IEEE Std 100-1992
`
`The New IEEE Standard Dictionary
`of Electrical and Electronics Terms
`[Including Abstracts of All Current IEEE Standards]
`
`Fifth Edition
`
`Gediminas P. Kurpis, Chair
`
`Christopher J. Booth, Editor
`
`1
`
`GOOGLE 1010
`
`

`

`The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
`345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USA
`
`Copyright © 1993 by the
`Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
`All rights reserved. Published 1993
`Printed in the United States of America
`
`ISBN 1-55937-240-0
`
`No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form,
`in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
`without the prior written permission of the publisher.
`
`January 15, 1993
`
`SH15594
`
`2
`
`

`

`high-level fl.ring time
`
`598
`
`high-power-factor transformer
`
`(less negative) of the two ranges of the logic
`levels chosen to represent the logic states.
`91-1984
`
`high-level fl.ring time (microwave) (switching
`tubes). The time required to establish a radio(cid:173)
`frequency discharge in the tube after the
`application of radio-frequency power. See: gas
`tubes.
`161-197lw, [45)
`
`(high-level
`(1)
`(HLL)
`language
`high-level
`microprocessor
`language). High-level
`lan(cid:173)
`guage to be extended by IEEE trial use Std
`755-1985. HLLs so extended are sometimes
`!mown as Implementation languages.
`755-1985w
`729-1983
`
`(2). See: higher order language.
`
`high-level language. See: high-order language.
`610.12-1990
`
`high-level modulation. Modulation produced at
`a point in a system where the power level
`approximates that at the output of the system.
`145-1983, 182-196lw
`
`high-level radio-frequency signal (1) (micro(cid:173)
`wave gas tubes). A radio-frequency signal of
`sufficient power to cause the tube to become
`fired. See: gas tubes.
`161-197lw
`(2) (microwave gas tubes) (nonlinear, active,
`and nonreciprocal waveguide components).
`A radio-frequency signal above the threshold
`power level necessary to cause the tube to
`become nonlinear (fired). See: gas tube; limit(cid:173)
`ing threshold; below-threshold firing time.
`457-1982
`
`high-level voltage standing-wave ratio (micro(cid:173)
`wave switching tubes) (nonlinear, active,
`and nonreciprocal waveguide components).
`The voltage standing-wave ratio caused by a
`fired tube located between a generator and
`matched termination in the waveguide. See:
`gas tube.
`161-197lw, 457-1982
`
`highlight. (A) A technique In which a display ele(cid:173)
`ment is emphasized through visual modifica(cid:173)
`tion such as blinking, brightening, or Intensity
`modulation. (Bl To draw attention to a display
`element by visual modification as In (A). See
`also: blink.
`610.6-1991
`
`high lights (any metal article). Those portions
`that are most exposed to buffing or polishing
`operations, and hence have the highest luster.
`[ 119]
`
`high-limit temperature (electrical heat trac(cid:173)
`ing for industrial applications). The maxi(cid:173)
`mum allowable heat-tracing system tempera(cid:173)
`ture.
`l 52- l 953w
`
`high-low signaling (telephone switching sys(cid:173)
`tems). A method of loop signaling in which a
`high-resistance bridge ls used to Indicate an
`on-hook condition and a low resistance bridge
`Is used to indicate an off-hook condition.
`312-1977w
`
`higher-order language. See: high-order lan-
`guage.
`610.12-1990
`high-order language (HOL). A programming lan(cid:173)
`guage that requires little knowledge of the
`computer on which a program will run, can be
`translated into several different machine lan(cid:173)
`guages, allows symbolic naming of operations
`and addresses, provides features designed to
`facilitate expression of data structures and
`program logic, and usually results in several
`machine Instructions for each program state(cid:173)
`ment. Examples include Ada, COBOL, FOR(cid:173)
`TRAN, ALGOL, PASCAL. Syn: high level lan(cid:173)
`guage;
`higher
`order
`language;
`third
`generation language. Contrast with: assembly
`language; fifth generation language; fourth
`generation language; machine language.
`610.12-1990
`high-order. Pertaining to the left-most digit or
`digits of a numeral.
`610.1
`high-order position. The leftmost position In a
`string; for example, the Jetter 'A' In 'APPLE' or
`the digit 9 In 965. Contrast with: low-order
`position. See also: most significant charac(cid:173)
`ter; most significant digit.
`610.5-1990
`high-pass filter (data transmission) (harmonic
`control and reactive compensation of static
`power converters). A filter having a single
`transmission band extending from some cutoff
`frequency (not zero) up to infinite frequency.
`599-1985w, 519-1981
`high peaking. The introduction of an amplitude(cid:173)
`frequency characteristic having a higher rela(cid:173)
`tive response at the higher frequencies. See:
`television.
`(34)
`high pot (hi-pot). See: high-potential test.
`high-potential test (power operations). A test
`that consists of the application of a voltage
`higher than the rated voltage for a specified
`time for the purpose of determining the ade(cid:173)
`quacy against breakdown of Insulating materi(cid:173)
`als and spacings under normal conditions.
`Note: The test ls used as a proof test of new
`apparatus, a maintenance test on older equip(cid:173)
`ment, or as one method of evaluating develop(cid:173)
`mental insulation systems. Syn: high pot (hi(cid:173)
`pot).
`858-1987
`high-power-factor mercury-lamp ballast. A
`multiple-supply
`type power-factor-corrected
`ballast, so designed that the input current is at
`a power factor of not Jess than 90 percent
`when the ballast ls operated with center rated
`voltage impressed upon Its input terminals
`and with a connected load, consisting of the
`appropriate reference lamp(s). operated in the
`position for which the ballast is designed. (97)
`high-power-factor
`transformer (power and
`distribution transformer). A high-reactance
`transformer that has a power-factor-correcting
`device, such as a capacitor, so that the input
`current is at a power factor of not Jess than 90
`
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`

`

`blind spot
`
`116
`
`block diagram
`
`get changes its distance by one-half wave(cid:173)
`length, or a multiple thereof, during each pulse
`repetition interval.
`686-1982
`
`blind spot (surge testing for equipment con(cid:173)
`nected to low-voltage ac power circuits). A
`limited range within the total domain of appli(cid:173)
`cation of a device, generally at values Inferior
`to
`the maximum rating. Operation of the
`equipment or the protective device itself might
`fail in that limited range despite the device's
`demonstration of satisfactory performance at
`maximum ratings.
`C62.45-1987
`
`blind study. See: double-blind study; single-
`blind study.
`539-1990
`
`blink. A technique in which a display element is
`alternately blanked and displayed. See also:
`610.6-1991
`highlight.
`
`blinker signal. See: Morse signal light.
`
`[navigation aid
`systems)
`(pulse
`blinking
`terms). A method of providing information by
`modifying the signal at its source so that the
`signal presentation on the display at the
`receiver alternately appears and disappears,
`for example, in loran, blinking is used to
`indicate that the signals of a pair of stations
`are out of synchronization.
`1 72-1983
`
`blip (1) (radar) (navigation aid terms). A deflec(cid:173)
`tion or a spot of contrasting luminescence on a
`radar display caused by the presence of a tar(cid:173)
`get.
`1 72-1983, 686-1982,
`(2] (computer applications). See: document
`mark.
`610.2-1987
`
`blip-scan ratio (radar). The fraction of scans on
`which a blip is observed at a given range.
`Corresponds to probability of detection when
`observer's Integration time is less than scan
`period.
`686-1982
`
`block (1) (microprocessor operating systems).
`A group of data that is contiguous in nature.
`855-1985
`(2) (data transmission). (AJ A set of things,
`such as words, characters, or digits handled as
`a unit. (BJ A collection of contiguous records
`recorded as a unit. (CJ In data communica(cid:173)
`tions, a group of contiguous characters formed
`for transmission purposes.
`599- l 985w
`(3) (railway practice). A length of track of
`defined limits on which the movement of trains
`is governed by block signals, cab signals, or
`both. See: absolute block.
`[ 119]
`(conductor stringing equipment). A
`(4)
`device designed with one or more single
`sheaves, a wood or metal shell, and an attach(cid:173)
`ment hook or shackle. When rope is reeved
`through two of these devices, the assembly is
`commonly referred to as a block and tackle. A
`set of 4s refers to a block and tackle arrange(cid:173)
`ment utilizing two 4-inch double sheave blocks
`to obtain four load bearing lines. Similarly, a
`set of 5s or a set of 6s refers to the same num(cid:173)
`ber of load bearing lines obtained using two 5-
`
`inch or two 6-inch double sheave blocks,
`respectively. Syn: set of 4s; set of 5s; set of
`6s.
`524-1980
`(5) (relaying). An output signal of constant
`amplitude and specified polarity derived from
`an alternating input and with the duration
`controlled by the polarity of the Input quan(cid:173)
`tity.
`C37.100-1981
`(6) (software).(A) A group of contiguous stor(cid:173)
`age locations, computer program statements,
`records, words, characters, or bits that are
`treated as a unit. Syn: data block. See also:
`block-structured language; delimiter. (Bl To
`form a group as in (AJ. Contrast with: deblock.
`610.5-1990, 610.12-1990
`(7) (computer applications). In text editing
`and text formatting, one or more contiguous
`characters or lines of text. See also: block
`operation.
`610.2-1987
`(8) (as applied to static relay design) (power
`switchgear). An output signal of constant
`amplitude and specified polarity derived from
`an alternating input and with the duration
`controlled by the polarity of the input quan(cid:173)
`tity.
`C37.100-1981
`(9) (city, town, or village) (National Electri(cid:173)
`cal Code). A square or portion of a city, town,
`or village enclosed by streets and including the
`alleys so enclosed but not any street.
`[86]
`
`block allocation. See: paging (A). 610.12-1990
`
`block and tackle. See: rope block.
`
`516-1987
`
`block-block element (power switchgear). A sig-
`nal element In which two blocks are compared
`as to coincidence or sequence. C3 7 .100-1981
`
`(communication practice). A
`block cable
`distribution cable installed on poles or outside
`building walls, In the Interior of a block,
`including cable run within buildings from the
`point of entrance to a cross-connecting box,
`terminal frame, or point of connection to house
`cable. See: cable.
`[1191
`
`block copy (computer applications). In text
`editing, an operation that copies a block of text
`from one point to another within a file or
`between files, leaving the original block of text
`intact. Contrast with: block move. 610.2-1987
`
`block count readout. Display of the number of
`blocks that have been read from the tape
`derived by counting each block as it is read.
`See: sequence number readout.
`[611
`
`block delete (computer applications). In text
`editing, an operation that removes a block of
`text from a file.
`610.2-1987
`
`block diagram (software). A diagram of a
`system, computer, or device In which the
`principal parts are represented by suitably
`annotated geometrical figures to show both the
`functions of the parts and their functional
`relationships. Syn: configuration diagram;
`system
`resources chart. See also: box
`diagram; bubble chart; flowchart; graph;
`
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