Petitioners' EX1029 Page 1
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`Mictosoft®Press
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`Petitioners‘ EX1029 Page 2
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`Petitioners' EX1029 Page 2
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`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`
`Copyright © 1999 by Microsoft Corporation
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
`or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in—Publication Data
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary. -- 4th ed.
`p. cm.
`Previous eds. published under title: Microsoft Press computer
`dictionary
`ISBN 0-7356-0615-3
`2. Microcomputers Dictionaries.
`1. Computers Dictionaries.
`I. Microsoft Press computer dictionary.
`QA76.15.M538
`1999
`004'.03--dc21
`
`99-20168CIP
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`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
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`123456789 MLML 432109
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`
` Introduction
`
`vii
`
` fitimiaw
`of Computer Terms
`1
`
`Appendix A
`
`ASCII Character Set
`
`494
`
`Appendix 3
`
`IBM Extended Character Set
`
`496
`
`Appendix C
`
`Apple Macintosh Extended Character Set
`498
`
`Appendix D
`
`EBCDIC Character Set
`
`502
`
`Appendix E
`
`Numeric Equivalents
`509
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`Appendix F
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`Internet Domains
`
`517
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`Appendix G
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`
`
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`Common File Extensions
`527
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`Appendix H
`_ Year 2000 Problem Reference
`536
`
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`

`
`Quarterly Sales Summary
`
`
`
`Quarter
`
`Area chart.
`
`arg n. See argument.
`
`argument n. An independent variable, used with an
`operator or passed to a subprogram that uses the ar-
`gument to carry out specific operations. See also al-
`gorithm, operator (definition 1), parameter,
`subprogram.
`
`ARIN n. Acronym for American Registry for Internet
`Numbers. A nonprofit organization formed to register
`and administer Internet Protocol (IP) addresses in
`North and South America. The American Registry for
`Internet Numbers separates the allocation of IP ad-
`dresses from the administration of top-level Internet
`domains, such as .com and .edu. Both of these tasks
`were previously managed by Network Solutions,
`Inc., as part of the InterNIC consortium. Its intema—
`tional counterparts are RIPE, in Europe, and APNIC,
`in Asia and the Pacific Rim. See also APNIC,
`InterNIC, IP address, RIPE.
`
`arithmetic‘ adj. Pertaining to the mathematical opera-
`tions of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and
`division.
`
`arithmetic’ n. The branch of mathematics dealing
`with the addition, subtraction, multiplication, and
`division of real numbers.
`
`arithmetic expression n. A series of elements, includ-
`ing data labels and constants as well as numbers, that
`are joined by arithmetic operators, such as + and —,
`and can be calculated to produce a value.
`
`arithmetic logic unit 11. A component of a micropro-
`cessor chip used for arithmetic, comparative, and
`logical functions. Acronym: ALU. See also gate
`(definition 1).
`
`arithmetic operation n. Any of the standard calcula-
`tions performed in arithmetic—addition, subtraction,
`multiplication, or division. The term is also used in
`reference to negative numbers and absolute values.
`
`array processor
`
`arithmetic operator n. An operator that performs an
`arithmetic operation: +, —,*, or /. An arithmetic op-
`erator usually takes one or two arguments. See also
`argument, binaryl, logical operator, operator (defini-
`tion 1), unary.
`
`.arj n. The DOS file extension used with archive files
`created with the AR] compression program.
`ARP \a'rp\ rt. Acronym for Address Resolution Proto-
`col. A TCP/IP protocol for determining the hardware
`address (or physical address) of a node on a local
`area network connected to the Internet, when only
`the IP address (or logical address) is known. An ARP
`request is sent to the network, and the node that has
`the IP address responds with its hardware address.
`Although ARP technically refers only to finding the
`hardware address, and RARP (for Reverse ARP) re-
`fers to the reverse procedure, ARP is commonly used
`for both senses. See also IP address, TCP/IP.
`
`ARPANET \ar’p9—net‘\ n. A large wide area network
`created in the 1960s by the U.S. Department of De-
`fense Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA,
`renamed DARPA in the 1970s) for the free exchange
`of information between universities and research or-
`
`ganizations, although the military also used this net-
`work for communications. In the 1980s MILNET, a
`separate network, was spun off from ARPANET for
`use by the military. ARPANET was the network from
`which the Internet evolved. See also Internet,
`MILNET,
`
`ARP request \a.rp’ rs-kwest‘\ n. Short for Address
`Resolution Protocol request. An ARP packet con-
`taining the Internet address of a host computer. The
`receiving computer responds with or passes along the
`corresponding Ethernet address. See also ARP,
`Ethernet, IP address, packet.
`
`array n. In programming, a list of data values, all of
`the same_type, any element of which can be refer-
`enced by an expression consisting of the array name
`followed by an indexing expression. Arrays are part
`of the fundamentals of data structures, which, in turn,
`are a major fundamental of computer programming.
`See also array element, indexl, record‘, vector.
`
`array element n. A data value in an array.
`
`array processor n. A group of interconnected, identi-
`cal processors operating synchronously, often under
`the control of a central processor.
`
`29
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`supported by a database management system
`(DBMS). Thus, one speaks of a relational DBMS, a
`network DBMS, and so on, depending on the type of
`data model a DBMS supports. In general, a DBMS
`supports only one data model as a practical rather
`than a theoretical restriction.
`
`data network 11. A network designed for transferring
`data encoded as digital signals, as opposed to a voice
`network, which transmits analog signals.
`
`Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification n.
`See DOCSIS.
`
`data packet n. See packet.
`data path n. The route that a signal follows as it trav-
`els through a computer network.
`data point n. Any pair of numeric values plotted on
`a chart.
`
`data processing 11. 1. The general work performed by
`computers. 2. More specifically, the manipulation of
`data to transform it into some desired result. Acronym:
`DP. Also called ADP, automatic data processing, EDP,
`electronic data processing. See also centralized process-
`ing, decentralized processing, distributed processing.
`Data Processing Management Association n. See
`DPMA.
`
`data projector n. A device, similar to a slide projec-
`tor, that projects the video monitor output of a com-
`puter onto a screen.
`
`data protection n. The process of ensuring the preser-
`vation, integrity, and reliability of data. See also data
`integrity.
`
`data rate n. The speed at which a circuit or communi-
`cations line can transfer information, usually mea-
`sured in bits per second (bps).
`data record n. See record‘.
`
`data reduction 11. The process of converting raw data
`to a more useful form by sealing, smoothing, order-
`ing, or other editing procedures.
`
`data segment n. The portion of memory or auxiliary
`storage that contains the data used by a program.
`Data Service Unit 11. See DDS.
`
`data set n. 1. A collection of related information
`made up of separate elements that can be treated as a
`unit in data handling. 2. In communications, a mo-
`dem. See also modem.
`
`Data Set Ready n. See DSR.
`
`data sharing n. The use of a single file by more than‘
`one person or computer. Data sharing can be done b ,
`physically transferring a file from one computer to
`another, or, more commonly, by networking and
`computer-to-computer communications.
`
`data
`
`data signal n.‘The information transmitted over a line
`or circuit. It consists of binary digits and can include
`actual information or messages and other elements
`such as control characters or error-checking codes.
`
`data sink n. 1. Any recording medium where data can
`be stored until needed. 2. In communications, the
`portion of a Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) device
`that receives transmitted data.
`
`data source rt. 1. The originator of computer data,
`frequently an analog or digital data collection device.
`2. In communications, the portion of a Data Terminal 3
`Equipment (DTE) device that sends data.
`data stream n. An undifferentiated, byte-by-byte flow
`of data.
`
`data structure n. An organizational scheme, such as a
`record or array, that can be applied to data to facilitate
`interpreting the data or performing operations on it.
`data switch n. A device in a computer system that
`routes incoming data to various locations.
`
`Data Terrninal Equipment n. See DTE.
`Data Terminal Ready n. See DTR.
`
`data traffic n. The exchange of electronic messages——
`control and data—across a network. Traffic capacity
`is measured in bandwidth; traffic speed is measured
`in bits per unit of time.
`data transfer n. The movement of information from
`one location to another, either within a computer (as
`from a disk drive to memory), between a computer and
`an external device (as between a file server and a com-
`puter on a network), or between separate computers.
`data transfer rate n. See data rate.
`
`data transmission n. The electronic transfer of infor-
`mation from a sending device to a receiving device.
`
`data type n. In programming, a definition of a set of
`data that specifies the possible range of values of the
`set, the operations that can be performed on the val-
`ues, and the way in which the values are stored in
`memory. Defining the data type allows a computer to
`
`Petitioners‘ EX1029 Page 7
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