UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
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`APPLE INC.
`Petitioner
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`v.
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`UNILOC LUXEMBOURG S.A.
`Patent Owner
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`
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`Cases IPR2017-00220 and IPR2017-00221
`Patent 7,535,890
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`DECLARATION OF LEONARD J. FORYS, PH.D.
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`Mail Stop “PATENT BOARD”
`Patent Trial and Appeal Board
`U.S. Patent & Trademark Office
`P.O. Box 1450
`Alexandria, VA 22313-1450
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`Apple 1003
`U.S. Pat. 7,535,890
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`

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`IPR2017-00220 and IPR2017-00221
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,535,890
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`V. 
`
`Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 
`I. 
`Qualifications and Expertise ............................................................................ 4 
`II. 
`III.  Legal Understanding ...................................................................................... 12 
`A.  My Understanding of Claim Construction .......................................... 12 
`B. 
`A Person of Ordinary Skill in the Art ................................................. 12 
`C.  My Understanding of Obviousness ..................................................... 14 
`IV.  The ’890 Patent .............................................................................................. 19 
`A.  Overview ............................................................................................. 19 
`B. 
`Claims .................................................................................................. 20 
`1. 
`Independent Claims .................................................................. 20 
`2. 
`Dependent Claims ..................................................................... 22 
`Prosecution History ............................................................................. 23 
`C. 
`Claim Construction ........................................................................................ 24 
`A. 
`“External Network” ............................................................................. 24 
`VI.  Background of the Technologies Disclosed in the ’890 Patent .................... 26 
`A. 
`Storing-or-delivering an instant voice message based on
`recipient availability was well-known. ............................................... 27 
`Different types of networks were well-known. ................................... 29 
`B. 
`Distributed server architecture was well-known ................................. 31 
`C. 
`Packet-switched networks were well-known ...................................... 34 
`D. 
`Voice Messaging was well-known ...................................................... 35 
`E. 
`Short Message Service (SMS) was well-known ................................. 36 
`F. 
`G.  Voice over Packet Networks was well-known.................................... 39 
`VII.  Grounds of Unpatentability ........................................................................... 41 
`A.  Meaningful distinction between Vuori and Malik .............................. 43 
`VIII.  Ground 1: The Combination of Vuori and Väänänen Renders Obvious
`Claims 1-3, 5, 14, 15, 17, 19, 28, 29, 31, 33, 40, 42, 51, 53, 62, and
`64. .................................................................................................................. 44 
`A.  Overview of Vuori ............................................................................... 44 
`
`- i -
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`

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`B. 
`C. 
`D. 
`
`E. 
`
`F. 
`
`2. 
`3. 
`4. 
`5. 
`
`6. 
`7. 
`
`8. 
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`U.S. Pat. No. 7,535,890
`Overview of Väänänen ........................................................................ 46 
`Overview of the Vuori-Väänänen Combination ................................. 49 
`Independent Claim 1 ........................................................................... 51 
`1. 
`[1.P]: “An instant voice messaging system for delivering
`instant messages over a packet-switched network, the
`system comprising:” .................................................................. 51 
`[1.1a]: “a client connected to the network,” ............................. 53 
`[1.1b]: “the client selecting one or more recipients,” ............... 54 
`[1.1c]: “generating an instant voice message therefor,” ........... 54 
`[1.1d]: “and transmitting the selected recipients and the
`instant voice message therefor over the network;” ................... 55 
`[1.2a]: “and a server connected to the network,” ...................... 56 
`[1.2b]: “the server receiving the selected recipients and
`the instant voice message therefor,” ......................................... 56 
`[1.2c]: “and delivering the instant voice message to the
`selected recipients over the network,” ...................................... 57 
`[1.2d]: “the selected recipients enabled to audibly play
`the instant voice message,” ....................................................... 61 
`[1.2e]: “and the server temporarily storing the instant
`voice message if a selected recipient is unavailable and
`delivering the stored instant voice message to the
`selected recipient once the selected recipient becomes
`available.” ................................................................................. 62 
`Dependent Claims 2, 3, and 5 ............................................................. 63 
`1. 
`Dependent Claim 2: local network ........................................... 63 
`2. 
`Dependent Claim 3: Internet ..................................................... 67 
`3. 
`Dependent Claim 5: delivery to available recipient[s] ............. 67 
`Independent Claim 14 ......................................................................... 68 
`1. 
`Additional limitations in claim 14 ............................................ 70 
`[14.P]: a plurality of packet-switched networks ........... 70 
`(a) 
`[14.1a]: local network ..................................................... 70 
`(b) 
`
`9. 
`
`10. 
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`(c) 
`
`(e) 
`
`H. 
`
`(d) 
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`IPR2017-00220 and IPR2017-00221
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,535,890
`[14.1b]: external recipients connected to an
`external network ........................................................... 71 
`[14.1d]: transmission over the local network and
`the external network ..................................................... 71 
`[14.2a]: a server connected to the external
`network ........................................................................... 72 
`[14.2c]: delivery over the external network .................. 72 
`(f) 
`G.  Dependent claims 15, 17, and 19 ........................................................ 73 
`1. 
`Dependent Claim 15: local server ............................................. 73 
`2. 
`Dependent Claim 17: Internet ................................................... 75 
`3. 
`Dependent Claim 19: delivery to available recipient[s] ........... 75 
`Independent Claim 28 ......................................................................... 76 
`1. 
`Additional Limitations in Claim 28 .......................................... 78 
`[28.P]: a plurality of packet-switched networks ........... 78 
`(a) 
`[28.1a]: external network ............................................... 78 
`(b) 
`[28.1b]: recipients connected to a local network .......... 79 
`(c) 
`[28.1d]: transmission over the external network .......... 79 
`(d) 
`[28.2a], [28.2b]: external server system ....................... 79 
`(e) 
`[28.2c]: routing .............................................................. 80 
`(f) 
`[28.3a], [28.3b], [28.3e]: local server receiving
`(g) 
`and delivering the message ............................................. 80 
`Dependent Claim 29: external recipients .................................. 82 
`2. 
`Dependent Claim 31: Internet ................................................... 84 
`3. 
`Dependent Claim 33: delivery to available recipient[s] ........... 84 
`4. 
`Independent Claim 40 ......................................................................... 84 
`1. 
`Dependent Claim 42: delivery to available recipient[s] ........... 86 
`Independent Claim 51 ......................................................................... 86 
`1. 
`Dependent Claim 53: delivery to available recipient[s] ........... 88 
`Independent Claim 62 ......................................................................... 88 
`1. 
`Dependent Claim 64: delivery to available recipient[s] ........... 90 
`
`I. 
`
`J. 
`
`K. 
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`- iii -
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`

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`IPR2017-00220 and IPR2017-00221
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,535,890
`IX.  Ground 2: The Combination of Vuori, Väänänen, and Deshpande
`Renders Obvious Claims 4, 18, 32, 41, 52, 63. ............................................. 90 
`A.  Dependent claims 4, 18, 32, 41, 52, and 63: server providing a
`list of recipients for client selection. ................................................... 90 
`1. 
`Dependent Claim 4 ................................................................... 90 
`2. 
`Dependent Claim 18 ................................................................. 93 
`3. 
`Dependent Claim 32 ................................................................. 94 
`4. 
`Dependent Claim 41 ................................................................. 95 
`5. 
`Dependent Claim 52 ................................................................. 95 
`6. 
`Dependent Claim 63 ................................................................. 95 
`X.  Ground 3: The Combination of Vuori, Väänänen, and Abburi Renders
`Obvious Claims 6, 20, 34, 43, 54, and 65. .................................................... 96 
`A.  Dependent Claims 6, 20, 34, 43, 54, 65: audio file ............................. 96 
`1. 
`Claim 6 ...................................................................................... 96 
`2. 
`Claim 20 .................................................................................... 98 
`3. 
`Claim 34 .................................................................................... 98 
`4. 
`Claim 43 .................................................................................... 99 
`5. 
`Claim 54 .................................................................................... 99 
`6. 
`Claim 65 .................................................................................... 99 
`XI.  Ground 4: The Combination of Vuori, Väänänen, Abburi, and Daniell
`Renders Obvious Claim 68. .........................................................................100 
`A.  Dependent Claim 68: file attachment ................................................100 
`XII.  Ground 5: The Combination of Malik and Väänänen Renders Obvious
`Claims 1-3, 5, 14, 15, 17, 19, 28, 29, 31, 33, 40, 42, 51, 53, 62, and
`64. ................................................................................................................102 
`A.  Overview of Malik ............................................................................102 
`B. 
`Overview of the Malik-Väänänen Combination ...............................105 
`C. 
`Independent Claim 1 .........................................................................107 
`1. 
`[1.P]: “An instant voice messaging system for delivering
`instant messages over a packet-switched network, the
`system comprising:” ................................................................107 
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`- iv -
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`6. 
`7. 
`
`8. 
`
`9. 
`
`10. 
`
`E. 
`
`2. 
`3. 
`4. 
`5. 
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`IPR2017-00220 and IPR2017-00221
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,535,890
`[1.1a]: “a client connected to the network,” ...........................109 
`[1.1b]: “the client selecting one or more recipients,” .............109 
`[1.1c]: “generating an instant voice message therefor,” .........111 
`[1.1d]: “and transmitting the selected recipients and the
`instant voice message therefor over the network;” .................111 
`[1.2a]: “and a server connected to the network,” ....................113 
`[1.2b]: “the server receiving the selected recipients and
`the instant voice message therefor,” .......................................113 
`[1.2c]: “and delivering the instant voice message to the
`selected recipients over the network,” ....................................113 
`[1.2d]: “the selected recipients enabled to audibly play
`the instant voice message,” .....................................................114 
`[1.2e]: “and the server temporarily storing the instant
`voice message if a selected recipient is unavailable and
`delivering the stored instant voice message to the
`selected recipient once the selected recipient becomes
`available.” ...............................................................................114 
`D.  Dependent Claims 2, 3, and 5 ...........................................................116 
`1. 
`Dependent Claim 2: local network .........................................116 
`2. 
`Dependent Claim 3: Internet ...................................................117 
`3. 
`Dependent Claim 5: delivery to available recipient[s] ...........118 
`Independent Claim 14 .......................................................................118 
`1. 
`Additional limitations of claim 14 ..........................................119 
`[14.P]: a plurality of packet-switched networks .........119 
`(a) 
`[14.1a]: local network ...................................................120 
`(b) 
`(c) 
`[14.1b]: external recipients connected to an
`external network .........................................................120 
`[14.1d]: transmission over the local network and
`the external network ...................................................121 
`[14.2a]: a server connected to the external
`network .........................................................................122 
`[14.2c]: delivery over the external network ................122 
`
`(d) 
`
`(e) 
`
`(f) 
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`F. 
`
`H. 
`
`G. 
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`IPR2017-00220 and IPR2017-00221
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,535,890
`Dependent claims 15, 17, and 19 ......................................................122 
`1. 
`Dependent Claim 15: local server ...........................................122 
`2. 
`Dependent Claim 17: Internet .................................................125 
`3. 
`Dependent Claim 19: delivery to available recipient[s] .........125 
`Independent Claim 28 .......................................................................125 
`1. 
`Additional limitations in claim 28 ..........................................126 
`[28.P]: a plurality of packet-switched networks .........126 
`(a) 
`[28.1a]: external network .............................................127 
`(b) 
`[28.1b]: recipients connected to a local network ........127 
`(c) 
`[28.1d]: transmission over the external network ........127 
`(d) 
`[28.2a], [28.2b]: external server system .....................128 
`(e) 
`[28.2c]: routing ............................................................128 
`(f) 
`[28.3a], [28.3b], [28.3e]: local server receiving
`(g) 
`and delivering the message: ..........................................129 
`Dependent Claim 29: external recipients ................................131 
`2. 
`Dependent Claim 31: Internet .................................................132 
`3. 
`Dependent Claim 33: delivery to available recipient[s] .........133 
`4. 
`Independent Claim 40 .......................................................................133 
`1. 
`Dependent Claim 42: delivery to available recipient[s] .........134 
`Independent Claim 51 .......................................................................134 
`1. 
`Dependent Claim 53: delivery to available recipient[s] .........135 
`Independent Claim 62 .......................................................................136 
`1. 
`Dependent Claim 64: delivery to available recipient[s] .........136 
`XIII.  Ground 6: The Combination of Malik, Väänänen, and Deshpande
`Renders Obvious Claims 4, 18, 32, 41, 52, 63. ...........................................136 
`A.  Dependent claims 4, 18, 32, 41, 52, and 63: server providing a
`list of recipients for selection. ...........................................................136 
`1. 
`Dependent Claim 4 .................................................................136 
`2. 
`Dependent Claim 18 ...............................................................139 
`3. 
`Dependent Claim 32 ...............................................................140 
`
`I. 
`
`J. 
`
`- vi -
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`

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`IPR2017-00220 and IPR2017-00221
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,535,890
`Dependent Claim 41 ...............................................................141 
`4. 
`Dependent Claim 52 ...............................................................142 
`5. 
`Dependent Claim 63 ...............................................................142 
`6. 
`XIV.  Ground 7: The Combination of Malik, Väänänen, and Abburi Renders
`Obvious Claims 6, 20, 34, 43, 54, and 65. ..................................................142 
`A.  Dependent Claims 6, 20, 34, 43, 54, and 65: audio file ....................142 
`1. 
`Claim 6 ....................................................................................142 
`2. 
`Claim 20 ..................................................................................144 
`3. 
`Claim 34 ..................................................................................144 
`4. 
`Claim 43 ..................................................................................145 
`5. 
`Claim 54 ..................................................................................145 
`6. 
`Claim 65 ..................................................................................145 
`XV.  Ground 8: The Combination of Malik, Väänänen, Abburi, and Daniell
`Renders Obvious Claim 68. .........................................................................146 
`A.  Dependent Claim 68: file attachment ................................................146 
`XVI.  Conclusion ...................................................................................................148 
`
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`- vii -
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`

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`IPR2017-00220 and IPR2017-00221
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,535,890
`
`I.
`
`Introduction
`
`I, Dr. Leonard J. Forys, declare as follows:
`
`1.
`
`I have been retained as an expert witness by Sterne, Kessler,
`
`Goldstein & Fox PLLC to provide testimony on behalf of Apple, Inc. (“Apple” or
`
`“Petitioner”) for the above-captioned inter partes review proceeding. This
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`Declaration concerns technical subject matter relevant to the inter partes review
`
`petition (“Petition”) concerning U.S. Patent No. 7,535,890 (Ex. 1001, “the ’890
`
`Patent”) titled “System and method for instant VoIP messaging” by Michael J.
`
`Rojas. It is my understanding that ’890 Patent is currently assigned to Uniloc
`
`Luxembourg S.A.
`
`2.
`
`I am over 18 years of age. I have personal knowledge of the facts
`
`stated in this Declaration and would testify competently to them if asked to do so.
`
`3.
`
`I have reviewed and am familiar with the specification, claims, and
`
`prosecution history of the ’890 Patent. I will cite to the specification using the
`
`following format: (’890 Patent, 1:1-10). This example citation points to the ’890
`
`Patent specification at column 1, lines 1-10.
`
`4.
`
`In preparing this declaration, I have reviewed and am familiar with the
`
`following references:
`
`
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`IPR2017-00220 and IPR2017-00221
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,535,890
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`Description
`
`Rojas, U.S. Patent No. 7,535,890 (filed December 18, 2003, issued
`May 19, 2009)  
`
`File History for U.S. Patent No. 7,535,890
`
`Vuori, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0146097 (filed
`July 23, 2001, published October 10, 2002).
`
`Exhibit # 
`
`1001
`
`1002 
`
`1005
`
`1006 Wu et al., U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0023131
`(filed March 19, 2001, published February 21, 2002).
`
`1007 Malik, U.S. Patent No. 7,123,695 (filed August 19, 2002, issued
`October 17, 2006).
`
`1008
`
`1009
`
`1010
`
`1011
`
`1012
`
`1013
`
`1014
`
`1015
`
`1016
`
`1017
`
`Väänänen, WO Patent Publication No. 02/17658 (filed August 20,
`2001, published February 28, 2002).
`
`Deshpande, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0046273
`(filed August 28, 2001, published March 6, 2003).
`
`Daniell et al., U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0068545,
`(filed December 19, 2002, published April 8, 2004).
`
`Aoki et al., “The IMX Architecture Interoperability with America
`Online’s Instant Messaging Services,” June 15, 2000.
`
`Excerpts from Microsoft Computer Dictionary, 5th ed. (2002).
`Excerpt from Webster’s New World College Dictionary, 4th ed., New
`York: Macmillan, 1999.
`Staack et al., WO Patent Publication No. 02/07396 (filed July 13,
`2000, published January 24, 2002).
`Abburi, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0147512 (filed
`February 1, 2002, published August 7, 2003).
`Old Version of AOL Instant Messenger 2.1 Download, retrieved from
`http://www.oldapps.com/aim.php?old_aim=4#screenshots.
`Clarke et al., Experiments with packet switching of voice traffic, IEE
`Proceedings G - Electronic Circuits and Systems , V.130, N.4 , pp.
`105-113 (August 1983).
`
`- 2 -
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`

`
`Exhibit # 
`
`Description
`
`IPR2017-00220 and IPR2017-00221
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,535,890
`
`1018
`
`1019
`
`1020
`
`1021
`
`1022
`
`1023
`
`Sharma, VoP (voice over packet), IEEE Potentials, V. 21, N. 4,
`October/November 2002, pp. 14-17.
`Schuh et al., WO Patent Publication No. 2003/024027 (filed August
`21, 2002, published March 20, 2003).
`Lotito et al., U.S. Patent No. 4,625,081 (filed November 30, 1982,
`issued November 25, 1986).
`Pershan, U.S. Patent No. 5,260,986 (filed April 23, 1991, issued
`November 9, 1993).
`Hogan et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,619,554 (filed June 8, 1994, issued
`April 8, 1997).
`International Telecommunication Union, General Aspects of Digital
`Transmission Systems, Terminal Equipments, Pulse Code Modulation
`(PCM) of Voice Frequencies, ITU-T Recommendation G.711., pp. 1-
`10 (ITU 1993).
`Oouchi et al., Study on Appropriate Voice Data Length of IP Packets
`for VoIP Network Adjustment, Proceedings of the IEEE Global
`Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM) 2002, V. 2, Taipei,
`Taiwan, 2002, pp. 1618–1622.
`Locascio, U.S. Patent No. 6,603,757 (filed April 14, 1999, issued
`August 5, 2003).
`Peersman et al., The Global System for Mobile Communications
`Short Message Service, IEEE Personal Communications (June 2000).
`SMPP v3.4 Protocol Implementation guide for GSM / UMTS (May
`30, 2002).
`1028 Webster’s New World Dictionary and Thesaurus, 2nd ed. (2002).
`
`
`1024
`
`1025
`
`1026
`
`1027
`
`5.
`
`To the best of my knowledge, the above Exhibits are true and accurate
`
`copies of what they purport to be. An expert in the field would reasonably rely on
`
`them to formulate opinions such as those set forth in this declaration.
`
`6.
`
`The ’890 Patent describes “an instant voice messaging system (and
`
`method) for delivering instant messages over a packet-switched network.” (’890
`
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`IPR2017-00220 and IPR2017-00221
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,535,890
`Patent, Abstract.) I am familiar with the technology described in the ’890 Patent as
`
`of its December 18, 2003 earliest possible priority date.
`
`7.
`
`I have been asked to provide my technical review, analysis, insights,
`
`and opinions regarding the ’890 Patent and the references that form the basis for
`
`the grounds of rejection set forth in the Petition for Inter Partes Review of the ’890
`
`Patent.
`
`II. Qualifications and Expertise
`
`8.
`
`I have nearly 50 years of experience in the telecommunications
`
`industry working for corporations including AT&T Bell Telephone Laboratories
`
`for almost two decades and Bellcore (formerly Bell Communications Research),
`
`the research and development organization for the Bell Operating Companies (e.g.,
`
`Bell Atlantic, Southwestern Bell, US West, etc.), for over a decade. As detailed
`
`below, I have worked on many projects and technologies highly relevant to the
`
`subject matter of the ’890 Patent.
`
`9. My academic background in electrical engineering and computer
`
`science provides a technical foundation for work in telephone communications and
`
`packet-based communication networks. I received a Bachelor of Science Degree in
`
`Electrical Engineering from the University of Notre Dame in 1963. I received both
`
`a Science Master in Electrical Engineering and the degree of Electrical Engineer
`
`from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1965. I received the degree of
`
`- 4 -
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`IPR2017-00220 and IPR2017-00221
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,535,890
`Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from the
`
`University of California at Berkeley in 1968.
`
`10. While at Berkeley, I was an Assistant Professor of Electrical
`
`Engineering and Computer Science, teaching courses in network theory, systems
`
`theory and communications theory, performing research in communications
`
`systems and serving as faculty advisor to 20 undergraduates.
`
`11. From 1968 to 1973, I was a member of the technical staff at Bell
`
`Telephone Laboratories (known commonly as Bell Labs). I engaged in various
`
`research activities involving network engineering and performance management in
`
`telephone networks. I taught several in-house courses in performance analysis and
`
`traffic engineering in telephone networks.
`
`12. From 1973 to 1984, I was Technical Supervisor at Bell Telephone
`
`Laboratories, heading a group of technical experts, primarily Ph.D.’s. I was
`
`responsible for performance management/analysis and development of traffic
`
`engineering algorithms for various telecommunications networks and their
`
`components, primarily processor based voice switches, automatic call distributors,
`
`and Private Branch Exchanges (“PBXs”). As part of this effort, I successfully
`
`rescheduled the processor tasks in several of these systems to increase their
`
`capacity and improve their performance. My department did the original traffic
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`engineering work for the Advanced Mobile Phone System, AMPS, which was the
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`IPR2017-00220 and IPR2017-00221
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,535,890
`predominant mobile service in North America in the 1980s. I provided
`
`management reviews for this work. I also was responsible for all of the call center
`
`staffing algorithms for the Bell System and for the engineering of the network
`
`elements used for call centers such as the TSPS (Traffic Service Position System),
`
`Rockwell ACDs, and the #5 CrossBar ACD. ACDs are Automatic Call
`
`Distributors, special purpose switches used to provide call center functionality.
`
`13. From 1984 to 1994, I was District Manager for Bell Communications
`
`Research (“Bellcore”), heading a group of 7 to 15 technical experts, primarily
`
`Ph.D.’s. I was responsible for the specification and testing of a variety of voice
`
`network components. This work included writing sections of the requirements used
`
`by the Bell Operating Companies to buy network components in their networks. I
`
`also tested the compliance (to the requirements) of several voice switches made by
`
`various companies, e.g., Nortel, Lucent, Ericsson, Fujitsu, NET, and Siemens. The
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`testing involved various billing options and their impact on switch performance.
`
`14. During this time period, I further consulted on the engineering and
`
`performance of various supplemental telephonic services such as Voice Mail
`
`systems, including those manufactured by Boston Technologies, Unisys, and
`
`Digital Sound Corporation, as well as supporting equipment such as SMDI
`
`(Simplified Message Display Interface) links. Also during this time period, I
`
`headed a group doing architectural and performance studies of Personal Cellular
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`U.S. Pat. No. 7,535,890
`Service, PCS. This work was done on behalf of the Regional Bell Operating
`
`Companies, the RBOCs. I was asked to chair a session on traffic performance of
`
`PCS at an international symposium. The PCS technologies I researched included
`
`SMS capabilities. I also participated and contributed to various national and
`
`international voice and data standards organizations.
`
`15. During this period, I continued my involvement with call center
`
`technology. In particular, I was responsible for the engineering of all call centers
`
`for the Bell Operating Companies. This included analyzing specific network
`
`elements such as Nortel’s TOPS (Traffic Operator Position System) and MPP
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`(Multi-Purpose Position) systems and AT&T’s No. 5 OSPS (Operator Services
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`Position Station).
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`16. Another of my responsibilities while at Bellcore was analyzing and
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`providing engineering algorithms for data network components used by the Bell
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`Operating Companies. As part of this endeavor, I was a leader in developing novel
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`traffic engineering methods for Internet data networks and other high speed data
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`networks such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Frame Relay. This
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`included characterizing Internet traffic and developing loading guidelines for
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`network components including routers and switches. I also worked on some of the
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`earliest deployed packet-based networks, some of which included voice over
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`packet technologies.
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`

`
`IPR2017-00220 and IPR2017-00221
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,535,890
`I was Bellcore’s prime technical leader for determining root causes of,
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`17.
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`and proposed solutions for, several Signaling System No. 7 (“SS7”) data network
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`outages, including the famous 1990 AT&T nationwide outage, as well as the 1991
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`Washington, D.C., Pittsburgh, and Los Angeles outages. SS7 is also the protocol
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`used to transport SMS messages in mobile networks. I was responsible for writing
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`new sets of requirements for SS7 networks and was involved in a large scale
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`testing and analysis program for a wide variety of SS7 network components.
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`18.
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`I was named a Bellcore Fellow in 1992 – only the fifth person to
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`receive such an award.
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`19. From 1994 to 1995, I was a Chief Scientist at Bellcore, overseeing the
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`technical work of 50 technical experts, many of whom had Ph.D.’s. I was involved
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`in the teaching of teletraffic engineering and performance management to various
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`bodies, including the Federal Communications Commission, which included
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`various aspects of both voice and data networks, including voice mail systems. I
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`served as a “trouble shooter,” responsible for identifying root causes for diverse
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`network problems involving a variety of technologies including both high speed
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`data networks as well as telephone networks. I analyzed the potential impact of
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`earthquakes and other natural disasters on
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`telecommunications network
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`performance. The National Science Foundation sponsored me to be the sole U.S.
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`- 8 -
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`

`
`IPR2017-00220 and IPR2017-00221
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,535,890
`telecommunications industry representative at the First International Joint U.S.-
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`Japan Earthquake Symposium in 1993.
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`20. Since 1995, I have been President of my own company, The Forys
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`Consulting Group, Inc., providing consulting in voice and data communications
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`services including mobile telephony. Relevant to the subject matter of this case, I
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`analyzed the performance of AT&T’s wireless (mobile) network which provided
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`both voice and data services to interstate transport haulers, e.g., Highway Master.
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`This was in support of a legal case brought about by Highway Master after AT&T
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`canceled their contract. Highway Master charged that AT&T service was
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`substandard. I also used HP’s SS7 network monitoring capabilities to analyze
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`Internet traffic patterns in a large metro area. As part of a team of international
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`experts, I investigated a wide range of issues involving the introduction of a new
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`line of vendor products in a foreign national network. In 1996 I experimented with
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`some of the first commercial VoIP systems, including a 1996 version of Vocaltec’s
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`Internet Phone.
`
`21. As a consultant to a large telephone company, I advised them on
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`quality of service issues in providing voice over ATM (with and without IP), Voice
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`over IP, Internet and Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) networks, which are
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`used extensively in VoIP. I further analyzed various supplier components for
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`providing hybrid fiber coax access in cable networks. I consulted with a large
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`- 9 -
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`

`
`IPR2017-00220 and IPR2017-00221
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,535,890
`company on the economic and technical problems associated with providing voice
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`and data communications over a foreign cable network.
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`22. During this period, I also performed extensive consulting for various
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`data communications systems, including Internet access using satellite systems
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`with LAN-in-the-sky technologies for airplanes. I analyzed the performance,
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`provided traffic inputs and helped specify traffic network management/congestion
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`controls for three satellite data communications systems capable of handling both
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`packetized voice as well as Internet traffic.
`
`23.
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`In the period between 1995–2001 I worked as a consultant (and was
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`part owner) to GLADSIS. GLADSIS provided software for servers that controlled
`
`s