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`2
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`
`FILE HISTORY
`US 5,754,946
`
`5,754,946
`PATENT:
`INVENTORS: Cameron, Dennis Wayne
`Roehr, Walter Charles
`Petrovic, Rade
`Bhagat, Jai P.
`Garahi, Masood
`Hays, William D.
`Ackerman, David W.
`
`TITLE:
`
`Nationwide communication system
`
`APPLICATION
`NO:
`FILED:
`ISSUED:
`
`US1993124219A
`
`21 SEP 1993
`19 MAY 1998
`
`COMPILED:
`
`26 FEB 2016
`
`3
`
`

`
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`4
`
`

`
`5,754,946
`NATIONWIDE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
`Transaction History
`
`Transaction Description
`Date
`10-15-1993 Notice of Incomplete Application - Filing Date Not Assigned
`11-09-1993 Petition Entered
`11-10-1993 Mail-Petition Decision - Granted
`02-28-1994 Application Is Now Complete
`03-11-1994 Application Captured on Microfilm
`03-28-1994 Case Docketed to Examiner in GAU
`05-02-1994 Non-Final Rejection
`05-05-1994 Mail Non-Final Rejection
`11-01-1994 Response after Non-Final Action
`11-01-1994
`Incoming Letter Pertaining to the Drawings
`11-01-1994 Request for Extension of Time - Granted
`11-17-1994 Date Forwarded to Examiner
`01-19-1995 Non-Final Rejection
`01-23-1995 Mail Non-Final Rejection
`05-23-1995 Response after Non-Final Action
`05-23-1995 Request for Extension of Time - Granted
`06-05-1995 Date Forwarded to Examiner
`08-07-1995 Final Rejection
`08-08-1995 Mail Final Rejection (PTOL - 326)
`12-20-1995 Examiner Interview Summary Record (PTOL - 413)
`01-11-1996 Response after Final Action
`01-11-1996 Request for Extension of Time - Granted
`02-05-1996 Date Forwarded to Examiner
`02-07-1996 Request under Rule 129 to Reopen Prosecution
`02-07-1996 Mail Express Abandonment (During Examination)
`02-07-1996 Express Abandonment (during Examination)
`02-07-1996 Request for Extension of Time - Granted
`02-07-1996 Advisory Action (PTOL-303)
`02-08-1996 Mail Advisory Action (PTOL - 303)
`02-28-1996 Date Forwarded to Examiner
`05-13-1996 Non-Final Rejection
`05-17-1996 Mail Non-Final Rejection
`11-12-1996 Response after Non-Final Action
`11-12-1996 Request for Extension of Time - Granted
`12-02-1996 Date Forwarded to Examiner
`02-18-1997 Final Rejection
`02-20-1997 Mail Final Rejection (PTOL - 326)
`08-19-1997 Notice of Appeal Filed
`08-19-1997 Request for Extension of Time - Granted
`10-28-1997 Mail Notice of Allowance
`10-28-1997 Notice of Allowance Data Verification Completed
`10-28-1997 Mail Examiner's Amendment
`10-28-1997 Examiner's Amendment Communication
`12-22-1997
`Issue Fee Payment Verified
`12-22-1997 Mailroom Date of Drawing(s)
`01-10-1998 Drawing(s) Received at Publications
`03-06-1998 Drawing(s) Matched to Application
`03-12-1998 Drawing(s) Processing Completed
`04-13-1998
`Issue Notification Mailed
`05-19-1998 Recordation of Patent Grant Mailed
`08-08-2006 Correspondence Address Change
`08-09-2006 Change in Power of Attorney (May Include Associate POA)
`11-19-2013 Correspondence Address Change
`
`5
`
`

`
`11-20-2013 Email Notification
`11-20-2013 Change in Power of Attorney (May Include Associate POA)
`(cid:3)
`
`6
`
`

`
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`8124219
`‘CONTENTS
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`F‘
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`
`INTERFERENCE SEARCHED
`
`(RIGHT OUTSIDE)
`
`10
`
`10
`
`

`
`the microcomputer 41% waits for an **acknowledge** (ACK)
`At step 622,
`response from the microcomputer 420. If a negative **aoknowledge** (NAK)
`is received or if there is no response after a predetermined time-out
`period,
`the computer 414 transfers control back.
`DETDESC:
`
`DETD(79}
`
`for example a
`the station 210 sounds an alarm,
`yet due,
`.
`.
`If .
`distinctive series of pulse tones, and sends an appropriate **error**
`message to the nurse station 300. If, as set forth above,
`the patient
`station 210 is equipped with a **display** device,
`the **error** message
`may also be **displayed** on the patient station **disp1ay**.
`DETDESC:
`
`11
`
`11
`
`

`
`DETD(7D)
`
`6 is a flow diagram of the RESTART routine of the base unit
`FIG.
`computer program for the microcomputer 100 of FIG.
`4 for implementing the
`invention. The program is entered at block 200 upon power up and
`initialization occurs as illustrated at 202. The RAM, clock, ports, and
`code plug are tested at 204 and if an error is detected, an **error**
`code is **displayed**, as illustrated at 206, after which the system
`waits for restart to be initiated by the operator as indicated at 208. If
`no error is detected,
`the routine continues instead to block 210
`displaying a start message on the display 98 and proceeds to 212 to test
`for the presence of the programmer module. If the programmer module
`option exists the program flow proceeds to block 214 and then to the PROM
`PROGRAMMER HANDLER routine. If no PROM programmer option exists,
`then the
`routine-proceeds to blocks 216 and 218 to activate the printer to print a
`predetermined herald and log on information. The routine then transfers
`control to the PSK RECEIVE routine.
`
`DETDESC:
`
`12
`
`12
`
`

`
`[19]
`United States Patent
`5,754,946
`[11] Patent Number:
`Cameron et al.
`[451 Date of Patent: May 19, 1998
`
`
`
`USUU575494-6A
`
`[54]
`
`[75]
`
`NATIONWIDE COMIVIUNICATION SYSTEM
`
`Inventors: Dennis Wayiw Cameron. Jackson.
`Miss.‘. Walter Charles Roelttr. Rgston.
`V'a.: Ride Pm-ovic. Oxford. Missr. hi
`I! Bhagat. Jackson. Misn: Maaood
`Garahi. Madison. M.iss.', ‘Wil1|a.nI D.
`Hays. Jaclnson. Miss.; David W.
`Ackemun. Washington. D.C.
`
`[731
`
`Assiguee:
`
`Mohlle Telcoonrmnrioalion
`Technologies. Jackson. Miss.
`
`[21]
`[22]
`
`Appl. No.:
`Filed:
`
`124.219
`
`Sap. 21. 1993
`
`[63]
`
`[Si]
`[52]
`
`[53]
`
`[561
`
`R1.-htod US. Appfiutlon Data
`Ccnlinuation-1n~
`of Ser. No. 973.918. Nov. 12, I992.
`Pat No. 5,590,403.
`Int. cl.“ -...
`U.S. cu.
`
`nun mo
`4ssr.ss.1—. 4552512; 455a'6i‘.7;
`34ors2s.44
`.. 45533.1. 54.1.
`.
`Held ofselrclt ..................
`45554.2. 56.1. 69. s .422. 423. 424. 425.
`s11.s24.32.1.3s.1.3a.4.57.1.5':.7;3:-or95.3.
`235. 2.35. 252. 522-. 34cvs2s.-14. 311.1
`
`Rdelences Cited
`U.S. 1=.a:rnr~rr DOCUMENTS
`911987 0‘Sn1iivan ......................... 45553.1
`
`-1>,69'?'.25l
`
`..
`211989 Wi‘l.'|.atv:ie‘l al.
`4.803.437
` 5.153.582 1011992 Davis
`
`FOREIGN PKIEWT DOCUNIENTS
`
`34ili'8?.S.44
`340011 I
`
`82'.I'l5
`18I24l
`
`..... 455$?
`
`455369
`
`Japan
`311939
`Japan ....
`Ta'19l9
`OTHER P'lJ'BI...[C£{l'IONS
`‘Telecommunications Protocols and Design” by Spragins at
`31 Feb. 1991
`
`Primary Erapnfner-Reinhard J. Eiscnzopf
`Assistant Emmirwr-—1T|anh Le
`Amome); Agent, or Firm—Finn:gan. Henderson. Farabow.
`Garrett & Dunner. LLP.
`
`[57]
`
`ABSTRACF
`
`A two-way communication system for communication
`bctwecn a systcm network and a mobile unit. The system
`network includes a plurality of base transmiltnrs and base
`receivers included in the network. The base transmitters are
`divided into zonal nssignrnants and broadcast in simulcast
`using nu.ilti~ca.1-rior modulation techniques. The system net-
`work controls the base tnmsrnilters to txoadcaat i.n simulcast
`during both syslemwide and zonal time intervals. The sys-
`tem network dynamically alters zone boundaries to masti-
`mizc information tl'I.roI.Ighput. The system also uses a mobile
`unit which receives Inessagcs from the network and Inns-
`mits messages to the network. The mobile unit includes a
`switch that allows a user laurbquest die network mrcuansmil
`a received message that contains errors.
`
`9ClaIms,30DrawiIIgSh¢ets
`
`Mobile Tra
`
`nsceiver
`
`I592
`necnn musim
`
`‘Lj-
`
`/
`
`,
`
`. .,«Et16..__.__.
`Receiver
`
`I500
`
`1520
`
`i Transmitter
`
`I522
`
`400 HZ
`Doiuctur
`
`
`
`
`Input
`Switches
`
`
`
`‘.519
`I512
`
`Display
`Controls
`
`
`
`13
`
`Transmit
`
`Logic
`
`
`
`Display and
`Storage Logic
`
`
`
`
`13
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 19, 1993
`
`Sheet 1 of 30
`
`5,754,946
`
`F/6‘. I
`PRIOR ART
`
`
`
`
`Tronsmirter
`
`Ironsmilier
`
`14
`
`14
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 19, 1998
`
`Sheet 2 of 30
`
`5,754,946
`
`15
`
`15
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 19, 1993
`
`Sheet 3 of 30
`
`5,754,946
`
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`U.S. Patent
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`5,754,946
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`
`5,754,946
`
`FIG‘.5PRIORART
`
`18
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 19, 1993
`
`Sheet 6 of 30
`
`5,754,946
`
`4<zo_om_m
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`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 19, 1998
`
`Sheet 7 of 30
`
`5,754,946
`
`FIG. 7
`
`ion
`\
`
`Generating a system information
`signal which includes a plurality of
`blocks of iniormation
`
`702
`
`Transmitting the system information
`signal to the plurality of transmitters
`
`T04
`
`i |
`
`!
`
`TUB
`
`information in simulcast during the first
`time period
`
`
`
`
`
`
` _ Transmitting by the first set of
`
`Transmitting by the second set of
`‘
`transmitters a second block of
`transmitters a third block of
`
`information during the second
`}
`!
`information during the second
`time period[
`
`r
`
`time period
`
`
`
`20
`
`
`I i
`
` Transmitting by the first and second
`
`
`sets of transmitters a first block of
`
`20
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 19, 1998
`
`Sheet 3 of 30
`
`I
`
`5,754,946
`
`300
`
`FIG? 8
`
` 302
`
`Transmitting a message signal by a
`base transmitter servicing a zone
`where the mobile transceiver was last
`
`
`known to be located
`
`.-
`
`Transmitting a regional probe signal
`by a plurality of base transmitters
`servicing a plurality of zones if the
`mobile transceiver does not indicate
`r
`receipt of the message signal from the L304
`base transmitter
`;.
` _l
`
`i
`
`.e_.__.!_._...__j__...,
`i
`Receiving the regional probe signal by <1 305
`the mobile transceiver
`T
`
`3
`
`Transmitting an acknowledgment
`signal by the mobile transceiver in
`response to the received regional
`
`probe signal
`
`Fteceiving the acknowledgment signal
`from the mobile transceiver by a base
`receiver
`
`
`510
`
`
`
`Updating the data to reflect the zone
`I of the base receiver that received the
`
`
`
`acknowledgment signai as the last
`known location of the mobile
`transceiver
`
`
`
`
`
`:
`
`312
`
`21
`
`21
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 19, 1993
`
`Sheet 9 of3{)
`
`5,754,946
`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
`22
`
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 19, 1993
`
`Sheet 10 of 30
`
`5,754,946
`
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`SW2
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`
`W
`
`I006
`
`F3®?
`
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`
`23
`
`23
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 19, 1993
`
`Sheet 11 of 30
`
`5,754,946
`
`FIG. 11
`
`FREQUENCY
`CONTROL j—_fi
`SIGNAL 1
`1102
`1
`
`® MODULATOR
`
`1112
`
`1-ioo
`
`r1104
`
`1
`
`1114‘
`
`FREQUENCY
`CONTROL
`SIGNAL2
`
`FREQUENCY
`CONTROL
`QGNAL3
`
`FREQUENCY
`
`
`
`FREQUENCY
`CONTROL
`SIGNAL:-I
`
`-—————~w———w
`«1110
`1
`
`®—iMODULATOR
`
`A120
`
`24
`
`24
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 19, 1993
`
`Sheet 12 of 30
`
`5,754,946
`
`CONTROL
`
`FIG. 12
`
`s|emA1_1 T+ ,12o2
`
`IN PHASE
`
`
`GUADRATURE
`
`1200
`
`//
`
`F‘
`
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`SIGNALE
`
`
`
`it
`
`r1204
`
`
`IN PHASE
`
`QUADHATURE
`
`A210
`
`CONTROL
`saem 3 “j; flees
`
`IN PHASE
`
`F3
`
`
`
`QUADRATURE
`
`comma
`SiGNAL4 —‘”“"?§ r1208ms PHASE
`
`
`
`F4
`
`QUADHATUHE
`
`FOUR CARRIER QUADRATUHE MODULATOR
`
`25
`
`25
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 19, 1993
`
`Sheet 13 of 30
`
`5,754,946
`
`Sm.
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`82
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`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 19, 1993
`
`Sheet 14 of 30
`
`5,754,946
`
`2:
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`27
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`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 19, 1993
`
`Sheet 15 of3{)
`
`5,754,946
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`
`US. Patent
`
`May 19, 1998
`
`Sheet 15 of 30
`
`5,754,946
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`
`US. Patent
`
`May 19, 1993
`
`Sheet 17 ofao
`
`5,754,946
`
`FIG. /7
`
`Mobile Receiver
`
`30
`
`30
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 19, 1993
`
`Sheet 18 of 39
`
`5,754,946
`
`9.3.805
`
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`31
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`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 19, 1993
`
`Sheet 19 of 30
`
`5,754,946
`
`FIG. /9
`
` '
`
`iDemoduJator
`
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`3303
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`32
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`32
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`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Mp.
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`
`5,754,946
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`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 19, 1993
`
`Sheet 21 of 30
`
`5,754,946
`
`FIG‘. 2!
`
`2|02
`
`2:04
`
`2l06
`
`Service Area
`
`Message
`
`I RF-‘C'd
`
`Button Format
`
`Service Area
`
`Button Format
`
`Transmit
`
`Capability?
`
`User Database
`
`34
`
`34
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 19, 1993
`
`Sheet 22 of 30
`
`5,754,946
`
`_uEm>___m_u
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`35
`
`
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 19, 1993
`
`Sheet 23 of 30
`
`5,754,946
`
`FIG‘. 23
`
`Service Queue
`
`Current Messages
`
`36
`
`36
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 19, 1998
`
`Sheet 24 of 30
`
`5,754,946
`
`8._._~
`
`85megawayE1-
`
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`
`37
`
`37
`
`
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 19, 1993
`
`Sheet 25 of so
`
`5,754,946
`
`mm:oN
`
`
`
`9__5£_omcoN
`
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`
`38
`
`38
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 19, 1993
`
`Sheet 25 of 30
`
`5,754,946
`
`FIG‘. 26
`
`2600
`
`Transmitting substantially
`simultaneously a first information
`signal and a second information
`signal. the first information signal
`being transmitted in simulcast by a
`first set of base transmitters
`
`assigned to a first zone. and the
`second information signal being
`transmitted in simulcast by a second
`set of base transmitters assigned to a
`second zone
`
`2602
`
`Dynamically reassigning one or more
`of the base transmitters in the first set
`
`of base transmitters assigned to the
`first zone to the second set of base
`
`transmitters assigned to the second
`zone, thereby creating an updated
`first set of base transmitters and an
`
`updated second set of base
`transmitters
`
`Transmitting substantially
`simultaneously a third information
`signal and a fourth information signal,
`the third information signal being
`transmitted in simulcast by the
`updated first set of base transmitters,
`and the fourth information signal
`|
`being transmitted in simulcast by the
`i
`updated second set of base
`l transmitters
`
`
`
`2504
`
`2505
`
`39
`
`39
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 19, 1993
`
`Sheet 27 of so
`
`5,754,946
`
`\NE
`
`em8:85as
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`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 19, 1998
`
`Sheet 23 of 30
`
`5,754,946
`
`F/61 28(4)
`
`2800
`
`Send a message to disable the
`
`2802
`
`registration feature
`
`Store the number of probe
`
`signals sent and a number of
`
`messages successfully
`delivered
`
`2304
`
`Process the stored number of
`
`probe signals and number of
`
`messages succesfully
`delivered to evaluate a
`
`likelihood that a probe signal
`will be required to be sent by
`the network to locate the mobile
`
`transceiver
`
`Send a message to the mobile
`unit to enable the mobile
`
`transceivers capability to
`transmit a registration signal if
`the likelihood exceeds a
`
`selected value
`
`2306
`
`2308
`
`41
`
`41
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 19, 1993
`
`Sheet 29 of 30
`
`5,754,946
`
`F/6'. 28(8)
`
`ESID
`
`Send a message to enable the
`registration feature
`
`23|2
`
`Store the number of registration
`
`signals received and a number
`
`of messages successfully
`delivered
`
`2314
`
`Process the stored number of
`
`registration signals and
`
`number of messages
`
`succesfully delivered to
`evaluate a likelihood that a
`
`2315
`
`registration signal will be
`received by a base receiver in
`the network that will not be
`
`used by the network to
`determine a set of base
`
`transmitters to be operated to
`
`transmit a message to the
`mobile transceiver
`
`Send a message to the mobile
`unit to disable the mobile
`
`2&3
`
`transceivers capability to
`transmit a registration signal if
`the likelihood exceeds a
`selected value
`
`42
`
`42
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 19, 1993
`
`Sheet 30 of an
`
`5,754,946
`
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`

`
`5.754.946
`
`1
`NATIONWIDE COMMUNICATION svsrrznr
`T. CROSS— CE TO R.El..A'.I'ED
`APPLICATIONS
`
`This application is a continuation-in-pan of application 5
`Ser. No. 0'7/973.918. tiled Nov. I2. 1992. U5. Pat. No.
`5.590.403. the oontents of whiclt is hereby incorporated by
`reference.
`
`II. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`A. Field of the Invention
`The present invention relates to methods and systems for
`providing two-way communication capability bmveen a
`central network and a mobile unit over a relatively latge
`area. and more particularly to such methods and systems
`which allow for rapid communication of large messages and
`ellicient use of system resources.
`3. Description of the Related Art Conventional two-way
`portabldrncbile wireless messaging systems often provide a
`variety of st:-vices to substnwers. Conventional messaging
`systems in particular provide one-way services using store
`and forward techniques to mobile receivers carried by the
`subscriber: A fundamental goal of two-way messaging sys-
`tems is to [xtwide :1 network of intutounected uansmitters
`and receivers which provides suficient uansmiued signal
`strength and receive capability to uniformly cover a geo-
`graphic region. Some oonventional messaging system: pro
`videthemessagetodie useronasmallviewing screenolt
`the mobile unit.
`However. such oonveniional systems; often suffer from
`problems associated with low system throughput. evidenced
`by slow message delivery and Image size limitations and
`do not provide an feature wherein the mobile unit transmits
`an acknowlcdgtnent signal to the system to acknowledge
`receipt of the message from the system. Generally. system
`throughput refers to the overall communication capability of
`a system as defined by the total amount of message data
`from the system to tltemohile units transferred by the system
`dtiringagivenperiodoftilnedividedbythefrequency
`bandwidth necessary to transmit the message date and may
`be measured in bits transferred per I-la. Further. such con-
`ventional systems suffer from technical problems preventing
`consistent wide area coverage and would require extremely
`wide portions of valuable frequency bandwidth to achieve
`acceptable system throughput rates.
`Simulcast
`technology in communication systems was
`ceiginally developed to extend transmitter coverage beyond
`that which could be obtained lroma. single transmitter. Over
`time. howevu. simulcasling has evolved into a technique
`capable of providing continuous oovaage to a large area.
`Generally. simulcast
`technology provides multiple
`Innstnitters. operating on substantially the same frequencies
`and transmitting the same information positioned to oova
`extended areas. As shown in FIG. 1. transmitter‘ 10. gener-
`ally provides coverage over area A. D. and E. transrnioer
`I02 genaally provides ooverage ova area B. D. and E, and
`trattsrnitter 10-! generally provides coverage over area C. E.
`and F. In some cases. the coverage area of a firs! transmitter
`may be entirely enclosed within lite coverage area of another
`transmilla. such as in btlilding interiors lutdvalleys. In areas
`where one (and only one) trnnstnltter dominates (e.g.. areas
`A. B. and C in FIG. I). simulcast is efiective because the
`other transmitters do not significantly‘ affect reoeivtrs in
`those areas.
`However. in “overlap” areas D. E. andF shown inFlt}. 1.
`wherclhe signalsfrumtwoormore l1'anstni'tlersarea.[:proxi-
`
`2
`mately equal. problems can arise because destructive inter-
`ference of signals occtns in these overlap areas such as areas
`D. E. and F. Destructive interference occurs when the two
`signals are equal in magnitude and 180“ out of phase and
`completely cancel each other. While there were sortie
`successes. reliable design procedures were not available.
`Attempting to precisely synchronize the carrier Erequen~
`ties of all simulcast transmitters does not overcome the
`problem because points (i.e. nodes) at which destructive
`"5 summing ooctttred persisted for long periods of tirne. At
`such points. a mobile receiver can not receive the siomlcast
`signal.
`Deliberately ofiselting the earria frequencies of adjnoent
`transmihers can ensure that destructive interference does not
`persist at one point for an extended period of time. The slight
`errors in frequency displayed by high quality reference
`oscillators (e.g.. 20 hertzerrors in 100 M11: signals or a few
`parts in 10") render deliberate 013.’.-setting unnecessary.
`Further. merely olisetting the carrier frequencies could not
`33 guarantee acceptable quality denzlodulation because propel’
`alignment of the modulating signals in little is also re({I.li.l’ed.
`FIG. 2 displays the sitttaliou at. for example. point D in
`FIG. 1 when modulating wavefmns are synchronized and
`includes coverage boundary 202 from a first transmlna and
`a second transmitter coverage boundary 204 from a second
`adjacent n-ansrnilter. An cqtti-signal boundary 20! exists
`where the signals from the first and second transmitters have
`approximately equal signal soengtte. Arnore realistic equi-
`signal boundary would talne into account natural and man-
`made topography and propagation conditions. and the-efore
`would probably not be a straight line.
`FIGS. 3 and at generally illustrate various signals as they
`may ooeuratoruearthe equi-signalbonndzuyzottes shown
`35 in FIG. 2. In particular. FIGS. 3 and -1 illustrate various
`aspects of modulation synchronization and how altering
`transmission parameters may atlect the synchronization. In
`general. there are at least three sotn-oes which cause the
`signals from the first transmitter and the second transmitter
`49 to be out of synchronization: (1) tinting shifts in the delivery
`of the modulating waveform to each of the trastnittcrs: (2)
`timing sltifts internal to each transmitter: and (3) timing
`shifts cansedby propagation distances and anomalies. From
`the perspedive of arerxiver located in an overlap area. these
`45 three sources oftiming shifts combine to prodntx an overall
`tithing shifts between the received signals Erom me first and
`second transmitters. In current commercial practice. the
`summation of these three components results in time shifts
`of about 200 rnleroseconds. The 11'.m.i.ng shift present in
`50 simulcast systems disarlvanlagoottsly limits the baud rate at
`which information may be transferred. In generaL FIGS. 3
`and It will also illustrate how timing shifts prevents high
`baud rate transmissions.
`A1:itnellnercprcsentationofasignal30oEromafirst
`ss transmitter is shown in FIG. 3(A) and a signal 308 iron: 5.
`second transmitter is shown in FIG. 3(3). both from the
`perspective ofa receiver located in an overlap area. Vertical
`dashed lines 300 represent baud intervals on the time axis.
`As can be seen fron1FIGS. 30%.) and (B). the signals306 and
`so 308 are frequency modulated between a high and a low
`frequency value and the signals 306 and 388 are exarrly in
`phase. As will be appreciated. the timing shifi between
`sign.a.1s396and3I8n:uslbe small whencomparedtolhe
`baud interval shown in FIGS. 3(A) and (13) since signals 306
`6sand308ateinsynebroni.&on.Ot’eourse.astl1ebaud
`interval decreases. the li.rni.ng shifts will likely cause signals
`306 and 308 to be out of synchronization.
`
`44
`
`44
`
`

`
`5.754.946
`
`3
`FIGS. 3(C}. (D). and (E) Show the summation of these
`two signals 306 and 3-3 at In equi-signal bu-udaty. such as
`boundary 200 in FIG. 1 FIG. 3(C) shows a composite signal
`310 indicating that
`the frequency information remains
`unchanged. FIG. 303) shows a linear graph 312- of the
`relative phase dilferenoe caused by a slight catrierlirequenqr
`dilference between the signals from the firs! transrnitter and
`the second transmitter. FIG. 30!) shows a cornposite ampli-
`tude signal 314. A noise threshold is indicated by the
`horizontal dashed line 304 in FIG. 3(E).
`Of interest. FIG. 3CE) shows the composite srnplirude
`signal 314 dipping below the noise threshold 30¢ at an
`ant.l—phase condition 302 (c.g.. when the relative phase angle
`is il80°. as shown in FIG. 3(D)). As can be seen from FIG.
`3(E). the anti-phase condition 302 caused by the slight phase
`shift between transmitter l and transmitter 2 will not cause
`any loss of data because the a.n.ti-[:tta.se condition persists for
`only a small portion of the baud interval.
`The slight offset of the center frequencies between the
`first and second transrniners causes a slow drift of the
`relative phase of the two signals. as shown in FIG. 3(D).
`When the signals are 1180’ out of phase. the temporary dip
`in the amplitude signal may cause the loss of a few bits in
`the composite signal. at worst These errors can he counter-
`acted with a mnvcntional error correcting code. such as is
`commonly known.
`FIG. 4 shows a set of similar signals to those in FIG. 3.
`hit whereinthesigual4fl2fi'omthefirsltl'anstnittu'isolfset
`from. orout of synchronization with. the signal 401 from the
`second transmitter by a full band. In partittarlar. signal 4|-I
`lags signal 402 by one band interval. As previously
`discussed. the offset of signals 402 and 404 may be caused
`by various timing shifis in the deliva-y of both signals 401
`and 404 to ameeiver in an ovcrlaparea. FIGS. 4-(A) and (B)
`illustrate the extreme case where the sum of there timing
`shifts is equal to the baud interval shown by dashed lines
`-100. As can be seen in I-"ICr. 4(C). composite signal 496
`includes a period of indeterminate frequency which unde-
`sirably covers several entire bull! intervals and. tltereftre.
`successful demodulation is impossible during those baud
`intervals. Eflhe baud interval was intreuscd to minimize the
`cfioct of these timing shifts. data loss would be less likely.
`Therefore. it can be seen that the baud rate atwbich good
`data transfer can be accomplished is limited by the timing
`shifts between signals delivered to receivers in overlap
`areas.
`
`Through these examples. it can be seen that high degrees
`of modulation synchronization rnasze it possible to obtain
`good data demodulation in a simulcast system. However. the
`baud rate lirttitatiou of simulcast systems is a significant
`drawback and limits system throughput.
`An alternative to simulcast for wide area coverage is
`assignment of orthogonal. non-overlapping subdivisions of
`the available system capacity to adjacent areas. Subdivisions
`can be made in time [e.g.. broadcasting the information on
`the same frequency in diiferent time slots to adjacent areas}.
`or in frequency (e.g.. broadcasting the information simulta-
`neously on difierent fiequenclcs in adjacent areas).There are
`several problems with such orthogonal systems. however.
`First. orthogonal assignments require tuning the receiver to
`the assigned frequency or time channel forth: area in which
`the retziver currently resides. In the broadcast services every
`traveler has experienced the frustration of finding the cured
`enamel for their favorite program. simulcast operation
`avoids the need for stunning and re-tuning as the mobile unit
`moves between areas. Such scanning and reducing also
`disadvantageously increases mobile unit power consump-
`tion.
`
`4
`the orthogonal assignment
`Second. and more serious.
`approach drastically reduces the system Ihrotlghput capacity
`as measured in ‘bits per 112 because anywhere from 3 to ‘J.
`or possibly more. orthogonal assignments are required to
`obtain continuous area coverage in most conventional
`orthogonal systems. This waste of opacity is somewhat
`recouped if the same lnftnnation is not needed