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`Yd NewOxford
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`America]
`Dictinary
`Third Edition
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`xfor I
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`erican
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`ictionary
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`THIRD EDITION
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`Edited by
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`Angus Stevenson
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`Christine A. Lindberg
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`FIRST EDITION
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`Elizabeth J. Jewell
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`Frank Abate
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`OXFORD
`UNIVERSITY PRES S
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`OXFORD
`UNIVERSITY PRESS
`
`Oxford University Press, lnc., publishes works that further
`Oxford University‘s objective of excellence
`in research, scholarship, and education.
`Oxford New York
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`Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press
`First edition 2001
`Second edition 2005
`Third edition 2010
`
`Published by Oxford University Press, inc.
`198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 1oo16
`www.oup.com
`
`Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press
`
`All rights reserved. N 0 part of this publication may be reproduced,
`stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
`electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
`without the prior permission of Oxford University Press.
`
`The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Data available
`
`ISBN 978—oA19—539288—3
`
`9 8
`Printed in the United States of America
`on acid—free paper
`
`153623331315D735
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`IPRZO17-00351
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`gathered: the program is a compendium of outtakes
`from our archives.
`— ORIGIN late 16th cent.: from Latin,‘profit, saving’
`(literally ‘what is weighed together‘), from
`compendere, from come ‘together’ + pendere ‘weigh.’
`corn-pen-sa-ble lkam'pensabal,' > adj. (of aloss or
`hardship) for which compensation can be obtained.
`— ORIGIN mid 17th cent.: French, from compenser,
`from Latin compensare ‘weigh (something) against
`(another).‘
`com-pen-sate ,I“kiimpon,siItf > v.1 [with obj.]
`give (someone) something, typically money, in
`recognition of loss, suffering, or injury incurred;
`recompense: payments were made to farmers
`to compensate themfor cuts in subsidies. I pay
`(someone) for work performed: he will be richly
`compensated for his efforts.
`2 [no obj.l (compensate for) make up for (something
`unwelcome or unpleasant) by exerting an opposite
`force or effect: officials have boosted levies to
`compensate for huge deficits. I act to neutralize
`or correct (a deficiency or abnormality in a
`physical property or effect): the output voltage
`rises, compensatingfor the original fall. I Psychology
`attempt to conceal or offset (a disability or
`frustration) by development in another direction:
`they identified with radical movements to
`compensate for their inability to relate to individual
`human beings.
`3 [wlth ob[.] Mechanics provide (a pendulum) with
`extra or less weight to neutralize the effects of
`temperature, etc.
`~ DERIVATIVES com-pen-sa-tive /kampensativ,
`'l<ampan,sativ;' adj., com-pen-sa-tor /-,satar,f n.
`— DRIGIN mid 17th cent. (in the sense
`‘counterbalance’): from Latin compensatv ‘weighed
`against,‘ from the verb compensare, from com—
`‘together’ + pensare (frequentative of pendere
`‘weigh‘).
`com-pen-sa-tion /,kampan'sasHan,' D n. Something,
`typically money, awarded to someone as a
`recompense for loss, injury, or suffering: seeking
`compensation for injuries suffered at work] [as
`modifier] a compensation claim. I the action or process
`of making such an award: the compensation of
`victims. I the money received by an employee from
`an employer as a salary or wages. I something that
`counterbalances or makes up for an undesirable
`or unwelcome state of affairs: the gray streets of
`London were small compensation for the loss ofher
`beloved Africa l getting older has some compensations.
`I Psychology the process of concealing or offsetting
`a psychological difficulty by developing in another
`direction.
`—oER1vATIvEs com-pen-sa-tion-al /cSHanl1' adj.
`— ORIGIN late Middle English: via Old French from
`Latin compensatio(n—), from the verb compensare
`‘weigh against’ (see colvleeusnre).
`com-pen-sa-tion pen-ciu-Ium > :1. Physics a
`pendulum constructed from metals with differing
`coefficients of expansion in order to neutralize the
`effects of temperature variation.
`com-pen-sa-to-ry /karn'pensa,tc“>ré,' > adj. (ofa
`payment) intended to recompense someone who has
`experienced loss, suffering, or injury: $50 million in
`compensatory damages. I reducing or offsetting the
`unpleasant or unwelcome effects of something: the
`government is taking compensatory actions to keep
`the interest rate constant.
`com-pen-sa-to-ry time > n. an arrangement by
`which eligible employees are entitled to time off in
`lieu of overtime pay.
`com-pere ,"l<iirn,pe(a)ry‘ Brit. 1- n. a person who
`introduces the performers or contestants in a
`variety show; host.
`p v. [with obj] act as a compete for (such a show).
`— DRIGIN early 20th cent.: French, literally ‘godfather.’
`com-pete /l<am'petf > v. [no obj] strive to gain
`or win something by defeating or establishing
`superiority over others who are trying to do the
`same: universities are competingfor applicants [ he
`competed with a number ofother candidates | (as adj.
`competing) competing political ideologies. I take
`part in a contest: he competed in numerous track
`meets as a child.
`— ORIGIN early 17th cent.: from Latin competere, in
`its late sense ‘strive or contend for (something),’
`from com- ‘together’ + petere ‘aim at, seek.’
`corn-pe-tence /'kampotensI(a1so competency
`/—tonse/) > n. 1 the ability to do something
`successfully or efficiently: the players displayed
`varying degrees of competence. I the legal authority
`
`of the rules of their language. Often contrasted
`with esnronmmce. I Biology & Medicine effective
`performance of the normal function.
`2 dated an income large enough to live on, typically
`unearned: he found himselfwith an ample
`competence and no obligations.
`com«pe-tent rkampatantf 1» adj. having the
`necessary ability, knowledge, or skill to do
`something successfully: a highly competent surgeon [
`make sure thefirm is competent to carry out the
`work. I (of a person) efficient and capable: an
`infinitely competent mother of three. I acceptable
`and satisfactory, though not outstanding: she spoke
`quite competent French. I (chiefly of a court or
`other body) accepted as having legal authority to
`dealwith a particular matter: the governor was not
`the competent authority to deal with the matter.
`I (of a criminal defendant) able to understand
`the charges and to aid in defending themselves.
`I Biology 8: Medicine capable of performing the normal
`function effectively.
`— DERIVATIVES com-pe-tent-iy adv.
`— oaicm late Middle English (in the sense ‘suitable,
`adequate’): from Latin competent, from the verb
`competere in its earlier sense ‘he fit or proper’ (see
`COMPETE).
`com-pe-ti-tion l,k.'ampa'tisHanf } n. the activity or
`condition of competing: there isfierce competition
`between banks [ at this conservatory, competition for
`admissions is stiff. I an event or contest in which
`people compete: a beauty competition. I [in sing.] the
`person or people with whom one is competing, esp.
`in a commercial or sporting arena; the opposition: I‘
`walked around to check out the competition. I Ecology
`interaction between organisms, populations, or
`species, in which birth, growth and death depend on
`gaining a share of a limited environmental resource.
`— ORIGIN early 17th cent.: from late Latin
`comps-titio(n-) ‘rivalry,’ from competere ‘strive for’
`{see cow:-re).
`com-pet-i-tive /kem‘petativf > adj. 1 of, relating
`to, or characterized by competition: a competitive
`sport [ the intensely competitive newspaper industry.
`I having or displaying a strong desire to be more
`successful than others: she had a competitive streak.
`2 as good as or better than others of a comparable
`nature: a car industry competitive with any in the
`world. I (of prices) low enough to compare well
`with those of rival merchants: we offer prompt
`service at competitive rates.
`~DEIuvA'r1vEs com-pet-i-tive-ness n.
`— ORIGIN early 19th cent.: from Latin competit-
`‘striven for,’ from the verb competere (see
`comets), + -Ive.
`com-pet-i-tive ex-clu-sion > n. Ecology the
`inevitable elimination from a habitat of one of two
`different species with identical needs for resources.
`com-pet-i-tive-ly fk-am'petativ1el > adv. 1 in a way
`that strives to gain or win something by defeating
`others: theirfather rowed competitively.
`2 (with reference to a product‘s pricing) in a way
`that compares favorably with others of the same
`nature: our exports remained competitively priced.
`cam-pet-i-tor j'l(3lTl‘[JEt3ial'j' > ii. an organization or
`country that is engaged in commercial or economic
`competition with others: our main industrial
`competitors. I a person who takes part in an athletic
`contest.
`
`com-pi-Ia-tion /,k.':-impa‘lasHen,' > n. 1 the action
`or process of producing something, esp. a list, book,
`or report, by assembling information collected
`from other sources: great care has been taken in the
`compilation ofthis guidebook.
`2 a thing, esp. a book, record, or broadcast program,
`that is put, together by assembling previously
`separate items: there are thirtyathree stories in this
`compilation | [as modifier] a compilation album.
`— ORIGIN late Middle English: via Old French from
`Latin compilatio(n-), from compilare‘to plunder’
`(see compute).
`com-pile /kam'pilf I» v. [wlth c-b[.l 1 produce
`(something, esp. a list, report, or book) by
`assembling information collected from other
`sources: the local authority must compile a list
`oftaxpayers. I collect (information) in order to
`produce something: the figures were compiledfrorn
`a survey of2,ooo schoolchildren. in accumulate (a
`specified score): the 49ers have compiled a league-
`leacling 14-2 record.
`2 Computing (of a computer) convert (a program) into
`a machinecode or lower-level form in which the
`program can be executed.
`
`E" “Seal?:"Siamese.afi.s°.~!nA=e*T- =
`com-pleat /l<am'plety‘ 5 adj. 8. v. archaic spelling of_
`CUMPLETE.
`
`com-plect-ed fkem'plel<tad/ b adj. {in combination] ~-
`having a specified complexion: lighter-complected
`invaders from the north.
`-oR1c:IN early 19th cent.: apparently from
`cmuiptexiou.
`
`com-ple-ment r :1. Fkiimplemant/1 a thing that‘
`completes or brings to perfection: the libretto proved"
`a perfect complement to the music.
`2 [in slog.) a number or quantity of something
`required to make a group complete: at the moment
`we have afull complement afstaff. I the number "
`of tlelgpfifibrg-|cl.?_c6Yja3l§-glalmost halfthe
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`esp. in jazz or blues.
`3 Brit. inlorrnal the practice of entering competitions
`esp. those promoting consumer products.
`— DERIVATIVES comp-er y‘-par,‘ n. (Brit) (sense 3).
`com-pla-cert-cy fkam'plasonséf (also complacenée
`> n. a feeling of smug or uncritical satisfaction with
`oneself or one’s achievements: thefigures are lrett"
`but there are no grounds for complacency.
`— DRIGIN mid 17th cent.: from medieval Latin
`cornplacentia, from Latin complacere ‘to please.’
`com-pla-cent fkem‘plasent,l 1:» adj. showing smug
`or uncritical satisfaction with oneself or one’s '_ "
`achievements: you can‘t aflord to be complacent '-
`about security.
`— DERIVATIVES cam-pla-cent-ly adv.
`— ORIGIN mid 17th cent. (in the sense ‘pleasant’)'
`from Latin complacent ‘pleasing,’ from the ver
`complacere.
`
`- l.lSAGE_/Co'1_1'1pla'cé_nt‘ and cornpiais'ant"ar_e'two
`'ords't_hat are similar ln"‘pror'runclatlo_n and
`both‘ come from the Latin_véi'b_ corntil-acere,ft
`-;"p|ease' but-in‘ Eng|ish'do__rlot_' rl"_Iea_r'I.Ih'e sa_'r_ne'
`' thing-. (-:o_n~‘ipla:_cent_'is' the more coinmo we
`{and means-j‘s'mug andse|f»satlsfiedf:
`_ conse'c'_ui'ive_ championships, the tea
`'_ cojmpla'ce'r.-t." Complaisant,-'on'_tl:e_ other hand
`'rneans.'v'vilEing to please_':" the" l'oca_l"pe'ople pr
`_'
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`_'-'2complaisant'a'od'cordia _
`_-
`com-plain ll<am'planf iv v. [with obj] express
`dissatisfaction or annoyance about a state of affair
`or an event: local authorities complained that the '
`lacked sufficient resources [ [no ob[.] "You never listen
`to me,”Larry complained | [no obj] we all complained
`bitterly about thefood. I [no ob[.] (complain of)
`state that one is suffering from (a pain or other.‘
`symptom of illness): her husband began to complai
`ofheadaches. I [no ob[.] state a grievance: they
`complained to the French government. I [no obj]-.
`literary make a mournful sound: let the warblingflilte
`complain. I -[no obj.[ (of a structure or mechanistri)
`groan or creak under strain.
`— DERIVATIVES com-plain-er n., corn-plain-ing-Iy adv.
`-ORlGlN late Middle English: from Old French .
`complaindre, from medieval Latin complangere _
`‘hewail,’ from com— (expressing intensive force} +.
`plangere ‘to lament.‘
`com-plain-ant /kom'planant,' > n. Law a plaintiffin
`certain lawsuits.
`—0RIt;iN late Middle English: from French
`complaignant, present participle of cornplaindre ‘t
`lament’ (see COMPLAIN).
`com-plaint lkarn'plant[ 3» n. 1 a statement that a
`situation is unsatisfactory or unacceptable: linteri
`to make an Ofl"lCltll complaint | there were complairits
`that the building was an eyesore. I a reason for
`dissatisfaction: l have no complaints about the
`hotel. I the expression of dissatisfaction: a letter
`ofcomplaintl he hasn’t any causefor complaint.
`I Law the plaintiff's reasons for proceeding in a civil
`action.
`'
`2 an illness or medical condition, esp. a relatively'._
`minor one: she is receiving treatmentfor her skin.'_
`complaint.
`— ORIGIN late Middle English: from Old French '
`complainte, feminine past participle of complaind
`‘to lament‘ (see coMP:.Am).
`com-plai-sant lkarnplasontf > all}. willing to ple
`others; obliging; agreeable: when unharnessed,
`Northern dogs are peaceful and complaisant.
`- DERIVATIVES com-piai-sance n., cum-plai-sant-ly.
`adv.
`— oR1c1N mid 17th cent.: French, from complaire
`‘acquiesce in order to please,’ from Latin complacere _
`‘to please.’
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`corn-ple-rrient fix-a-tlon test to n. Medicine a test
`for infection with a microorganism that involves
`measuring the amount of complement available in
`serum to bind with an antibody~antigen complex.
`com-ple-men-tiz-er l'l<ii1npia,men,tizar,—man-/
`D n. Grammar aword or morpheme that marks an
`embedded clause as functioning as a complement,
`typically a subordinating conjunction or infinitival to.
`com-plete ,'karn‘plét,' > adj. 1 having all the
`necessary or appropriate parts: a complete list
`ofcourses offered by the college i no wardrobe is
`complete this ycdrwithout culottes. in entire; full: I
`only managed one complete term at school. I having
`run its full course; finished: the restoration ofthe
`chapel is complete.
`2 (often used for emphasis) to the greatest extent
`or degree; total: a complete ban on smoking l their
`marriage came as a complete surprise to me. I (also
`ccimpleat) chielly humorous skilled at every aspect of
`a particular activity; consummate: these articles
`are for the compleat mathematician. [the spelling
`compleot is a revival of the 17th cent. use as in
`Walton's The Compleat/-ingler.]
`> v. [with obi] 1 finish making or doing: he completed
`his Ph.D. in 1983. I Football (esp. of a quarterback)
`successfully throw (a forward pass) to a receiver: he
`completed .12 ofrfipossesfor 128 yards. I [no obi] Brit.
`conclude the sale of a property.
`2 make (something) whole or perfect: he only
`needed one thing to complete his happiness i
`more recent box cameras complete the collection.
`ll write the required information on (a form or
`questionnaire): please complete the attachedforms.
`—PHRASES complete with having something as an
`additional part or feature: the detachable keyboard
`comes complete with numeric keypad.
`eDBRiVATIVES com-plete-ness n.
`—0RiG1N late Middle English: from Old French
`complet or Latin completus, past participle
`of complere ‘fill up, finish, fulfill,’ from com-
`(expressing intensive force) + plere ‘fill.’
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`I.;'usA_'a_£_'-.on".ihe"n_se"isi a__i;l}'ecti\_/es,§lil_<e ='cam'p_lete,
`equal-, and :unique_.wlth s_ul:_:r'n_o<:_ln‘_iers_su'ch _as_ var
`.'.;_)r _more,.s'ee.;usage at u_N_|_oi._ie.
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`corn-plete game > n. Baseball a game in which one
`pitcher pitches all innings without relief.
`com-plete-ly ,'kem‘pletle[ I» adv. totally; utterly: the
`fire completely destroyed the buildlngl [as submadifierl
`no code can be completely secure.
`com-ple-tion ,'kam’plesi-ion] > 11. the action or
`process of finishing something: funds for the
`completion ofthe new building. a the state of being
`finished: work on the new golfcourse is nearing
`completion l [as mocliiierl the completion date is early
`next year. I Football a successful forward pass:2.I
`completions in 26 attemptsfor 233 yards. 3 Law the
`final stage in the sale ofa property, at which point
`it legally changes ownership: the risk stays with the
`seller until completion.
`— ORIGIN late 15th cent.: from Latin compleriona,
`from cornplere ‘fill up’ (see COMPLETE).
`comeple-tist lkam‘plétist/ b ii. an obsessive,
`typically indiscriminate, collector or fan of
`something.
`com-ple-tive ikom'plétiv/ is n. Grammar a word or
`morplierne that adds a sense of completeness to a
`word or phrase (e.g., up in the phrase break up).
`corn-plex av adj. lkiinrpleks, kem'pleks,‘k'2in'1,plel<s,'
`1 consisting of many different and connected parts:
`a complex network ofwater channels. E not easy to
`analyze or understand; complicated or intricate: a
`complex personalityl the situation is more complex
`than it appears.
`2, Mathematics denoting or involving numbers or
`quantities containing both a real and an imaginary
`part.
`3 Chemistry denoting an ion or molecule in which
`one or more groups are linked to a metal atom by
`coordinate bonds.
`is n. i"kam,pleks,' 1 agroup of similar buildings or
`facilities on the same site: a new apartment complex i
`a complex of hotels. I a group or system of different
`things that are linked in a close or complicated way;
`a network: a complex ofmountain roads.
`2 Psychoanalysis a related group of emotionally
`significant ideas that are completely or partly
`
` plementarity complement of322 were wounded. in Geometry
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`complication
`compound) form a complex with another: the DNA
`was complexed with the nuclear extract i (as adj.
`complexed) the complexed metal ion. I [no obi] form
`a complex: these proteins are capable of complexing
`with VP16.
`— DERIVATIVES cum-piex-a-tian ,'1<am_plek'sasHen,
`Remy I1. (Chemistry), com-plex-ly adv.
`~ oniom mid 17th cent. (in the sense ‘group of
`related elements’): from Latin complexus, past
`participle (used as a noun) of complectere ‘embrace,
`comprise,’ later associated with complexus ‘plaited’;
`the adjective is partly via French complexe.
`com-pleat con-ju-gate > :1. Mathematics each of two
`complex numbers having their real parts identical
`and their imaginary parts of equal magnitude but
`opposite sign.
`com-plex-ion lkarn‘pleksHen,i 1» n. 1 the natural
`color, texture, and appearance of a person’s skin,
`esp. of the face: an attractive girl with a pale
`complexion.
`,
`.
`2 the general aspect or character of something:
`Congress's new complexion became boldly apparent
`lastsumrner | wind, rain, and road construction have
`gradually changed llaja’s complexion.
`— DERIVATIVES com-plex-ioned adj. [often in
`combination] they were both fairacomplexioned.
`— ORIGIN Middle English: via Old French from
`Latin i:ornplexio(n-) ‘combination’ (in late Latin
`‘physical constitution’), from complectere ‘embrace,
`comprise.’ The term originally denoted physical
`constitution or temperament determined by the
`combination of the four bodily hurnors, hence sense
`1 (late 16th cent.) as a visible sign of this.
`complex-i-ty lkardpleksitéi )» n. (pl. complexities)
`the state or quality ofbeing intricate or
`con1plicated:ariissue ofgreat complexity. I (usu.
`complexities) a factor involved in a complicated
`process or situation: the complexities offamily life.
`com-plex plane 5» n. an infinite two—dimensional
`space representing the set of complex nurnbers,'esp.
`one in which Cartesian coordinates represent the
`real and imaginary parts of the complex numbers.
`com-plex sen-tence > n. Grammar a sentence
`containing a subordinate clause or clauses.
`com-pll-ance /l<am'plians,i (also cornpliancy
`/-'pliensé/) 5 ll. 1 the action or fact of complying
`with a wish or command: they must secure each
`other’: cooperation or compliance. I the state
`or fact of according with or meeting rules or
`standards: all imports of timber are in compliance
`with regulations I [as modifier] this paper estimates the
`compliance costs ofsuch a policy change. I unworthy
`or excessive acquiescence: the appalling compliance
`with government views shown by the commission.
`2 Physics the property of a material of undergoing
`elastic deformation or (of a gas) change in volume
`when subjected to an applied force. It is equal to
`the reciprocal of stiffness. I Medicine the ability of an
`organ to distend in response to applied pressure.
`com-pli-ant i'l<aIn‘plient,' > adj. 1 inclined to agree
`with others or obey rules, esp. to an excessive
`degree; acquiescent: good-humored, eagerly
`compliant girls. I meeting or in accordance with
`rules or standards: the systems are Y2K compliant.
`2 Physics 8: Medicine having the property of compliance.
`— o EIUVATIVES com-pli-ant-ly adv.
`corn-pli-cate /‘kiimpla,l<at,' p v. [with obi] make
`(something) more difficult or confusing by causing
`it to be more complex: middlemen can complicate the
`process l (as adj. complicating) a cornplicatingfactor.
`I Medicine introduce complications in (an existing
`condition): smoking may complicate pregnancy.
`— ORIGIN early 17th cent. (in the sense ‘combine,
`entangle, intertwine’): from Latin complicatr‘folded
`together,’ from the verb cornplicare, from comv
`‘together’+ plicare ‘to fold.’
`'
`com-pli-cat-ed /'l<'aimpla,katid/ hr adj. 1 consisting
`of many interconnecting parts or elements;
`intricate: a complicated stereo system. I involving
`many different and confusing aspects: a long and
`complicated saga.
`2 Medicine involving complications: complicated
`appendicitis.
`w DERIVATIVES com-pli-cat-ed-ly adv.
`com-pli-ca-tiori /,kampla'l<asHanl I» n. 1 a
`circumstance that complicates something; a
`difficulty: there is or complication concerning
`
`mount in degrees by which a given angle is less
`°. I Mathematics the members ofa set that are
`embers ofa given subset.
`[a_m]'_[]_ai’ one or more words, phrases, or clauses
`' ned by a verb (or by a nominalization or a
`cative adjective) that complete the meaning of
`redicate. n (in systemic grammar) an adjective
`noun that has the same reference as either the
`(as mad in he is mad) or the object (as road
`rove her mad).
`liysioiogy a group of proteins present in blood
`sma ‘and tissue fluid that combine with an
`[gen antibody complex to bring about the lysis
`
`_ nt, Amentl [with obi] add to (something) in
`a3.-that enhances or improves it; make perfect:
`asstc blazer complements a look that‘s stylish or
`_ add to or make complete: the proposals
`rnent the incentives already available.
`1uv__AT.1vEs com-ple-men-tal l,l<iimpla'mentll adj.
`I-N_ -late Middle English (in the sense
`p]ei:_i_on’): from Latin complcmenttim, from
`‘fill up’ (see COMPLETE). Compare with
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`_s con_iplem_e_n_tary _and_.
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` n and women. I Physics the concept that two
`a_st_ed_ theories, such as the wave and particle
`ies of light, may be able to explain a set
`__er_i gnena, although each separately only
`ts _fo_r some aspects. II law the principle
`Llrisdictions will not overlap in legislation,
`.St_r_ation, or prosecution of crime.
`_ ‘la-me-n«ta-ry ,',l<a’mpla'ment(a)réi' I» adj.
`ornbining in such a way as to enhance or
`ze the qualities of each other or another:
`
`
`_ anal technologies. I Biochemistry (of gene
`"nucleotides, etc.) related by the rules of
`
`"bl of or relating to complementary medicine:
`le_ entary therapies such as aromatherapy.
`IVES com-ple-men-ta-rivly
`rrientrale, —men‘terelef adv.,
`pie-man-ta-ri-ness n.
`_ men-ta-ry an-gle > n. either of two
`hose sum is 90“.
`
`
`
`
`6;l'S'1‘ecl and green or blue and orange, that when
`med in the right proportions, produce white
`
`Fe-men-ta-ry dis-tri-bu-tian la» n. Linguistics
`currence of speech sounds in mutually
`
` y DNA >» rt. Biochemistry
`F-_l:._ll_: DNA in which the sequence of bases is
`lerneritary to that of a given example of DNA.
`
`._e "general solution of a linear differential
`l'l_.that is the general solution of the
`ed homogeneous equation obtained by
`
`uting zero for the terms not containing the
`em variable.
`_ men-ta-ry med-i-cine Ir» ii. any ofa range
`C11 al therapies that fall beyond the scope of
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`Mesopotamia
`with a supercell; its presence is a condition for a
`tornado warning.
`—{JRIGlN late zoth cent.
`mes-o-derm /'meza,darm, 'rne—/ 1» n. Embryology the
`middle layer of an embryo in early development,
`between the endoderm and ectoderrn.
`— DERIVATIVES mes-0-der-mal ,l,me2e'demel, me-I
`adj., mes-o-der-mic ,'-'dorInik,l adj.
`-ORIGIN late 19th cent.: from ME50-‘l'1'lldC1lE’-i- Greek
`derma ‘skin.’
`mes-o-gas-tri-um ;‘,meze'gastréam, ,n1é-,' I» n. (pl.
`mesogastria /-tree/) Anatomy the middle region
`of the abdomen between the epigastrium and the
`hypogastrium.
`— DERIVATIVES mes-o-gas-tric /—trik,i adj.
`— ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: modern Latin, from Mesa-
`‘middle’+ Greek gastér, gastrv ‘stomach.’
`mes-o-kur-tic /,meza‘l-cartilc, ,me-/ iv adj. Statistics
`(of a frequency distribution or its graphical
`representation) having the same lcurtosis as the
`normal distribution. Compare with LEPTDKURTIC,
`3’LATVKlJl'|T[C.
`— DERIVATIVES mes-0-kur-to-sis /,meza1<er'tosis,
`,mé-I n.
`— ORIGIN early zoth cent.: from MESO- ‘middle’ +
`Greek kurtas ‘bulging’ + -IC.
`mes-o-lect /'meza,lekt, 'mese—, 'rnéza—, ‘mesa-,l
`>» 1:. (relative to the acrolect and the basilect) an
`intermediate dialect or variety of a particular
`language (used esp. in the study of Creoles).
`— DERIVATIVES mas-a-Iec-tal ,i,meze'iektel, ,meso—,
`,rnéze-, ,méso—[ adj.
`Mes-D-Iith-ic /,meza‘liTHik, ,mé-1' > adj. Archaeology of,
`relating to. or denoting the middle part of the Stone
`Age, between the Paleolithic and Neolithic. II (as
`noun the Mesolithic) the Mesolithic period. Also
`called MIDDLE STONE AGE.
`
`in Europe" the "|\.'les'olithic fallsbetween the" en‘
`;-
`__
`, of t_he,l_ast_g|acial.p_eri_o ' i:.__85Dl) lac) ‘an'dft_h_e
`ed -3-
`.I;_eg'innings' of_agricuItu're.'Mesolithic people"
`.-by l1u_ntlng,'gathe_rin
`_ ncl_fisl_1ir_1_g, a'_{id the p r_io'cl
`is characterized by_'the.u_s'_e of microliths _and_th
`-first do_rne_stica_I;ior_:_of_,ar1_ a_nirna_|.'(ti'_ie clog).; -j-
`— ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: from NlE50- ‘middle’ + Greek
`lithos ‘stone’ + -IC.
`me-sum-er-isrn /mo‘s'ama,rizem,—'za—,' I» In. Chemistry
`old—fashioned term for RESONANCE.
`— DERIVATIVES mes-a-mer-ic /,meza‘merik,
`,mes-,' adj.
`mes-o-morph f‘meza,m6rf, ‘me—/ > n. Physiologya
`person with a compact and muscular body build.
`Compare with ECTOMORPH and ENDOMDRFH.
`— DERIVATIVES mes-o-mor-phi: /,meza'mc”Irfik,
`,mé-f adj.
`~ ORIGIN 19205: mesoe from mesodermal (being
`the layer of the embryo giving rise to physical
`characteristics that predominate) + -MORPH.
`me-son l‘mez,an, ‘ma_z.'2in, 'me,ziin,' p n. Physics a
`subatomic particle that is intermediate in mass
`between an electron and a proton and transmits the
`strong interaction that binds nucleons together in
`the atomic nucleus.
`— DERIVATIVES me-son-ic ln1e‘zanik, mi-, me-,' adj.
`— ORiGIN 19305: from ME50- ‘intermediate’ + -Dhi.
`mes-o-pause /'meze,p62, they ) n. the boundary
`in the earth’s atmosphere between the mesosphere
`and the thermosphere, at which the temperature
`stops decreasing with increasing height and begins
`to increase.
`mes-o-pe-lag-ic f,rnezepe‘lajil<, ,1ner,' b adj. Biology
`(of fish and other organisms) inhabiting the
`intertnediate depths of the sea, approximately
`65o—3,3oo feet (2oo~I,ooo m) below the surface.
`mes-o-phyll /‘meze,fil, ‘me-1‘ > n. Botany the inner
`tissue (parenchyma) of a leaf, containing many
`chloroplasts.
`—- DERIVATIVES mes-o-phyl-lic l,meza‘filik, ,mé-,' adj.,
`mes-o-phyl-lous f,meze'filos, ,rné—,' adj.
`— ORIGIN mid 19th cent.: from MESO» ‘middle’ + Greek
`phullori ‘leaf.’
`mes-o-phyte /'meza,fit, ‘me! 9- n. Botany a plant
`needing only a moderate amount of water.
`— D E RIVATIVI-ZS mes-o-phyt-ic ,',meza‘fitik, ,me—/ adj.
`Mesoo-po-ta-mi-a f_mesapo‘tarnea/ an ancient
`region of southwestern Asia in present-day Iraq,
`lying between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Its
`alluvial plains were the site of the civilizations of
`Akkacl, Suiner, Babylonia, and Assyria.
`
`'
`
`1097
`gear meshes with the input gear. a make or become
`entangled or entwined: [no obj.] theirfingers mashedl
`[with obj] ldorrt want to get meshed in the weeds. II he
`in or bring into harmony: [no obj.] her memory of
`events doesn’t mesh with the world around her.
`2 [with obj.] represent (a geometric object) as a set
`of finite elements for computational analysis or
`modeling.
`— PH RASES in mesh (of the teeth of gearwheels)
`engaged.
`~ DERIVATIVES meshed adj., mesh-y adj.
`m ORIGIN late Middle English: probably from an
`unrecorded Old English word related to (and
`perhaps reinforced in Middle English by) Middle
`Dutch maesche, of Germanic origin.
`Me-shed variant of NIASHHAD.
`me-shu-ga /ma'sI-Io‘oga,' (also rneshugga or
`meshugah) > adj. informal (ofa person) crazy; idiotic:
`either a miracle is taking place, or we're all meshuga.
`— ORIGIN late 19th cent.: from Yiddish meshuge, from
`Hebrew.
`
`rne-shu-gaas /masI-IoT1g'as/ I» n. informal mad or
`idiotic ideas or behavior: there’: method in this man’:
`rneshngaas.
`—ORIGIN early zoth cent.: Yiddish, noun from
`MESHUGA.
`
`me-shug-ga-na /me’SHofJgene,' (also meshuggener
`or meshugenah) b n. informal a mad or idiotic person.
`— ORIGIN early zoth cent.: Variant of MESHUGA.
`me-si-al f'me2éal,:‘ > adj. Anatomy of, in, or directed
`toward the middle line of a body.
`— DERIVATIVES me-si-al-Iy adv.
`— ORIGIN early 19th cent.: formed irregularly from
`Greek mesas ‘middle’ + -IAL.
`mes-ic‘ f'mezik, ‘me-I > adj. Ecology (of an
`environment or habitat) containing a moderate
`amount of moisture. Compare with nvomc and
`XERIC.
`— ORIGIN 19205: from Greek mesos ‘middle’ + -II'.‘.
`mes-icl 3» adj. Physics of or relating to a meson.
`I denoting a system analogous to an atom in which
`a meson takes the place of either an orbital electron
`or the nucleus.
`Mes-mer /‘mesmor, 'mez—f, Franz Anton
`(1734-1815), Austrian physician. He is noted for
`introducing a therapeutic technique involving
`hypnotism.
`mes-mer-ic fmermerikf 1» adj. causing a person
`to become completely transfixed and unaware of
`anything else around them: shefound herselfstaring
`into his mesmerii: gaze. III archaic of, relating to, or
`produced by mesmerism.
`— DERIVATIVES mes-mer-E-cal-ly adv.
`mes-mer-ism ;“meZme,rizam,' > n. historical the
`therapeutic system of F. A. Mesmer. E (in general
`use) hypnotism.
`—oeItIVAT1Ves mes-mer-ist /—ist,' I1.
`— ORIGIN late 18th ceI1t.: named after F. A. Mesmen.
`mes-mer-ize /'mezmo,riz,i' > v. [with obi] hold the
`attention of (someone) to the exclusion of all else
`or so as to transfix them: she was mesmerized by
`the blue eyes that stared so intently into her own I
`(as adj. mesmerizing) a rnesrnerizingstare. a archaic
`hypnotize (someone).
`—oERIvATIVEs mes-mer-i-za-tion
`f,mezmare'zasHen,' I1., mes-mer-iz-er n.,
`mes-mer-iz-ing-ly adv.
`mesne [men] > adj. Law intermediate.
`— ORIGIN late Middle English (as adverb and noun):
`from legal French, variant of Anglo—Norman French
`mean ‘middle’ (see MEAN’).
`rrlesne prof-its > plural n. Law the profits of an
`estate received by a tenant in wrongful possession
`and recoverable by the landlord.
`meso- > comb. farm middle; intermediate:
`mesomorph.
`_
`— ORIGIN from Greek mesos ‘middle.’
`Mes-o-A-rner-i-ca /'mezo, ‘rnesof the central region
`of America, from central Mexico to Nicaragua,
`esp. as a region of ancient civilizations and native
`cultures before the arrival of the Spanish.
`m DERIVATIVES Mes-o-A-mer-i-can adj. 8- n.
`mes-o-blast f‘meze,blast, 'n1é-I I> II. Embryology the
`mesoderm of an embryo in its earliest stages.
`— DERIVATIV Es mes-0-blas-tic/,n1eZa'blastik,
`,mé—f adj.
`mes-0-carp /'me2a,kiirp, me,‘ > n. Botany the
`middle layer of the pericarp of a fruit, between the
`
`mésalliance
`
`é sal-Ii-ance [,maza‘lians, ,ma,zal‘y2aNs,' > n. a
`marriage with a person thought to be unsuitable or
`fa lower social position.
`'oRIGIN French, from més—‘wrong, misdirected’ +
`' fliiimlie (see ALLIANCE).
`e-sa Ver-de /'masa 'varde/ a high plateau in
`outhern Colorado, with the remains of many
`rehistoric Pueblo Indian dwellings.
`zuc;I