ETSI TR 101 496-1 v1.1.1 (2000-11)
`
`Technical Report
`
`Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB);
`Guidelines and rules for implementation and operation;
`Part 1: System outline
`
`European Broadcasting Union
`
`Union Européenne de Radio-Télévision
`
`EBU-UER
`
`“ae ae:
`
`e
`
`~CP
`
`
`
`MTel., Exhibit 2004, ARRIS v. MTel., Page 1, IPR2016-00765
`
`

`

`2
`
`ETSI TR 101 496-1 V1.1.1 (2000-11)
`
`Reference
`DTR/JTC-DAB-8-1
`
`Keywords
`audio, broadcast, broadcasting, DAB, digital
`
`ETSI
`
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`important notice
`
`Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from:
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`
`The present document may be made available in more than oneelectronic version orin print. In any case of existing or
`perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format(PDF).
`In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive
`within ETSI Secretariat.
`
`Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or changeofstatus.
`Information on the current status of this and other ETS! documents is available at http://www.etsi.org/tb/status/
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`If you find errors in the present document, send your comment to:
`editor@etsi.fr
`
`Copyright Notification
`
`No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
`The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
`
`© European Telecommunications StandardsInstitute 2000.
`© European Broadcasting Union 2000.
`All rights reserved.
`
`MTel., Exhibit 2004, ARRIS v. MTel., Page 2, IPR2016-00765
`
`ETS!
`
`MTel., Exhibit 2004, ARRIS v. MTel., Page 2, IPR2016-00765
`
`

`

`3
`
`ETSI TR 101 496-1 V1.1.1 (2000-11)
`
`Contents
`
`Intellectial Property RIGts|... cccssccscsnesnnencesssarvenncspnencevenevevensensoecvansuvevesenseccnansuveversessecenunsareversensecenvaeniensaenees 4
`
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`
`1
`
`SCOPEsississsvitasncavasstrsanstsservenasskrnavscesesvenaseksnavenah acuta sions sca cneseubasbuads cacneueubaabuadssobennacevanvenasaeisaaaaaaiavenadss 5
`
`2 RTSaoeoeieee ae ee a eae 5
`
`3
`3.1
`3.2
`3.3
`
`4
`4.1
`4.2
`43
`4.3.1
`4.3.2
`43.3
`4.3.4
`4.3.5
`4.3.6
`43.7
`4.3.8
`43.9
`
`Definitions, symbols and abbireviahOUs « sssscsisessvssessivcasccarasescassvwesnecevatensnstavesnccovstesaussavesnciovststeusdivessess 6
`Definitions ...........ccccccsscesesscessecessssceescsecsencessencessescessnecesnsesnseeucnaeesenaeceaueeseaaeesensesenueeseaueesenaeeesneeseausesseseesseess 6
`SYMDOIS.........ccccccesscecensececsecesssecenceeseaeeesenseseaceeseseeesnaessenseeseaeesenaessensessneesseaesseneeseeneessessessesecseeeseeseensneseenes 8
`
`Abbreviations.............:c:ccescescesceeseeseeecesceencescessesscencesecacsseesneenessceaaeeneeaecaeeseceaeesnssaesneeaesassaaeensesseseeseesetensnaees 8
`
`General Outline -.............:ccsccccceesecceeecesceeeecnsceecesnseeeceesnaeecescnaceecesnaeeeeescnneeeessnseeeeesseeeeessanseeesssseseeesenes D
`SYStOM OVELVICW ........cccccccessecessseeensececnsecesneeseaceessneeesnaeesenseesseesensessensessneeseescessneseseneessnscessesesseessesseenssesenees 9
`Summary ofthe major system features...eeeeeseeseeeeceaeeeeesessaesaceaeeseeesesaceneeseeeseeassaeenersessaneneeatenes 10
`Outline of system implementation...............c:cccsessecsecceesencesseeceseneeesneessencessnecesseeessescesnesesaeessenseenseesseseesees ll
`Goereeral .........cscccesssecsscecesscecesseeeneceucnaecessnseeneececnsecesnseseaeecsenaeceeseesengeeseaeeesnaesseageeseaeeesaeesensesseneseseseesensess ll
`
`Data Services .........:c::cescescesseesceseeeneesceaeescesneesceseceaeesseaeessecnessceaaceneessessesseeneesessaeenecseeenesaceaeeeeesesseeneeesees 12
`Service Information.............cc::csscccesseecssseeeseeecescecesneeeneceecnaecessneesnseescnaeeesneeseageesenaeeesneesensesseneessaseesensess 12
`System Organization and Service Control.............:.sceesssseeseessesseeneeseseseseceneeaseseesaeenesseesacenseaesseseseaeenaees 13
`Channel Coding and TimeInterleaving..............eceeceeeeeeeseeseesseeneeaesesesecneraseseeseeeneeasesaeeneeaesesseaeeneesaees 13
`Main Service Multiplex...........cc.c:cccsseecsssseesseceesseceensececeeseaeeecnaeessneecseneessencesnecesssesssssesneeseneneessseesensess 13
`
`Transmission Frame and Modes ............2::csecccesscesesseeenseceenaecesssecenseeseaeeesesesssnsessnneescnneesenseeseneessseesensess 14
`Modulation with OFDM............2:cc:ccscssceeceeseescesceeceeseeeeeseceaesaceaeescessessceasceaessesaeesecsesseesaeensesseesesaeenseesees 15
`
`5
`5.1
`5.2
`5.3
`5.4
`5.5
`5.6
`5.7
`5.8
`5.9
`5.9.1
`5.9.2
`5.10
`5.11
`5.11.1
`5.11.2
`
`Description of system features 20.0.0...cece sceeseeeseeeeeeeeesecsseesceseeseecseseseesseeessssesssesesssesssesssestsseeseees LO
`Tntrduction............cccccsccesesceseececssncesseecesnecesnscessnecessnecesnsesseeeecnaeesenaeceseeeucnaeesenaeseaeesenaeesenaesesneeseaueessneseesses 16
`
`Transport mechanisms. ..........c:ccsscccsessecsececsencesscecessnecesnsesseeeecnacesenaeceneeseaaeessaeecenseeseaaeeseaesessneeseaeeesseseesees 16
`Multiplex Configuration Information «0.00.00...0c. sesceeceeseesseeeeeseeaseseeseeeseescesaeeneeaesasesesaeeaseasseeeneesesaseaeeeneeas 17
`AUGIO COGING..0....eecteceeeeesseseceseeseeseeeneesecssesaceneeseesassacesecsaesaseaeesaeeassaseaacsaeeseeaseaseneesessateneesessaesaseaeeeneeas 17
`Programme Associated Data. ...........ccesesesesessceseesseeseessesecsaesaseneesaeeaesacesaeeneeaessseseseaeeaseaseaeenessaesaseaseneeas 18
`Service Information .............ccccssscccsecceesecesseseneeceeaeeesneeseaceeseaeessnaeeseaaeeseaeeeensesseneessnaeessnsessnesesseessenseennesss 19
`Fast Information Data Channel...............:ccccssccesseecesseecesseeessececnaeccenaecenneeseaaeessaeesensecseneessneesssaeeneaeeessaeseesees 20
`Conditional ACC€SS..........:::ccsscecessccessescessnecesstesssneecnsnecesseessceecnaeesenaeceseesucnaeesenaeceseesenaeesenaesesneeseaseessneeeesaes 20
`Future Features. ...........:ccccscccsscceessecesscecesenceseescesnecesneessseseesnecesaeesseneecnaeeesnseesnseeeenaseesss
`AUGIO ......cccecesceesssceenseceesecesseeseaecsensecenneeseaeeesaeeceueeseaeeesnaeesensecseaeeesaessenseeseneesseees
`Dota... eeeceeceeccescceceescesceseesceesecssceneescescessecneesesaaseaeessesessceaeeenesaesaaesseeneeenssaseneesseeses
`System features summary
`The Capacity of the DAB Mulltiplex ..............cccccscccsseeeesercesseecesncecesseeesseeecnaeceenaecenneeseaseeseaeeessaesseneeesnaeeeesees 27
`Total Capacity of a DAB Ensemble................:ccsccccsessesseececssecesssececeeseaeeeceaeessnsecseneeseneeenseesenaeeesneesenensess 27
`Examples of Multiplex Configurations «2.0.0.0...cesceseeseeseeseesseeneesesesesecaeeaseseesaeeneeseesaeenseaesaseseseneeeaees 27
`
`
`
`HStOry .oeseccssssseccssssseeccesssvcesssssvscessssssesersssveceessssscsesssssesessseessesssecsesssnsvessessseesesssanesssssuesssanesssaseened
`
`MTel., Exhibit 2004, ARRIS v. MTel., Page 3, IPR2016-00765
`
`ETS!
`
`MTel., Exhibit 2004, ARRIS v. MTel., Page 3, IPR2016-00765
`
`

`

`4
`
`ETSI TR 101 496-1 V1.1.1 (2000-11)
`
`Intellectual Property Rights
`
`IPRs essentialor potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
`pertaining to these essential IPRs,if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
`in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
`respect ofETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
`server(http://www.etsi.org/ipr).
`
`Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
`can be givenas to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314(or the updates on the ETSI Web
`server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
`
`Foreword
`
`This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by the Joint Technical Committee (JTC) Broadcast of the European
`Broadcasting Union (EBU), Comité Européen de Normalisation ELECtrotechnique (CENELEC) and the European
`Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
`
`NOTE 1: The EBU/ETSI JTC Broadcast was established in 1990 to co-ordinate the drafting of standards in the
`specific field ofbroadcasting and related fields. Since 1995 the JTC Broadcast becamea tripartite body
`by including in the Memorandum ofUnderstanding also CENELEC,which is responsible for the
`standardization ofradio andtelevision receivers. The EBU is a professional association ofbroadcasting
`organizations whose workincludes the co-ordination of its members' activities in the technical, legal,
`programme-making and programme-exchange domains. The EBU has active members in about 60
`countries in the European broadcasting area; its headquarters is in Geneva.
`
`European Broadcasting Union
`CH-1218 GRAND SACONNEX(Geneva)
`Switzerland
`Tel:
`+41 22 717 21 11
`Fax:
`+41 22717 24 81
`
`The Eureka Project 147 wasestablished in 1987, with funding from the European Commission,to develop a system for
`the broadcasting ofaudio and data to fixed, portable or mobile receivers. Their work resulted in the publication of
`European Standard, EN 300 401 [1], for DAB (see note 2) which now has worldwide acceptance. The membersof the
`Eureka Project 147 are drawn from broadcasting organizations and telecommunication providers together with
`companies from the professional and consumer electronics industry.
`
`NOTE 2: DAB is a registered trademark owned by one of the Eureka Project 147 partners.
`
`The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Guidelines and rules for implementation and
`operation for Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB),as identified below:
`
`Part1:
`
`"System outline";
`
`Part2:
`
`"System features";
`
`Part3:
`
`"Broadcast network".
`
`MTel., Exhibit 2004, ARRIS v. MTel., Page 4, IPR2016-00765
`
`ETS!
`
`MTel., Exhibit 2004, ARRIS v. MTel., Page 4, IPR2016-00765
`
`

`

`5
`
`ETSI TR 101 496-1 V1.1.1 (2000-11)
`
`1
`
`Scope
`
`The present documentgives guidelines for the implementation and operation ofthe Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB)
`system. It forms Part 1 of the guidelines and rules developed by the Eureka Project 147 as the major companion
`document to the DAB system specification given in EN 300 401 [1]. They are intended to provide additional
`information to aid interpretation of the on-air signal and to assist broadcasters and manufacturers to implement systems
`using the specification features as intended. Part 1 focuses on the system outline. TR 101 496-2 [15] considers in detail
`the implementation and operation of the system features. TR 101 496-3 [16] focuses on the broadcast network.
`
`2
`
`References
`
`For the purposes ofthis Technical Report (TR), the following references apply:
`
`(1)
`
`[2]
`
`[3]
`
`[4]
`
`[5]
`
`[6]
`
`[7]
`
`[8]
`
`[9]
`
`[10]
`
`(11)
`
`[12]
`
`[13]
`
`[14]
`
`[15]
`
`[16]
`
`ETSI EN 300 401: "Radio Broadcasting Systems; Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) to mobile,
`portable and fixed receivers".
`
`ITU-R Recommendation BS.774-2: "Service requirements for digital sound broadcasting to
`vehicular, portable and fixed receivers usingterrestrial transmitters in the VHF/UHF bands".
`
`ITU-R Recommendation BO.789-2: "Service for digital sound broadcasting to vehicular, portable
`and fixed receivers for broadcasting-satellite service (sound)in the frequency range
`1 4000 - 2 700 MHz".
`
`ITU-R Recommendation BS.1114-1: "System for terrestrial digital sound broadcasting to
`vehicular, portable and fixed receivers in the frequency range 30-3 000 MHz".
`
`ITU-R Recommendation BO.1130-2: "System selection for digital sound broadcasting to
`vehicular, portable and fixed receivers for broadcasting-servicesatellite (sound) bandsin the
`frequency range 1 400 - 2 700 MHz".
`
`ISO/IEC 11172-3 (1993): "Coding of movingpictures and associated audio for digital storage
`media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s - Part 3: Audio".
`
`ISO/IEC JTC-1-SC29-WG11 MPEG 91-101 (1991): "The SR Report on The MPEG/Audio
`Listening Tests" - Stockholm.
`
`EN ISO 14819-1: "Traffic and Traveller Information (TTI) — TTI messages via Traffic Message
`Coding — Part 1: Coding protocol for Radio Data System — Traffic Message Channel (RDS-TMC)
`using ALERT-C",
`
`ETSI ETS300 174 (1992): "Network Aspects (NA); Digital coding ofcomponenttelevision
`signals for contribution quality applications in the range 34 - 45 Mbit/s".
`
`EN 50094 (1992): "Access control system for the MAC/packet family: EUROCRYPT".
`
`Norwegian Telecom,Issue 2 (20th July 1989): "NR-MSK Access Control System".
`
`ISO/IEC 13818-3 (1998): "Information technology - Generic coding ofmoving pictures and
`associated audio information - Part 3: Audio".
`
`ETSI TS101 500: "Digital Audio Broadcast System (DAB) - Multichannel audio".
`
`ITU-R Recommendation BO.955-3: "Satellite sound broadcasting to vehicular, portable and fixed
`receivers in the range 500-3 000 MHz".
`
`ETSI TR 101 496-2: "Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); Guidelines and rules for implementation
`and operation; Part 2: System features".
`
`ETSI TR 101 496-3: "Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); Guidelines and rules for implementation
`and operation; Part 3: Broadcast network".
`
`MTel., Exhibit 2004, ARRIS v. MTel., Page 5, IPR2016-00765
`
`ETS!
`
`MTel., Exhibit 2004, ARRIS v. MTel., Page 5, IPR2016-00765
`
`

`

`6
`
`ETSI TR 101 496-1 V1.1.1 (2000-11)
`
`3
`
`Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
`
`3.1
`
`Definitions
`
`For the purposes ofthe present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
`
`Access Control System (ACS):particular set ofrules for managing entitlement checking and conditional access
`messages
`
`audio bit stream: sequence of consecutive audio frames
`
`audio frame: frame ofa duration of24 ms (at 48 kHz sampling frequency) or of48 ms(at 24 kHz sampling frequency)
`which contains a Layer II encoded audio signal ISO/IEC 11172-3 [6], ISO/IEC 13818-3 [12], corresponding to
`1 152 consecutive audio samples; the smallest part of the audio bit stream which is decodable on its own
`
`audio mode: audio coding system provides single channel, dual channel, stereo and joint stereo audio modes
`In each mode, the complete audio signal is encoded as one audiobit stream.
`
`Auxiliary Information Channel (AIC): all or part of sub-channel 63, used to carry information redirected from the
`Fast Information Channel
`
`Capacity Unit (CU): smallest addressable unit (64 bits) of the Common Interleaved Frame (CIF)
`
`changeevent indication (CEI): set of FIG fields with particular values to indicate a change ofdatabase contentfor
`certain service information features
`
`Common Interleaved Frame (CIF):serial digital output from the main service multiplexer which is contained in the
`MainService Channelpart of the transmission frame. It is common to all transmission modes and contains 55 296 bits
`(i.e. 864 CUs)
`
`Conditional Access (CA): mechanism by whichthe user access to service components can be restricted
`
`convolutional coding: coding procedure which generates redundancy in the transmitted data stream in order to provide
`ruggedness against transmission distortions
`
`DABaudio frame: The sameas audio frame,but includes all specific DAB audio-related information.
`
`DABtransmission signal: transmitted radio frequency signal
`
`data service: service which comprises a non-audio primary service component and optionally additional secondary
`service components
`
`ensemble:transmitted signal, comprising a set ofregularly and closely-spaced orthogonal carriers
`The ensembleis the entity which is received and processed. In general, it contains programmeand data services
`
`Entitlement Checking Messages (ECM): messages containing information about the conditions required for accessing
`service components, which are intended for restricted access, and for descrambling the data
`
`Entitlement Management Messages (EMM): messages containing information aboutthe conditions required for
`accessing service components which are intended for restricted access and for descrambling the data
`
`EqualError Protection (EEP): error protection procedure which ensure a constant protection ofthe bit stream
`
`Extended Programme Associated Data (X-PAD): extended part of the PAD carried towards the end of the DAB
`audio frame, immediately before the Scale Factor Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
`Its length is variable.
`
`Fast Information Block (FIB): data burst of 256 bits
`The sequence of FIBs is carried by the Fast Information Channel. Thestructure of the FIB is common to all
`transmission modes
`
`Fast Information Channel (FIC): part ofthe transmission frame, comprising the Fast Information Blocks, which
`contains the multiplex configuration information together with optional service Information and data service
`components
`
`MTel., Exhibit 2004, ARRIS v. MTel., Page 6, IPR2016-00765
`
`ETS!
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`MTel., Exhibit 2004, ARRIS v. MTel., Page 6, IPR2016-00765
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`t
`
`ETSI TR 101 496-1 V1.1.1 (2000-11)
`
`Fast Information Data Channel (FIDC): dedicated part of the Fast Information Channel whichis available for
`non-audiorelated data services, such as paging
`
`Fast Information Group (FIG): package of data used for one application in the Fast Information Channel
`Eightdifferent types are available to provide a classification of the applications.
`
`Fixed ProgrammeAssociated Data (F-PAD):fixed part of the PAD contained in the last two bytes ofthe DAB audio
`frame
`
`joint stereo mode: audio mode in which two channels forminga stereo pair (left and right) are encoded within one bit
`stream and for which stereophonic irrelevance or redundancy is exploited for further bit reduction
`The method used in the DAB system is Intensity stereo coding.
`
`logical frame: data burst, contributing to the contents ofa sub-channel, during a time interval of24 ms
`For example, data bursts at the output of an audio encoder, a Conditional Access scrambler and a convolutional encoder
`are referred to as logical frames. The number ofbits contained in a specific logical frame depends on thestage in the
`encoding process and the bit rate associated with the sub-channel.
`
`Main Service Channel (MSC): channel which occupies the major part ofthe transmission frame and which carries all
`the digital audio service components, together with possible supporting and additional data service components
`
`Multiplex Configuration Information (MCI): information defining the configuration ofthe multiplex
`It contains the current (andin the case ofan imminentre-configuration, the forthcoming) details about the services,
`service components and sub-channels andthe linking between these objects. It is carried in the FIC in order that a
`receiver can interpret this information in advance of the service components carried in the Main Service Channel. It also
`includes identification of the ensembleitself and a date and time marker.
`
`null symbol: first Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) symbolofthe transmission frame
`
`OFDM symbol: transmitted signal for that portion oftime when the modulating phase state is held constant on each of
`the equi-spaced, equal amplitude carriers in the ensemble
`Each carrier is four-phase differentially modulated from one symbol to another, giving a gross bit rate oftwo bits per
`carrier per symbol.
`
`packet mode: modeofdata transmission in which data are carried in addressable blocks called packets
`Packets are used to convey MSC data groups within a sub-channel.
`
`primary service component: first and mandatory componentof a service
`It can be used as a default selection in the receiver.
`
`Programme Associated Data (PAD): information which is related to the audio data in terms of contents and
`synchronization
`The PAD field is located at the end of the DAB audio frame.
`
`programme item: time-slice ofa programme, for example, a piece of music or a news report
`
`programmeservice: service which comprises an audio Primary service componentand optionally additional
`Secondary service components
`
`protection level: level specifying the degree of protection, provided by the convolutional coding, against transmission
`errors
`
`protection profile: Defines the scheme ofconvolutional coding applied.
`
`secondary service component: In case a service contains more than the primary service component, the additional
`service components are secondary service components.
`
`service: user-selectable output which can be either a programmeservice or a data service
`
`service component: part of a service which carrieseither audio (including PAD)or data
`The service components ofa given service are linked together by the Multiplex Configuration Information. Each service
`componentis carried either in a sub-channelor in the Fast Information Data Channel.
`
`Service Identifier (SId): 16- or 32-bit code used to identify a particular service
`
`Service Information (SI): auxiliary information about services, such as service labels and programme type codes
`
`MTel., Exhibit 2004, ARRIS v. MTel., Page 7, IPR2016-00765
`
`ETS!
`
`MTel., Exhibit 2004, ARRIS v. MTel., Page 7, IPR2016-00765
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`

`8
`
`ETSI TR 101 496-1 V1.1.1 (2000-11)
`
`service label: alphanumeric characters associated with a particular service and intended for display in a receiver
`
`single channel mode: audio mode, in which a monophonic audio programmeis encoded within onebit stream
`
`Single Frequency Network (SFN): network of DAB transmitters sharing the same radio frequencyto achieve a large
`area coverage
`
`stereo mode: audio modein which two channels forminga stereo pair (left and right) are encoded within one bit stream
`and for which the coding process is the same as for the Dual channel mode
`
`stream mode: modeofdata transmission within the Main Service Channelin which data are carried transparently from
`source to destination
`Data are carried in logical frames.
`
`sub-channel: A part ofthe Main Service Channel which is individually convolutionally encoded and comprises an
`integral number ofCapacity Units per Common Interleaved Frame.
`
`synchronization channel:part ofthe transmission frame providing a phase reference
`
`transmission frame: actual transmitted frame, specific to the four transmission modes, conveying the Synchronization
`channel, the Fast Information Channel and the Main Service Channel
`
`transmission mode: specific set oftransmission parameters (e.g. number of carriers, OFDM symbol duration)
`Four transmission modes(i.e. I, II, III and IV) are defined to allow the system to be used for different network
`configurations and a range ofoperating frequencies.
`
`Unequal Error Protection (UEP): error protection procedure which allows the bit error characteristics to be matched
`with the bit error sensitivity ofthe different parts ofthe bit stream
`
`X-PAD data group: package ofdata used for one application in the Extended ProgrammeAssociated Data (X-PAD)
`
`3.2
`
`Symbols
`
`For the purposes ofthe present document, the following symbols apply:
`
`N
`Pp
`Rave
`Tf
`Trott
`T;
`t;
`ta
`
`number of carriers
`padding
`mean code rate
`frame duration
`null symbol duration
`Total symbol duration
`useful symbol duration
`guard interval duration
`
`3.3
`
`Abbreviations
`
`For the purposes ofthe present document, the following abbreviations apply:
`
`AIC
`AM
`C/N
`CA
`CIF
`CRC
`CU
`DAB
`DFT
`DRC
`EAN
`EBU
`ECC
`ECM
`
`Auxiliary Information Channel
`Amplitude Modulation
`Carrier to Noise ratio
`Conditional Access
`Common Interleaved Frame
`Cyclic Redundance Check
`Capacity Unit
`Digital Audio Broadcasting
`Discrete Fourier Transform
`Dynamic Range Control
`European Article Number
`European Broadcasting Union
`Extended Country Code
`Entitlement Checking Message
`
`MTel., Exhibit 2004, ARRIS v. MTel., Page 8, IPR2016-00765
`
`ETS!
`
`MTel., Exhibit 2004, ARRIS v. MTel., Page 8, IPR2016-00765
`
`

`

`9
`
`ETSI TR 101 496-1 V1.1.1 (2000-11)
`
`EEP
`EMM
`EWS
`FFT
`FIC
`FIDC
`FM
`F-PAD
`HEO
`IEC
`ISO
`ISRC
`ITTS
`ITU
`LTO
`MCI
`MJD
`MPEG
`MSC
`MUX
`OE
`OFDM
`PAD
`PCM
`PTy
`QPSK
`sc
`SCCA
`SFN
`SI
`TI
`TMC
`UEP
`UHF
`UPC
`VHF
`X-PAD
`
`Equal Error Protection
`Entitlement Management Message
`Emergency Warning System
`Fast Fourier Transform
`Fast Information Channel
`Fast Information Data Channel
`Frequency Modulation
`Fixed ProgrammeAssociated Data
`Highly inclined Elliptical Orbit
`International Electrotechnical Commission
`International Organization for Standardization
`International Standard Recording Code
`Interactive Text Transmission System
`International Telecommunications Union
`Local Time Offset
`Multiplex Configuration Information
`Modified Julian Date
`MovingPicture Experts Groups
`Main Service Channel
`Multiplex
`Other Ensemble
`Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex
`ProgrammeAssociated Data
`Pulse Code Modulation
`Programme Type
`Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (4-PSK)
`Service Component
`Service Component Conditional Access
`Single Frequency Network
`Service Information
`Transmitter Identification Information
`Traffic Message Channel
`Unequal Error Protection
`Ultra High Frequency
`Universal Product Code
`Very High Frequency
`Extended ProgrammeAssociated Data
`
`4
`
`4.1
`
`General Outline
`
`System overview
`
`The Eureka DAB system is designed to providereliable, multi-service digital sound broadcasting for reception by
`mobile, portable and fixed receivers, using a simple, non-directional antenna. It can be operated at any frequency up to
`3 GHz for mobile reception (higher for fixed reception) and maybe used onterrestrial, satellite, hybrid (satellite with
`complementary terrestrial), and cable broadcast networks. In addition to supporting a wide range ofsound codingrates
`(and hence qualities), it is also designed to have a flexible, general-purpose digital multiplex which can support a wide
`range of source and channel coding options, including sound-programmeassociated data and independentdata services.
`It is, in fact, the only system available in the world whichis able to meet all ofthe demanding requirements drawn up
`within the International Telecommunications Union (ITU),in order to take a new and revolutionary step in all-digital
`sound broadcasting, and having a long-term future. These requirements are given in ITU-R Recommendations
`BS.774-2 [2] and BO.789-2 [3]. The system itself is recommended world-wide by the Inter-Union Technical Committee
`ofthe World Conference of Broadcasting Unions and now in ITU-R Recommendations BS.1114-1 [4] and
`BO.1130-2 [5] and, for terrestrial and satellite broadcasting respectively. The detailed specification ofthe Eureka DAB
`System (also known as ITU Digital System A) is given by ETSI in EN 300 401 [1].
`
`MTel., Exhibit 2004, ARRIS v. MTel., Page 9, IPR2016-00765
`
`ETS!
`
`MTel., Exhibit 2004, ARRIS v. MTel., Page 9, IPR2016-00765
`
`

`

`10
`
`ETSI TR 101 496-1 V1.1.1 (2000-11)
`
`The Eureka DAB system is a rugged, yet highly spectrum- and power-efficient sound and data broadcasting system.It
`uses advanced digital techniques to remove redundancyand perceptually irrelevant information from the audio source
`signal, it then applies closely controlled redundancyto the signal to be transmitted, to provide strongerror protection.
`The transmitted information is spread in both the frequency and time domainsso that the defects of channel distortions
`and fades can be eliminated from the recovered signal in the receiver, even when working in conditions of severe
`multi-path propagation, whether stationary or mobile. Efficient spectrum utilization is achieved by interleaving multiple
`programmesignals and, additionally, by a special feature of frequency re-use, which permits broadcasting networks to
`be extended, virtually withoutlimit, by operating additional transmitters carrying the same multiplexes on the same
`radiated frequency. Thelatter feature is known as the Single Frequency Network (SFN). This can also employ the gap
`filling technique. In this case, a gap filler transmitter receives and re-transmits the signal on the same frequency without
`demodulation and remodulation. This provides coverage of shadowed areas, which can arise within the overall coverage
`area provided by the main broadcast network transmitters. Nevertheless, the relatively low co-channelprotection ratio
`ofthe DAB system also permits adjacent local coverage areas to be planned, on a continuously extendingbasis, with as
`few as four different frequency blocks.
`
`4.2
`
`Summary of the major system features
`
`The system provides a signal which carries a multiplex of several digital services simultaneously. The system
`bandwidth is about 1,5 MHz, providingatotal transport bit rate capacity ofjust over 2,4 Mbit/s in a complete
`"ensemble". Depending on the requirements ofthe broadcaster (transmitter coverage, reception quality), the amount of
`error protection provided is adjustable for each service independently, with a coding overhead ranging from about 33 %
`to 300 % (200 % for sound). Accordingly, the available bit rate for broadcast services ranges between about 1,7 Mbit/s
`and 0,6 Mbit/s. The services can contain audio programmedata or other data services, and a data service can or can not
`be related to the audio programme. The number and bit rate ofeach individualservice is flexible and generally receivers
`are able to decode several service components or services simultaneously. The actual contentof the flexible multiplex is
`described by the so-called Multiplex Configuration Information (MCI). Thisis transported in a specific reserved part of
`the multiplex known as the Fast Information Channel (FIC), because it does not suffer the inherent delay of time
`interleaving which is applied to the Main Service Channel (MSC).In addition, the FIC carries information on the
`services themselves and the links between the services.
`
`In particular, the following principal features have been specified:
`
`e Audio bit rates from 384 kbit/s down to 32 kbit/s, or even down to 8 kbit/s by applying the half sampling
`frequency coding technique of MPEG-2 Audio Layer II [12]. This enables the multiplex to be configured to
`provide typically 6 high-quality stereo audio programme using MPEG-1 Audio atthefull sampling frequency or
`up to 63 mono programmes using MPEG-2 Audio half-sampling frequency coding technique with moderately
`rugged error protection. An example table of multiplex options for audio services is given in table 4.2.1.
`
`e Program Associated Data (PAD), embedded in the audiobit stream, for data which is directly linked to the audio
`programme (e.g. dynamic range control data, song lyrics, music/speech flag,etc.). The amount of PAD is
`adjustable (minimum 667bit/s with MPEG-1, or 333 bit/s with MPEG-2 Audioat half sampling frequency),at
`the expense ofcapacity for the coded audio signal within the chosen audiobitrate.
`
`e Data services, whereby each service can be a separately defined stream or can be divided further by means of a
`packet structure.
`
`|____—~Protectionlevel=o|(SATA
`
`[meancoderste;Ras[85[0.8
`
`Table 4.2.1: Examples of audio service capacities ina DAB ensemble
`(Equal Error Protection)
`
`coded audio rate, kbit/s
`
`MTel., Exhibit 2004, ARRIS v. MTel., Page 10, IPR2016-00765
`
`ETS!
`
`MTel., Exhibit 2004, ARRIS v. MTel., Page 10, IPR2016-00765
`
`

`

`11
`
`ETSI TR 101 496-1 V1.1.1 (2000-11)
`
`e Conditional Access (CA), applicable to each individual service and to each individual packet of packet mode
`data. (Specific subscriber management does not form part of the DAB system specification [1]; DAB provides
`CAtransport and the actual signal scrambling mechanisms.)
`
`e Service Information (SI) for (textual) information on the selected DAB ensemble and selected programme, and
`also complementary machine code for ease of operation ofthe receiver. Another important SI-feature is to
`establish links between different services in the multiplex and links to other (related) services in another DAB
`multiplex or even to FM/AM broadcasts.
`
`4.3
`
`Outline of system implementation
`
`4.3.1
`
`General
`
`A conceptual block diagram ofthe DAB system is shown in figures 4.3.1 and 4.3.2; figure 4.3.1 shows a conceptual
`transmitter drive in which each service signal is coded individually at source level and then error protected and time
`interleaved. Then it is multiplexed into the Main Service Channel (MSC), with other similarly processed service signals,
`according to a pre-determined, but changeable, services configuration. The multiplexer output is frequency interleaved
`and combined with multiplex control and service information which travel in a Fast Information Channel (FIC) in order
`to avoid the delay oftime-interleaving. Finally, very rugged synchronization symbols are added before applying
`Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) anddifferential QPSK modulation onto a large number of
`carriers to form the DAB signal.
`
`
`
`sync
`generator
`
`DAB
`
`signal
`
`sound
`service
`N
`
`data
`service
`
`
`
`services
`configuration
`
`
`
`demodulatorSeyanderrorco