Schuyler Quackenbush, PhD
`
`Audio Research Labs
`336 Park Avenue, Suite 200
`Scotch Plains, NJ 07090
`Office: +1 908 490 0700
`Cell: +1 908 612 9423
`Email: srq@audioresearchlabs.com
`Web: www.audioresearchlabs.com
`
`
`Summary:
`• Over 30 years of academic and professional experience in speech and audio signal
`processing, speech and audio signal compression technology, standards for speech and
`audio compression, and software implementation on real-time platforms and in
`client/server architectures.
`• Chairman, MPEG Audio Subgroup, ISO/IEC Standards Organization
`• Member of Technical Staff at Bell Laboratories for 16 years.
`• Founder of two start-ups: Audio Research Labs and Lightspeed Audio Labs
`• Holder of 24 Patents
`• Experienced patent litigation expert witness
`
`
`Areas of Expertise:
`• Speech and audio digital signal processing (DSP)
`• Speech and audio signal compression
`• Speech and audio compression standards: MPEG MP3, MPEG AAC, MPEG HE-AAC,
`MPEG Surround, MPEG Spatial Audio Object Coding (SAOC), MPEG Unified Speech
`and Audio Coding (USAC); 3GPP aacPlus, Enhanced aacPlus, AMR, AMR-WB, AMR-
`WB+; ETSI GSM.
`• Measurement of speech and audio signal quality: Mean Opinion Scores, ITU-T and ITU-
`R quality standards.
`• Operating Systems: Linux, MS Windows (hardware drivers and GUI)
`• Programming Languages: C and C++, Matlab, shell, various assembly languages
`• Web Languages: HTML, PHP, MySQL
`
`
`Education:
`1985
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`1980
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`1975
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`Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering; Thesis: “Objective Measures of Speech Quality”
`Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
`MS in Electrical Engineering; specializing in Signal Processing
`Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
`BSE in Electrical Engineering, with honors
`Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
`
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`Professional Experience:
`2002 – Present Founder and CEO
`Audio Research Labs, LLC
`336 Park Avenue, Scotch Plains, NJ, 07090
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`RPX Exhibit 1003
`RPX v. DAE
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`(908) 490-0700
`www.audioresearchlabs.com
`
` I
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` am the principal consultant at Audio Research Labs (ARL), which is a media
`technology consulting company. While at ARL, I have done patent expert
`witness work, patent litigation support, patent valuation, engineering consulting,
`and participated in standardization activities. ARL has developed and is selling
`products for subjective audio evaluation and for multi-channel audio mixing.
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`2013 – Present Adjunct Professor
`New York University Steinhardt School
`New York, NY
`I teach the graduate-level course GE-2632 “Introduction to Perceptual Audio
`Coding.” The course gives an introduction to the elements from which digital
`audio codecs are built: the human auditory system, hearing acuity, modeling of
`noise masking in human hearing & sound localization in space; filter banks,
`transforms, predictors, quantization & coding. These principles are illustrated via
`an investigation of several MPEG audio coding architectures: MPEG-1 Layer III
`(MP3), MPEG-4 Advanced Audio Coding (AAC), MPEG-4 High-Efficiency
`Advanced Audio Coding (HE-AAC), MPEG Surround, and MPEG Unified
`Speech & Audio Coding (USAC).
`
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`1998 – Present Chair, MPEG Audio Subgroup
`ISO/IEC Standards Organization
`Geneva, Switzerland
`
`As Chair of the International Standards Organization, Moving Picture Experts
`Group (ISO/MPEG) Audio subgroup, I am responsible for recommending areas
`for possible standardization, setting and executing the agenda for current work
`and developing a vision for future work. The Audio subgroup consists of
`approximately 50 audio experts, and my responsibilities include delegating tasks
`to and managing task completion by the group, forging consensus on group
`decisions, and reporting on the group’s work in the MPEG plenary sessions.
`Notable accomplishments of the group during my tenure were standardizing the
`following technology
`• High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding (HE-AAC)
`• Enhanced Low Delay Advanced Audio Coding (AAC-ELD)
`• MPEG Surround
`• Spatial Audio Object Coding (SAOC)
`• Unified Speech and Audio Coding (USAC)
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`2006 – 2009
`
`Founder and VP of Audio Technology
`Lightspeed Audio Labs, Inc.
`106 Apple Street, Suite 221, Tinton Falls, NJ 07724
`(732) 450-1444
`
`Lightspeed Audio Labs is about changing the way people create, listen, and share
`audio content on and over the Internet. Its technology platform provides a virtual
`studio and venue for musicians, jammers, and fans alike to participate in the
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`music making process, in which unique musical content is shared with others in
`real-time.
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` I
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` was responsible for designing, developing, and testing all aspects of the
`Lightspeed client/server architecture for real-time audio streaming, recording,
`mixing and playback. High-bandwidth servers at three geographic locations
`provided more than 250 simultaneous virtual “jam rooms” in which “jammers”
`could collaborate with other musicians in the virtual room via low-latency
`streaming audio links (with less than 50 ms round-trip latency). Any given “jam
`session” could be streamed live to as many as 1500 listeners. Audio jam
`“archives” could be edited into songs that could be downloaded or posted on a
`user’s home page. One part of the client user interface was a web browser with
`pages coded with HTML and PHP languages and using a MSQL database for
`user state information. A second part of the user interface was a helper
`application that connected to an streaming audio application server and used
`UDP for robust real-time performance.
`
`2000 – 2002 Acting Supervisor
`Speech and Audio Coding Group
`AT&T Laboratories
`180 Park Avenue, Florham Park, NJ
`
` I
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`1996 – 2000
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` supervised technical staff in the Speech and Audio Coding Department.
`Responsibilities included: mentoring technical staff, setting research goals,
`conducting performance evaluation reviews and reporting evaluations to
`management.
`
`In addition to supervisory responsibilities, I continued the research work
`discussed under the AT&T Bell Laboratories heading, immediately below.
`
`Principal Technical Staff Member
`Speech and Audio Research Department
`AT&T Laboratories
`180 Park Avenue, Florham Park, NJ
`
`My responsibilities at AT&T Laboratories continued un-interrupted from those at
`AT&T Bell Laboratories, hence they are discussed under the AT&T Bell
`Laboratories heading, immediately below.
`
`1986 – 1996 Member of Technical Staff
`Signal Processing Research Department
`AT&T Bell Laboratories
`550 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, NJ
`
`At Bell Labs (and subsequently at AT&T Labs) I was an expert in audio coding
`and real-time signal processing, and I developed a considerable expertise in
`speech and image signal processing and system engineering. I gained a wealth of
`experience in managing groups of technical experts, in the context of the
`International Standards Organization (ISO) and related industrial groups.
`
`My principal research projects and responsibilities were:
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`Chair, MPEG 4 Audio Patent Holders Group
`I organized the first meeting of the MPEG 4 Audio Patent Holders Group and
`was appointed chair by the group members. My responsibilities were to organize
`meetings, set agendas responsive to the group’s needs, and ensure that work
`delegated to members was completed on schedule.
`
`Chair, MPEG 4 Industry Forum (M4IF) Audio Patent Licensing Group
`As chair of this group, I was responsible for formulating a process for identifying
`the essential patents for practice of the audio portion of the MPEG-4 standard.
`This task involved identifying expert legal councel, identifying expert technical
`consultants, and gaining consensus for my plan amongst the prospective patent-
`holding companies.
`
`Error mitigation for streaming audio signals on 3G Cellular and IP channels
`I developed algorithms and corresponding real-time implementations for a novel
`method of mitigating errors in an MPEG-2 Advanced Audio Coding (AAC)
`compressed data stream. Subjective quality assessments indicate that this method
`is always preferred to strategies such as mute or repeat, and in special cases is
`indistinguishable from the clear channel signal.
`
`AT&T’s “A2B” music over the Internet initiative
`I was responsible for transferring the AAC technology to AT&T’s business of
`secure sales of music over the Internet. This involved the legal and business
`aspects of patent licensing and the engineering aspects of bitstream packetization
`and encryption in a system using compressed rates of 16 kbps for music preview
`and 96 kbps for music sales.
`
`MPEG-2 Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) International Standard
`I was AT&T’s principal delegate to the MPEG audio subgroup and was
`responsible for coordinating the activities of myself and two other audio coding
`researchers who contributed to the AAC standard. Our team had to work closely
`with international audio experts to meet the monthly or even weekly milestones
`as part of the very aggressive MPEG schedule over the course of the 26-month
`work plan. Due largely to my efforts, AAC contains virtually all of AT&T’s
`audio coding technology, which in large part enabled it to achieve transparent
`coding of 5-channel audio at 64 kbps/channel. I wrote a significant portion of the
`software for the AAC encoder and virtually all of the decoder.
`
`US Digital Audio Broadcast standard
`AT&T participated in a US standardization effort for digital audio broadcast,
`sponsored by the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) and the
`Electronics Industry Association (EIA). I was responsible for all aspects of the
`design of the audio encoder and decoder: system engineering, including timing,
`clock recovery and error robustness; hardware design, including processor
`specification and custom interface circuits; and software design, including real-
`time performance. In this effort I led a team of four engineers over a period of 18
`months. The resulting real-time audio encoder and decoder achieved compact-
`disk quality at a channel bit rate of 160 kbps. The entire DAB system had
`numerous successful trials broadcasting in the FM band.
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`Streaming media
`I developed and implemented a client/server music player using the AT&T audio
`technology. This used an OpenGL graphical user interface and UNIX socket-
`based client/server communication. I developed and implemented a streaming
`client/server architecture for audio and image data that communicated via ISDN.
`
`Reducing various algorithms to practice
`I designed and/or refined algorithms, wrote the software and built the hardware
`for several prototype image, speech, and audio codecs based on DSP chips.
`These include a wide-band 16 kbps speech coder, a high-quality still image coder
`and AT&T’s first 128 kbps stereo audio coder.
`
`
`1978 – 1979 Hardware Design Engineer
`Diagnostic/Retrieval Systems, Inc.
`Oakdale, NJ
`I was a member of a team that designed and built a ship-based SONAR system.
`My responsibility was analog signal input, A/D conversion and band-pass
`filtering of the signal prior to signal frequency content analysis.
`
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`1975 – 1978 Test Engineer
`Loral Electronics
`Yonkers, NJ
`I was a member of a team that designed and built an aircraft-based RADAR
`jamming system. My responsibilities were to design and build custom test
`equipment to exercise and ensure the correct operation of aspects of the overall
`system.
`
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`Professional Memberships:
`Audio Engineering Society (AES)
`1997-2006
`Member,
`2006-Present Fellow
`International Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
`1979-2001
`Member,
`2001-Present Senior Member
`
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`Programming Skills:
`• Operating systems: Unix, MS Windows. Have written hardware drivers and GUI for each.
`• Programming languages: C and C++, Matlab, shell, awk, various DSP assembly languages.
`• Web languages: PHP, MySql
`
`Publications:
`Journal Papers
`1. Quackenbush, S. and Herre, J., “MPEG Surround,” IEEE Multimedia Magazine, vol. 12,
`issue 4, Oct.-Dec. 2005, pp.18-23.
`2. Quackenbush, S. and Lindsay, A. “Overview of MPEG-7 Audio,” IEEE Transactions on
`Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, pp. 725-9, vol. 11, no. 6, June 2001.
`3. M. Bosi, K. Brandenburg, S. Quackenbush, L. Fielder, K. Akagiri, H. Fuchs, M. Diets, J.
`Herre, G. Davidson and Y. Oikawa, “ISO/IEC MPEG-2 Advanced Audio Coding,” Journal of
`the Audio Engineering Society, 45-10, Oct. 1997, pp. 789-814.
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`4. Synder, J. H., Quackenbush, S. R., Melchner, M. J and Kapilow, D. A., “Tools for real-time
`signal-processing research,” IEEE Comm. Mag., vol. 31, no. 11, Nov. 1993, pp. 64-74.
`5. Cox, R. V., Gay, S. L., Seshadri, N., Shoham, Y., Quackenbush, S. and Jayant, N. S., “New
`directions in sub-band coding,” IEEE Jour. Selected Areas in Communications, Special Issue
`on Voice Coding for Communications, vol. 6, no. 2, Feb. 1988, pp. 391-409.
`
`
`Books, Book Chapters, and International Standards
`1. Quackenbush, S., “Chapter 7: MPEG Audio Compression Advances,” “Chapter 8: MPEG
`Audio Compression Future,” and Baroncini, V. and Quackenbush, S., “Chapter 13: MPEG
`Video/Audio Quality Evaluation,” all in The MPEG Representation of Digital Media,
`Chiariglione, L. (Ed.), Springer, New York, 2012.
`2. Quackenbush, S. R. and Noll, P., “Part 1 Chapter 1, MPEG Digital Audio Coding Standards,”
`in The Digital Signal Processing Handbook, 2nd Edition, Madisetti, V. K. (Ed.), CRC Press,
`Boca Raton, FL, 2010.
`3. Sinha, D., Johnston, J. D., Dorward, S. and Quackenbush, S. R., “The perceptual audio coder
`(PAC)” in The Digital Signal Processing Handbook, 2nd Edition, Madisetti, V. K. (Ed.), CRC
`Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2010.
`4. Quackenbush, S. R. and Wylie, F., “Digital Audio Compression Technologies” in National
`Association of Broadcasters Engineering Handbook, 10th Edition, Williams, E. A. (Ed.),
`Focal Press, Burlington, MA, 2007.
`5. Johnston, J. D., Quackenbush, S., Herre, J. and Grill, B, “Review of MPEG-4 General Audio
`Coding,” in Multimedia Systems, Standards, and Networks, Puri, A. and Chen, T. (Ed),
`Marcel Dekker, New York, 2000.
`6. Johnston, J. D., Quackenbush, S., Davidson, G., Brandenburg, K. and Herre, J., “MPEG
`Audio Coding,” in Wavelet, Subband and Block Transforms in Communications and
`Multimedia, Akansu, A. N.and Medley, M. J. (Ed.), Kluwer, Dortrecht, The Netherlands,
`1999.
`7. Sinha, D., Johnston, J. D., Dorward, S. and Quackenbush, S. R., “The perceptual audio coder
`(PAC)” in The Digital Signal Processing Handbook, Madisetti, V. K. and Douglas, B. W.
`(Ed.), CRC Press, IEEE Press, 1998, pp. 42-1 to 42-18, Chapter 42.
`8. Herre, J., Johnston, J. D., Brandenburg, K., Quackenbush, S. et al., “Generic coding of
`moving pictures and associated audio: Advanced Audio Coding,” ISO/IEC
`JTC1/SC29/WG11 MPEG International Standard ISO 13818-7, 1997.
`9. Johnston, J. D., Sinha, D., Dorward, S. and Quackenbush, S., “AT&T perceptual audio coder
`(PAC)” in Collected Papers on Digital Audio Bit-Rate Reduction, Gilchrist, N. and Grewin,
`C. (Ed.), Audio Engineering Society, 1996.
`10. Quackenbush, S. R., Barnwell, T. P. III and Clements, M. A., Objective Measures of Speech
`Quality, Prentice-Hall, New York, NY, 1988.
`
`
`Conference Papers
`1. M. Neuendorf, et al., “MPEG Unified Speech and Audio Coding – The ISO/MPEG Standard
`for High-Efficiency Audio Coding of all Content Types,” AES 131st Convention, Apr. 26-29,
`2012, Budapest, Hungary.
`2. Quackenbush, S. and Lefebvre, R., “Performance of MPEG Unified Speech and Audio
`Coding,” AES 131st Convention, Oct. 20-23, New York, USA.
`3. Quackenbush, S. “MPEG Unified Speech and Audio Coding,” AES 43rd Conference on
`Audio for Wirelessly Networked Personal Devices, POSCO International Center, Pohang
`University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Sept. 29 – Oct. 1, 2011, Pohang,
`Republic of Korea.
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`4. Quackenbush, S. and Gross, A., “Analysis of Subjective Data from the MPEG Unified
`Speech and Audio Coding Call for Proposals,” AES 38th International Conference on Sound
`Quality Evaluation, June 13-15, 2010, Pitea, Sweden.
`5. Quackenbush, S.R and Driessen, P.F., “Error Mitigation in MPEG-4 Audio Packet
`Communication Systems,” 115th AES Convention, Sept. 2003, Preprint 5981.
`6. Kuo, S., Johnston, J. D., Turin, W. and Quackenbush, S.R.; “Covert audio watermarking
`using perceptually tuned signal independent multiband phase modulation,” IEEE 2002
`International Conf. Acoustics, Speech and Signal Proc. (ICASSP '02), vol. 2, pp. 1753-6.
`7. Lacy, J., Quackenbush, S. R., Reibman and Snyder, J. H., “Intellectual property protection
`systems and digital watermarking,” Optics Express, Vol. 3. No. 12, Dec. 1998, pp. 478-84.
`8. Lacy, J., Quackenbush, S. R., Reibman, A. R., Shur, D. and Snyder, J. H., “On combining
`watermarking with perceptual coding,” IEEE International Conf. Acoustics, Speech and
`Signal Proc. (ICASSP ‘98), Seattle, WA., May 1998.
`9. Quackenbush, S. R., “Coding of Natural Audio in MPEG-4,” IEEE International Conf.
`Acoustics, Speech and Signal Proc. (ICASSP 98), Seattle, Wash., May 1998.
`10. Quackenbush, S.R. and Johnston, J.D., “Noiseless coding of quantized spectral components
`in MPEG-2 Advanced Audio Coding,” IEEE 1997 Workshop Applications of Signal
`Processing to Audio and Acoustics, Oct. 19-22, 1997.
`11. M. Bosi, K. Brandenburg, S. Quackenbush, L. Fielder, K. Akagiri, H. Fuchs, M. Diets, J.
`Herre, G. Davidson and Y. Oikawa, “ISO/IEC MPEG-2 Advanced Audio Coding,” 101st
`Convention of the Audio Engineering Society, Oct. 1996, Preprint 4382.
`12. Quackenbush, S. R. and Parikh, V. N., “Using C++ for real-time signal processing,” Proc.
`1995 IEEE ICSPAT, Boston, Oct. 1995.
`13. Quackenbush, S. R., “A CD-quality audio and color still image multi-media platform using
`the DSP32C,” Proc. IEEE Workshop Audio & Acoustics, Oct. 1991, Mohonk House.
`14. Quackenbush, S. R., “A 7kHz bandwidth 32 kpbs speech coder for ISDN,” Proc. 1991
`ICASSP '91, Toronto, Canada, May 1991.
`15. Quackenbush, S. R., “Hardware implementation of a color image decoder for remote
`database access,” Proc. ICASSP '90, Albuquerque, NM, Apr. 1990, pp. 985-8.
`16. Quackenbush, S. R., Ordentlich, E. and Snyder, J., “Hardware implementation of a 128 kbps
`monophonic audio coder,” 1989 IEEE ASSP Workshop on Appl. Sig. Proc. Audio & Acoust.,
`New Paltz, NY, Oct. 1989.
`17. Quackenbush, S. R., “Hardware implementation of a 16 kbps subband coder using vector
`quantization,” Proc. IEEE ICASSP, New York, NY, Apr 1988, pp. 386-9.
`18. Barnwell, T.P. III, Quackenbush, S. R., “An analysis of objectively computable measures for
`speech quality testing,” 1982 IEEE ICASSP, vol. 7, May 1982, pp. 996-9.
`19. Quackenbush, S. R., Barnwell, T.P. III, “The estimation and evaluation of pointwise
`nonlinearities for improving the performance of objective speech quality measures,” 1983
`IEEE ICASSP, vol. 8, Apr. 1983, pp. 547-50.
`
`
`Patents:
`1.
`9,160,495, System and methods for transmitting data
`2.
`8,428,185, System and methods for transmitting data
`3.
`8,095,794, System and method of watermarking a signal
`4.
`8,041,038, System and method for decompressing and making publically available
`received media content
`7,802,101, System and method of retrieving a watermark within a signal
`7,725,808, System and method for representing compressed information
`7,529,941, System and method of retrieving a watermark within a signal
`
`5.
`6.
`7.
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`8.
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`7,492,902, Custom character-coding compression for encoding and watermarking
`media content
`9.
`7,451,319, System and method of watermarking a signal
`10. 7,353,447, System and method for representing compressed information
`11. 7,146,503, System and method of watermarking signal
`12. 7,131,007, System and method of retrieving a watermark within a signal
`13. 7,076,426, Advance TTS for facial animation
`14. 7,042,933, System and methods for transmitting data
`15. 6,885,749, Scrambling a compression-coded signal
`16. 6,850,559, System and methods for transmitting data
`17. 6,760,443, Custom character-coding compression for encoding and watermarking
`media content
`18. 6,718,507, System and method for representing compressed information
`19. 6,704,576, Method and system for communicating multimedia content in a unicast,
`multicast, simulcast or broadcast environment
`20. 6,493,457, Electronic watermarking in the compressed domain utilizing perceptual
`coding
`21. 6,341,165, Coding and decoding of audio signals by using intensity stereo and
`prediction processes
`22. 6,266,419, Custom character-coding compression for encoding and watermarking
`media content
`23. 5,825,976, Device and method for efficient utilization of allocated transmission
`medium bandwidth
`24. 5,463,641, Tailored error protection
`25. Canadian Patent 2,260,222, Coding and Decoding of Audio Signals by Using Intensity
`Stereo and Prediction
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`Quackenbush CV
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`November, 2015