235
`
`
`
`Annotation 1
`
`
`'
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`D.!rT.l B-NSE
`FH EOUENT RECIPIENT
`'
`' I
`I.
`F H EOUENT MESSNJE
`
`
`(CNWED MESSAGE! LIST
`
`
`1125
`240
`M5
`
`
`
`
`
`
`FIG. 2
`
`Cannon discloses that databases of frequently transmitted messages and the associated message
`
`aliases are stored at the system controller 110 and the PMUs 105 "so that each device can
`
`recognize an alias and conveniently intertltet the more lengthy message or mend address
`
`associated therewith. " id. at 2:28-32. See also 2:46-51. which describes that a PMU 105 includes a
`
`database 21 D, as shown in Annotation 1 of Fig. 2 (reproduced above). for storing the “frequent
`
`message (canned message) list.” ie., the files of canned messages and the associated message
`
`codes, which are referred to in Cannon as “message aliases." Cannon discloses that both a
`
`message originator PMU 105 and a destination PMU 105 store such files or lists of canned
`
`messages and the associated message aliases. id. at 5:1-6.
`
`With reference to the system controller 110. Cannon discloses that the system controller includes.
`
`as illustrated in Annotation 1 of Fig. 12 [reproduced below). a subscriber database 530 for storing
`
`lists of canned messages and associated message aliases corresponding to each subscriber of the
`
`communications system 100. The controller 110 also includes a controller memory 525 that stores
`
`information used in programming the controller and various codes, such as programming code,
`
`forward code. message code and "AF. AM, DF, and Dlvl codes." id. at 7:35-45.
`
`351
`
`351
`
`

`

`
`CONTFIOLLEFIMEMORY
`————-T
`
`530
`
`Device
`
`
`oevro Fnieuorcmneo
`ADDRESS I vase-neeusrs I
`
`
`A""°ta"°"1
`
`
`
`.525
`
`
`
`
`FORWARD CODE
`MESSAGE CODE
`
`AHCODE
`DF CODE
`"1’
`
`¢- A
`
`-1 "'
`
`5*”
`545
`
`ug
`
`One of ordinary skill in the art would have understood that the "message aliases" described in
`
`Cannon correspond to the message codes described in the ‘S06 Patent. whereas the "message
`
`codes“ described in Cannon are used to indicate a function to be perfonned to send or receive
`
`messages. id. at. 3:6t}6‘l and 4:63-64. One of ordinary skill in the art would have understood
`
`that the database 210 in a PMU 105 or the database 530 in a system controller 110 includes
`
`memory that stores the lists of canned messages and the associated message aliases.
`
`According to Cannon, the system controller 1 10 can update the databases of the frequently
`
`transmitted messages and the associated message aliases that are stored both at the system
`
`controller 11 D and the PlvlUs 105 when necessary so that the information stored in a PMU
`
`database is equivalent to that stored in the controller database. id. at 2:34-38. Cannon discloses
`
`that a "data entry device 510 can be used to update the subscriber database 530. " id. at ?:39-4t}.
`
`Cannon further discloses that system controller includes “a reconciler for determining that the
`
`message alias is not included in the list associated with the portable messaging unit.” id. at
`
`11:840. One of ordinary skill in the art would have understood that the files or lists of canned
`
`messages and message aliases that are maintained at the sender and receiver PlvlUs and at the
`
`system controller in one implementation can be identical to each other, and that the system
`
`controller can perform actions to maintain these lists consistent across all the devices.
`14
`
`352
`
`352
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`TRANSCEIVER
`
`235
`
`oevice MEMORY
`
`PROGRAMMING cops
`FQRNARD
`
`moo memo” rm cone
`"DELETE FF*'EN°' EDP? CODE
`moo MESSAGE‘ may coos
`“DELETE MESSAGE" tom coo:
`MESEABE was
`
`
`
`2-
`j [:13 2
`245
`
`1.05
`
`
`
`Massimo: memos-r
`E
`25”
`—
`
`DATA ease _
`FBEGUENT HECIPFEN1’
`rrnieuoi usr
`Fneouerrr MESSAGE
`{cameo MESSAGE) us'r
`
`
`
`A"“°tat'°" 2
`
`
`
`
`
`49.
`
`Describing a PMU 105 in general. Cannon provides an electrical block diagram of a PMU 105 in
`
`Fig. 2.and discloses that the PMU 105 includes a processor 210 “for controlling the operations of
`
`the PMU 105," a display 225 that presents information to a user of the PMU "in response to
`
`activation by the processor 210" and a transceiver 205 ‘for sending and receiving information over
`
`a radio frequency communication channel. " id. at 2:39-46. See also Annotation 2 of Fig. 2
`
`(reproduced herein].
`
`The PMU 105 further includes message memory 225 that is coupled to the
`
`processor 210 for “storing received messages and message numbers associated with the received
`
`messages" and, as described above. the database 230.
`
`50.
`
`One of ordinary skill in the art would have understood that either or both of the sender and receiver
`
`PMU 105 described in Cannon can be a portable two-way messaging device. such as a two—way
`
`pager. One of ordinary skill in the art would have also understood that the processor 210 can
`
`coordinate with one or more of the message memory 225, the database 230 and the device
`
`memory 235 to retrieve canned messages and associated message aliases from the frequent
`
`message list stored in the memory of the PMU 105, and display the retrieved canned messages to
`
`the user of the PlvlU 105 using the display 210.
`
`15
`
`353
`
`353
`
`

`

`One of ordinary skill in the an would further understand that the system controller 110 disclosed in
`
`Cannon can be a network device that is connected to both the originator and destination PMUS via
`
`network connections, where the system controller receives canned messages and message codes
`
`from an originator messaging device. and fonvards the canned messages and message codes to a
`
`destination messaging device.
`
`Cannon discloses that a PMU 105 includes a sender 240 module that prepares information for
`
`transmission from the PMU 105 when the PMU is sending messages and associated information.
`
`The sender 240 may include tinnware “stored in the deviw memory 235 and executed by the
`
`processor 210.” or the sender 240 may be implemented ‘using hardware pable of perfonning
`
`equivalent operations” id. at 4:1-B. See also Annotation 2 of Fig. 2.
`
`Describing the operation of sending a message from the originator PMU 105. Cannon discloses
`
`that a user-initiated signat may be received from the controls 215 (see Annotation 2 of Fig. 2)
`
`indicating that a message is to be transmitted to another device. Upon receiving the signal. the
`
`sender 240 in the originator PMU 105 references the database 230 to determine whether the
`
`entered message is a canned message. Then the sender 240 provides the message infonnation or
`
`message alias associated with the selected canned message to the transceiver 205 (see
`
`Annotation 2 of Fig. 2), along with the message code, the friend alias or recipient address. for
`
`transmission from the PMU 105 to the system controller 110. id. at 5:10-12. 5:29 and 5:56-66.
`
`As an example of a frequent transmitted message sent from the originator PMU 105 to the system
`
`controlter 110 for forwarding to the destination PMU 105, Cannon describes that the PMU 105
`
`transmits a frequently transmitted message by sending the message alias. along with the message
`
`code, the friend alias, in a transmission to the system oontroller110, as illustrated by Fig. 10
`
`(reproduced below).
`
`FIG. 10 Puuasc
`
`juscgrge
`
`Based on the above teaching of the '506 Patent and in view of my education and experience, a
`
`person of ordinary skill in the art at the time of filing the '506 Patent would have understood that,
`
`16
`
`354
`
`354
`
`

`

`when the sender 240 is implemented as program code, e.g., firmware. the processor 210 in the
`
`originator PMU 105 may execute sender 240 code to compile the message alias associated with
`
`the selected canned message along with the message code, the friend alias or recipient address,
`
`andlor other associated message information, into a signal for transmission to the system controller
`
`110. A person of ordinary skill in the art would have also understood that, when the sender 240 is
`
`implemented as using hardware, the sender 240 hardware may execute instructions to compile the
`
`message alias associated with the selected canned message along with the message code, the
`
`friend alias or recipient address. andior other associated message information. into a signal for
`
`transmission to the system controller 110.
`
`Describing the operation of the system controller 110. Cannon discloses that the system controller
`
`includes a router 540 (see Annotation 1 of Fig. 12) that is activated upon receiving a signal from
`
`the originator PMU 105 that includes a message alias. id. at 8:20-38. The router relays the
`
`message alias corresponding to the signal received from the originator PMU 105 to the destination
`
`PMU 105. id. at 8:39-58.
`
`Describing the operation of receiving a canned message by a PMU 105, Cannon discloses that,
`
`upon receiving a message that is routed by the system controller 110. a destination PMU 105
`
`activates a receiver 245 (see Annotation 2 of Fig. 2), which may be firmware executed by the
`
`processor 210, or may be implemented in hardware capable of performing equivalent operations.
`
`id. at4:4—12,4:62-67.
`
`Specifically, the receiver 245 compares the received message information
`
`with aliases in the message list stored in the PMU 105's memory. When the received message
`
`alias matches to an alias stored in the message list, the receiver 245 retrieves the corresponding
`
`canned message from the message list.
`
`Then the destination PMU 105 can display the retrieved
`
`canned message associated with the message alias sent by the originator PMU 105 using the
`
`display 220. id. at 5:1-9.
`
`DISCUSSION or WILL AND COMBINATION wm-1 CANNON
`
`in general, Will discloses a "method and apparatus for sending paging signals and messages to
`
`individuals within a building and accepting responses to the messages." APL—1006, abstract. An
`
`electronic communications System may be used to transmit message data to a portable receiver,
`
`which can be a miniature communications unit that is carried by an individual user. id. at 1:18-25,
`1?
`
`355
`
`

`

`3:65-4:1. See also of Fig. 1 (annotated below). One of ordinary skill in the art would have
`
`understood that the communications unitdisclosed in Will may include a two-way pager.
`
`'|'ELEPi-ONE
`NETWORK
`
`CENTRAL
`STATION
`
`
`
`
`FIGJ
`
`Describing the hardware structure of the communications unit. as illustrated in Fig. 3 (annotated
`
`below), Will discloses that the communications unit includes a microprocessor 25. A
`
`programmable ROM 30 is associated with the microprocessor and contains the program for the
`
`microprocessor. The communications unit also includes a RAM that contains messages alter
`
`conversion to digital codes. information extracted from the messages for display to the user. and
`
`other inforrnation. id. at 8:52, 9:9-15.
`
`Will teaches that software executed by the microprocessor extracts information to be displayed.
`
`which is placed into a memory and causes characters to be displayed on the liquid crystal display
`
`31. The communications unit includes a thumbwheol 32, which allows the user of the
`
`communications unit to display messages and responses that are retrieved from the memory. id. at
`9:926.
`
`356
`
`356
`
`

`

`Providing an illustration of the physical layout of the front of the remote oommunieations unit. as
`
`shown in Fig. 4 (annotated below), Will discloses that the communications unit includes a liquid
`
`crystal display 44 that displays responses or messages. id. at 9: 45-46, 9:62-65. The front of the
`
`communications unit includes a thumbwheel 49. which the user can rotate "to control the display of
`
`messages, responses, and other information. " id. at 10:6-10.
`
`357
`
`357
`
`

`

`RING -' UFNZENT
`
`IN!-'F|AHEIJEMI'|'l'EFl5‘--..__
`
`‘D
`
`“W
`
`ISOMMUNICJUIONSI
`“up
`
`43
`
`42
`
` SPEAKER
`
`FIG. 4
`
`Will provides examples of a variety of interfaces that are presented on the display of the
`
`communications unit. As shown by Fig. 33 (annotated below}. the display 451 shows a typical
`
`message, which is presented in the form an inquiry. Response options that are associated with the
`
`message can also be displayed by the interface. The user of the communications unit can select
`
`from one of the response options that are displayed with the message, or choose from a set of
`
`preprogrammed responses, which is shown by display 454. id. at 26:30-43. The user can also
`
`select from preprogrammed original messages. which is shown by display 455. id. at 2?:55-58.
`
`The user can select one of the preprogrammed messages or preprogrammed responses by
`
`orienting the display “using the thumbwheel so that the desired response is to the right of the
`
`cursor, and pressfing] the key.” in‘. at 26:43-4?. See also Fig. 4 above.
`
`358
`
`358
`
`

`

`
`
`Drsnlawsshnwrng
`selectable
`F135?!) F189 DIIIIIOIH.
`
`63.
`
`'-MN disoioses that lists of preprogramrnad messages and preprogrammed responses are stored in
`
`in the display memory of the communications unit, as illustrated in Fig. 42 (annotated below). id. at
`36:35-48.
`
`The lists of preprogramrned messages and preprogrammed responses are stored in
`
`data structures in the display memory. id. at 25:45-53. The lists of preprogrammed messages
`
`and preprogrammed responses are contained in data structures in both the oornmunioations unit
`
`and the central station. id. at 12:62-85.
`
`21
`
`359
`
`359
`
`

`

`comulunicarnons UNIT came. srnucruass
`ciseuw ueuonv srnucrunes
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`
`Wills discloses that based on the user selection of the preprogrammed message or
`
`preprogramrned response, the communications unit transmits information in coded fonn to one or
`
`more remote stations for forwarding to the central station. id. at abstract. Based on the user
`
`selection of a message or a response by pressing the control key 34, data is transmitted from the
`
`communications unit, with the microprocessor sending 8-bit characters to an asynchronous
`
`transmitter. id. at 9:27-35. The software executed by the microprocessor includes a module for
`
`transmitting a packet from the communications unit. The software executes a command "that
`
`results in input data being transmitted to a remote station and then to the central station. it a
`
`response is selected a subpacket is ionnatted with an appropriate response sequence, including
`
`an input Packet Number and a channel number indicating the destination address of the response.
`
`[I If an original message is selected a subpacket is formatted in the same manner as described
`above." 29:35-52.
`
`Describing the format of a packet that is sent from the communications unit. as illustrated in Fig. 12
`
`(annotated below), Will discloses that the packet contains a two-character sequence. which
`
`consists of an "ASCII character 133 indicating the type of code. followed by a 7-bit character 13?
`
`indicating the particular code." 12:49-52.
`
`"if the type character 136 is an ENQ, this is a Response
`
`Code. If the 7-bit code that follows 137 is from 0 to 19, the response indicates one of the responses
`
`(with 0 referring to the first response. 1 to the second. etc.) included with the message sent to the
`
`22
`
`360
`
`360
`
`

`

`unit. If the code 137 is from 21 to 12?, the response indicates one of the preprogrammed
`
`responses in the Preprograrnmed Response List. |]|f the type character 136 is a BEL. this is a
`
`response but using one of the preprogramrned messages in the Preprogrammed Message List. as
`
`indicated by the code 0-12?. []If the type character is a BS, this is an original message, with the
`
`message as indicated by the code 0-12? and retrieved from the Preprogrammed Message List." id.
`at 12:54-13:11.
`
`FCFIHA1 OF PACKFTS SENT
`FFICII UNIT VIA INFRARED TO REMOTE STATION
`
`
`
`meme KET
`Nuulggn
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`unease
`
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`ssouauce
`
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`
`FIG. 12
`
`E
`
`133
`
`1 (D
`
`Based on the above teaching of Will and in view of my education and experience. it is my
`
`understanding that. a person of ordinary skill in the art at the time of filing the '506 Patent would
`
`have understood that Will teaches that the communications unit can send codes corresponding to
`
`preprogramrned messages andtor preprogrammed responses. i.e.. canned messages andtor
`
`canned responses to the central station. where synchronized copies of the canned messages and
`
`23
`
`361
`
`361
`
`

`

`canned responses, along with associated codes, are maintained at both the communications unit
`
`and the central station.
`
`One of ordinary skill in the art would have also understood that the microprocessor included in the
`
`communications unit can execute software code to retrieve the preprogrammed messages andior
`
`preprogrammed responses from the data structures stored in the display memory, and display it on
`
`the LCD screen of the communications unit. One of ordinary skill in the art would have also
`
`understood that the user of the communications unit can use the thumbwheel and the key on the
`
`front face of the communications unit to select a preprogrammed message or a preprogrammed
`
`response from the lists of preprogrammed messages or responses that are displayed on the LCD
`
`screen of the communications unit.
`
`See, e.g., T|'|l62-68 and Will Figs. 34, 12 and 33 (reproduced
`
`above].
`
`Furthermore, one of ordinary skill in the art would have understood that, based on user selection of
`
`a preprogrammed message andior preprogrammed response, the software executed by the
`
`microprocessor compiles the selected message or response into a packet that includes a code
`
`corresponding to the selected message andior response, apart from other information.
`
`The
`
`software sends the compiled packet to the asynchronous transmitter for transmission to the central
`
`station.
`
`See, e.g., 62-68 and Will Figs. 3-4, 12 and 33 (annotated above).
`
`A person of ordinary skill in the art at the filing date of the '506 Patent would have combined
`
`Cannon with Will at least for the reasons discussed below.
`
`Based on the teachings of Cannon and Will as outlined above, a person of ordinary skill in the art.
`
`at the filing date of the ‘5UB Patent, would have readily appreciated that the two references provide
`
`teachings in similar fields of endeavor. Both describe communications systems that provide
`
`two—way messaging for portable messaging units.
`
`The two references also describe how the
`
`communication may be performed using preprogrammed messages, where shorter codes
`
`corresponding to the preprogrammed messages are transmitted over the communications
`
`channels, instead of sending the messages in full, and thereby “the communication channel is
`
`efficiently used to transmit relatively short transmissions, which prevents system capacity from
`
`being exceeded and which prevents message delays due to overcrowding of the channel." as
`
`taught by Cannon, APL—1004 at 9:34-31
`
`24
`
`362
`
`

`

`A person of ordinary skill in the art would have combined the teachings of Cannon with the
`
`teachings of Will to implement a message exchange between portable messaging units (PMUs). in
`
`which an originating PMU sends a frequently transmitted message to a recipient PMU with added
`
`response options and receive a response from the recipient. as taught by Will, where the frequently
`
`transmitted message with the response options is communicated from the originating PMU to the
`
`recipient through a system controller using message codes. as taught by Cannon.
`
`In more detail,
`
`Cannon teaches that PMUs communicate frequently transmitted messages using "relatively short"
`
`message aliases. id. at 2:21, that are communicated through an intermediate system controller,
`
`see, e.g., APL-1004 at 2:19-32, 9:38-53 and 5:3-9. where the source and recipient PMUs and the
`
`system controller each stores databases of the frequently transmitted messages and the
`
`associated aliases, see, e.g., id. at 6:46-5?. However, Cannon is silent about sending
`
`customizing the messages that are transmitted. e.g., by adding response options. This is taught
`
`by Will, which discloses that the paging receiver may respond to the message by selecting from
`
`one of preprogrammed responses that are included with the message. See, e.g., id. at 4:4i -54.
`
`Will further teaches that the paging receiver may send response codes corresponding to the
`
`preprogrammed responses. See, e.g., 12:47-13:1.
`
`In doing so. Will overtly details the operation
`
`of the recipient operating the paging receiver and selecting from a response. as recited by claim
`
`‘li. See. eg., id. at 25:61-27:64.
`
`One of ordinary skill in the art would have augmented sending frequently transmitted information
`
`using relatively short message aliases, as taught by Cannon. by adding Will's preprogrammed
`
`response options to such messages. as this would have allowed a request—response interaction
`
`between the message originator and the recipient, and allowing to quickly and etficiently select a
`
`response from list of response options displayed with the message. As with sending the
`
`frequently transmitted information using relatively short message aliases, the selected response
`
`option is communicated to the message originator using a relatively short code.
`
`Cannon’s communication system may use Will's preprogrammed responses by storing. at each of
`
`the originating and recipient PMUs and the system controller, lists of frequently transmitted
`
`messages and associated aliases. and preprogrammed responses with associated response
`
`codes. The originating PMU may add preprogramrned response options to the frequently
`
`transmitted information by appending the corresponding response codes to the message alias that
`
`25
`
`363
`
`

`

`is sent to the system controller, which lonivards the message alias and the response codes to the
`
`recipient. While Will teaches that the response codes are sent from the receiving device to the
`
`central communications unit, one of skill in the art would readily appreciate that Will's concept of
`
`using response codes can be equally well implemented by Cannons originating PMU, which
`
`already stores and sends message aliases corresponding to the selected messages. such that
`
`storing codes corresponding to response options that are added to the selected messages would
`
`be a natural and logical extension.
`
`The use of preprogrammed responses would allow Cannon's
`
`PMUs to establish a dialogue involving messages and corresponding responses that are
`
`exchanged using the shorter message aliases and response codes.
`
`DlSCUSS|ON OF LAPORTA AND COMBINATIONS WITH CANNON AND WILL
`
`In general, LaPorta discloses "a two—way wireless messaging system and method using a
`
`messaging network" that has “at least one subscriber user agent that stores messages that are
`
`forwarded to predetermined destinations." AF’L—1DG5, abstract.
`
`The user agent, which is
`
`associated with a messaging device, is located inside the two-way messaging network and stores
`
`messages that are associated with predetermined message codes. id. at 25-8. Sea of Fig. 1
`
`(annotated below).
`
`LaPorta describes that a wireless messaging device stores messages along with associated
`
`predetermined numbers that serve as indices to the messages, which are identical to messages
`
`and predetermined message numbers stored at a user agent inside the two-way messaging
`
`network that is associated with the wireless messaging device.
`
`The messages may be stored in
`
`message tables. id. at 5:33-41. 5:62-64. The wireless messaging device can originate new
`
`messages, or reply to previously received messages by sending a coded message to a
`
`corresponding user agent inside the two—way messaging network.
`
`The coded message includes
`
`a message number that "uniquely identifies a message stored both locally at the device and at the
`
`user agent, ”id. at 1262-223, and a “short group identifier, " id. at 5:37-38.
`
`LaPorta discloses that
`
`the address and message information stored in the messaging device and respective user agent
`
`are maintained to be consistent with each other. id. at 5:62-6:3.
`
`364
`
`

`

`FIG.
`
`1
`
`1 siiiieio
`- rnems
`l ntgsm I_SIll|::-i
`
`Based on the above teaching of LaPorta and in view of my education and experience. it is my
`
`understanding that. a person of ordinary skill in the art at the time of filing the '50s Patent would
`
`have understood that the "message number” described in LaPorta correspond to the message
`
`codes described in the 506 Patent. One of ordinary skill in the art would have also understood
`
`that the “message tables" described in LaPorta correspond to files of canned messages and
`
`associated message codes.
`
`Furthermore. a person of ordinary skill in the art would have
`
`understood that LaPorla teaches that the tables or files of canned messages and message
`
`numbers that are maintained at the messaging devices and the associated user agents are
`
`identical to each other. and that the system can perform actions to maintain these tables consistent
`
`across all the devices.
`
`See, e. g.. 1] 79 below.
`
`LaPorta describes that when the user agent receives a coded message from the originating
`
`messaging device, the user agent expands the message back to the desired full message by
`
`selecting from the messages stored at the user agent, id. at 2:542, for fonvarding to the
`
`destination messaging device. The user agent uses the message number and the short group
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`2?
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`365
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`identifier inciuded in the message received fron1 the originating device as indices to look up
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`respective data tables for message expansion. id. at 5:38-40. The selected destination may be a
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`second two-way messaging device . id. at-4:57-59. See also Annotation 1 of Fig. 1 {reproduced
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`above).
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`Providing an example of a messaging device, LaPorta describes that the messaging device can he
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`a dedicated. two-way pager 11, as illustrated in Fig. 9 {annotated below). which ‘generates.
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`receives and displays messages to the subscriber user. ” id. at 8:38-39. LaPorta discloses that
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`the messaging device includes four function buttons 84 that serve as “soft keys. is. keys whose
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`functions vary with the contexts.” id. at 3:4'r'~4B. Among other components, the messaging device
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`also includes a 5—|ine LCD screen 88 in which the top four lines are used for text. The pager
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`includes computing hardware, e.g., a processor and memory for user interface code and pager
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`protocol. The memory stores various messages and associated data. id. at B150-5?.
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`FIG. 9
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`'
`ttr-sawnniiifs
`
`11 KBUHLDS
`Di FJQF NIK-
`EJ Tl-ED BELL
`
`
`Display at towing urinal‘!
`message with added
`paramete-rs
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`
`
`‘W5
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`LaPorta discloses that the messaging device can also include a simulated keyboard displayed on
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`the LCD screen of the device, as illustrated by Fig. 13 (annotated below}.
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`A subscriber can use
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`the simulated keyboard to compose messages. id. at 528-12. Additionally or alternatively. a
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`subscriber can connect the messaging device, using an inputtoutput port of the device. to a laptop
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`or a personal digital assistant {PDA) to edit messages. id. at 6:23- 28.
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` Display showing keyboard
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`Based on the above teaching of LaPorta and in view of my education and experience. it is my
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`understanding that. a person of ordinary skill in the art at the time of filing the '506 Patent would
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`have understood that either or both of the originating and destination messaging devices described
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`in LaPorta may include a two-way pager 11. One of ordinary skill in the art would have also
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`understood that the memory included the pager 11 that “should be adequate enough to contain
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`these venous messages and associated data. " id. at 3:56-5?. correspond to memory that stores
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`the tables of canned messages and the associated message numbers.
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`Furthermore,
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`one of
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`ordinary skill in the art would have understood that the processor included in the pager 11 man
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`retrieve the canned messages and associated message numbers from the tables stored in the
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`memory of the pager, and display the retrieved canned messages to the user of the pager using
`the LCD screen 88.
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`Providing a description of a user agent. l.aPorta describes that a user agent 12. illustrated in Fig.
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`11 (reproduced below). can include some fixed functionality, such as registrationtderegistration.
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`message delivery and message status query, which are common across all user agents. The user
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`agent also includes a database 73. and software 'l'4 that is “associated with the user agent
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`program to provide run time support for the system. " id. at 7:3-Y. '.«':14~19. The user agent also
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`includes user agent program modules 72a, 72b in which additional functions can be added to
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`customize the user agent for the associated messaging device. id. at 7:11-14. “(:52-62.
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`Based on the above teaching of LePorta and in view of my education and eirperience. it is my
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`understanding that, a person of ordinary skill ln the art at the time of filing the '5D6 Patent would
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`have understood that the user agent disclosed in LaPorta may include a network device that is
`29
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`367
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`associated with a messaging device, which may include a message originator. One of ordinary
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`skill in the art would have also understood that LaPorta furtherteaches that the user agent can be
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`associated with a destination messaging device.
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`The originating messaging device can send a
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`canned message using the associated message number to its respective user agent, which
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`forwards the corresponding message to the user agent of the destination messaging device for
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`sending to the destination.
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`LaPorta further discloses that the originating messaging device can customize the message to be
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`transmitted by adding parameters or dynamic components such as embedded replies, choices,
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`predefined variables" to the fixed pre-canned components of the message. id. at 2:13-27. "The
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`dynamic components allow customization of messages by message senders and recipients, thus
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`greatly increasing the practical applicability of the system. The particular values of the dynamic
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`components are encoded in the message modifier, and are recovered and applied by the user
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`agent. " id. at 2:22-24.
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`LaPorta elaborates that the dynamic components can include selections
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`and predefined variables.
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`"For example, a selection labeled "location" may expand into the list of
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`choices: a) home. b) office. or c) lab. The set of available selections are defined by the individual
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`subscribers. Pre-defined variables represent specific commonly used entries that can be
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`customized by a user. Typical examples of predefined variables are time, phone number, etc.” id.
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`at 13:24-3?.
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`LaPorta further discloses that "[d]ynamic components can be nested as needed,"
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`13:37-38.
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`LaPorta describes that the originating messaging device can add reply components to a message
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`to facilitate a reply. "A reply component embeds the desired replies, typically making use of
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`dynamic components. This is useful in applications where the possible replies are agreed upon a
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`prion.” id. at 13:39-43.
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`The reply components can include multiple reply choices or options.
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`Providing an example of a
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`message that is customized by embedding both reply choices and predefined variables, LaPorta
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`describes a stock trading application, in which "[a] subscriber is notified via two-way messaging
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`when a stock he or she is interested in has reached a particular value. The notification message
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`can embed a reply with choices to buy or sell and predefined variables for entering the number of
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`shares and share price.” id. at 2:16-21.
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`LaPorta teaches that when a message is customized using reply choices, or other parameters
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`such as predefined variables. or both, the destination messaging device can select from one of the
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`reply choices and send a response to the origination messaging device that includes the selected
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`reply choice. id. at 5:15-29, 5:55-61.
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`The reply that is sent by the destination messaging device
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`is also a coded message that includes an identifier to associate it with the original message.
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`15:34-37.
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`LaPorta discloses that using customized messages that include dynamic components andior reply
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`components, the system can track and answer queries about transactions, where a transaction is
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`"a single or a series of request—response interactions between a message sender and recipient{s).”
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`id. at 2:45-48. LaPorta explains that "[a] transaction is most useful for communication scenarios in
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`which selective responses are desired. " id. at 2:43-50.
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`LaPorta provides an example of a transaction by describing, with reference to Fig. 3, a message
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`exchange between four users, each of whom has a user agent associated with respective
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`messaging devices.
`
`LaPorta describes that a user Thomas sends a message through his pager
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`50a to his lunch group members, Dan, Mary and Paul, and inquire about lunch choices. to‘. at
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`5:12-26. As illustrated by