rt I.’
`
`{Q%'»\J ADRIfl' KING
`
`et1 10ner V 1CI‘OSO t
`
`0 Ora 10n
`
`X.
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1007, p. x
`
`

`
`osoft Corporation, Ex. 1007, Spine
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1007, Spine
`
`

`
`Potitioner Microsoft Co oration EX. 1007 Title
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1007, Title
`
`

`
`THE
`
`IN-DEPTH.
`
`STORY BEHIND
`
`WINDows“95—
`
`THE PHILOSOPHY.
`
`DESIGN.
`
`AND ARCHITECTURE
`
`OF THE
`
`NEXT GENERATION
`
`OF MICROSOFT WINDOWS
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1007, Title
`
`

`
`

`
`I
`
`N
`
`s
`
`I
`
`D
`
`E
`
`ADRIAN KING
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Co oration;i’EX. 1007 Title
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1007, Title
`
`

`
`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`
`Copyright© 1994 by Adrian King
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or
`transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`King, Adrian, 1953-
`Inside Windows 95 I Adrian King.
`p.
`em.
`Includes index.
`ISBN 1-55615-626-X
`1. Windows (Computer programs)
`I. Title.
`file)
`QA76.76.W56K56 1994
`005.4' 469--dc20
`
`2. Microsoft Windows (Computer
`
`93-48485
`CIP
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`
`123456789 QMQM 987654
`
`Distributed to the book trade in Canada by Macmillan of Canada, a division of Canada Publishing
`Corporation.
`
`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
`
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further information
`about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office. Or contact Microsoft Press
`International directly at fax (206) 936-7329.
`
`PageMaker is a registered trademark of Aldus Corporation. Apple, AppleTalk, LaserWriter, Mac,
`Macintosh, and TrueType are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. LANtastic is a registered
`trademark of Artisoft, Inc. Banyan and Vines are registered trademarks of Banyan Systems, Inc.
`Compaq is a registered trademark of Compaq Computer Corporation. CompuServe is a registered
`trademark of CompuServe, Inc. Alpha AXP, DEC, and Path works are trademarks of Digital Equipment
`Corporation. LAN step is a trademark of Hayes Microcomputer Products, Inc. HP and Laser Jet are
`registered trademarks of Hewlett-Packard Company. Intel is a registered trademark and EtherExpress,
`Pentium, and SX are trademarks oflntel Corporation. COMDEX is a registered trademark oflnterface
`Group-Nevada, Inc. AS/400, IBM, Micro Channel, OS/2, and PS/2 are registered trademarks and PC/
`XT is a trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. 1-2-3, Lotus, and Notes are
`registered trademarks of Lotus Development Corporation. Microsoft, MS, MS-DOS, and XENIX are
`registered trademarks and ODBC, Win32s, Windows, Windows NT, and the Windows operating system
`logo are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. MIPS is a registered trademark and R4000 is a trade(cid:173)
`mark of MIPS Computer Systems, Inc. NetWare and Novell are registered trademarks of Novell, Inc.
`Soft-Ice/W is a registered trademark ofNu-Mega Technologies, Inc. DESQview is a registered trade(cid:173)
`mark and Qemm is a trademark of Quarterdeck Office Systems. OpenGL is a trademark of Silicon
`Graphics, Inc. PC-NFS, Sun, and Sun Microsystems are registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc.
`TOPS is a registered trademark of TOPS, a Sun Microsystems company. UNIX is a registered trademark
`of UNIX Systems Laboratories.
`
`Acquisitions Editor: Mike Halvorson
`Project Editor: Erin O'Connor
`Technical Editors: Seth McEvoy and Dail Magee,Jr.
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1007, Copyright
`
`

`
`CONTENTS SUMMARY
`
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
`Foreword
`Preface ..................................................... xxi
`Introduction ................................................ xxv
`
`CHAPTER ONE
`THE ROAD TO CHICAGO .................... 1
`CHAPTER TWO
`INTEL PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE ......... 33
`CHAPTER THREE
`A TOUR OF CHICAGO ..................... 63
`CHAPTER FOUR
`THE BASE SYSTEM ....................... 103
`CHAPTER FIVE
`THE USER INTERFACE AND THE SHELL ...... 157
`CHAPTER SIX
`APPLICATIONS AND DEVICES .............. 223
`CHAPTER SEVEN
`THE FILESYSTEM ........................ 275
`CHAPTER EIGHT
`PLUG AND PLAY ......................... 309
`CHAPTER NINE
`NETWORKING ........................... 341
`CHAPTER TEN
`MOBILE COMPUTING ..................... 381
`EPILOGUE
`LEAVING CHICAGO ...................... 407
`Glossary ................................................... 427
`Index ..................................................... 455
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1007, Contents Summary
`
`

`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`

`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
`Foreword
`Preface ..................................................... xxi
`Introduction ................................................ xxv
`
`CHAPTER ONE
`THE ROAD TO CHICAGO ......................... 1
`The Mission for Windows 95 .................................. 3
`Help for the End User ................................... 3
`Hardware Platforms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
`For the Developer-32 Bits at Last ......................... 5
`Shall We Go to Chicago or Cairo? .............................. 6
`First Stop-Chicago .................................... 7
`Clients and Servers ..................................... 8
`And On to Cairo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0
`Summary ............................................ 12
`Project Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
`Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
`The Compatibility Fallback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
`Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
`Robustness-Adieu UAE? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
`Timely Product Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
`Easy Setup and Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
`The Plug and Play Initiative ......................... 20
`Configuring Windows .............................. 21
`User-Level Operations ............................. 21
`New Shell and User Interface ............................ 22
`The New Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
`Complete Protected Mode Operating System ............... 23
`32-Bit Application Support .............................. 24
`The Jump to 32 Bits ............................... 26
`Networking and Mobile Computing ....................... 27
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1007, p. v
`
`

`
`INSIDE WINDOWS 95
`
`Bringing Windows 95 to Market. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
`For Microsoft-The Bottom Line .......................... 30
`Conclusion ............................................... 31
`
`CHAPTER TWO
`INTEL PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE .......... 33
`Intel Inside ............................................... 34
`The Intel Processor Family .................................. 35
`Backward Compatibility ................................ 36
`Processor Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
`The 8080 and 8086 Processors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
`The 640K Barrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
`The 80286 Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
`The 80386 Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
`80386 Memory Addressing .................................. 45
`80386 Descriptor Format ............................... 45
`The Descriptor in Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
`Virtual Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
`Virtual Memory Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
`Good Virtual Memory Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
`Mixing 286 and 386 Programs ........................... 54
`The Protection System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
`Memory Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
`Operating System Protection ............................ 56
`Device Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
`Low-Level Device Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
`High-Level Device Access .......................... 58
`Using the 80386 Device Protection Capabilities ......... 59
`Virtual 8086 Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
`Conclusion ............................................... 61
`
`CHAPTER THREE
`A TOUR OF CHICAGO ........................... &3
`System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
`The Base System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
`Windows and Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
`
`vi
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1007, p. vi
`
`

`
`Table of Contents
`
`Virtual Machines .......................................... 68
`Windows Virtual Machines .............................. 70
`Initialization ...................................... 70
`The System Virtual Machine ......................... 71
`MS-DOS Virtual Machines .......................... 72
`Protected Mode MS-DOS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
`DPMI ........................................... 74
`Multitasking and Scheduling ................................. 75
`Multitasking Models ................................... 76
`Critical Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
`Processes in Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
`Modules ............................................. 80
`API Support .............................................. 81
`Dynamic Linking ...................................... 82
`Support from the Base System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
`Memory Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
`Application Virtual Memory .............................. 86
`Heap Allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
`Windows 95 Application Memory Management .......... 87
`System Memory Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
`Windows Device Support ................................... 90
`Device Virtualization ................................... 90
`Minidrivers .......................... : . ............... 91
`The Windows Interface ..................................... 92
`What Is a Window? .................................... 92
`Windows 95 User Interface Design ....................... 95
`Windows Programming Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
`Event Driven Programming .............................. 96
`Message Handling .................................... 97
`Program Resources ................................... 99
`Windows 95 Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
`Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
`References .............................................. 101
`
`CHAPTER FOUR
`THE BASE SYSTEM .............................. 103
`Windows 95 Diagrammed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 04
`
`vii
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1007, p. vii
`
`

`
`INSIDE WINDOWS 95
`
`Windows 95 Surveyed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 106
`Protection Rings in Windows 95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
`Windows 95 Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
`Tasks and Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
`Virtual Machine Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
`Real MS-DOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
`Virtual Machine Scheduling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
`The Windows 95 Schedulers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
`Scheduling Within the System Virtual Machine . . . . . . . . . 116
`Controlling the Scheduler .......................... 116
`Threads and UAEs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
`Threads and Idle Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
`Application Message Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
`Physical Memory Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
`Virtual Memory Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
`Memory Mapped Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
`Reserving Virtual Address Space. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
`Private Heaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
`Virtual Machine Manager Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
`Calling Virtual Machine Manager Services ................. 131
`VMM Callbacks .................................. 131
`Loading VxDs ................................... 132
`The Shell VxD ................................... 134
`Getting Around in Ring Zero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
`Calling Windows 95 Base OS Services ............... 137
`Calling from One VxD to Another . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
`VMM Service Groups ................................. 140
`Application Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
`The API Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
`Mixing 16-Bit and 32-Bit Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
`The Win32 Subsystem ............................ 147
`Internal Synchronization ........................... 149
`Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
`References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
`
`viii
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1007, p. viii
`
`

`
`Table of Contents
`
`CHAPTER FIVE
`THE USER INTERFACE AND THE SHELL ..... 157
`Improving on Windows 3.0 and 3.1 ........................... 159
`System Configuration and Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
`Program Manager, File Manager, Task Manager . . . . . . . . 160
`Control Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
`Consistency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
`Visuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
`Scalability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
`Concepts Guiding the New User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
`The Document-Centric Interface ........................ 166
`Look and Feel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
`The Windows 95 Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
`Folders and Shortcuts in the Windows 95 Shell . . . . . . . . . 170
`Desktop Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
`System Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
`The Initial Desktop ............................... 174
`The Desktop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
`The Taskbar .................................... 179
`On-Screen Appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
`Light Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
`Property Sheets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
`Online Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
`Implementation ...................................... 188
`Design Retrospective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
`The Outside Influences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
`The Development of the Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
`Changes in the Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
`The Taskbar .................................... 194
`Folders and Browsing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
`Animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
`The Transfer Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
`Other Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
`The New Appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
`Screen Appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
`Visual Elements ...................................... 201
`Scalability ...................................... 201
`
`ix
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1007, p. ix
`
`

`
`INSIDE WINDOWS 95
`
`Menus ......................................... 202
`Window Buttons ................................. 204
`Icons .......................................... 204
`Proportional Scroll Box and Sizing Handle ............ 205
`New Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
`Tool Bar Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
`Button List Box Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
`Status Window Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
`Column Heading Control .......................... 207
`Progress Indicator Control ......................... 208
`Slider Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
`Spin Box Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
`Rich Text Control ........ ' ......................... 209
`Tab Control ..................................... 209
`Property Sheet Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
`List View and Tree View Controls .................... 210
`New Dialog Boxes .................................... 210
`File Open Dialog ................................. 211
`Page Setup Dialog ............................... 213
`Long Filenames .......................................... 213
`Windows 95 Support for MS-DOS Applications ................. 215
`Application Guidelines for Windows 95 ........................ 217
`Follow the Style Guidelines ............................. 218
`Support Long Filenames ............................... 218
`Support UNC Pathnames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
`Register Document and Data Types,
`and Support Drag and Drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
`Use Common Dialogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
`Reduce Multiple Instances of an Application ............... 219
`Be Consistent with the Shell ............................ 219
`Revise Online Help ................................... 219
`Support OLE Functionality ............................. 220
`Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
`Reference .............................................. 221
`
`X
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1007, p. x
`
`

`
`Table of Contents
`
`CHAPTER SIX
`APPLICATIONS AND DEVICES ................. 223
`The Win32 API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
`Goals for Win32. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
`Components of the Win32 API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
`The Win32 API on Windows 95 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
`Porting to the Win32 API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
`Porting Tools .................................... 229
`API Changes .................................... 230
`Memory Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
`Version Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
`Nonportable APis ................................ 233
`Win32 on Windows 95. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
`Security APis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
`Console APis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
`32-Bit Coordinate System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
`Unicode APis ................................... 235
`Server APis ..................................... 236
`Printer Support .................................. 236
`Service Control Manager APis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
`Event Logging .................................. 236
`Detailed Differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
`Programming for Windows 95 ............................... 238
`Multitasking ......................................... 238
`Memory Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
`Plug and Play Support ................................ 241
`The Registry ........................................ 242
`The User Interface ................................... 245
`OLE ............................................... 245
`International Support ................................. 248
`Structured Exception Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
`The Graphics Device Interface .............................. 252
`GDI Architecture ..................................... 255
`Performance Improvements ........................ 256
`Limit Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
`New Graphics Features ........................... 257
`
`xi
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1007, p. xi
`
`

`
`INSIDE WINDOWS 95
`
`TrueType ....................................... 258
`Metafile Support ................................. 258
`Image Color Matching ................................ 259
`Color Profiles ................................... 261
`Communicating Color Information ................... 261
`The Display Subsystem .................................... 262
`The DIB Engine ...................................... 265
`The Display Mini-Driver ................................ 266
`Bank-Switched Video Adapters ..................... 267
`Interfacing with the DIB Engine ..................... 268
`The Printing Subsystem .................................... 269
`Printing Architecture .................................. 270
`The Printing Process .................................. 270
`Using the Universal Printer Driver ........................ 272
`Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4
`References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4
`
`CHAPTER SEVEN
`THE FILESYSTEM ................................ 275
`Overview of the Architecture ................................ 277
`Long Filename Support .................................... 281
`Storing Long Filenames ............................... 282
`Generating Short Filenames ............................ 288
`MS-DOS Support for Long Filenames ..................... 289
`Long Filenames on Other Systems ....................... 291
`lnstallable Filesystem Manager .............................. 291
`Calling a Filesystem Driver ............................. 293
`Filesystem Drivers ........................................ 294
`FSD Entry Points ..................................... 295
`1/0 Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
`Device Driver Initialization .............................. 298
`Controlling an 1/0 Request ............................. 299
`Calldown Chains ................................. 300
`Asynchronous Driver Events ............................ 301
`Interfacing to the Hardware ............................ 302
`Initialization ..................................... 302
`Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
`Interrupt ....................................... 303
`
`xii
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1007, p. xii
`
`

`
`Table of Contents
`
`Other Layers in the Filesystem Hierarchy ...................... 303
`Volume Tracking Drivers ............................... 304
`Type Specific Drivers ................................. 305
`SCSI Manager ....................................... 306
`Real Mode Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
`Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
`References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
`
`CHAPTER EIGHT
`PLUG AND PLAY ................................. 309
`Why Do We Need Another Standard? ..................... 310
`History of the Plug and Play Project .......................... 312
`Goals for Plug and Play .................................... 314
`Easy Installation and Configuration of New Devices ......... 315
`Support for a New Hardware Standard ............... 315
`New ISA Board Standard .......................... 317
`Seamless Dynamic Configuration Changes ................ 318
`Compatibility with the Installed Base and Old Peripherals ..... 319
`Operating System and Hardware Independence ............ 320
`Reduced Complexity and Increased Flexibility of Hardware ... 320
`The Components of Plug and Play ........................... 321
`How the Subsystem Fits Together ........................ 325
`After a System Configuration Change .. _; .............. 328
`Hardware Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
`Device Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
`Device Identifiers ................................ 331
`Hardware Information Databases ........................ 332
`Plug and Play Events ................................. 333
`Configuration Manager ................................ 333
`Enumerators ........................................ 334
`Resource Arbitrators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
`Plug and Play BIOS ................................... 336
`Plug and Play Device Drivers ........................... 337
`Applications in a Plug and Play System ....................... 338
`Conclusion .............................................. 339
`References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
`
`xiii
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1007, p. xiii
`
`

`
`INSIDE WINDOWS 95
`
`CHAPTER NINE
`NETWORKING .................................... 341
`Windows Networking History ........................... 342
`Networking Goals ........................................ 346
`Network Software Architecture .............................. 347
`WOSA ............................................. 348
`Network Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
`Network Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
`The Multiple Provider Router ................................ 355
`32-Bit Networking APis ................................ 357
`Network Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
`Connection APis ................................. 358
`Enumeration APis ................................ 359
`Error Reporting APis .............................. 360
`Local Device Name APis .......................... 360
`UNC APis ...................................... 360
`Password Cache API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
`Authentication Dialog API .......................... 361
`Interfacing to the Network Provider ...................... 361
`The Network Provider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
`Network Provider Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
`Device Redirection SPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
`Shell SPI ....................................... 365
`Enumeration SPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
`Authentication SPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
`Network Transports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
`Network Device Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
`Network Driver Compatibility ....................... 369
`Network Configurations ................................ 370
`The Network Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
`Server Components .................................. 373
`Network Printing ......................................... 375
`Network Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
`Access Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
`Share-Level Security .................................. 379
`User-Level Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
`Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
`Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
`
`xiv
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1007, p. xiv
`
`

`
`Table of Contents
`
`CHAPTER TEN
`MOBILE COMPUTING ........................... 381
`Remote Communications Support ............................ 382
`Remote Network Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
`Types of Remote Access .......................... 386
`The Telephony API ................................... 389
`Telephony Applications ........................... 390
`Modem Support ..................................... 391
`The Communications Driver ............................ 392
`The Info Center .......................................... 394
`Info Center Applications ............................... 396
`Messaging APis ..................................... 396
`Messaging Service Providers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
`Portable System Support ................................... 398
`Power Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
`Docking Station Support ............................... 399
`File Synchronization ....................................... 400
`The Briefcase API .................................... 403
`Conclusion .............................................. 404
`
`EPILOGUE
`LEAVING CHICAGO ............................. 407
`
`Glossary ................................................... 427
`Index ..................................................... 455
`
`XV
`
`Petitioner Microsoft Corporation, Ex. 1007, p. xv
`
`

`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`

`
`FOREWORD
`
`I first met Adrian King in 1981, on the floor of a trade show in
`Amsterdam. I was new to Microsoft-a small company of 75 people
`with $7.5 million in revenues-and I was on my first trip to Europe to
`meet customers and distribution partners. The trade show turned ou