# 'I SELLER over: 100,000 sou:
`
`The Official Dictionary of
`Computer Telephony, Telecommunications,
`Networking, Data Communications,
`Voice Processing and the Internet
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1010, p. 1
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1010, p. 1
`
`

`

`A Flatiron Publishing, Inc. Book
`Published by Flatiron Publishing, Inc.
`Copyright © 1994 by Harry Newton
`
`All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright conventions,'
`including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form
`whatsoever. Published in the United States by Flatiron Publishing, Inc., New
`York.
`
`Manufactured in the United States of America
`
`Eighth Edition, November 1994
`Cover Designed by Saul Roldan
`Printed at Bookcrafters, Chelsea, MI.
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1010, p. 2
`
`

`

`NEWTON'S TELECOM 'DICTIONARY
`AP See ADD-ON or APPLICATIONS PROCESSOR. AP is an AT&T word for a
`piece of equipment which hangs off the side of their PBX and makes it do more
`things, like voice mail.
`APA All Points Addressable (APA) method of host graphics implementation which
`uses vertical and horizontal pixel coordinates to create a more graphic image. An
`SNA definition.
`APAD Asynchronous Packet Assembler/Disassembler.
`APC Adaptive predictive coding. A narrowband analoq-to-dlqltal conversion tech(cid:173)
`nique employing a one-level or multilevel sampling system in which the value of
`the signal at each sample time is adaptively predicted to be a linear function of
`the past values of the quantized signals. APC is related to linear predictive cod(cid:173)
`ing (LPC) in that both use adaptive predictors. However, APC uses fewer predic(cid:173)
`tion coefficients, thus requiring a higher bit rate than LPC.
`APCC The American Public Communications Council, which is part of the North
`American Telecommunications Association (NATA).
`APD Avalanche PhotoDiode. A diode that, when hit by light, increases its electri(cid:173)
`cal conductivity by a multiplication effect. APDs are used in lightwave receivers
`because the APDs have great sensitivity to weakened light signals (Le. those
`which have traveled long distances over fiber). APDs are designed to take advan(cid:173)
`tage of avalanche multiplication of photocurrent.
`APERIODIC ANTENNA An antenna designed to have an approximately con(cid:173)
`stant input impedance over a wide range of frequencies; e.g., terminated rhombic
`antennas and wave antennas.
`APERTURE For a parabolic reflector or a horn antenna, aperture is the dimen(cid:173)
`sion of the open mouth and represents a surface over which it is possible to cal(cid:173)
`culate the radiation pattern. For a series of n stacked transmitting elements such
`as dipoles or slots, the vertical aperture is usually defined as n times the element
`spacing in wavelengths.
`APERTURE DISTORTION In facsimile, the distortions in resolution, density,
`and shape of the recorded image caused by the shape and finite size of the scan(cid:173)
`ning and recording apertures or spots.
`API An Application Programming Interface is software that an application pro(cid:173)
`gram uses to request and carry out lower-level services performed by the com(cid:173)
`puter's or a telephone system's operating system. For Windows, the API also
`helps applications manage windows, menus, icons, and other GUI elements. In
`short, an API is a "hook" into software. An API is a set of standard software inter(cid:173)
`rupts, calls, and data formats that application programs use to initiate contact with
`network services, mainframe communications programs, telephone equipment or
`program-to-program communications. For example, applications use APls to call
`services that transport data across a network. Standardization of APls at various
`layers of a communications protocol stack provides a uniform way to write appli(cid:173)
`cations. NetBIOS is an early example of a network API. Applications use APls to
`call services that transport data across a network.
`APL Automatic Program Load in telecom. In data processing, it's a popular pro(cid:173)
`gramming language.
`74
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1010, p. 74
`
`

`

`C'I'IONARY
`
`1 about 15 to 20,000 hertz.
`
`(approximately 20 hertz to 15
`ear.
`
`ch the human ear can detect
`those from 300 to 3,000 hertz
`a phone doesn’t sound “Hi-Fi."
`
`:essing system. The user can
`; a menu option by hitting a
`two. Computer or voice pro-
`ays — menu-driven and non-
`or users to use, but they can
`bly spoken in a few seconds.
`omated attendant/voice mes-
`:sing applications. See also
`
`:IFICA'I'ION AMIS. Issued in
`l at addressing the problem of
`rent vendors can network or
`vendors could not exchange
`:ion between two systems for
`lot describe the user interface
`nent AMlS in a particular sys-
`
`is based on com-
`lS-Digital,
`iging systems. All the control
`ed between systems in digital
`lie for the use of DTMF tones
`Ie message itself is in analog
`oer 1990 issue of Business
`of Hinsdale, lL. AMlS specifi-
`:55-7785.
`
`tes computer output into spo-
`1 "if you want the weather in
`er. But that weather would be
`/ more technical explanation:
`tthesized voice responses to
`vices process calls based on
`ita base, and information car-
`ire used to increase the num-
`sistent quality in information ,
`'OICE RESPONSE.
`
`sound and visual images to
`idiographics generally refers
`aposed to continuous frame
`“ansmission is often used to
`lucational institution or busi-
`
`NEWTON’S TELECOM DICTIONARY
`
`955 training center, saving travel and housing expense.
`upIO'I'EX A generic term for interactive voice response equipment and ser-
`
`ces. Audiotex is to voice what on-line data processing is to data terminals. The
`ea is you call a phone number. A machine answers, presenting you with sever-
`
`l options, “Push 1 for information on Plays, Push 2 for information on movies,
`
`ush 3 for information on Museums." If you push 2, the machine may come back,
`ush 1 for movies on the south side of town, Push 2 for movies on the north side
`
`town, etc." See also lNFORMATION CENTER MAILBOX.
`
`uplO‘l'EX'l' A different, and less preferred, spelling of AUDlOTEX. See AUDIO-
`EX-
`IIDI'I'OIIY PA'ITEIIN RECOGNITION Auditory pattern recognition is the
`
`bility to recognize spoken words.
`
`up" To conduct an independent review and examination of system records
`d activities in order to test the adequacy and effectiveness of data security and
`
`data integrity procedures, to ensure compliance with established policy and oper-
`
`,_
`ional procedures, and to recommend any necessary changes.
`
`
`activities that is sufficient to enable the reconstruction, review, and examination of
`
`the sequence of environments and activities surrounding or leading to an opera-
`ion, a procedure or an event in a transaction from its inception to final results.
`
`Audit trail may apply to information in an automated information system, to the
`
`outing of messages in a communications system, or to material exchange trans-
`actions, such as in financial audit trails.
`
`AUDITING An AT&T ISDN term for the monitoring of the status of either the
`
`network or the lSDN set.
`
`AUDIX VOICE POWER A voice processing application, part of Integrated
`Solution lll (lS-lll), that provides Automated Attendant, call answering, voice-
`mail, message drop, and information services for use with the AT&T Merlin tele-
`
`hone system.
`AUGER A type of drill bit typically used to make large, deep holes for passing
`
`ire or cable through wood.
`
`
`
`; usually refers to restrictions on use for commercral purposes.
`
`101
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1010, p. 101
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1010, p. 101
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`NEWTON’ S TELECOM DICTIONARY
`
`A challenge given by voice or electrical means to attest to the authenticity of
`message or transmission.
`
`AUTHENTICATION The process whereby a user or information source prov
`they are who they claim to be.
`
`AUTHORING SYSTEM Software which helps developers design interactiv
`courseware easily, without heavy computer programming. See AUTHORING.
`
`AUTHORIZED AGENT Also called Authorized Sales Agent. Aterm chosen b
`some of the Bell operating companies and many of the cellular phone companie
`to refer to companies which sell their network services on commission. Some
`these companies have specific industry knowledge and have written specialize
`software. The idea is to work with businesses to arm them with the absolute be
`package of telecommunications hardware, software and services.
`
`AUTHORIZED BANDWIDTH The necessary bandwidth required for tran
`mission and reception of intelligence. This definition does not include allowanc
`for transmitter drift or Doppler shift.
`
`AUTHORIZED FREOUENCYAfrequency that is allocated and assigned by a
`authority to a specific user for a specific purpose.
`
`AUTHORIZATION Think of charging things on your MasterCard, Visa,
`American Express card. lf the store cannot authorize the amount of your purchas
`your Visa card will not allow you to make the purchase. Authorization is needed f
`many long distance calls, especially those made using credit cards, telephon
`company calling card, etc. Authorization is done by the operator’s computer check-r
`ing with the remote validation database service. See BVA, BVS and VALlDATlO
`
`AUTHORIZATION CODE A code in numbers and/or letters employed by
`user to gain access to a system or service.
`if you are making a call out on
`restricted line, the PBX will ask you for an authorization code. if you have on
`your call will go through.
`if not, your call will be denied (i.e. not go through
`Authorization codes come in various flavors. Some can be used for making Ion
`distance calls. Some can be used also for international calls, etc. See AUTHO
`RIZED USER.
`
`AUTHORIZED USER A person, firm, corporation or any other legal enti
`authorized by the provider of the service to use the service being provided.
`
`AUTO ADJUST An AT&T lSDN term. The automatic setting of the baud rat
`The baud rate is automatically set through the use of the AT portion of the com
`mand line. The speed of the computer is determined from the A and the parity
`determined from the combination of the A and T. For this reason, it is not nece
`
`AUTHORING Authoring is the process of using multimedia applications
`create multimedia materials for others to view. Multimedia authoring uses man
`tools, from the more familiar text editor or desktop publishing application,
`tools for capturing and manipulating video images or editing audio files. Autho
`might include specialized creators of training, sales, or corporate applicatiOn
`such as insurance claims processing. Or, they might be creators of everyda
`business communications like voice-annotated email. Over time, everyon
`involved in business communications will probably have some level of multim
`dia authoring capability.
`
`
`
`102
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1010, p. 102
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1010, p. 102
`
`

`

`NEWTON'S TELECOM DICTIONARY
`consoles your chosen PBX can use.
`MULTIPLE CUSTOMER GROUP OPERATION A PBX shared by several
`different companies, each having separate consoles and trunks.
`MULTIPLE DOMAINS A set of domains on a single LAN, each of which has
`its own domain-wide post office. Hosts within each domain can exchange mail by
`going through one domain post office. Hosts in different domains must generally
`send mail thouqh two intermediary post offices: the sender's domain post office
`and the receiver's domain post office.
`MULTIPLE FREQUENCY-SHIFT KEYING MFSK. A form of frequency-shift
`keying in which multiple codes are used in the transmission of digital signals. The
`coding systems may use multiple frequencies transmitted concurrently or sequen(cid:173)
`tially.
`MULTIPLE HOMING Connecting your phone so it can be served by one or
`ssveralswitchlnq centers. This service may use a single directory number. It may
`also use several directory numbers (another term for phone numbers). It all
`depends on how you set the service up with your local phone company. The idea
`is to give you more ways of reaching the switched network-s- in case one or more
`of your local loops breaks.
`MULTIPLE LISTED DIRECTORY NUMBER SERVICE Permits more than
`one listed directory number to be associated with a single PBX.
`'-'
`MULTIPLE NAME SPACES The association of several names or other pieces
`of information with the same file. This allows renaming files and designating them
`for dissimilar computer systems such as the PC and the Mac.
`MULTIPLE P4RALLEL PROCESSING A method of fault tolerance used with
`host computers. Several CPUs cooperate to process data. It one CPU fails,
`its
`processinq tasks are automatically assigned to other processors. .
`MULTIPLE PROTOCOL ROUTER A communications device designed to
`make decisions 'about which path a packet of information will take. The packets
`are routed according to address information contained within, and can route
`across different protocols.
`MULTIPLE ROUTING The process of sending a message to more than one
`recipient, usually when ali destinations are specified in the header of the message.
`MULTIPLE SPOT SCANNING In facsimile systems, the method in which
`scanning is carried on simultaneously by two or more scanning spots, each one
`analyzing, its fraction of the total scanned area of the subject copy.
`MULTIPLE TOKEN OPERATION Variant of token passing for rings in which
`a free token on a LAN ts transmitted immediately after the last bit of the data pack(cid:173)
`et, allqwing multiple tokens on ring (but only one free token) slmurtaneously.
`MULnpLE' TUNED ANTENNA An antenna with connections through induc(cid:173)
`tances to ground at more than one point and so determined that the total reac(cid:173)
`tances in parallel are equal to those necessary to give the antenna the desired
`natural frequency.
`MULTIPLEX To transmit two or more signals over a single channel.
`MULTIPLEX AGGREGATE BIT RATE The bit rate in a time division multi-
`
`677
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1010, p. 677
`
`

`

`NEWTON'S TELECOM DICTIONARY
`
`plexer that is equal to the sum of the input channel data signaling rates available
`to the user plus the rate of the overhead bits required.
`MULTIPLEX BASEBAND In frequency division multiplexing,
`the frequency
`band occupied by the aggregate of the signals in the line interconnecting the mul(cid:173)
`tiplexing and radio or line equipment.
`MULTIPLEX HIERARCHY In the U.S. frequency division multiplex hierarchy,
`t 2 channels = 1 group
`5 groups (60 channels) = 1 supergroup
`10 superqroups (600 channels) = i masterqroup
`6 rnasterqroups ::: 1 jumbo group
`In contrast, the CelTT standard says 5 superqroups (i.e. 300 channels) :::: 1 mas.
`terqroup.
`MULTIPLEXED CHANNEL A communications channel capable of carrying the
`telecommunications transmissions of a number of devices or users at one time.
`MULTIPLEXER Electronic equipment which allows two or more signals to pass
`over one communications circuit. That "circuit' may be a phone line, a microwave
`circuit, a through-the-air lV signal. That circuit may be analog or digital. There are
`many multiplexing techniques to accommodate both.
`MULTIPLEXING EFFICIENCY Figure of merit for multiplexers. The ratio of the
`aggregate channel input data rate to the composite output data rate. Many stans(cid:173)
`tical multiplexers achieve a multiplexing efficiency of 8 or more.
`MULTIPOINT GROUNDING
`SYSTEM A system of equipment bonded
`together and also bonded to the facility ground.
`MULTIPORT CARD A circuit board with two or more ports for modems or other
`devices. Useful for enabling one PC to handle multiple incoming or outgoing calls
`at one time.
`MULTIPORT REPEATER A repeater, either standalone or connected to stan(cid:173)
`dard Ethernet cable, for interconnecting up to eight ThinWire Ethernet segments.
`MULTIPORT SWITCH A local area network term. A device which allows pack(cid:173)
`ets to switch from one cable to another.
`MULTI PROCESSING A type of computing characterized by systems that use
`more than one CPU to execute applications. Multi processing is not multi tasking,
`which is the ability to have more one application running on a system at the same
`time. The technique is not associated with multi processing, nor does it require multi
`processing to take place. Multi tasking typically uses a computer with one CPU (e.g.
`your desktop or laptop). Multi processing uses a computer with several CPUs, often
`a server. See MULTI-PROCESSING, MULTI-TASKING and MULTI-THREADED.
`MULTISESSION An incrementally updated Kodak Photo CO. See MULTI-SES(cid:173)
`SION for a fuller explanation.
`MULTI TASKING See MULTI-TASKING.
`MULTITHREADED See MULTI-THREADED.
`MURIEL Muriel Fullam worked for me for ten years before she worked with me
`678
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1010, p. 678
`
`

`

`NEWTON'S TELECOM DICTIONARY
`And it's a success because the French phone company funds it.
`VIEW 1. In satellite communications, the ability of a satellite to "see" a satellite
`earthstatlon, aimed sufficiently above the horizon and clear of other obstructions
`so that it is within a free line of sight. A pair of satellite earthstatlons has a satst,
`lite in "mutual" view when both enjoy unobstructed line-of-sight contact with the
`satellite simultaneously. 2. An alternative way of looking at the data in one or more
`database tables. A view is usually created as a subset of columns from one or
`more tables.
`VIEWDATA An information retrieval system that uses a remote database acces(cid:173)
`sible through the public telephone network. Video display of the data is on a mon(cid:173)
`itor or television receiver. Another name for Videotex, the original English (UK)
`name for it. See VIDEOTEX.
`VIM Vendor Independent Messaging. A new E-mail protocol developed by Lotus,
`Apple, Novell and Borland to provide a common layer where dissimilar messag(cid:173)
`ing programs can share data and back-end services. A group called the Vendor
`Independent Messaging Group will is intent on developing an open, industry-stan.
`dard interface that will allow e-mail features to be built into a variety of software
`products.
`VINES Virtual NEtwork System. A network operating system developed and mar(cid:173)
`keted by Banyan Systems, Westboro, MA. Vines is based on Unix system V. This
`network operating system provides transparent communication across heteroge(cid:173)
`neous networks and is more expansive, although attracting far fewer users, than
`Novell's NetWare.
`VIRTUAL In the telephone industry, 'Virtual" is something that pretends to be
`something it isn't, but can be made to appear to be that thing. A virtual private line
`is effectively a dial up phone line with an auto-dialer on it. To the user, it appears
`to be a private line. (But the phone company can re-sell that capacity when it's not
`in uss.) The concept of "virtual" is to give the telephone company an excuse to
`lower the price to the end user. See VIRTUAL NETWORK.
`VIRTUAL 8086 MODE Virtual 8086 mode allows the Intel 80386 and beyond
`microprocessors to emulate multiple real mode processors and still switch to and
`from protected modem. The processor can load and execute real mode applica(cid:173)
`tions (in virtual 8086 mode), then switch to protected mode and load and execute
`another application that requires access to the full extended memory available.
`The microprocessor, together with a control program like Microsoft Windows a.x
`or OS/2 assumes the responsibility of protecting applications from one another.
`See REAL MODE and PROTECTED MODE.
`VIRTUAL BANDING 1. In WATS services, virtual banding is the ability of
`trunks to carry traffic to all WATS bands, with billing based on the end points of
`the call instead of the band over which the traffic went. 2. MCl's definition: Allows
`customers of Mel's, PRISM, Hotel WATS, and University WATS to call nationwide
`while only paying for the distance to the actual area. For example, if a customer
`calls to a Band 1 area, Band 1 pricing is used. Similarly, if a call is placed to a
`Band 4 area, Band 4 pricing is used.
`VIRTUAL BYPASS Virtual bypass is a way smaller users can fill the unused
`portion of local Tm 1 dedicated loops going from a user site to a local office of a long
`1114
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1010, p. 1114
`
`

`

`NEWTON'S TELECOM DICTIONARY
`distance company, called a POP (Point of Presence).
`YIRTUAL CALL CAPABILITY Provides setup and clearing on a per call basis.
`Each call placed appears to have a dedicated connection for the duration of the call.
`YIRTUAL CELL A call, established over a network, that uses the capabilities of
`either a real or virtual circuit by sharing all or any part of the resources of the cir(cid:173)
`cuit for the duration of the call.
`YIRTUAL CALL CAPABILITY A data communications packet network service
`feature in which a call setup procedure and a ca"-clearing procedure wlll deter(cid:173)
`mine a period of communication between two DTEs. This service requires end-to(cid:173)
`end transfer control of packets within a network. Data may be delivered to the net(cid:173)
`work before the call setup has been completed but it will not be delivered to the
`destination address if the call setup is not successful. The user's data are deliv(cid:173)
`ered from the network in the same order in which they are received by the net(cid:173)
`work. See also VIRTUAL CIRCUIT.
`YIRTUAL CIRCUIT A communications link - voice or data - that appears to
`the user to be a dedicated point-to-point circuit. Virtual circuits are generally set
`up on a per-call basis and disconnected when the call is ended. The concept of a
`virtual circuit was first used in data communications with packet switching. A pack(cid:173)
`etized data call may send packets over different physical paths through a network
`to its destination, but is considered to have a single virtual circuit. Virtual circuits
`have become more common in ultra-high speed applications, like frame relay or
`SMDS. There the connection might be permanently connected like a LAN. When
`the user wants to transmit he simply transmits. There's no dialing in the conven(cid:173)
`tional sense, just the addition of an address field on the information being trans(cid:173)
`mitted. A virtual circuit is referred to as a logical, rather than physical path for a
`call. A virtual voice circuit is anything from as simple as a phone with an auto
`dialer in it to a high-speed link in which voice calls are digitized and send- on the
`equivalent of a ultra high-speed, wide-area equivalent of a local area network.
`There are two basic reasons people buy virtual circuits. They're cheaper and
`faster. See PERMANENT VIRTUAL CIRCUIT.
`YIRTUAL CIRCUIT CAPABILITY A network service feature providing a user
`with a virtual circuit This feature is not necessarily limited to packet mode trans(cid:173)
`mission. e.g., an analog signal may be converted at its network node to a digital
`form, which may then be routed over the network via any available route. See VIR(cid:173)
`TUAL CIRCUIT.
`YIRTUAL CO-LOCATION There are several definitions of this evolving. First:
`Someone other than the local phone company (called an interconnector) can des(cid:173)
`ignate his choice of transmission equipment to be located within a local exchange
`carrier's central office and dedicated to its use. The interconnector would have the
`right to remotely monitor and control the equipment, but the local exchange carri(cid:173)
`er would install, maintain, and repair it. Second; And this is a more restricted def(cid:173)
`inition. Connection is done from sites near telephone central offices, but not with(cid:173)
`in them.
`YIRTUAL COMPUTING A new term for software that shapes computing hard(cid:173)
`ware into hardware that never was. Virtual computing uses FPGAs - Field
`Programmable Gate Arrays. See FPGAs.
`
`1115
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1010, p. 1115
`
`

`

`NEWTON'S TELECOM DICTIONARY
`VIRTUAL CONNECIION A logical connection that is made to a virtual circuit.
`VIRTUAL DEVICE A device that software can refer to but that doesn't physical(cid:173)
`Iyexist.
`VIRTUAL DISK A portion of RAM (Random Access Memory) assigned to sim(cid:173)
`ulate a disk drive. Also called a ram disk. See RAM DISK.
`VIRTUAL HARD DRIVE MEMORY FACTOR The available space on a hard
`drive partition that Windows can address as physical memory.
`VIRTUAL LAN A logical grouping of users regardless of their physical locations
`on the network. Racal-Datacom defines a virtual LAN as "a LAN extended beyond
`its geographical limit and flexibly configured to add or remove locations." LANs are
`typically extended beyond their geographical limits (Le. several thousand feet with(cid:173)
`in a building or campus) by using telephone company facilities, like T-1 , T-3, Sonet,
`etc.
`VIRTUAL MACHINE FACILITY VM/370. An IBM system control program,
`essentially an operating system that controls the concurrent execution of multiple
`virtual machines on a single System/370 mainframe.
`VIRTUAL MACHINE VM. Software that mimics the performance of a hardware
`device. For Intel 80386 and higher processors, a virtual machine is protected
`memory space that is created through the processor's hardware capabilities.
`VIRTUAL MEMORY 1. In computer systems, the memory as it appears to the
`operating programs running in the CPU. This memory may appear smaller, equal
`to, or larger than the real memory present in the system.
`2. The term used with Apple Macintoshes to connote the ability to use disk swap
`files as RAM. This requires the Macintosh to be running System 7 and PMMU. 3.
`The space on your hard disk that Windows NT uses as if it were actually memo(cid:173)
`ry. Windows NT does this through the use of swap files. The benefit of using vir(cid:173)
`tual memory is that you can run more applications at one time than your system's
`physical memory would otherwise allow. The drawbacks are the disk space
`required for the virtual-memory swap file and the decreased execution speed
`when swapping is reburied.
`VIRTUAL MEMORY MANAGER Virtual Memory Manager is a software-only
`approach to Expanded Memory. These work almost identically to the EMS emu(cid:173)
`lators, except that they use your hard disk rather than extended memory as the
`storage medium for blocks of memory copied out of your program. As you can
`imagine, this is painfully s-I-o-w. Use this approach only as a last resort.
`VIRTUAL NETWORK A network that is programmed, not hard-wired, to meet
`a customer's specifications. Created on as-needed basis. Also called Software
`Defined Network by AT&T. See SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORK and VIRTUAL
`PRIVATE NETWORK.
`VIRTUAL PRINTER TECHNOLOGY VPT. Virtual Printer Technology is the
`enterprise network printer architecture developed by Dataproducts Corporation
`that enables a printer to become an intelligent node in a networked computing
`environment and provide printing services to other network nodes through a
`Client/Server type relationship.
`VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK A carrier-provided service in which the pub-
`1116
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1010, p. 1116
`
`