Ame‘ BSELLING DICTIONARY
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`Merriam-
`
`Webster’s
`Collegiatef
`Dictionary
`
`ELEVENTH
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`EEETION
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`2
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`The name Webster alone is no guarantee of excellence. It is used by a
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`Copyright © 2008 by Merriam-Webster, Incorporated
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`I ibrary of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
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`Merriam Webster's collegiate dictionary. —— Eleventh ed.
`p.
`cm.
`Includes index.
`
`(Laminated unindexed : alk. paper)
`ISBN 978~0—87779-807-1
`(Jacketed hardcover unindexed : alk. paper)
`ISBN 978-0-87779-808-8
`(Jacketed hardcover with CD-ROM : alk. paper)
`ISBN 978—0—87779-809-5
`(Leatherlook with CDEROM : alk. paper)
`ISBN 978-0-87779-810-1
`(Canadian)
`ISBN 978-0-87779-813-2
`(International)
`ISBN 978-0-87779-814-9
`1. Fnglish language—Dictionaries. I. Title: Collegiate dictionary. II. Merriam-
`Webster, Inc.
`PF l6.’28.M36
`423——~dc21
`
`2003
`
`2003003674
`CIP
`
`Merriam=-Webster’s (‘ollegiate® Dictionary, Eleventh Edition, principal copyright
`2003
`
`COLLEGIATE is a registered trademark of Merriam-Webster, Incorporated
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`All rights reserved. No part of this book covered by the copyrights hereon may be
`reproduced or copied in any form or by any means-—-graphic, electronic, or
`mechanical, including photocopying. taping, or information storage and retrieval
`systems—w1thout written permission of the publisher.
`
`Made in the United States of America
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`828
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`Nd s necromancy
`
`Nd symbol neodymium
`ND abbr
`1 doctor of naturopathy 2 North Dakota
`-nd symbol — used after the figure 2 to indicate the ordinal number sec-
`ond (2nd) (72Jtd)
`N Dak abbr Norin Dakota
`NDE abbr near-death experience
`NDP ablrr New Democratic Party (Canad)
`Ne symbol neon
`NE abbr
`1 Nebraska 2 New England 3 no effects 4 northeast
`né \'n5.\ adj [F, lit., born — more at NEE] (1905)
`1 — used to indicate
`the original, former, or legal name of a man (Robert Roe, ~ John
`Doc) 2 : originally or formerly called
`1 a : new
`ne- or neo- comb forni [Gk, fr. neos new -—- more at NEW]
`: recent (Neogene) b : new and different period or forrn of (Neopla-
`tonism) : in a new and different fo
`or manner (Neoplatonic)
`c
`: New World (Neotropical)
`d : new and abnormal (neoplasm)
`2
`: new chemical compound isomeric with or otherwise related to (such)
`a compound (neostigmme)
`NEA abbr
`1 Nanonal Education Association 2 National Endowment
`for the Arts
`Ne-an-der-thal \né-‘an-dor-.tol, —.thol; na-‘an-dar-.tal\ n [Neanderthal,
`valley in weste Germany] (1863)
`1 or Ne-an-der-tal \-.tol, —.t51\ : a
`hominid (Ha
`neanderthalensis syn H. sapiens neanderthalensis)
`known frorn skeletal remains in Europe, northern Africa. and western:
`Asia that lived from about 30,000 to 200.000 years ago — called also
`Neanderthal man
`2 : one who suggests a caveman in appearance,
`mentality, or behavior —- Neanderthal or Neandertal adj — Ne-an-
`der-thal-oid \-.to-.loid, -.tho-. -.ta-\ adj or n
`‘neap \'nép\ adj [ME neep. fr. OE nép being at the stage of neap tide]
`(bef. 12c) : of, relating to. or constituting a neap tide
`zneap n (15c) : NEAP TIDE
`Ne-a-pol-i-tan \.né-9-‘pa-la-tan\ n [ME, fr. L neapalitanus of Naples. fr.
`Gk neapolilés citizen of Naples. fr. Neapolis Naples] (15c) : a native or
`inhabitant of Naples, Italy — Neapolitan adj‘
`Neapolitan ice cream 71 (1895) : a brick of from two to four layers of
`ice cream of different flavors
`neap tide n (car 1548) : a tide of minimum range occureing at the first
`and the third quarters of the moon
`‘near \'nir\ adv [ME ner, partly fr. ner nearer, fr. OE néar, comparative
`of néah nigh; partly fr. ON navr nearer, compar. of nd- nigh -—- more at
`NIGH] (13c)
`1 : at, within, or to a short distance or tirne (sunset was
`drawing ~) 2 : ALMOST, NEARLY (was ~ dead) 3 : in a close or in-
`timate manner : CLOSELY (~ related) 4 arcleaic : in a frugal manner
`znearprep (13c) : close to (beaches ~ the city) (seemed to be ~ death)
`3near adj (14c)
`1 a : not far distant in time. place, or degree (in the ~
`future) b : almost happening : narrowly missed or avoided (a ~ win
`in the primary) (a ~ midair collision) c : nearly not happening (a ~
`escape) 2 : closely related or intimately associated (her ~est and
`dearest friend) 3 a : being the closer of two (the ~ side) b : being
`the left-hand one of a pair (the ~ Wheel of a cart) 4 : DIRECT, SHORT
`(the ~est road) 5 : STINGY, cLosErIsrED 6 a : closely resembling
`the standard or typical (a ma desert) b : approximating the genuine
`<~ silk) — near-ness n
`‘near vb (1513) : APPROACH
`near beer n (1909) : any of various malt liquors considered nonalco-
`holic because they contain less than a specified percentage of alcohol
`near-by \nir-‘bi, 'nir-.\ adv or adj (l4c) : close at hand
`Neoarcotic \.né-‘ark-tik, -'ar-tik\ adj (1858) : of, relating to, or being the
`biogeographic subregion that includes Greenland and No. America
`north of tropical Mexico
`near gale n (ca. 1975) : ‘VIODEILATE GALE —— see BEAUFORT SCALE table
`near—In-fra-red \.nir—.in-fro-‘red, -(.)fra-\ adj (1950) : of or relating to
`the shorter wavelengths of radiation in the infrared spectrum and esp.
`to those between 0.7 and 2.5 micrometers
`near-Iy \'nir-lé\ adv (1561)
`1 : in a close manner or relationship (~
`related) 2 a : almost but not quite (~ identical) (~ a year later) b
`: to the least extent (not ~ as good as we expected)
`near miss n (1940)
`‘S a : a miss (as with a bomb) close enough to
`cause damage b : something that falls just short of success 2 a : a
`near collision (as between aircraft) b : CLOSE CALL
`near money n (1942) : assets (as savings accounts or government
`bonds) quickly and easily converted to cash
`near point n (1876) : the point nearest the eye at which an object is ac-
`curately focused on the retina at full accommodation
`near-shore \'nir-‘shot, 'nir-.\ adj (1896) : extending outward an indefi-
`nite but usu. short distance from shore (~ sediments)
`near-side \-.sid\ adj (1825) Brit : LEFT-HAND 1 — nearside n
`near-sight-ed \-.si-tad\ adj (1686) : able to see near things more clearly
`than distant ones : MYOPIC — near-sight-ed-ly adv
`near-si ht-ed-ness \'nir-.si-ted-nas\ n (1811) : wzorm
`near—u -tra-vi-o-let \.nir-.91-tra-‘Vi-(9-)lat\ adj (1951) : of, relating to,
`or being the longest wavelengths of radiation in the ultraviolet spec-
`‘ tram esp. between 300 and 400 nanometers
`neat \'nét\ n, pl neat or neats [ME neet, fr. OE néat; akin to OHG miz
`head of cattle, OE néotan to make use of, Lith nauda use] (bef. 12c)
`2 : the common domestic bovine (Bos taurus)
`neat adj [MP net, fr. L nitidus bright, neat, fr. nitére to shine; prob. akin
`to Mlr niam luster] (1542)
`1 : free from dirt and disorder : habitually
`clean and orderly 2 a : free from admixture or dilution : STRAIGHT
`(~ brandy) (~ cement) b : free from irregularity : SMOOTH (~
`silk) 3 : marked by tasteful sirnplicity (a ~ outfit) 4 a : PRECISE,
`SYSTEMATIC b : marked by skill or ingenuity : ADROIT 5 : NET (~
`3 profit) 6 : PINE, ADMIRABLE — neat-Iy adv — neat-ness n
`neat adv (1649)
`1 : in a neat manner (his hair combed back ~ —J. M.
`Cain) 2 : without admixture or dilution : STRAIGHT
`'ne-t°n-in\
`neat-en \'né-t°n\ vt neat-ened; neat-en-ing \'nét-nin,
`(1898)
`1 : to set in order : make neat 2 : to finish (as a piece of sew-
`ing) carefully
`neath \'néth\ prep (1600) dial : BENEATH
`neat-h_erd \'aet-.hard\ n (14c) : HERDSMAN
`neat-nlk \'nét-_nik\ n (1959) : a person who is compulsively neat
`neat’s-foot oll \'néts-.f1'It-\ n (1787) : a pale yellow fatty oil made esp.
`from the bones of cattle and used chiefly as a leather dressing
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`1 3 : th
`neb \'neb\ n [ME, fr. OE: akin to ON nef beak] (bef. 12c)
`beak of a bird or tortoise : BILL b chiefly dial : a person’s mouth e
`: NOSE 1, sNoUT 2 :Nrs, TIP
`0
`Neb or Nebr abbr Nebraska
`NEB abbr New English Bible
`neb-bésh \'ne-bish\ n [Yiddish nebekli poor, unfortunate, fr, C
`nebohfi] (1951) : a timid. meek, or ineffectual person — neb.biz:fih
`\-bi-shé\ adj
`V
`ne.ben-kern \'na-ban-.k9rn, -.kern\ n [G,
`lit.. subsidiary nucleu
`(1895) : a 2-stranded helical structure of the proximal tail region of?
`sperrnatozoon that is derived from mitochondria
`neb-u-la \'ne-bye-l9\ n, pl -Iae \-.lé, -.1i\ also -Ias [NL, fr. L. mist, clou
`akin to OHG nebul fog, Gk nephelé, nephos cloud] (ca. 1738)
`1 : a ‘ll
`of numerous clouds of gas or dust in interstellar space 2 : GA.t.:ul.v 1?
`esp : a galaxy other than the Milky Way galaxy —— not used techngumi
`— neb-u-lar \-lar\ adj
`V
`nebular hypothesis n (1837) : a hypothesis in astronomy: the Sela
`1“
`system has evolved from a hot gaseous nebula
`neb-u-lize \'ne-bye-.liz\ vt
`ed; -liz-ing [L nebula] (1872) : to reduce
`to a fine spray — neb-uo
`za.tion \.ne-byo-lo-'25-sh9n\ n — neb_u
`Iéz-er \'ne-bye-.li-29r\ n
`neb.u-los.i.ty \.ne-bye-'15.-so-té\ n, pl -ties (1833)
`1 : the quality
`°"
`state of being nebulous 2 : nebulous matter: also : NEBULA 1
`1
`neln-u-ious \'1)e—bya'-l9S\ adj [L nebulosus misty, fr. nebula] (1734)
`: of, relating to, or resembling a nebula : NEBUIAR 2 : INDISTINCT
`VAGUE — neb-u-lous-ly adv -— neb-u-lous-ness n
`nec-es-sar-i-ly \.ne—sa-'ser-9-lé\ adv (l5c)
`1 : of necessity : UNAVQID
`ABLY 2 : as a logical result or consequence
`‘nee-es-sarv \'ne-so-.ser-é\ adj [ME necessarie, fr. L necessarius f
`necesse necessary. prob. fr. ne- not + cedere to withdraw — mega 8:-
`No] (14c)
`1 a : of an inevitable nature : INESCAPABLE b (1) : logjcalt
`ly unavoidable
`(2) : that cannot be denied Without contradiction ‘
`: determined or produced by the previous condition of things
`d
`: COMPULSORY 2 : absolutely needed : REQUIRED
`znecessary n, pl -sar-ies (14c) : an indispensable item : ESSENTLAL
`necessary condition n (1696)
`1 : a state of affairs that must prevall
`if another is to occur : PREREQUISITE 2 : a proposition whose falsit
`assures the falsity of another
`y
`ne-ces-si-tar-i-an-ism \ni-.se-so-'ter-é-9-.ni-zam\ n (1854) : the theory
`that results follow by invariable sequence from causes — ne-ces.si_
`tar-i-an \-'ter-é-sn\ adj or n
`1 : to make
`ne-ces-si-tate \ni-'se-so-.tat\ vt -tat-ed; -tat-ing (1628)
`necessary : REQUIRE 2 : FORCE, COMPEL — ne-ces-si-ta-tion \-lse_
`sa-'ta-shan\ n
`1 : NEEDY, IMPOVERISHED
`ne-ces-si-tous \ni-'se-so-tas\ ad/' (1611)
`2 : URGENT, PRESSING 3 : NECESSARY - ne-ces-si-tous-ly adv _
`ne-ces-si-tous-ness n
`ne-ces-si-ty \ni-'se-S9-té, -'ses-te\ n, pl -ties [ME necessite, fr. AF ne.
`cessité, fr. L necessilab, necessitas, fr. necesse] (14c)
`1 : the quality or
`state of being necessary 2 a : pressure of circumstance b : physical
`or moral compulsion c : impossibility of a contrary order or Condj.
`tion 3 : the quality or state of being in need;
`: POW-;RTY 4 a
`: something that is necessary : REQUIREMENT b : an urgent need or
`desire — of necessity : in such a way that it cannot be otherwise; also
`: as a necessary consequence (further changes will occur ofnecessity)
`‘neck \'nek\ n [M.E nekke, fr. OE hnecca; akin to OHG hnac nape] (bef_
`12c)
`1 a (1) : the part of an animal that connects the head with the
`body (2) : the siphon of a bivalve mollusk (as a clam) b : the part of
`a garment that covers or is next to the neck 2 : a relatively narrow
`part suggestive of a neck: as a (1) : the constricted end of a bottle (2)
`: the slender proximal end of a fruit b : CERVIX 2 c : the part of a
`stringed musical instrument extending from the body and supporting
`the fingerboard and strings
`cl
`: a narrow stretch of land e : STRAIT
`lb f : the part of a tooth between the crown and the root -—- see
`TOOTH illustration 9 : a column of solidified magma of a volcanic
`pipe or laccolith 3 : a narrow margin (won by a ~) 4 : REGION,
`PART (my ~ of the woods)
`zneck vt (1842)
`1 : to kiss and caress arnorously 2 : to reduce in diam-
`eter ~ vi
`1 : to engage in amorous kissing and caressing 2 : to be-
`corne constricted : NARROW
`neck and neck adv or adj (1799) : very close (as in a race)
`necked \'nekt\ adj (14c) : having a neck esp. of a specified kind — of-
`ten used in combination (long-necked)
`_
`neck-er-chief \'ne-kar-chef, -(.)chif, -.chét\ n, pl -chiefs also -chleves
`\see HANDKERCHIEF pl\ [ME nekkerchef, fr. nekke + kerchef kerchietl
`(14c) : a kerchief for the neck
`neck-ing \'ne-kin\ n (1804)
`1 : a narrow molding near the top of a C01’
`rous y
`umnlor pilaster 2 : tine act or practice of kissing and caressing 211110‘
`neck-lace \'ne-kles\ 11 (car 1590)
`1 : an ornament worn around the
`neck 2 : something likened to a necklace esp. in forming a linked 56'
`ries or a circular pattern (a ~ of islands)
`neck-line \'nek-.lin\ n (1904) : the line of the neck opening of 3 gar‘
`rnent
`neck—rein \—.ran\ vi (1940) ofa saddle horse : to respond to the pr_essu1'€
`of a rein on one side of the neck by turning in the opposite direction "'
`vt : to direct (a horse) by pressures of the rein on the neck
`neck-tie \-.ti\ n (1838) : a narrow length of material worn about the
`neck and tied in front; esp : FOUR-1‘N-HAND
`)
`neck-wear \-,wer\ n (ca. 1879) : ainicles of clothing (as ties and sCal'V'-35
`worn about the neck
`d
`necr- or necro- comb form [LL, fr. Gk nekr-, nekro-, fr. nekT{7{>‘ (1532
`body — more at NOXIOUS]
`1 : those that are dead (necrophilia)
`: one that is dead (necropsy)
`_ +
`neocrol-o-gy \n9-'kra-lo-jé. ne-\ n, pl -gies [NL necrologium, fr. rl€_C"'
`-logium (as in ML eulogium eulogy)] (1799)
`1 : OBITUARY 2 ; 3
`the recently dead — nec-ro-log-i-cal \.ne-kro-'15.-ji-kol\ ad!
`fr
`cro|~o-gist \na-'kréi-la-jist, ne-\ 11
`nec-ro-man-cy \'ne—kra-.man(f)-sé\ n [alter. of ME nigromam-'19’ Gk
`AF, fr. ML nigromanna, by folk etymology fr. LL necromantia,_f1'- Lon
`nekromanteia, fr. Gk rrek'r- + -manteia -mancy] (1522)
`1 : conlufagre
`of the spirits of the dead for purposes of magically revealing the fl‘ ro.
`or influencing the course of events 2 : MAGIC. SORCERY —— Dec’
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