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`English Language
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`A
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`New Webster's dictiona
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`tfie Enghsh language
`DELUXE
`V
`EDICED.
`ENCYCLOP
`
`1981
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`PREF
`1628
`1981
`.N4
`
`REF
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`1 62 8
`. N4
`l 9 8 l
`
`New Webster's dictionary of
`the English language
`
`DELUXE
`ENCYCLOPEDIC ED. -
`1981
`
` LLF’
`
`Intellectual Property Law
`
`UBRARY
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`2
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`

`

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`Preface
`
`When plans were formulated for the creation of this new dictionary, the publishers decided that
`its emphasis, unlike that of many other dictionaries of the English language, should be on the
`future. It was decided to look ahead, and thus we planned this dictionary for the twenty-first
`century, as well as for the present.
`'
`
`Our work, which is completely new in content, has been designed and styled in the most mod-
`ern format possible. It is set in an attractive, easy—to-read type, and it is printed on glare—free,
`long-life paper.
`
`It is the latest contribution in the great tradition of English—language lexicography, a tradition
`that includes the works of Nathan Bailey (1721, 1730), Samuel Johnson (1755), Noah Webster
`(1783, 1806, and 1828), Joseph Emerson Worcester (1830), and Charles Richardson (1836-37).
`Our dictionary carries on it the name Webster in recognition of and respect for the American
`lexicographer, Noah Webster, whose work in the standardization of American usage and pro-
`nunciation set the guides for those of us who follow.
`Based on the principle that language is essentially speech (a living, vibrant, constantly Chang-
`ing medium of expression), and that, as the language changes, so must its guidelines, our dic-
`tionary strives to bring to its users the English language in its most modern, and most accurate,
`form. It makes readily available to the home, to the student at school, and to the ofiice—forref-
`erence, for formal learning, and for self-instructionwall but the most technical and the most
`esoteric words from our ever—expanding storehouse of knowledge, and it has been written in a
`style that is easily read and understood by people at all levels of intellectual development. The
`definitions are clear and comprehensive; the scientific and technical vocabulary '
`‘
`accurate, and the most modern possible; and the selection has been guided by usefulness to the
`reader. Within these covers are collected a
`‘
`the vocabulary of an educated man.
`
`But, because our dictionary is a general dictionary, intended for the general reader and not for
`such technicians of the English language as philologists, semanticists, and etymologists, it is
`not “unabridged.” (An “unabridged” dictionary would contain within it all of the vocabulary
`thus far recorded in the long history of the English language.) Such an “unabridged” diction-
`ary, prepared on the scale of our own general dictionary, would be unwieldy—it would not best
`serve the needs of the home, of the student, and of the office. Hence the one hundred thirty-five
`thousand entries here have been selected primarily because of their usefulness to the average
`dictionary user.
`
`Our permanent editorial staff has labored for more than three years to prepare this essential tool
`of modern and effective communication, though the basic research for the project had been
`under way many years earlier. The work has been reviewed and tested by a distinguished panel
`of experts from a wide variety of disciplines. The panel includes not only scholars, but editors,
`authors, newspaper columnists, radio and television commentators, and reference librarians; it
`includes men and women from many walks of life who employ the English language daily in
`
`In itself, this dictionary is a guide to spelling, to pronunciation, to grammar; in its etymological
`information it reveals to us past use and derivation, and its definitions of today’s use suggest the
`future uses of words.
`'
`
`The aids to the dictionary should be used by the reader to make each excursion into this work
`as fruitful as possible. We urge our readers to study with especial care the Guide to the Use of
`This Dictionary which follows, as well as the Pronunciation Guide. Our editorial staff always wel-
`comes any comment you may have on their work.
`
`THE PUBLISHERS
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Copyright © 1981, 1980, 1977, 1975, 1973, 1972, 1971
`
`by
`
`the Delair Publishing Company, Inc.
`
`
`
`All rights reserved under the International and Pan—American
`Copyright Conventions
`
` MANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
`
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`3
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`polar bear
`
`736
`
`polish
`
`being
`
`poles; having direct opposites;
`central; pivotal.
`po-lar bear, n. A large white bear, Tha—
`larctos maritimus, of the arctic regions.
`po-lar bod-y, n. Biol. one of the minute
`cells arising by meiotic division of the ovum
`at or near the time of fertilization.
`po-lar cir‘cle, n. Geog. the Arctic or the
`Antarctic circle, 23 degrees 27 minutes
`from the respective poles.
`p0 'lar co -or-di-nate, n. Math. a system of
`curvilinear coordinates in which a point in
`a plane is located by its distance from the
`origin or pole, and by the angle whicha
`line joining the given point and the origin
`makes with a fixed reference line, called the
`polar axis.
`the zone or
`po-lar
`front, n. Meteor.
`frontal surface acting as a boundary between
`a mass of cold polar air and warmer air
`from a temperate climate.
`p0 alar-im-e-ter, p6”la-rim’i-ter, n. [M.L.
`polaris, polar.] An instrument for measur-
`ing the amount of polarized light in the
`light
`received from a given source; an
`instrument
`for measuring the
`angular
`rotation of the plane of polarization—~—
`po-lar-i-metaric, a.—po - lar - im - e -try,
`n.
`
`Water which has been reclaimed for
`horizontal bar, performed with the aid of a
`long pole. Also pole jump.—pole-vault,
`agricultural use and is protected by dikes.
`pol’valt”, 'U.i.—pole-vault-er, n:
`pole, p61, n.
`[O.E. pal, a pole, a stake;
`collateral form of pale, LG. and D. paal,
`po-lice, po-lés’, n. [M.Fr. police, govern-
`ment, civil administration, ‘police, < L.
`< L. palus, a stake] A long slender piece
`politia, cf. policy] An organized civil force
`of wood, metal, or other material; a long
`for maintaining order, preventing and
`piece of wood or metal extending between
`the animals of a horse-drawn wagon; a
`detecting crime, and enforcing the laws; pl.
`in constr. the members of such a force. The
`perchor square rod equal to 30% square yards;
`a measure of length containing 16% ft. ; the
`regulation and control of a community,
`inner lane of a race track.—v.t.——poled,
`esp. with reference to the maintenance of
`public order, safety, health, morals, and the
`paling. To support with poles; to bear or
`like; any body of men officially maintained
`convey on poles;
`to push forward by
`or employed to keep order and enforce
`the use of poles.—'v.i. To move a raft or
`regulations. Milit.
`in the U.S. army, the
`boat with a pole.—pole-less, a.
`cleaning and keeping clean of a camp or
`pole, p61, n. [L. polus, < Gr. po'los, pivot,
`garrison;
`the soldiers detailed to this
`axis, pole, < pe’lein, move.] Each of the
`task; the condition of a camp or garrison,
`two points at which the axis of the earth
`with reference to cleanliness.—r).t.—po-
`cuts the celestial sphere, and about which
`the stars seem to revolve; each of the
`liced, policing. To regulate, control, or
`extremities of the axis of the earth or of any
`keep in order, by or as by use of the police;
`milit. to clean and keep clean, as a camp.
`spherical body; either of
`two directly
`povlice ac-tion, n. A localized military
`opposite opinions, principles, or tendencies;
`operation involving regular forces, directed
`a
`focal point of
`interest or attention;
`without a declaration of war against groups
`phys. each of the two segments or parts
`held to be endangering international peace
`of a magnet, electric battery, or dynamo
`and security.
`_
`I
`at which certain opposite forces appear to
`poulice court, n. An inferior court With
`be concentrated; anat. the point in a nerve
`summary jurisdiction for
`the 'trial of
`cell where a process begins; biol. either end
`of an ideal axis in a nucleus, cell, or ovum
`persons accused of any of certain minor
`Po-lar-is, p6-lar’is, n. Astron. a star of the
`ofienses, and with power
`to hold those
`about which parts are more or less sym-
`second magnitude, or among the 20 bright—
`charged with more serious offenses for trial
`metrically arranged; either end of a spindle-
`est, which is located at the tip of the handle
`in a superior court or for the action of the
`shaped figure formed in a cell previous to
`of the Little Dipper,
`the northernmost
`division into two new cells during mitosis;
`grand jury.
`I
`star in the constellation Ursa Minor; also
`po-lice dog, n. A dog of any kind used or
`math.
`the singular point of origin of all
`polestar, po-lar star, North Star. Nat). a
`trained to assist the police; colloq. any dog
`radii in a polar coordinate system.
`two-stage guided missile capable of being
`of the German Shepherd breed.
`pole-ax, pole-axe, pol’aks”, n. p. pole--
`fired from a submarine while submerged._
`po-lice-man, poulés’man, n. pl. po-lice--
`ax-es. [Earlier pollax.] A medieval battle—
`po-lar-i-scope, p6-lar’i~sk6p”, po-_lar’i--
`men. A member of a force of police.
`ax; a halberd ; a kind of ax used in felling or
`skop”, n. [M.L. polaris, polar.] An instru-
`po-lice pow-er, n. The power of a govern-
`stunning animals;
`a hatchetlike‘ weapon
`ment for exhibiting the polarization of light,
`ment, within its constitutional
`limits,
`to
`formerly used in the navy.—v.t.—poleaxed,
`or examining substances in polarized light.
`exercise control over the conduct of citizens
`poleaxing. To fell with a poleax.
`——po-lar-i-scop-ic, po-lar”i-skop'ik, a.
`in order to promote general welfare.
`pole bean, n. A climbing variety of bean,
`po-lar-i-ty, po-lar’i-té, po-lar’i-té, n. pl.
`po-lice state, n. A country in which the
`having the vine usu. supported by poles or
`po-lar-i-ties. The power or tendency of a
`a trellis.
`lives of citizens are rigidly controlled and
`magnetized bar
`to point With its ends
`supervised by an arbitrary use of police
`pole-cat, pol’kat”, n. pl. pole-cats, pole-cat.
`toward the magnetic poles of the earth; the
`power, esp. through a secret police force.
`[Cf. Fr. poule, hen.] AEuropean carnivore of
`quality of possessing magnetic poles; the
`the weasel family, Mustela pntorius, a small,
`po-lice sta-tion, n. The headquartersof
`possession of an axis with reference to which
`dark brown animal with a fetid odor, of
`the police in a particular area, to which
`certain physical properties are determined;
`arrested persons are taken.
`'
`which the ferret is a variety; the N. American
`the possession of two poles or parts having
`skunk.
`polti- cli -nic, pol”é -klin’ik, n. [G. poliklinik,
`opposite properties; positive or negative
`< Gr. po’lis, city and G. klinik, clinic.]
`pole horse, n. A horse hitched to the
`polar condition, as in electricity. Fig. the
`A hospital department for the treatment of
`pole, or tongue, of a wagon. Also paler,
`tendency, as of thought or feeling,
`in a
`wheeler.
`outpatients: distinguished from polyclmic.
`particular direction;
`the possession or
`pol-Loy, pol’i-sé,- n. pl. pol-i-cies.. [L.
`[Gr.
`po-lem-ic, po-lem’ik, po-lem’ik, n.
`exhibition of two opposite or contrasted
`politia, Gr. politeia, polity] The princ1ples
`polemiko’s, of or for war, < po’lemos, war.]
`principles or tendencies.
`on which any measure or course of action is
`Any controversial argument, particularly
`podar-i-za-tion, p6”ler-i-za’shan, n. [Fr.
`based; the line of conduct which the rulers
`one
`attacking
`a
`strongly—held
`belief,
`polarisation] The production or acquisition
`of a nation adopt on particular questions,
`principle, or doctrine; one who disputes
`of polarity; elect.
`the process by which
`another over
`a
`controversial
`issue;
`a
`especially with regard to foreign countries;
`gases produced during electrolysis
`are
`controversialist,
`esp.
`in theology.—a.———
`prudence or wisdom of governments or
`deposited on the electrodes of a cell, giving
`individuals in the management of their
`rise
`to a
`reverse
`electromotive force;
`po-lem-i-cal, a.—po-lem~i-cal-ly,
`ad'v.
`—~po~lem-i-cist, n.
`afiairs, public or private; general prudence
`optics, a state, or the production of a state,
`or dexterity of management; sagacity.
`po-lern-ics, po-lem’iks, po-lem’iks, n. pl.,
`in which rays of light exhibit different
`[Fr.
`pol-i-cy, pol’i-sé, n. pl. pol'i'cies.
`sing. or pl. in constr. The practice of arguing
`properties in different directions, as when
`police, < L.L. poleticum, a register, < L.
`or debating subjects that are controversial
`they are passed through a crystal of tour—
`in nature; the verbal or written attack or
`polyptychum, Gr. polyptychon, an account
`maline, which supposedly transmits rays in
`book.] A written insurance contract; a
`disputation of strongly-held doctrines or
`which the light or ether vibrations are
`lottery for gambling purposes.
`ideologies,
`esp.
`religious or
`theologic
`confined to a single plane; fig. the existence
`beliefs; a branch of theologic study which
`poloi-cy-hold-er, pol’i-sé-hol’der, n. One
`of two opposing or contrasting tendencies
`who holds an insurance policy or contract.
`deals with areas of dispute and contro—
`or principles—plane of po-lar-i-za-tion,
`po-li-o, p6’le-6”, n. Poliomyelitis.
`I
`versy, both historic and presently active.
`optics,
`in light which has undergone
`pol-i-o ~my-e-li-tis, p6”lé-6-mi”e-li’tis, n.
`pol-e-mist, pol’e-mist, n. [Gr. polemiste's,
`polarization, the plane in which the light
`warrior, < polemizein] One engaged or
`[N.L., < Gr. polio’s, gray, and myelo’s,
`vibrations are confined, or, according to
`marrow.] Pathol. inflammation of the gray
`some authorities, to which they are at right
`adept in polemics. Also polemicist.
`matter of the spinal cord, esp. an infectious
`angles.
`po-len-ta, p6-len’ta, n. [It., < L. polenta,
`form causing motor paralysis followed by
`peeled barley] Corn meal, chestnut meal,
`po-lar-ize, p6’1a~riz”, v.t., iii—polarized,
`or
`farina and water boiled to a
`thick
`atrophy of the muscles, and sometimes with
`polarizing. To develop polarity or polariza—
`consistency.
`tion in.—po -1ar-iz-a-ble, a.—po -lar-iz--
`lasting
`disability. Also
`polio,
`infantile
`paralysis.
`pol-er, po’ler, n. One who or that which
`er, p6’la-ri”zer, n.
`po-lis, po’lis, n. pl. po-leis, po’lis. A city—
`poles; a pole horse or wheeler.
`Po-lar-oid, po’la-roid”, n. A lens or other
`state of ancient Greece.
`pole-star, pol’star”, n. Polaris or the North
`optical, photographic, or lighting device
`Star;
`that which serves as a guide; a
`pol-ish, pol’ish, at. [Fr. polir, polissant, <
`that has been plastic-treated to polarize
`L. polio, to smooth] To make smooth and
`lodestar; a guiding principle. A center of
`light passing through it in order to reduce
`attraction; a cynosure.
`glossy, usually by friction; to make elegant
`glare. (Trademark)
`or refined;
`to bring to a finished state;
`a field event
`pole vault, n. Athletics,
`[D.] A tract of land
`pol-der, pdl’der, n.
`perfect—mi. To take on a smooth and
`below the level of the sea or other body of
`featuring a vault or leap, generally over a
`ch~ chain, G. nacht;
`th- THen, thin; W- wig, hw as sound in whig;
`z- zh as in azure, zeal.
`Italicized vowel indicates schwa sound.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Polish
`
`737
`
`polychaete
`
`pol-ka dot, n. A dot or round spot repeated
`to form a pattern on a textile fabric; a
`pattern of or a fabric with such dots.
`poll, pol, n. [M.E. polle = M.D. and LG.
`p0lle.] The head, esp. the part of it on which
`the hair grows;
`the nape of the neck; a
`person or individual in a number or list;
`an enumeration or a list of individuals, as
`for. purposes of taxing or voting;
`the
`registering of votes, as at an election; the
`voting at an election; the number of votes
`cast, or the numerical results of the voting;
`as, a heavy poll; usu. pl. the place where
`votes are cast—v.2: To cut off or cut short
`the hair of; crop; shear; to cut oif the top,
`as of a tree; to pollard; to cut off or cut
`short the horns of; to enroll in a list or
`register, as for purposes of taxing; to take
`or register the votes of; to bring to the polls,
`as voters; to receive at the polls, as votes ; to
`deposu or cast at the polls, as a vote.——v.i.
`To vote at
`the polls; give one’s vote.—
`ptlilll-eel, po-[lé’f nG—poll-er, n.
`‘the man .’
`po , p0 , n.
`.
`r. hoi olloi
`At Cambridge Univer‘gity, ’ England,y 2i
`student who reads for or obtains a ‘pass’
`degree, that is, a degree without honors.
`pol-lack, pol’ak, n. pl. pol-lacks, pol-lack.
`A food fish, found in the northern Atlantic,
`l’ollachi'iis virens, belonging to the cod
`family, although darker in color. Also pol--
`lock, p1. pol-locks, pol«ldck.
`pol-lard, pol’erd, n. [< poll, the head, and
`affix -ard.] A tree with the top cut oil" to
`induce a dense new growth of foliage; any
`usu. horned animal, as a stag or sheep, in a
`hornless state; a coarse product of wheat,
`finer than bran.—v.t. To convert
`into a
`pollard.
`polled, pold, a. Without horns, as some
`breeds of cattle; having the horns removed.
`pol-len, pol’en, n.
`[L. pollen and pollis,
`fine flour or dust.] Bot. the male element in
`flowering plants made up of masses of fine,
`usu. yellow, powdery grains or microspores
`and produced in the anther of the stamen.-——
`pol-lin-ic, po-lin’ik, a.
`pol-len count, n. The average number of
`pollen grains of
`specified plants, usu.
`ragweed, in a cubic yard of air, taken over a
`a4 hour period at a stated place, and which
`is obtained by using an exposure meter
`located on the roof of a high, unobstructed
`biliillding.
`p0 - ex, pol’leks, n. pl. po-li-ces, ol’i-séz.
`The thumb in man; a corregponding
`digit_ of other animals.—pol-li-cal, a.
`pol - l1 - nate,
`pol’i - nat”,
`v.t.—pollinated,
`pollinating. Bot.
`to transfer pollen from
`the anther of a flower to the stigma of (the
`same or another flower), by wind, water,
`insect, or man.——pol-li-na-tion, pol”i~na’—
`shan, n.7—pol-li-na-tor, n.
`,
`pol-li-nif-er-ous, pol”i-nif’er-us, a. Pro-
`ducmg pollen.
`pol-lin-i-um, po-lin’é-um, n. pl. pol--
`lin-i-a, pol-lin’é-a. A coherent body of
`pollen particles, as found in milkweeds
`and orchids.
`poljli-nize, pol’i-niz”, o.t.—pollinized, pol—
`linizing. Bot. to pollinate.—pol - 1i - niz - er, n.
`poluli-no-sis, pol”i-n6’sis, n. Pathol. hay
`fever.
`
`defile; make morally unclean; to profane,
`desecrate, or make ceremonially impure.—
`pol - lut ~ er, n.——-pol - lu ~tion, n,
`Pol-lux, pol’uks, n. Astron. a star of the
`first magnitude in the Gemini constellation;
`Gr. mythol. the twin brother of Castor, son
`of Leda and Zeus.
`Pol-ly-an-na, pol”é-an’a, n. A blindly or
`overly optimistic person who tends
`to
`discover. something good in everything: a
`name originating in Eleanor Porter’s novel,
`Pollyanna.
`po-lo, po’lo, n. [Native Tibetan name in
`northern
`India.] A game
`resembling
`hockey, played on horseback with long—
`handled mallets and a wooden ball; any
`game resembling this, as water polo.—
`po-lo-ist, n.
`for
`po-lo coat, n. A tailored overcoat
`informal wear often of a camel’s hair
`fabric.
`pol-ocnaise, pol”o-naz’, p6”lo-naz’, n. [Fr.]
`Mus. a slow marchlike dance of Polish
`origin; music in three-four time, for or in the
`manner of this dance. An 18th century over-
`dress for women, made with a fitted bodice
`and a draped cutaway skirt.
`a
`po-lo-ni-um, po-lo’né-um, n. Chem.
`radioactive element discovered in pitch—
`blende by M. and Mme. Curie. Sym. Po,
`at. no. 84, at. wt. 209. Also radium F. See
`Periodic Table of Elements.
`[G.] A
`pol-ter-geist, pél’terogist”, n.
`ghost or spirit which is said to manifest its
`presence by noises, knockings, and other
`disturbances.
`and Sp.
`[Fr.
`pol-troon, pol-tron’, n.
`poltron, < It. poltrone, < poltro,
`lazy,
`dastardly, < O.H.G. polstar, a pillow.]
`Ari arrant .coward; a dastard;
`a wretch
`Without spirit or courage.—a. Base; vile;
`contemptible.—pol -troon - er -y,
`pol -tr6’—
`ne-ré, n. Cowardice.
`po-ly, pol’é, n. pl. poly-ys. A leukocyte
`haVing a varied—lobed nucleus.
`pol - y - am - ide, pol”é - am’id, pol”é - am’id,
`n.
`polymeric compound in which the
`amide group links
`the monomer units
`together: sometimes used to make syn—
`thetic fibers, as nylon; synthetic analog to
`peptide or protein fibers.
`[Gr.
`a.
`pol-y-an-drous, pol”é-an’drus,
`polys, many, anér, andros, a male] Bot.
`havmg many stamens, that is, any number
`above twenty,
`inserted in the receptacle.
`Pertaining to or practicing polyandry.
`pol - y - an - dry, pol’é - an”dré, pol”é . an’dré,
`n. [Gr. polys, many, ane'r, andros, a man.]
`The practice of having more than one
`husband at
`the same time; bot. state of
`being polyandrous.—-—pol - y ~ an - dric, a.
`pol-y-an-thus, pol”é-an’thus, n. pl. pol--
`y-an-thus-es. [Gr. polys, many, anthos, a
`flo_wer.] Bot. A garden variety of the
`primrose, Primula polyantha; a commonly
`cultivated
`narcissus, Narcissus
`tazetta,
`With many flowers in a cluster.
`p_ol-y-ba-sic, pol”é-ba’sik, a. Chem. relat—
`ing to acids with more than one replaceable
`hydrogen atom.———pol - y - ba - sic - i . ty, pol”-
`é-ba-sis’i-té, n.
`pol -y -ba - site, pol”é -ba’sit, po -lib’a - sit”,
`n. [G. polybasit.] A blackish mineral with a
`metallic luster, AggsbSG, a valuable silver
`ore.
`
`glossy surface, through being polished—n.
`A substance used to impart a gloss; argloss
`and'smoothness of surface produced by
`friction; the process or act of polishing;
`elegance of manners; refinement of style.—
`pol ~ish ofi", slang. To finish rapidly; dispose
`of
`completely.——pol-ish up,
`colloq.
`to
`improve—pol - ish - er, n.
`Pol-ish, po’lish, a. Pertaining to Poland, 3
`countfiy in central Erlulrlope, its inhabitants,
`or its anguage.—-—n.
`e
`rinci a1 lan ua
`of Poland, which is SlaviIcD in ofigin. g
`ge
`Po-lit-bu-ro, pol’it-bfir”6, po-lit’bi‘ir”6, 11.
`[Russ. politbyuro, political bureau] The
`powerful, policy-forming executive body of
`the Communist Party of the Soviet Union,
`prior to 1953.
`po-lite, po-lit’, a. [L. politus, < polio, to
`polish] Showing by speech and behavior
`a considerate regard for others; polished,
`cultured; as, polite society; refined, well-
`bred.—po - lite - ly, ado—p0 - lite - ness, n.
`pol-'i:tic, pol’i-tik, a.
`[L. politicus, Gr.
`politilgos, < polis, a city] Prudent and
`sagacious; cunning; artful;
`sagacious
`in
`adapting means
`to an end; expedient;
`political; as, body politic.
`po-lit-i-cal, po-lit’i-kal, a. Having a fixed
`or
`regular
`system or administration of
`government; relating to civil government
`and its administration; concerned in state
`affairs or national measures; pertaining to a
`nation or state, or to nations or states, as
`distinguished from civil or municipal;
`treating of politics or government;
`as,
`political parties—pa ~ lit - i - cal - 1y, aa’v.
`po-lit-il-cal a-sy-lum, n. Sanctuary or
`protection extended by a country to citizens
`being sought by their native country for
`trial or punishment for political acts.
`pojlit-i-cal e-con-o-rriy, n. The social
`scrence of the interrelations of economic
`processes and political and social organi—
`zations ; a 19th century social science prece—
`dent to modern economics; economics.-—~
`po-lit-i-cal e-con-o-mist,n.
`science
`po-lit-i-cal
`sci-ence,
`ii. That
`which deals with the structure, organization,
`and principles of government.~po-lit-i-~
`cal sci-en-tist, n.
`p'ol-i-ti-cian, pol/’i‘tish’an, n. One versed
`in the science of government and the art
`of governing; one skilled in politics; one
`who occupies himself with politics as a
`professmn; one involved in politics for
`personal gain, political appointment, or
`partisan objectives.
`po-lit-i-cize, po-lit’i-siz”, v.i.———politicized,
`politiczzzng. To engage
`in or discuss
`politics.~—v.t. To lend a political character
`to; to make political in nature.
`pol-i-tickl, pol’i-tik, vi. To enter into or
`become involved in political activity.—
`pol-i-tick-er, n.
`po-lit-i-co, po-lit’i-ko”, n. pl. po-lit-i-cos.
`[< 'Sp., It.] A politician.
`in
`pol-i-tics, pol’i-tiks, n. pl., sing. or pl.
`constr.
`[Fr. politique, Gr. politike‘.] The
`seience. of government; political science;
`the-polic1es and aims of a government of a
`nation. or state; the conduct and contests
`of political parties; political affairs; polit—
`ical connections or beliefs of a person; the
`plotting or
`scheming of
`those seeking
`personal power, glory, position, or the like.
`pol-‘1-ty, pol’i~té, n. pl. pol-i-ties.
`[Gr.
`politeza.] The form or manner of govern-
`ment of a nation, state, or other institution;
`administrative control;
`the state of being
`organized under
`a particular
`form of
`ize .
`goyiernment, or the community so organ-
`pol-ka, pél’ka, pé’ka, n.
`[Cf. Pol. Polka,
`fem. of Polak, a Polack or Pole] A lively
`round dance of Bohemian origin, with
`music in duple time; a piece of music for
`sucha dance or in its rhythm.—v.i.
`
`pol-lr-wog, pol’é-wog”, n. [Earlier polliwig,
`polwigge, M.E. polwygle, = E. poll and
`wiggle] A tadpole. Also pol-ly-wog.
`pol -y - car_- pel -lar - y, pol”é - kar’pe - ler”é, a.
`poll- ster, pol’ster, n. A poll taker.
`Bot. cons1sting of many carpels.
`poll tax, n.
`tax levied on a person, usu. as
`pol-y-car-pic, pol”é-kiir’pik, a. Bot. Per—
`a prerequisite for voting, and now declared
`taining to a plant which produces a fruit
`unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
`with two or more distinct carpels; pertain-
`pol-lu-tant, po-lot’ant, n. Something that
`ing to a plant which fruits more than once
`pollutes,_esp. chemicals or refuse material
`in
`a
`season. Also
`pol-y-car-pous.——
`released into the atmosphere or Water.
`pol-y'car-py, n-
`[N.L. Poly-
`pol-lute, po-lot’, n.t.—-polluted, polluting. pol-y-chaete, pol’i-két", n.
`[L. pulluo, pollutum, < prep. pol, par,
`chaeta, pl., < Gr. polychaités, having much
`used in comp. and lufi, to wash.] To make
`hair.] Z_ool. any of the Polychaeta, a class
`ofannelids having unsegmented rudimentary
`foul or unclean; soil, taint; to corrupt or
`0— not, note, move;
`e- met, me, mére, her;
`i— pin, pine;
`u- tub, cube, bull; oi- oil; ou- pound.
`
`a- fat, fate, f'ar, fare, fall;
`
`4
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