as) United States
`a2) Patent Application Publication co) Pub. No.: US 2004/0186387 Al
`(43) Pub. Date: Sep. 23, 2004
`
`Kosudaet al.
`
`US 20040186387A1
`
`(54) PULSE METER, METHOD FOR
`CONTROLLING PULSE METER,
`WRISTWATCH-TYPE INFORMATION
`DEVICE, CONTROL PROGRAM, STORAGE
`MEDIUM, BLOOD VESSEL SIMULATION
`SENSOR, AND LIVING ORGANISM
`INFORMATION MEASUREMENTDEVICE
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors: Tsukasa Kosuda, Matsumoto-shi (JP);
`Makoto Zakoji, Shiojiri-shi (JP);
`Ichiro Aoshima, Nagano-ken (JP);
`Yutaka Kawafune, Matsumoto-shi (JP);
`Norimitsu Baba, Shiojiri-shi (JP)
`
`Correspondence Address:
`SHINJYU GLOBAL IP COUNSELORS, LLP
`1233 20TH STREET, NW, SUITE 700
`WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2680 (US)
`
`(73)
`
`Assignee: Seiko Epson Corporation, Tokyo (JP)
`
`(21)
`
`Appl. No.:
`
`10/793,419
`
`Filed:
`
`Mar. 5, 2004
`
`(30)
`
`Foreign Application Priority Data
`SPY crsecsrcanssscee sees 2003-075839
`
`Mar. 19, 2003
`
`Mar. 19, 2003
`Sep. 2, 2003
`
`
`
`2003-075840
`CIP):
`UTE) isexstscteroassyrestonnesasecennspessey 2003-310624
`
`Publication Classification
`
`. A61B 5/02
`Int. Cl.’ .....
`(51)
`(32) UNS. seiteastccactisnnsnnnaaicnmaninncaans 600/502
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`The present invention realizes calculating a pulse rate accu-
`rately, even when a body movement component has no
`periodical characteristics, by surely removing the body
`movement component generatedin a living organism from
`a pulse wave component. A pulse wave detecting section
`includes a pulse wave sensor and outputs a pulse wave
`detection signal to an MPU functioning as a body motion
`component removing section. A body motion sensor outputs
`a body motion detection signal corresponding to a body
`motion that affects the behavior of venous blood to the
`MPU. Asa result, to the MPU removes the body motion
`component from the pulse wave detection signal based on
`the body motion detection signal. A pulse rate calculating
`section calculates the pulse rate based on the pulse wave
`detection signal from which the body motion component has
`been removed. The pulse rate is displayed on a liquid crystal
`display device.
`
`10B
`
`
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`Fahlat
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`PCACeeeeee 4
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`001
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`Apple Inc.
`APL1027
`U.S. Patent No. 8,923,941
`
`Apple Inc.
`APL1027
`U.S. Patent No. 8,923,941
`
`001
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 1 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`AMOUNTOF CHANGE IN HEIGHT VS. ACCELERATION[J (Ky? + Kz2)]
`(OPERATIONAL FREQUENCY2Hz)
`
`ACCELERATION[J(Ky?+Kz2)]
`
`
`
`0
`
`10
`5
`AMOUNTOF CHANGE IN HEIGHT[cm]
`
`15
`
`20
`
`Fig. 1
`
`002
`
`002
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 2 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`
`
`003
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`Sep. 23, 2004 Sheet 4 of 117
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`US 2004/0186387 Al
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 5 of 117
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`US 2004/0186387 Al
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 6 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`ACCELERATION SENSOR
`(X-AXIS) OUTPUT
`
`[mV]
`AMPLITUDE
`
`TIME [s]
`
`007
`
`007
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Sep. 23, 2004 Sheet 7 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`
`
`WAYLOSdSY3MOd
`
`[SwAw}
`
`FREQUENCY[Hz]
`
`Fig. 7
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`
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`

`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 8 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`Y-AXIS ACCELERATION DATA(Ky)
`
`
`
`AMPLITUDE[mV}
`
`0
`
`8
`
`16
`
`TIME{s]
`
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`
`32
`
`009
`
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 9 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`EE
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`
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`

`

`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 10 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`Z-AXIS ACCELERATION DATA(Kz)
`
`
`
`AMPLITUDE[mV]
`
`0
`
`8
`
`16
`TIME[s]
`
`24
`
`32
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`
`Fig. 10
`
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`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Sep. 23, 2004 Sheet 11 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`
`
`WNYLOAdSY3MOd
`
`[SwAIA]
`
`FREQUENCY[Hz]
`
`Fig. 11
`
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`
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 12 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`ACCELERATION SENSOR
`(Y,Z COMBINED) OUTPUT
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`
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`
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`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Sep. 23, 2004 Sheet 13 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`
`
`WNYLOAdSYSMOd
`
`[SWAW]
`
`FREQUENCY(Hz)
`
`Fig. 13
`
`014
`
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 14 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`SIMULATED LOW-FREQUENCY SIGNAL
`
`
`
`AMPLITUDE[mV]
`
`0
`
`8
`
`16
`
`TIME [s]
`
`24
`
`we
`
`Fig. 14
`
`015
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`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 15 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
` POWER
`0_oeee
`SPECTRUM{mVrms]
`
`FREQUENCY [Hz]
`
`Fig. 15
`
`016
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 16 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`PULSE SENSOR OUTPUT
`
`0
`
`8
`
`16
`
`24
`
`32
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`TIME {5}
`
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`Fig. 16
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`

`

`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 17 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`
`
`WNYLOadSY3MOd
`
`[SuAW]
`
`FREQUENCY[Hz]
`
`Fig. 17
`
`018
`
`018
`
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 18 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`OUTPUT AFTER SIGNAL PROCESSING (e(n))
`
`[mV]
`AMPLITUDE
`
`TIME [s]
`
`Fig. 18
`
`019
`
`019
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 19 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`
`
`WNYLOAdSYAMOd
`
`[suAw]
`
`FREQUENCY[Hz]
`
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`
`ig. 19
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`
`020
`
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 20 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`LOW FREQUENCY NOT REMOVED
`
`[mV]
`AMPLITUDE
`
`Fig. 20
`
`021
`
`021
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 21 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`
`
`WNYLOSdSYSMOd
`
`[suAw]
`
`FREQUENCY[Hz]
`
`Fig. 21
`
`022
`
`022
`
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23, 2004
`
`Sheet 22 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 23 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`X-AXIS ACCELERATION DATA(Kx)
`
`[mV]
`AMPLITUDE
`
`TIME[s]
`
`Fig. 23
`
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`
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`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 24 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 25 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`Y-AXIS ACCELERATION DATA(Ky)
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`Patent Application Publication
`
`Sep. 23, 2004 Sheet 26 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`
`
`WNYLOsadSY4MOd
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`
`FREQUENCY [Hz]
`
`Fig. 26
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`027
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`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 27 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`Z-AXIS ACCELERATION DATA(Kz)
`
`
`
`AMPLITUDE[mV]
`
`0
`
`8
`
`16
`
`TIME{s]
`
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`
`32
`
`Fig. 27
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`

`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 28 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`
`
`WNYLOsdSYAMOd
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`[SusAww]
`
`FREQUENCY[Hz]
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`Fig. 28
`
`029
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`029
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`

`

`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 29 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`ACCELERATION DATA[J (Kx? + Ky2+ Kz2)]
`
`
`
`AMPLITUDE[mV]
`
`0
`
`8
`
`16
`
`24
`
`32
`
`TIME[s]
`
`Fig. 29
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`030
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 30 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`
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`WNYLOSdSYAMOd
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`

`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 31 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`DETECTED PULSE WAVE DATA
`
`
`
`AMPLITUDE[mV]
`
`0
`
`8
`
`16
`
`24
`
`32
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`TIME [s]
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`Fig. 31
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 32 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
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`WNYLOAdSYSAMOd
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`FREQUENCY[Hz]
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`

`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 33 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`OUTPUT AFTER SIGNAL PROCESSING(e(n))
`
`
`
`AMPLITUDE[mV]
`
`0
`
`8
`
`16
`
`24
`
`32
`
`TIME[s]
`
`Fig. 33
`
`034
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`034
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 34 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`SPECTRUM[mVrms]
`POWER
`
`FREQUENCY{Hz]
`
`Fig. 34
`
`035
`
`035
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23, 2004
`
`Sheet 35 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 36 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
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`DETECTED PULSE WAVE DATA
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`
`AMPLITUDE[mV]
`
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`
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`16
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`Fig. 36
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 37 of 117
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`US 2004/0186387 Al
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 38 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
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`OUTPUT AFTER SIGNAL PROCESSING(e(n))
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`AMPLITUDE[mV]
`
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`16
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`24
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 39 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`SPECTRUM[mVrms]
` POWER
`
`FREQUENCY[Hz]
`
`Fig. 39
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23, 2004
`
`Sheet 40 of 117
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`US 2004/0186387 Al
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23, 2004
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 42 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
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`COMPONENTS[mVrms]
`STROKE
`
`0
`
`1000
`
`2000
`
`3000
`
`- 4000
`
`AMOUNT OF PRESSURE CHANGE [mV]
`
`Fig. 42
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`043
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`

`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 43 of 117
`
`US 2004/0186387 Al
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`Fig. 43
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 44 of 117.
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`US 2004/0186387 Al
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 45 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 46 of 117
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`US 2004/0186387 Al
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 47 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 48 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 49 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 50 of 117
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`US 2004/0186387 Al
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`FREQUENCY[Hz]
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 51 of 117
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`US 2004/0186387 Al
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`FREQUENCY[HZ]
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 52 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 55 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 56 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 57 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 58 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 59 of 117.
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 60 of 117.
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 61 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 62 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 63 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 64 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 65 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 69 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 70 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 71 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 72 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 74 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 75 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 76 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 77 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 78 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 79 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 80 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 81 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 82 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 83 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 84 of 117
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`Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 85 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 86 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 87 of 117.
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 88 of 117.
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 89 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 90 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 91 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 92 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 94 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 95 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 96 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 97 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 98 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 99 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 100 of 117 US 2004/0186387 Al
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 101 of 117 US 2004/0186387 Al
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 102 of 117 US 2004/0186387 Al
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 103 of 117 US 2004/0186387 Al
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 104 of 117 US 2004/0186387 Al
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 105 of 117 US 2004/0186387 Al
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 106 of 117 US 2004/0186387 Al
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 107 of 117 US 2004/0186387 Al
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 108 of 117 US 2004/0186387 Al
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 110 of 117
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`US 2004/0186387 Al
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 111 of 117
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`US 2004/0186387 Al
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 112 of 117
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`US 2004/0186387 Al
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 113 of 117
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`Patent Application Publication Sep. 23,2004 Sheet 115 of 117
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`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`Sep. 23, 2004
`
`PULSE METER, METHOD FOR CONTROLLING
`PULSE METER, WRISTWATCH-TYPE
`INFORMATION DEVICE, CONTROL PROGRAM,
`STORAGE MEDIUM, BLOOD VESSEL
`SIMULATION SENSOR, AND LIVING ORGANISM
`INFORMATION MEASUREMENTDEVICE
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`[0001]
`
`1. Field of the Invention
`
`[0002] The present invention relates to a pulse meter, a
`method for controlling a pulse meter, a wristwatch-type
`information device, a control program, a storage medium, a
`blood vessel simulation sensor, anda living organism infor-
`mation measurement device. The present invention particu-
`larly relates to a pulse meter, a method for controlling a
`pulse meter, a wristwatch-type information device, a control
`program, a storage medium, a blood vessel simulation
`sensor, and a living organism information measurement
`device that are suitable for being mounted on a person’s arm
`and measuring pulse during walking or running.
`
`[0003]
`
`2. Background Information
`
`[0004] Pulse meters mounted on part of the body and
`designed for measuring pulse during walking or running are
`conventionally known.
`
`[0005] For example, a wristwatch-type pulse meter is
`disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2816944, The pulse meter
`disclosed in this literature employs a configuration wherein
`the frequency components correspondingto all the harmonic
`components of a body motion signal detected by an accel-
`eration sensor are removed from the frequency analysis
`results of a pulse wave signal based on the frequency
`analysis results of the body motion signal, the frequency
`components having the maximum powerare extracted from
`among the frequency analysis results of the pulse wave
`signal from which the harmonic components of the body
`motion signal have been removed, and the pulse rate is
`calculated based on the extracted frequency components.
`
`In the above-mentioned conventional pulse meter,
`[0006]
`not all the body motion components generated in the body
`and included in the pulse sensor signal are necessarily
`registered because the body motion componentsare detected
`by the acceleration sensor, and it has been possible that the
`removal of the body motion components may not be com-
`plete.
`
`In conventional practice, the body motion compo-
`[0007]
`nents cannot be registered completely, so the body motion
`signal is identified using the characteristics of the harmonic
`components from the frequency analysis results in order to
`remove the body motion components contained in the pulse
`sensor signal, and because the identified body motion signal
`is removed and the pulse wave signal extracted, there have
`been problems in that the body motion components cannot
`be removed and, consequently, the pulse cannot be correctly
`determined when the body motion does not have cyclic
`characteristics.
`
`organism information measurement device. This invention
`addresses this needin the art as well as other needs, which
`will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this
`disclosure.
`
`SUMMARY OFTHE INVENTION
`
`[0009] An object ofthe present invention is to provide a
`pulse meter,
`a method for controlling a pulse meter, a
`wristwatch-type information device, a control program, a
`storage medium, a blood vessel simulation sensor, and a
`living organism information measurement device that can
`accurately remove the body motion components generated
`in the body from the pulse components and calculate the
`pulse rate even when the body motion components do not
`have cyclic characteristics by more accurately registering
`the body motion components contained in the pulse sensor
`signal.
`
`In order to achieve the above-mentioned and other
`[0010]
`objectives, a living organism information measurement
`device adapted to be attached to a human body to measure
`living organism information is provided that comprises a
`pulse wave detecting section, a body motion component
`removing section and a living organism information mea-
`suring section. The pulse wave detecting section is config-
`ured and arranged to output a pulse wave detection signal by
`using a pulse wave sensor. The body motion component
`removing section 1s configured and arranged to detect a body
`motion component resulting from vein movements of the
`human body that is contained in the pulse wave detection
`signal and remove said body motion component contained in
`the pulse wave detection signal. The living organism infor-
`mation measuring section is configured and arranged to
`measure living organism information based on the pulse
`wave detection signal from which the body motion compo-
`nent has been removed.
`
`[0011] According to another aspect of the present inven-
`tion, a pulse meter adapted to be attached to a human body
`to measure a pulse of the human body is provided that
`comprises a pulse wave detecting section, a body motion
`detecting section, a body motion component removing sec-
`tion, and a pulse rate calculating section, The pulse wave
`detecting section is configured and arranged to detect a pulse
`wave based on a signal from a pulse wave sensor and output
`a pulse wave detection signal. The body motion detecting
`section is configured and arranged to detect accelerations
`corresponding to body motions that affect a vein behavior
`based on a signal from an acceleration sensor and output a
`body motion detection signal. The body motion component
`removing section is configured and arranged to remove a
`body motion component containedin the pulse wave detec-
`tion signal based on the body motion detection signal. The
`pulse rate calculating section is configured and arranged to
`calculate a pulse rate based on the pulse wave detection
`signal from which the body motion component has been
`removed.
`
`[0012] According to another aspect of the present inven-
`tion, a pulse meter adapted to be attached to a human body
`In view of the above, it will be apparent to those
`[0008]
`to measure a pulse is provided that comprises a pulse wave
`skilled in the art from this disclosure that there exists a need
`detecting section, a body motion component removing sec-
`for an improved pulse meter, method for controlling a pulse
`tion and a pulse rate calculating section, The pulse wave
`detecting section is configured and arrangedtodetect a pulse
`meter, wristwatch-type information device, control program,
`
`storage medium, blood vessel simulation sensor, and living wave based onasignal from a pulse wave sensor and output
`
`119
`
`119
`
`

`

`US 2004/0186387 Al
`
`Sep. 23, 2004
`
`a Z-axis acceleration detection signal outputted from a
`Z-axis acceleration sensor 122;
`
`(0026] FIG. 11 shows the frequency analysis results
`obtained by subjecting the detected Z-axis acceleration data
`Kz in FIG. 10 to FFT;
`
`[0027] FIG. 12 is a graph obtained by treating the Y-axis
`acceleration data Ky corresponding to the Y-axis accelera-
`tion detection signal outputted from the Y-axis acceleration
`sensor 12Y, and the Z-axis acceleration data Kz correspond-
`ing to the Z-axis acceleration detection signal outputted
`from the Z-axis acceleration sensor 12Z as vectors, and
`chronologically arranging combined acceleration vector
`data obtained as a combined vector thereof;
`
`(0028] FIG. 13 shows the frequency analysis results
`obtained by subjecting the combined acceleration vector
`data (=V(Ky*+Kz*)) in FIG. 12 to FFT;
`
`[0029] FIG. 14 is a graph showing a chronological
`arrangement of a preset simulated low-frequency signal
`(using a triangular wave);
`
`[0030] FIG. 15 shows the frequency analysis results
`obtained by subjecting the simulated low-frequency signal
`in FIG. 14 to FFT;
`
`[0031] FIG. 16 is a graph of a chronological arrangement
`of one example of the detected pulse data;
`
`[0032] FIG. 17 shows the frequency analysis results
`obtained by subjecting the detected pulse data in FIG. 16 to
`FFT;
`
`a pulse wave detection signal. The body motion component
`removing section is configured and arranged to remove a
`body motion component contained in the pulse wave detec-
`tion signal based on a relative positional difference in a
`vertical direction between a position ofa heart of the human
`body and a position where the pulse meteris attached. The
`pulse rate calculating section is configured and arranged to
`calculate a pulse rate based on the pulse wave detection
`signal from which the body motion component has been
`removed.
`
`[0013] According to another aspect of the present inven-
`tion, a blood vessel simulation sensor adaptedto be attached
`to a human body to simulate a behavior of blood in vein of
`the human body is provided that comprises a casing, a
`simulation blood and a behavior detection sensor. The
`simulation blood is disposed inside the casing and has a
`viscosity substantially equal to a viscosity of the blood in
`vein. The behavior detection sensor
`is configured and
`arranged to detect a behavior of the simulation blood.
`
`[0014] These and other objects, features and advantages of
`ihe present invention will become apparent to those skilled
`in the art from the following detailed description, which,
`taken in conjunction with the annexed drawings, discloses
`preferred embodiments of the present invention.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`[0015] Referring now to the attached drawings which form
`a part of this original disclosure:
`
`[0016] FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the relation-
`ship between the amount of change in a combined vector of
`acceleration vectors along two axes and the amount of body
`motion
`components
`(amount of
`stroke
`compon