EXHIBIT 2105
`EXHIBIT 2105
`
`IPR2017—003 17
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 — PAGE 1
`
`IPR2017-00317
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 - PAGE 1
`
`

`

`U8008989830B2
`
`US 8,989,830 132
`(10) Patent N0.:
`(12) United States Patent
`LeBoeuf et a1.
`(45) Date of Patent:
`*Mar. 24, 2015
`
`
`(54) WEARABLE LIGHT-GUIDING DEVICES FOR
`PHYSIOLOGICAL MONITORING
`
`USPC .......................................................... 600/310
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(71) Applicant: Valencell, Inc., Raleigh, NC (US)
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`(72)
`
`Inventors: Steven Francis LeBoeuf, Raleigh, NC
`(Us); Jesse Berkley “eke“ Knightdale’
`EC]W:)&1VCIiCh§elEdwardA“mers
`a e1g ’
`w )
`
`US PATENT DOCUMENTS
`3 595 219 A
`7/1971 Friedlander et al
`4:240:882 A
`12/1980 Ang et al.
`(Continued)
`
`'
`
`(73) Ass1gnee: Valencell, Inc., Rale1gh, NC (US)
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`( * ) Notice:
`
`Subject. to any disclaimer, the term ofthis
`patent 1s extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`This patent 1s subject to a terminal d1s-
`cla1mer.
`
`EP
`GB
`
`7/2009
`2 077 091 A2
`9/2005
`2 411 719 A
`(Continued)
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`(21) Applt N04 14/484,585
`.
`F1led:
`(22)
`Sep.12, 2014
`
`FiTrainer “The Only Trainer You Need”; http://itamicom; Down-
`loaded Feb. 26, 2010; o 2008 FiTrainerTM; 2 pages.
`C t'
`d
`( on “me )
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2015/0032009 A1
`
`Jan. 29, 2015
`
`Primary Examiner 7 Rodney Fuller
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm 7 Myers Bigel Sibley &
`Sa'jovec
`
`Related US. Application Data
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`(63) Continuation of application No. 14/ 184,364, filed on
`Feb. 193 2014, now Pat. No. 8,886,269, which is a
`continuation of application No. 12/691,388, filed on
`Jan.
`213
`2010:
`now Pat. No.
`8,700,111.
`.
`(Contmued)
`
`(51)
`
`(200601)
`(200601)
`
`Int. 0'
`A613 5/00 _
`A613 571453
`(52) U-S- 0-
`CPC ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A613 570082 (2013-01); A613 5/6838
`(201301};14613 5/418 (201 3 .01); A613
`5/1455 (2013~01);A6IB5/6803 (2013-01)
`USPC .......................................................... 600/310
`(58) Field of Classification Search
`CPC ..................................................... A61B 5/0082
`
`A monitoring device configured to be attached to the body 0f
`a subject includes an outer layer and an inner layer secured
`together. The inner layer includes light transmissive material
`and has inner and outer surfaces. A base is secured to at least
`one of the outer and inner layers and includes an optical
`emitter and optical detector. A layer of cladding material is
`positioned near the outer surface of the inner layer, and at
`least one Window is formed in the layer of cladding material
`that serves as a light-guiding interface to the body of the
`subject. The light transmissive material delivers light from
`the optical emitter to the body of the subject along a first
`direction and collects light from the body of the subject and
`delivers the collected light in a second direction to the optical
`detector. The first and second directions are substantially
`parallel.
`
`20 Claims, 21 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`IPR2017—003 17
`
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 — PAGE 2
`
`IPR2017-00317
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 - PAGE 2
`
`

`

`US 8,989,830 B2
`
`Page2
`
`/2
`5 Unumaetal.
`10/2
`5 Kondo et 01.
`3/2
`6 Vetteretal.
`4:2
`I
`6 Emgefifi
`2,3
`g FKIfijlillthfta'
`5/2
`6 Cane et a1.
`8/2
`6 Naito eta].
`9/2
`6 Aceti
`g 3 21:21:: 331'
`/
`.
`8/2
`7 Kimuraetal.
`8/2
`7 Chen et 01.
`
`
`
`‘
`
`'
`
`(60)
`
`(56)
`
`Related U.S.Applicati0n Data
`.
`.
`..
`Prov1s1onal apphcatlonNo. 61/208,567, filed on Feb.
`25, 2009, provisional application No. 61/208,574,
`filed on Feb. 25, 2009, provisional application No.
`61/212,444, filed onApr. 13, 2009, provisional appli-
`cation No. 61/274,191, filed onAug. 14, 2009.
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`6,941,239 B2
`6,953,435 B2
`7,018,338 B2
`7024369 B1
`3.822532% 3%
`7.054674 32
`7,088,234 B2
`7,107,088 B2
`322222; 3%
`‘,
`5/
`7.252 639 B2
`'
`’
`7,263,396 B2
`
`3/1984 SlaVin
`4438 772 A
`a
`a
`1/1985 Linvill
`4,491,760 A
`6/1985 Switzer
`21499 A
`1
`9/1985 K
`352415905 A
`6/1986 SuWanaeta-
`4,592,807 A
`“987 DEV“ 31
`4,655,225 A
`a
`‘-
`9
`5/1990 Hag?“ ~
`4,978,704 A
`9/1990 Groegeretal.
`4,957,109 A
`6/1991 Cooket al.
`5,022,970 A
`1/1992 Knudson et a1.
`5,079,421 A
`2/1992 Rosenthaletal.
`5,086,229 A
`9/1992 Matheret 01.
`5,143,078 A
`'
`a
`a
`9/1994 Caro
`5348002 A
`12/1994 Popeetal.
`5,377,100 A
`'
`a
`a
`1/1996 Diab etal
`5482 036 A
`2/1996 Greenberger
`5,492,129 A
`/
`d
`1
`22223 2111106”
`322222; :2
`a
`a
`9/1997 131$;
`56627117 A
`10/1997 Schulze etal.
`5,673,692 A
`12/1997 Odagirietal
`5697 374 A
`'
`a
`a
`0000 Singer
`0,000,000 A
`4/1998 Chungetal.
`5,743,260 A
`7/1998 Ch
`5779631 A
`1
`9/1998 H 311°C
`5,807,114 A
`12/1998 S0 26””
`5,852,005 A
`$999 who“
`5,938,593 A
`long” 3:; we
`5,971,931 A
`/
`.
`0
`0
`1
`11/1999 K113“
`5,995,858 A
`122222 go met?
`2234222 :2
`/
`00ml”
`,
`’2
`22388 89;“-
`282332; 2
`1
`/
`”91:“
`0 7 0
`22388 fi 1
`e‘a-
`283351522 2
`a
`a
`”001 Brgvrflfrsen
`651865145 31
`3/2001 Jacobsenetal.
`6,198,394 31
`5/2001 Blantsetal.
`6231519 31
`.
`a~ 35
`”001 Acetietal
`6578,5915 31
`9/2001 Anderson et 01.
`6,285,816 31
`9/2001 Chaikenetal.
`6,289,230 31
`~
`a
`5
`12/2001 Sato etal
`6332 868 31
`”002 Krausetal.
`6,358,216 31
`”007 Goldstem
`6361660 31
`2
`.
`,
`0
`4/2002 Imaietal
`6,371,925 31
`00000 00000000.
`0,440,000 30
`”002 Thomas 6101.
`6,444,474 31
`9/2002 Clift
`6454 718 31
`10/2007 B
`1
`6,458,080 31
`/
`;
`”W“ em
`0 7 0
`13/338; 393611 1
`2:12:33 3%
`/
`1. “WA
`0 7 0
`3238;
`IsflVOHC 6; ~
`2353123 3%
`6,556,852 31 mm 80?th 51
`655695094 32
`”003 SC “ka ftl~
`6,571,117 31
`”003 121211133; 3-
`a
`a
`'
`6,605,038 31 mm Te‘ffer :1 01
`6,631,196 31
`10/2003 Taenzeretal.
`6,647,378 32
`11/2003 Kindo
`6,656,116 32
`”/2003 Kim et al.
`6,694,180 31
`2/2004 Boesen
`6,760,610 32
`7/2004 Tschupp etal.
`6,783,501 32
`8/2004 Takahashi et 01.
`6,808,473 32
`10/2004 Hisano et 01.
`6,859,658 31
`2/2005 Krug
`6,893,396 32
`5/2005 Schulzeetal.
`
`
`
`7336382 B2
`.
`55
`321724,? 3%
`*
`’“
`7,470,234 B1
`7,483,730 B2
`7,486,988 B2
`7,519,327 B2
`3232322 3%
`7695440 B2
`7‘725’147 B2
`7‘756’ggg B2
`‘
`7,843,325 B2
`7,914,468 B2
`"
`799L448 B2
`8‘050”28 B2
`8,055,319 B2
`8,130,105 B2
`8,137,270 B2
`8‘251’903 B2
`8‘328’420 B2
`4
`332902203 Bi
`'
`’
`8,506,524 B2
`8,512,242 B2
`8,730,048 B2
`201/0049471A
`20 2/0143242 A-
`20 2/0156654 A
`20 2/0186137 A-
`20 3/0002705 A
`20 3/0007631 A
`20 3/0050563 A
`20 3/0064712 A
`20 3/0083583 A
`q
`20 3/0109030 A
`38 232232422 2
`“ 7
`.0
`20 4/0004547 A
`38 $333,533 2
`20 40034293 A
`20 4/0054291 A
`20 4/00756/7 A
`20 “077934 A
`33 38113033:
`20 4/0120844 A
`‘
`2O 4/0122294 A
`20 4/0122702 A
`20 4/0133123 A
`20 4/0135571 A
`20 4/0138578 A
`20 4/0186390 A
`20 4/0219056 A
`20 4/0220488 A
`20 4/0225207 A-
`20 40228494 A
`20 4/0h429’6 A
`20 5/0004458 A
`20 5/0027216 A
`20 5/0038349 A
`20 5/0043600 A
`20 5/0043630 A
`20 5/0058456 A
`20 5/0059870 A
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`8 Y°° “I”
`’9
`.
`//
`2% 2 22211112262221
`’
`y
`12/2
`8 Elhagetal.
`1/2 09 Diabetal.
`/2
`9 Goodalletal.
`/
`/2 09 White
`139% 03 12:23::
`[/2 10 Kondoget 3.1
`5:72 10 Li etal
`79 10 Abreu‘
`’,
`/
`112 10 0110
`32 11 Shalonetal.
`/
`_
`'
`’2 11 Edgar etal.
`1192 11 A1 All at al'
`112 11 Ohetal.
`3/2 12 Al-Alietal.
`/
`3/2 12 Keenanetal.
`92 12 L°B°°Uf°t 31'
`12’2 12 Abreu
`7/
`.
`,3 1% 83552500
`0
`,2 13 Graskovetal.
`8/2 13 LeBoeufetal.
`5/2 14 Shenetal.
`12/2
`1 Suzukietal.
`10/2
`2 Nemirovski
`10/2
`2 Roe etal.
`12/2
`2 Skardon
`1/2
`3 Boesen
`1/2
`3 Bolognesietal.
`3/2
`3 Suribhotla et 01,
`4/2
`3 Gaston etal.
`5/2
`3 Kovtun etal.
`/
`.
`/2 03 Uchidaetal.
`1
`119% 02 2122121231,
`’
`were a'
`.
`1/2
`4 Appeltetal.
`i3 0:: £11165“:le
`,
`.
`/
`2’2
`4 Klmbafl
`32 4 Schulzetal.
`,2
`4 Loyalletal.
`,
`’Q
`4 Massad
`2,;
`3 12:00.00
`/2
`4 Tribelskv 00' 01
`'
`’
`4
`/2
`4 Hatlestadetal.
`/2
`4 Saboletal.
`7/2
`4 Leonhardtetal.
`/2
`4 Uutelaetal.
`/2
`4 Pinedaetal.
`/2
`4 Rossetal.
`11/2
`4 Tribelsky eta].
`11/2
`4 Vyshedskiy et 31.
`/
`'
`11/2
`4 B86 etal.
`11,2
`4 Smlth
`12,2
`4 Able“
`12
`5 Kanayamaet 81.
`/2
`5 Gu111emaudet 21.
`2/2
`5 Choietal.
`7’2
`5 Dlab et a1.
`/2
`5 Buchert
`3/2
`5 Yoo
`3/2
`5 Aceti
`
`'
`
`
`
`IPR2017—003 17
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 — PAGE 3
`
`IPR2017-00317
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 - PAGE 3
`
`

`

`US 8,989,830 B2
`
`Page3
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`US. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`5/2005 Buchneretal.
`5/2005 Chance
`5/2005 Farringdon etal.
`6/2005 Goldreich
`6/2005 Nanikashvili
`7/2005 Boesen
`7/2005 Lecompte et a1.
`8/2005 Beaumont
`8/2005 Petersen et a1.
`9/2005 Givens etal.
`9/2005 BOCSCIl
`9/2005 Nanikashvili
`9/2005 Fraden
`10/2005 Miller et a1.
`10/2005 Buchheit et a1.
`10/2005 Banet
`10/2005 Banet
`10/2005 Keenan et a1.
`11/2005 Zen etal.
`11/2005 Kimmetal.
`1/2006 Finarov etal.
`3/2006 Shalon etal.
`4/2006 Banet et a1.
`6/2006 Yates etal.
`6/2006 Garay et a1.
`9/2006 Crump etal.
`9/2006 Zhao
`9/2006 Kock etal.
`9/2006 Al-Alietal.
`10/2006 Swedlow etal.
`10/2006 Zhao
`11/2006 MacPhee
`11/2006 Obaetal.
`12/2006 Selod
`1/2007 sham
`1/2007 Kong etal.
`1/2007 Filkins et a1.
`1/2007 Sunnen
`2/2007 Oliver et a1.
`3/2007 Drinan et a1.
`3/2007 Devaul et a1.
`4/2007 Nissila et a1.
`4/2007 Rippo et al.
`4/2007 Rippo et a].
`4/2007 Stahmann
`5/2007 Kinast
`5/2007 Heckerman et a].
`5/2007 Grilliot et 31.
`5/2007 Oliver et a1.
`7/2007 Bridger et a1.
`8/2007 Wolfetal.
`9/2007 Novac
`10/2007 Alwan etal.
`11/2007 Havukainen
`11/2007 Coppiet al.
`11/2007 Gal
`1/2008 Baxiet a].
`
`31/3383 Norigausker flit £11.
`ag
`V1 eta.
`4/2008 Riley et a1.
`5/2008 Banet et a1.
`6/2008 Hong etal.
`6/2008 AZZNO 91 31~
`6/2008 LeBoeufet al.
`6/2008 LeBoeufet a1.
`6/2008 Morris et 31.
`6/2008 Lemay
`7/2008 Schwartz
`7/2008 Sattleretal.
`7/2008 Dotter
`7/2008 Bae eta1.
`51/2008 Luo
`11/2008 Stroetz et a1.
`1/2009 Petersen et al.
`1/2009 Stivoric etal.
`
`
`
`20 9/0010461 A
`20 9/0030350 A
`20 9/0054752 A
`20 9/0069645 A
`20 90082994 A
`20 9/0088611 A
`20 90093687 A
`20 9/0105548 A:
`20 9/0105556 A
`20 9/0112071 A.
`20 9/0131761 A
`20 9/0131764 A
`20 90314060 A
`20 9/0264711 A
`20 9/0270698 A
`20 9/0287067 A
`2010/0004517 A
`2010/0045663 A
`2010/0100013 A
`2010/0168531 A
`2010/0172522 A
`2010/0179389 A
`2010/0185105 A
`2010/0217102 A
`2010/0217103 A
`2010/0222655 A
`2010/0323315 A
`2010/0298653 A
`2011/0023310 A
`2011/0028813 A
`2011/0105869 A
`2012/0030547 A
`2012/0095303 A
`2012/0179011 A
`2012/0197093 A
`2012/0277548 A
`2013/0131519 A
`2013/0245387 A
`2013/0336495 A.
`2014/0051940 A
`2014/0219467 A4
`
`
`
`
`
`9 Klinghult et a1.
`1/2
`9 Yang et al.
`1/2
`9 Jonnalagadda et a1.
`/2
`9 Nielsen et al.
`3/2
`9 Schuler et al-
`3/2
`9 131156th
`[’2
`9 Telfort 6131
`[’2
`9 BAIT
`4/2
`9 Frlckeetal-
`4/2
`9 LeBoeufetal.
`/2
`9 Moroney, 1H etal.
`5/2
`9 Lee etal-
`5/2
`89 9 Chung 6‘4
`10/2
`9 Schuler etal.
`10/2
`9 811101 et a1.
`11/2
`9 Dorogusker 61 5111
`1/2 10 Bryenton et a1.
`[’2 10 Chen @1111
`[’2 10 Hu efial
`/2 10 Shaltlsetal.
`7/2 10 Mooring et al.
`7/2 10 Morqneyetal.
`/2 10 Baldmger
`/2 10 Leboeufetal.
`8/2 10 Abdul-Hafiz et al.
`9/2 10 Stan 6t 31
`/2 10 Nlelsen _
`11/2 10 McComble etal.
`/2 11 Van $1ka ML
`2/2 11 Watson etal.
`5/2 11 Wilson etal.
`/2 12 RAPtlsetalr
`/2 12 He
`7/2 12 Moon 6131
`/2 12 LeBoeufet al.
`11/2 12 Burton
`5/2 13 LeBoeufetal.
`9’2 13 Patel
`12/2 13 Burgettet a1.
`/2 14 Messerschmidt
`/2 14 KuITZ
`
`
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`wo
`W0
`wo
`wo
`
`7-241279
`9-253062
`9-299342
`2000-116611
`2001-025462
`20030159221
`2004-283523
`2007-044203
`2007-185348
`2010-526646
`wo 00/47108 A1
`WO 2005/020121 A1
`wo 2008/141306 A2
`wo 2013/038296 A1
`
`9/1995
`9/1997
`11/1997
`4/2000
`1/2001
`6/2003
`10/2004
`2/2007
`7/2007
`8/2010
`8/2000
`3/2005
`11/2008
`3/2013
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Notification ofTransmittal ofthe International Search Reportandthe
`-
`-
`-
`-
`-
`-
`ertten Op1n10n of the Internat1onal Searching IAut-hor1ty, or the
`Declaratlon correspondlng to Internatlonal Apphcation No. PCT/
`US2013/070271; Date of Mailing: Feb. 26, 2014; International
`Search Report; Written Opinion of the International Searching
`Authorit
`.13 a es
`.
`Y’
`P g
`'
`.
`.
`Not1ficat1on- of Transmlttal of the Internatlonal Search Report and
`ertten Op1n10n lssued Aug. 26, 2010 by the Korean Intellectual
`Property Office for corresponding International Application No.
`PCT/U82010/021629.
`“US. Army Fitness Training Handbook” by the Department of the
`Army, 2003,The Lyons Press. p. 17.
`“Warfighter Physiological and Environmental MonitoringtAStudy
`forthe U.S.Arrny Research Institute in Environmental Medicine and
`the Soldier Systems Center”, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
`Lincoln Laboratory, Final Report, Nov.1,2004,preparedfortheU.S.
`
`2 05/ 113167 A1
`2 05/ 113656 A1
`2 05/ 113703 A1
`2 05/ 116820 A1
`2 05/ 119833 A1
`2 05/ 148883 Al
`2 05/ 154264 A1
`2 05/ 177034 A1
`2 05/ 187448 A1
`2 05/ 192515 A1
`2 05/ 196009 A1
`2 05/ 203349 Al
`2 05/ 209516 A1
`2 05/ 222487 A1
`2 05/ 222903 A1
`2 05/ 228244 A1
`2 05/ 228299 A1
`2 05/ 240087 A1
`2 05/0258816 A1
`2 05/ 259811 A1
`2 06/0009685 A1
`2 06/ 064037 A1
`2 06/0084878 A1
`2 06/ 123885 Al
`2 06/0142665 A1
`2 06/ 202816 A1
`2 06/ 205083 A1
`2 06/ 210058 A1
`2 06/ 211922 A1
`2 06/ 224059 A1
`2 06/ 240558 A1
`2 06/ 246342 A1
`2 06/ 251334 A1
`2 06/ 292533 A1
`2 07/ 004449 Al
`2 07/ 004969 A1
`2 07/ 015992 A1
`2 07/ 021206 A1
`2 07/ 027367 A1
`2 07/ 060800 A1
`2 07/ 063850 A1
`2 07/ 082789 A1
`2 07/ 083092 A1
`2 07/ 083095 A1
`2 07/ 088221 A1
`2 07/ 106167 A1
`2 07/ 112598 A1
`2 07/ 116314 A1
`2 07/ 118043 A1
`2 07/0165872 A1
`2 07/ 197881 A1
`2 07/0213020 A1
`2 07/ 233403 A1
`2 07/0265097 A1
`2 07/ 270667 A1
`2 07/ 270671 A1
`2 08/ 004536 A1
`
`2 83/ 83323 2%
`/
`2 08/ 096726 A1
`2 08/ 114220 A1
`2 08/ 132798 A1
`2 08/ 141301 A1
`2 08/ 146890 A1
`2 08/ 146892 A1
`2 08/ 154098 A1
`2 08/ 154105 A1
`2 08/ 165017 A1
`2 08/ 170600 A1
`2 051/ 171945 A1
`2 08/ 177162 A1
`2 08/ 200774 A1
`2 08/ 287752 A1
`2 09/ 005662 A1
`2 09/ 006457 A1
`
`
`
`
`
`IPR2017—003 17
`
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 — PAGE 4
`
`IPR2017-00317
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 - PAGE 4
`
`

`

`US 8,989,830 B2
`Page 4
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Army under Air Force Contract F19628-00-C-0002; approved for
`public release.
`Anpo et al. “Photocatalytic Reduction of C02 With H20 on Titanium
`Oxides Anchored within Micropores ofZeolites: Effects ofthe Struc-
`ture of the Active Sites and the Addition of Pt” J. Phys. Chem. B,
`101:2632-2636 (1997).
`Barsan et al. “Undersmnding the fundamental principles of metal
`oxide based gas sensors; the example of CO sensing with SnO2
`sensors in the presence ofhumidity” Journal ofPhysics; Condensed
`Matter 152R813-R839 (2003).
`Bott “Electrochemistry of Semiconductors” Current Separations
`17(3):87-91 (1998).
`Colligan, M. J. et al. in “The psychological effects of indoor air
`pollution”, Bulletin of the NewYork Academy of Medicine, vol. 57,
`No. 10, Dec. 1981, p. 1014-1026.
`de Paula Santos, U. et al, in “Effects ofair pollution on blood pressure
`and heart rate variability: a panel study ofvehicular traffic controllers
`in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil”, European Heart Journal (2005) 26,
`193 -200.
`Ebert, T et al., “Influence of Hydration Status on Thermoregulation
`and Cycling Hill Climbing,” Med. Sci. Sport Exerc . vol. 39, No. 2, pp.
`323-329, 2007.
`European Search Report corresponding to European Application No.
`078626603 dated Apr. 25, 2012; 7 pages.
`Falkner et al, “Cardiovascular response to mental stress in normal
`adolescents with hypertensive parents. Hemodynamics and mental
`stress in adolescents,” Hypertension 1979, 1:23-30.
`Fleming et al., “A Comparison of Signal Processing Techniques for
`the Extraction of Breathing Rate from the Photopethysmorgram,”
`World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 30,
`Oct. 2007, pp. 276-280.
`Geladas et al., “Effect of cold air inhalation on core temperature in
`exercising subjects under stress,” The American Physiological Soci-
`ety, pp. 2381-2387. 1988.
`Gold, D.R. et al. in “Ambient Pollution and Heart Rate Variability”,
`Circulation 2000, 101:1267-1273.
`International Search Report corresponding to International Patent
`Application No. PCT/US2012/046446, Date of Mailing: Jan. 14,
`2013, 3 pages.
`International Search Report and Written Opinion ofthe International
`Searching Authority,
`corresponding to PCT/US2012/0948079,
`mailed Oct. 9, 2012.
`International Search Report and Written Opinion ofthe International
`Searching Authority, corresponding to PCT/US2007/O25 1 l4, mailed
`May 13, 2008.
`
`International Search Report Corresponding to International Applica-
`tion No. PCT/US2012/022634, Date of Mailing: Aug. 22, 2012, 9
`pages.
`Maomao et al., “Mobile Context-Aware Game for the Next Genera-
`tion,77 2”“ International Conference on Application and Development
`of Computer Games ADCOG 2003, p. 78-81.
`Martins et al. “Zinc oxide as an ozone sensor” Journal ofApplied
`Physics 96(3):1398-1408 (2004).
`Maughan, R.J., “Impact of mild dehydration on wellness and on
`exercise performance,” European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 57,
`Suppl. 2, pp. Sl9-S23, 2003.
`Maughan et al ., “Exercise, Heat, Hydration and the Brain.” Journal of
`the American College of Nutrition, vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 604S-612S,
`2007.
`
`
`
`Mostardi, R., et al., “The effect of increased body temperature due to
`exercise on the heart rate and the maximal aerobic power,” Europ. J.
`Appl. Physiol, 33, pp. 237-245, 1974.
`Nakajima et al., “Monitoring of heart and respiratory rates by
`photoplethyusmography using a digital filtering technique,” Med.
`Eng. Phys., vol. 18, No. 5, Jul. 1996, pp. 365-372.
`Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report and
`Written Opinion of the International Search Authority issued Jul. 30,
`2010 by the Korean Intellectual Property Office for corresponding
`International Application No. PCT/US2010/021936.
`Notification of Transmittal ofthe International Search Report and the
`Written Opinion ofthe International Search Authority issued Sep. 16,
`2010 by the Korean Intellectual Property Office for corresponding
`International Application No. PCT/US2010/024922.
`Notification of Transmittal ofthe International Search Report and the
`Written Opinion ofthe International Search Authority issued Sep. 27,
`2010 by the Korean Intellectual Property Office for corresponding
`International Application No. PCT/US2010/025216.
`Saladin et al. “P roto synthesis ofCH4 at a TiO2 Surface from Gaseous
`H20 and COJJ. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 533-534 (1995).
`Shorten et al., “Acute effect of environmental temperature during
`exercise on subsequent energy intake in active men,” Am. J Clin.
`Nutr. 90, pp, 1215-1221, 2009.
`Skubal et al. “Detection and identification of gaseous organics using
`a TiO2 sensor” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A:
`Chemistry 148: 103-108 (2002).
`Skubal et al. “Monitoring the Electrical Response of Photoinduced
`Organic Oxideation on TiO2 Surfaces” Manuscript submitted Oct.
`2000 to SPIE Intl. Symposium on Environment & Industrial Sensing,
`Boston, MA, Nov. 5-8, 2000, sponsored by SPIE. 10 pp.
`Thompson, M.W., “Cardiovascular drift and critical core tempera-
`ture: factors limiting endurance performance in the heat. ” J. Exerc.
`Sci. Fit. vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 15-24, 2006.
`Zhang et al. “Development of Chemical Oxygen Demand On-Line
`Monitoring System Based on a Photoelectrochemical Degradation
`Principle” Environ. Sci. Technol, 40(7):2363-2368 (2006).
`
`IPR2017—003 17
`
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 — PAGE 5
`
`IPR2017-00317
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 - PAGE 5
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Mar. 24, 2015
`
`Sheet 1 of 21
`
`US 8,989,830 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`100
`
`
`
`
`
`
`I32
`
`FIG. 2
`
`IPR2017—003 17
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 — PAGE 6
`
`IPR2017-00317
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 - PAGE 6
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar. 24, 2015
`
`Sheet2 of 21
`
`US 8,989,830 B2
`
`.\‘\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\‘.\\
`
`“-‘I‘\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\‘\
`7 IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII’.’\''v
`
`
`
`%Illllllllllllllllll/(s
`“—‘“n\\\‘\\\\\\\—“\\\.\"\‘Vl'
`
`\\\\\\\\\\\\\\L\\\\\\\\“
`
`
`
`:\\“‘\\\\\\‘\‘\\\\
`'l[I’lllllilllllll’ll[bx
`‘
`2v
`’§fixaa
`
`5-"
`
`
`
`
`
`j§
`/ I
`43A
`/ \\L\\\\\\\\\\\\\\“"
`
`\\\\\\\\\\“‘\\“‘
`l,\\\
`
`IPR2017—003 17
`
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 — PAGE 7
`
`IPR2017-00317
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 - PAGE 7
`
`

`

`U
`
`tnea
`
`5m2
`
`12f03mhS
`
`0098,SU
`
`2B03009,
`
`
`
`P0S.0001\\5
`
`A",00,21
`r.w,‘m6w,
`
`&
`r”
`\a“\“‘
`
`floVfixfiuufiufiflfiy
`
`IPR2017—003 17
`
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105
`— PAGE 8
`
`IPR2017-00317
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 - PAGE 8
`
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar. 24, 2015
`
`Sheet 4 of 21
`
`US 8,989,830 B2
`
`50
`
`IPR2017—003 17
`
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105
`— PAGE 9
`
`IPR2017-00317
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 - PAGE 9
`
`

`

`U-S- Patent
`
`Mar' 249 2015
`
`Sheet 5 0f 21
`
`50
`
`26
`
`81
`
`z
`
`I,
`
`>I
`
`'1” O
`r
`m oo
`\‘\
`9
`
`1PR2017-00317
`
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 — PAGE 10
`
`IPR2017-00317
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 - PAGE 10
`
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar. 24, 2015
`
`Sheet 6 of 21
`
`US 8,989,830 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`§§
`
`
`
` \Vfi‘m
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`4
`
`‘
`
`x
`
`x
`
`\\
`Simwm
`
`
`I
`
`
`
`1H
`
`
`
`
`
`§\\\\\\ V-k\\\\\\\\\\\\
`
`
`
`
`
`},\\\\\\
`
`
`
`
`
` l1".
`
`
`IPR2017—003 17
`
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 — PAGE 11
`
`IPR2017-00317
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 - PAGE 11
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Mar. 24, 2015
`
`Sheet 7 of 21
`
`US 8,989,830 B2
`
`
`
` 50
`
`I
`-Wlllllllllll’o'
`
`
`
`
`
`IPR2017—003 17
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 — PAGE 12
`
`IPR2017-00317
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 - PAGE 12
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Mar. 24, 2015
`
`Sheet 8 of 21
`
`US 8,989,830 B2
`
`
`
`IPR2017—003 17
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 — PAGE 13
`
`IPR2017-00317
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 - PAGE 13
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Mar. 24, 2015
`
`Sheet 9 of 21
`
`US 8,989,830 B2
`
`.
`
`IPR2017—003 17
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 — PAGE 14
`
`IPR2017-00317
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 - PAGE 14
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Mar. 24, 2015
`
`Sheet 10 of 21
`
`US 8,989,830 B2
`
`
`
`
`,U
`
`
`
`
`
`'3".—
`
`
`
`
`
`
`26 m
`
`
`”
`.J
`98
`FIG. 9A
`
`FIG 9B
`
`TRIANGULAR
`FOSSA
`
`fiAPHom
`FOSSA
`
`
`
`
`
`TRAGUS
`
`INTERTRAGIC
`NOTCH
`
`/
`
`IPR2017—003 17
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 — PAGE 15
`
`IPR2017-00317
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 - PAGE 15
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Mar. 24, 2015
`
`Sheet 11 of 21
`
`US 8,989,830 B2
`
`
`
`IPR2017—003 17
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 — PAGE 16
`
`IPR2017-00317
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 - PAGE 16
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Mar. 24, 2015
`
`Sheet 12 of 21
`
`US 8,989,830 B2
`
`
`
`Lu
`an
`
`9;
`LI.
`
`‘0 WWW "WI/1' a”.
`
`U
`
`'l
`7r”
`
`((1332 .a; all];
`g,
`
`8
`
`"’1
`
`:
`
`
`
`,4,
`2
`r
`
`4
`
`'3‘
`II
`
`
`
`
`
`2:
`{// Q
`— L:///’/
`
`C‘ I— will)?
`
`
`NN
`
`
`
`
`
`50
`
`IPR2017—003 17
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 — PAGE 17
`
`IPR2017-00317
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 - PAGE 17
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Mar. 24, 2015
`
`Sheet 13 of 21
`
`US 8,989,830 B2
`
`““““““
` \
`
`I,
`
`r
`
`I,
`
`”/
`
`\
`
`‘\
`
`s
`
`\_‘
`
`\
`24a
`240
`
`
`
`/
`
`'
`
`27d
`
`'\\\\\\\\\ ”ll/IIIA \\§\\§\\\\\‘
`
`
`
`
`FACINGANTITRAGUS
`
`27b
`
`
`FACING EARBUD
`
`H6. 124
`
`FIG. 123
`
`IPR2017—003 17
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 — PAGE 18
`
`IPR2017-00317
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 - PAGE 18
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Mar. 24, 2015
`
`Sheet 14 of 21
`
`US 8,989,830 B2
`
`200
`K
`
`CHANNELA
`
`(HANNELB
`
`2L
`
`‘
`
`ESTIMATOR
`
`PARAMETER
`.
`
`
`
`
`
`203 X
`
`PARAMETER
`ESTIMATOR
`
`
`
`
`CHANNEL”
`
`CHANNELC
`
`“ANNE”
`
`HG. I3
`
`IPR2017—003I7
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 — PAGE 19
`
`IPR2017-00317
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 - PAGE 19
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Mar. 24, 2015
`
`Sheet 15 of 21
`
`US 8,989,830 B2
`
`RAW SIGNAL IN LOW MOTION
`
`5020
`
`,
`
`~
`
`,
`
`,
`
`56789IOIII2I3I4IS
`110.7471
`
`”BLOCKED CHANNEL” IN LOW MOTION
`
`
`
`567 39101112131415
`HGMB
`
`1111w SIGNAL 111 HIGH 11011010
`
`70
`
`71
`
`72
`
`73
`
`74
`
`75
`
`76
`
`77
`
`78
`
`79
`
`80
`
`FIG.I4C
`
`”BLOCKED CHANNEL” IN HIGH MOTION
`
`W W2950
`
`70
`
`71
`
`72
`
`73
`
`74
`
`75
`
`76
`
`77
`
`78
`
`79
`
`80
`
`H6. MD
`
`IPR2017—003 17
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 — PAGE 20
`
`IPR2017-00317
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 - PAGE 20
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Mar. 24, 2015
`
`Sheet 16 of 21
`
`US 8,989,830 B2
`
`400
`
`\ 200100
`160
`140
`
`
`
`
`
`HEARTRATE(bpm)
`
`I20
`
`I00
`
`30
`
`RESTING
`
`00 ------
`
`40
`
`20
`
`ADAPTIVE FILTER+BEAT FINDER
`
`RUNNING
`
`"
`
`\ r'mfl'
`f
`
`JOGGING
`
`BEAT FINDER ONLY
`
`
`00
`who
`who
`3000
`who
`5000
`6000
`
`TIMEISECONDS)
`
`FIG. 75
`
`500
`
`PRE-ADAPTIVE SIGNAL CONDITIONING
`
`PARAMETER EXTRACTION
`
`ADAPTIVE EILTERING
`
`HG. I6
`
`IPR2017—003 17
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 — PAGE 21
`
`IPR2017-00317
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 - PAGE 21
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Mar. 24, 2015
`
`Sheet 17 of 21
`
`US 8,989,830 B2
`
`
`
`
`PROCESSOR/
`
`MULTIPLEXER
`
`
`
`
`
`700
`
`STEPS
`
`PACE
`
`ORTR
`ACTIVITY
`IRTERSITIIRTEORITT
`
`BLOOD
`FLOW
`
`
`
`FIG. 78
`
`
`HERRT BREATHING BLOOD Am?
`RATE
`RATE
`PRESSURE
`LEVELS
`
`
`
`
`
`
`IPR2017—003 17
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 — PAGE 22
`
`IPR2017-00317
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 - PAGE 22
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Mar. 24, 2015
`
`Sheet 18 of 21
`
`US 8,989,830 B2
`
`
`
`Fm———_———______-.n-mm—u—n—p.—_.——..——___._______________—_._._.____.__..
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`
`‘
`:
`5
`
`POWER
`
`REGULATION
`
`
`
`DIGITAL CONTROL ,
`
`E
`.
`E
`
`I
`
`,
`
`SIGNAL
`INPUT/OUTPUT ,
`PROCESSING
`:
`:
`I
`I
`|.____——_~——___-_————~————._———_—————————————————————_————.
`
`I
`
`IPR2017—003 17
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 — PAGE 23
`
`IPR2017-00317
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 - PAGE 23
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar. 24, 2015
`
`Sheet 19 0f 21
`
`US 8,989,830 B2
`
`”RED
`GREN
`SD[LI.
`[LUILB
`
`Hook
`BUITON
`
`.<<KVrLA3“TI
`
`N>N0IIDnUnC"
`”UM”BTB
`
`HAWMUSE
`BUHON
`
`POWER
`BUHON
`
`:2:ij
`
`.
`
`
`
`v2:228E
`
`GUM:
`
`22m#55::
`
`
`
`:2
`
`..
`
`.52
`
`HE953EEEEEEE
`
`.:5
`
`H55%
`
`REESEu;
`
`.:5;
`
`‘HExfimm
`
`ME;53:
`
`mmmam—lam
`
`as“:3:
`
`mvzéfimm352%~5me‘
`
`.322553mEmzbfiz
`
`955mEm:
`
`
`
`com
`
`.5.6mm:1,
`
`
`
`2.28mgemzmm2258
`
`
`
`925$qu97:22:sz
`
`5455283quOE
`
`m=mUS
`
`HE52836:
`
`
`
` .3:5:3me\552::
`
`a«E
`
`a
`
`
`
`..............”.323.E25:
`
`EzoEo
`
`IPR2017—003 17
`
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 — PAGE 24
`
`IPR2017-00317
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 - PAGE 24
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Mar. 24, 2015
`
`Sheet 20 of 21
`
`US 8,989,830 B2
`
`HG.ZZA
`
`
`IPR2017—003 17
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 — PAGE 25
`
`IPR2017-00317
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 - PAGE 25
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar. 24, 2015
`
`Sheet 21 of 21
`
`US 8,989,830 B2
`
`
`
`I”
`
`Q
`
`om
`
`
`
`fil’fflfllfillfé.‘I:!L.I
`
`>>
`
`y’”?””’?”l?’”l”§firé‘=5:a\kn«I!Mgg’a’élllllla’g”?
`
`I.m
`
`MNME
`
`IPR2017-00317
`CONDITIONAL MOTION TO AMEND
`
`VALENCELL, INC.
`EXHIBIT 2105 - PAGE 26
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`US 8,989,830 B2
`
`1
`WEARABLE LIGHT-GUIDING DEVICES FOR
`PHYSIOLOGICAL MONITORING
`
`RELATED APPLICATIONS
`
`This application is a continuation application of pending
`US. patent application Ser. No. 14/184,364, filed Feb. 19,
`2014, which is a continuation application ofUS. patent appli-
`cation Ser. No. 12/691,388, filed Jan. 21, 2010, now US. Pat.
`No. 8,700,1 1 1, and which claims the benefit of and priority to
`US. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/208,567 filed
`Feb. 25, 2009, US. Provisional Patent Application No.
`61/208,574 filed Feb. 25, 2009, US. Provisional Patent
`Application No. 61/212,444 filed Apr. 13, 2009, and US.
`Provisional Patent Application No. 61/274,191 filed Aug. 14,
`2009, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by
`reference as if set forth in their entireties.
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention relates generally to physiological
`monitoring and, more particularly, to physiological monitor-
`ing devices.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`There is growing market demand for personal health and
`environmental monitors, for example, for gauging overall
`health and metabolism during exercise, athletic training, diet-
`ing, daily life activities, sickness, and physical therapy. How-
`ever, traditional health monitors and environmental monitors
`may be bulky, rigid, and uncomfortableigenerally not suit-
`able for use during daily physical activity. There is also grow-
`ing interest in generating and comparing health and environ-
`mental exposure statistics ofthe general public and particular
`demographic groups. For example, collective statistics may
`enable the healthcare industry and medical community to
`direct healthcare resources to where they are most highly
`valued. However, methods of collecting these statistics may
`be expensive and laborious, often utilizing human-based
`recording/analysis steps at multiple sites.
`As such, improved ways of collecting, storing and analyz-
`ing physiological
`information are needed.
`In addition,
`improved ways of seamlessly extracting physiological infor-
`mation from a person during everyday life activities, espe-
`cially during high activity levels, may be important for
`enhancing fitness training and healthcare quality, promoting
`and facilitating prevention, and reducing healthcare costs.
`
`SUMMARY
`
`It should be appreciated that this Summary is provided to
`introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form, the
`concepts being further described below in the Detailed
`Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key
`features or essential features of this disclosure, nor is it
`intended to limit the scope of the invention.
`According to some embodiments of the present invention,
`a headset configured to be attached to the ear of a person
`includes a base, an earbud housing extending outwardly from
`the base that is configured to be positioned within an ear of a
`subject, and a cover surrounding the earbud housing. The base
`includes a speaker, an optical emitter, and an optical detector.
`The cover includes light transmissive material that is in opti-
`cal communication with the optical emitter and the optical
`detector and serves as a light guide to deliver light from the
`optical emitter into the ear canal of the subject wearing the
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`2
`
`headset at one or more predetermined locations and to collect
`light external to the earbud housing and deliver the collected
`light to the optical detector. The optical emitter, via the light-
`guiding cover, directs optical energy towards a particular
`region of ear and the optical detector detects secondary opti-
`cal energy emanating from the ear region. In some embodi-
`ments, the optical detector may include an optical filter con-
`figured to pass
`secondary optical energy at
`selective
`wavelengths. In some embodiments, the light transmissive
`material of the cover may be configured, for example via the
`use of cladding and/or light reflective material, such that the
`cover serves as a light guide that is coupled in parallel to the
`optical emitter and detector. In some embodiments, the light
`transmissive material of the cover may be configured, for
`example Via the use of cladding and/or light reflective mate-
`rial, such that the cover serves as a light guide that is coupled
`perpendicular to the optical emitter and detector.
`In some embodiments, the headset may include various
`electronic components secured to the base. For example, the
`headset may include one or more environmental sensors con-
`figured to detect and/or measure environmental conditions in
`a vicinity of the headset. The headset may include a signal
`processor configured to receive and process signals produced
`by the optical detector. For example, in some embodiments, a
`signal processor may be configured to extract secondary opti-
`cal energy and remove optical noise or environmental noise.
`The headset may include a signal processor configured to
`receive and process signals produced by the one or more
`environmental sensors. In addition, the headset may include a
`transmitter configured to transmit signals processed by the
`signal processor to a remote device in real time. Headsets
`according to embodiments of the present invention may uti-
`lize, for example, Bluetooth®, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, or other wire-
`less transmitters.
`
`In some embodiments, a housing is secured to and overlies
`the base so as to enclose and protect the speaker, optical
`emitter and optical detector, as well as other electronic com-
`ponents secured to the base (e.g., sensors, processor, trans-
`mitter etc.).
`The earbud housing is in acoustical connnunication with
`the speaker and has at least one aperture through which sound
`from the speaker can pass. The light-guiding cover surround-
`ing the earbud housing also includes at least one aperture
`through which sound from the speaker can pass. The cover
`may be formed from a soft, resilient material, such as silicone
`which deforms when inserted within an ear canal of a subject.
`In some embodiments, the cover includes an alignment mem-
`ber that facilitates alignment of the earbud housing