SAMSUNG 1033-0001
`
`

`
`3GEVOLUTION:HSPAANDLTBFORMOBILEBROADBAND
`
`I ‘
`
`I
`
`
`
`SAM SU NG 1033-0002
`
`SAMSUNG 1033-0002
`
`

`
`3G Evolution
`
`HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband
`
`Second edition
`
`Erik Dahlman. Stefan Parkvall. Johan Skiild and Pet Bcming
`
`-:-—.-v—,»——a-.-«ecu.-.c-—«:-a-u-..sv-._
`
`
`
`AMS'l'llDAM'BO&‘IU(¢ flEfil.II'.'RO-LONDON‘ NIWYORKNIJOURD
`EARLS-SAN Ufl‘SANFIANClK.O‘SNUA|'0RB-SYDIGY-1DKYO
`
`EISBVIER
`
`Aaaaicflmllunlqxtnlofakwlu
`
`SAM SU NG 1033-0003
`
`SAMSUNG 1033-0003
`
`

`
`Aqldanichesthuhprimafauwier
`LhuueHuune,.lcmmfllll.0xloId,0x28DP
`30CotponIel)rive.BItlin;1on.MA01K)3
`1'|mediIioI12IU7
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`CopyIi$ItG2|I)8.EikDahm:u;SndunPadrvdLJdnl|SH)flmdPerB¢nIh1g.
`PubI1shedbyB.sev1crlM. Aurlmmuved
`ThaxightofB1ikN:lmm.SInfnnPurknfl.Johu1S1:flldandPe¢Beminzlbhe
`ldaadfieauunuthouofflxiswodthlshaenauatudinucuudnmewithlln
`Copyright. Dadgnsantl Palnnn M21988
`Noputoflluin pflalinntiou mayborvyxuducld. mud in alufieval memo:
`wuuminadinuIyfonnmbynnyrn:an5dedmn1c,mAchInicI,p1moeopyiIg.
`Iecotdlagoromuwln winnnuhnpriorwniuenpemiuionoflhcpuhlflncu
`ParmluimmqyhcIou[hldIncIIyfi'omEswiat‘:Scinou&1‘e=hnohgBigln
`Dqurmmtlnoxlttd. UK: ohm: (+44) (0) 1365 masmru (+44) (0) 1365 853333;
`email:
`Alma:-nnivety you can submit you racpstnnlinaby
`visitingttnilnaviarwdasiteatmJMw g mdsduaing
`wldnlugpmul-lonbouu Eluviarnaturial
`Notlec
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`orpmpenynsnnmerofpnodnxwfiab1Ety.1c;flgneauothuwin.ocfiomnnyuu
`_oIopenflonofanyme¢1odgpmdum.in:unm1m:uIdaoconuha1hthemnuin1 hen-.in
`Brllkhblbliryfilllnuulnnhlilollafionbala
`3OevulIllinl:HSPAIndIJ'EfowlIIrIIile17nndhtnd.—2nded.
`1.Bmulu|denmm:nicanuuy:Iem-Smudards 1 Mobilcoommunicnflm
`xyweum-Standards
`3. Cellularlzlqinnnasywems-Stnntlurck
`L Dnl-n1man,Eri.|:
`62158546
`
`Lilnnry 0fCwfl$ Ccllkd Nullbar: 2€I)39312'IB
`ISBN: 97&0- I2-374533-:5
`
`Potinfulnuion on all Academic Pm: publicaims
`vim our wablitn at elawiqfihecucom
`
`‘lypnetby Chnxon ‘be 1.411.. A Macmillan Company. (wvwnnanflhnnlufiausun)
`Ptinnednndbunu1hGna1BrininbyMPGBooknLM.Bo¢rIin.0oImmfl
`os'o91o11n1o9a16s4321
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`Vforlcing together to grow
`libraries in developing oountrics
`vwundscvieccnnu | wwwboohidmg | wvmldanmg
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`
`
`. . . . . ..24
`
`Lista('Figu'a
`
`Lmfilhblm
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`W
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`Admowledpmcnts
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`L'utofAcmnyms
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`Partlzlntroduction
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`1
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`1 Baekgmundof3GcvoII6on...................................3
`1.1
`1-11stoxynndbackgmundof3G .
`.
`. . . . . . . . .
`. . .
`. . . . . . . ..3
`1.1.1 Bfio1e3G . . .
`. . . . . .
`.
`.
`. . . . . . . . . . .
`. . . . . .
`. . . .
`. . . ..3
`1.1.2 Batly3Gdiscuasiona....... .
`. . . . . . . . . . . . .
`. . . . .
`. ..5
`1.1.3 Resean:hon3G.. . .
`.
`. . . . . . .
`. . . . . . . . . . . . .
`. . . . . . . ..6
`1.1.4
`3GsIandaxdizationstnm...
`. . . . . .
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`1.2 Stmdaxdiution . . . . .
`. . . . . .
`.
`. . .
`. . .
`.
`.
`. . . . .
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`. . . . . .
`. . . . . .
`. ..7
`.7
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`1.2.2
`3GPP . . . . . .
`. .
`. . . .
`.
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`. . . . . . . ..9
`1.7.3
`IMT-2000activiu'esin1'IU........... .
`. . . . .
`. . .
`. . . ..]1
`1.3 Specu'umfor3Gandsyslemsbeyond3G.
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`. ..13
`
`2
`
`2.2
`
`'1'l|emntivesbelnin¢Ithe3GevoInIion...........................15
`2.1 Drivixlgfalces .
`. . . . . . .
`. . . . . . . .
`. .
`.
`. . .
`. . . . .
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . ..15
`2.1.1 Technologyadvarlcemerns . .
`. .
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . ........16
`2.1.2
`Services . . . .
`. .
`. . . . . . .
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`. . . . . .
`. . . . .
`. ..17
`2.1.3 Costandperfonnance . . . . .
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..20
`3Gevoluzion:'IwoKadioAccessNetwott approaches
`. . . . . . ..21
`andalievolvedooronetwudc. . . . .
`.
`.
`. . . .
`. . .
`. . . .
`2.2.1 R.udioANetworkevo1ut1on . . . . . .
`. . . . . . . .
`. . .
`. . .. 21
`2.2.2 Ancvolvedcore neLwod::systema.rd:iteaLIre
`evolution. . . . . . . . . . .
`. .
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`. . . . . . . .
`. . .
`. . . .
`. . . .
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`SAM SU NG 1033-0004
`
`SAMSUNG 1033-0004
`
`

`
`9 P
`
`lane 1.2
`
`JGPP organlunlon.
`
`Rm.-flrurndaflflewllman
`
`
`
`lilnrehl
`
`Ihesmrdardlzadanphasuswrduerudwpmceu
`
`3. Deaailedspecificarionx, where every interface is specified in detail.
`4. Tesdngardwrifieuziomwhemthemtafaeespecificafionsuepmvenw
`wotkwith reel-lifeequipment.
`
`‘I-hese phases are overlapping and iterative. As an example. requirements can be
`added. changed. or dmwed during the later phases if the technical solutions call
`for it. Likewise, the technical solution in the detailed specifications can change
`due to problems found in thetestingand verifieationphase.
`
`Standardization starts with the requimrnems phase, where the standards body
`decides what should be achieved with the standard. This phase is usually rela-
`tively short.
`
`In tlreamhirecurr: phase. the srarudards body decides ahoutthe architecture. i.e.
`the principles of how to meet the requirements. The architecture phase includes
`decisions about reference points and interface: to be standardized. This phase is
`usually quite long and may change the requirements.
`
`After the architecture phase, the detailed specification phase starts. It is in this
`phase the denils for each of the identified interfaces are specified. During the
`detailed specificsfion of the intufaces. the standards body may find that it has
`tochlnge decisionscloneeitherrinthe architechnetxevenintherequirernents
`phases.
`
`Frna‘lIy.tliet¢stiugarrdven‘ficatiorIpha.se starts. Itlsusuallynotapartofthe
`actual staridardizztionin the standards bodies, but takes place in plrallel through
`testing by Vendor: and imuopcrability tmting between vmdom This phase is
`fliefiJmlptoofofflresnndard.Duflngfltetesfin3u1dverificafionphase,m1ms
`in the stanrhntl may still be found and those errors may change decisions in the
`detailed stanrhrd. Albeit notcommon. changes msyneeduohedone alsotothe
`architecture or the requirements. To verify the standard, products are needed.
`Hence. the implementation of the produas starts aha (or during) the daailed
`specification phase. The testing and verification phase ends when there are
`
`stable test specifications that canbe used to verltythattlreequipmetrr is fulfilling
`thestandard.
`
`5
`
`Normally, it talces one to two years from the time when the standard is com-
`pleted until commercial pmdncm are out on the market. However, if the standard
`it built from scratch. it may take longettime time there are no stable compo-
`nents to build from.
`'
`
`1.2.2 3GPP
`
`The flrird-Generation Ptmnership Pmjecr (SGPP) ll the stantllds-develnpirrg
`body that specifies the 3G UTRA and GSM systema.3GPP isapnrtnership project
`formed by the standards bodies EFSI. ARIB. 'I'I‘C. 'I'l'A. CCSA and A118. SGPP
`consists of several Technical Specificatiot1s Groups (T803 ). (see Figure 1.2).
`
`l_\ parallel partnership project called SGPP2 was formed in 1999. It also devel-
`ops 3G specifications. but for odrna2000. which is the 3G technology developed
`
`
`
`SAM SU NG 1033-0005
`
`SAMSUNG 1033-0005
`
`

`
`I0
`
`'
`
`i
`
`30 Eboludnu: H3PA andLTEfi!rI|l0bll£Brna&1Id
`
`from the 20 CDMA-based standard 13-95. It is also a global project. and the
`ouganizatlonal pennem are ARIB. CCSA. TIA, TTA Ind'ITC.
`'
`
`3GPPTSGRANisthetechnlcalspedflcnIiongmupmatbasdeve1opedWCDMA.
`ltsevulutionl-lSPA.eswellasLTE.andi;intheforet'rontofthetedanology.'l‘SG
`RANeonslstxofflvewotl<h1ggtoups(WGa):
`
`1. RANWGI dealing withthepllyaieal layer
`2. RANWG2dealingwiththelayer2andlnyer3radiointeriaoe qnciflcationa.
`3. RAN WG3 dealing with the fixed RAN interfaces. for example imetfaoes
`betweennodeainthe RAN,lxn|1notheinnerfIl:ebetweentheRANandtite
`WIOEEIWNK
`'4. RANWG4dee1ingwithdter¢diofiequaacy(RF)andradioresaurcemau-
`agemenl (RRM) perfonnanoe reqlirements.
`.
`5. RANWGS dealingwithdntenninal confonnaneetlestiog.
`
`'I1teseopeof3GPPwl1eoltwaefomaedln l99Bwaetopmdueeglobalapeelll-
`cations fora 3G mobile system based on an evolved GSM cote netwodt. including
`the WCDMA-based radio access of theUI'RA FDD and the TD-CIDMA-based
`radioaoeessoftineUTRATDDn1ode.Theta:ktomaintainanddevdopthe
`GSNI/BDGBspeeificafimswasaddedm3GPPatalntetstage.TheUmA(md
`GSMIEDGE) tfiecifications are developed, maintained and apptuved in 3GPP.
`AfterappmvaLflnotganizIiom1patmmuuampoeed|eminto&ppIopri1teddiv-
`cnblesasltmdatdsineacltmgion.
`
`[nparallelwithtbel.nitial3GPPwork. a3Gsyetembuedon'I'D-SCDMAwas
`developedinChilia.TD-SCDMAwasevenmallymetgedintoReluse4ofd1e
`SGPP specifications as an additional TDD mode.
`
`Theworkin 3GPPiscan-iedont withte.levantI'I'U xecommeodmions inmind
`
`and the result of the work is also submitted to ITU. The organizational put.-
`mmamobfigedmideofifytegktnnlmquhmnmmthnmayleadmoptionsinthe
`standard. Examples are regional fieqicncy bands and special protection lequite-
`ments local to a region. The specifications are developed with global roaming
`and cinzulatim of terminals in mind This implies that many regional require-
`menmineuanoewillbeglobalrequixements focal] nermimls.5inoeat'ouning
`terminal has to meet the suzictest of all tegioml requirements. Regional options
`in the specification: ue thus mote common for hue stations then fix terminals.
`
`The specifications of all releases can be updated aha each set of TSG meetings,
`whichoooul'4timen year. 'l‘he 3GPP documentsaredividedinto teieaeen. where
`
`
`
`Fun 1.3 Rllum a_/3GPP .-pccguafimpr arm,
`
`eachmleuebIsaaetoffeaunesaddedooupmdmthepreviauzelease.Thefes
`' mreeuedefinedinWorkIbnnugteedmdund=mkenbythe1’SGs.Then:|eases
`uptokeleasesandsomcmainfeatmesofthoseazeshawninFigure1.3.The
`dareslIownforeachreIeuelsthe(hytheeontentofdaereleasewufimen.Fm
`l:i:ton'ealrensons.thefirst release is nnmbetedby lheyearitwu frozen (1999),
`whilethefollowing:eleuesuemmbe:ed4.5,etc.
`
`For the WUJMA Radio A0053 developed in TSG RAN, Release 99 contains
`all feature: needed to tmet lhe IMT-Z100 requirements as defined by ITU.
`There are circuit"-switched voice and video services‘ and data services over bod:
`packet-switched and citeult-switched bearers. The first major addition of radio
`access features to WCDMA is Release 5 with High Speed Dawnlink Packet
`Access (HSDPA) and Release 6 with Enhanced Uphnlz. These two ate mgetllet
`te:E¢-nedtoasl-lSPAandaIedscl'ibcdinmorcdet:iJinPattlllofthisbook.
`With I-ISPA. UTRA goes beyond the definition ofa 36 mobile sywem and also
`encompasses broadband mobile data,
`
`With the inclusion of an Evolved UTRAN (I..'l'E) and the related System
`Amhitectwre Evolution (SAE) in Release 8. further steps are tqkell in terms of
`broadband capabilities. The specific solutions chosen for LTE and SAB are
`deacribedinPartIVofdtisbook.
`-
`
`1.2.3 IM'F2000 activities in ITU
`
`The present r'tU work on 30 takes place in ITU-R Working Party 50‘ cwpsn),
`wherc3Gaystem:metefe:redtouIMT-2000.WP5Ddoeanotwliteteclmieal
`
`‘1\ewuknnlNfl‘-30fl0vmnmadnnmWmHo;Puly3PIoWmHnghttySDin200&
`
`
`
`SAM SU NG 1033-0006
`
`SAMSUNG 1033-0006
`
`

`
`20
`
`36 Evaltdicn: lfihl and lTEfiIr Mobile Broadband
`
`I1aenn¢tlvetbehb:dthe3G¢noMloa
`
`21
`
`
`
`liflullzl 1Mblt:uu—ddaywrvlcaspoudwl:lupa1anInaour_whandalg:bI;anew
`aellularsystewl.
`
`oftltemobile-communication systemsneedtostopatarensonablelevel.alevel
`flmtlteteehnology avnilahleattltetimeofstmdardizationcanprovide.
`
`2. 1.3 Cost andperfonnanca
`
`inmate is anotltepintportant driving factor for future mobile-communication sys-
`tetDpu1dfl1atisthbw3toffln:uvicep'ovisbnmg.Ihebdmobgyadvameunnt
`thatenablesnew scrvicescanalsot>cutilizedtopmvldebenermnbile-commtmi-
`entionsystems using more advancedteehnical featmes.HereIPtechnolcgyisnot
`only_a hey enable: to allow for new services to pop up. butnlso 1 way ofreduo-
`ingeoatusfnewaenrioes.'I‘hereasonitthatIPasabearerofnewsu-vicescanbe
`n:eda>htunducenewuewicesastheycmne.mt1eqIfifinganextarsivespecial
`design oft:ltesystem.0fcourse.t.li:requirea tlrat_tl:edeviceauaedintl:emohila-
`communication systunumbeptognmntedbythird-party pmvidasandthatthe
`opuammfllowfifird-partysavbeprwihsmmeflaekltawukfotuxllmutficalbn.
`
`Anodterimprrtmnfxanrthatoperatorsneedtopxovideduservieestoantte
`users.Notonlyoneuserneedstogetthe1awdela3ahighdetarnte,etc.thsIits
`seMeemeds.butallmeusaswhhthdr_difla-axserviceneedsshouubeserved
`efficiently. The prooming capacity evolution nndMoore'a lowhelp also forthis
`problem. New techniques are enabled by the higher processing power in the
`deviees—rechniqnesthnddivusmorebiuofdmperhertz.Funhermore.d|e
`covengeisioomasedwhhmoresdva1cedantemasmdreeeivers.Thisenab]es
`theopemtorstodclivetthescrviceslornnreusersfromonebaseatalion. lhus
`requiring fewer sites. Fewa sites imply lower opaatlonal and capitdization costs.
`Incssenceflteopcruommedfewerhmemtionsandalteemlxovidefinscnise.
`
`Obviously, all services would be ‘happy’ if they ‘were provided with the
`highest data rue, lowest delay. and lowest jitter that the syntax: can provide
`Unfortunately. thin in unattainable in practice and contradictory to the operator
`goalofanetlicicntsyxtemzinothea-wocds,dremore deluaservioecanlnndle
`the more eflicient the system can be. Thur. the cost of providing lowest possi-
`ble delay. jitter antlcall setup timeis somewhat in conflict with the need ofllle
`mobile-networkopemortnp:uvideiuoolld1eusers.Herwe,thereisauade-off
`between user experience and Iystean performanw. The better the syaem per-
`fonnanceia.thelowerdIecoetofu1enetwork.Hmvevu.theendususdsoneed
`uogctadequatepaformancewhichofienisinconflictwilhthesynunperfom-
`mce. thus the opium: cannot only optimize for system performance.
`-
`
`2.2 36 evolutton:Two Fladlo Access Network approaches
`‘and an evolved core network
`2.2. 1 Radio Access Network evolution
`
`TSG RAN organized a workshop on 3GPP long-term Evolution in the fall of
`wD4.'I‘l1ewotlts.lI>p wastheatnrti.r1gpointofthedcvelopmentoftheI.ong-
`‘Ram Evolution (LIFE) radio interface. After the initial requirement phase In the
`spn'ngof2005, wherefltetargetsandohiectivea ofL'l'Bweresettled,titetenhni-
`cal specification gonp TSG SA launched a corresponding wodr on the System
`Architecture Evolution, since it was felt that the LTE radio interface neecbd a
`suitable evolved system architecture.
`,
`
`The result ofthe LTB workshop was that a study item in 3GPP TSG RAN
`wascrealedinDecetnber2(Xl4.I1teflrst6monthewueepentondefir|ingthe
`:equimmonu.o:designmgeu.ro:u'arhesewaedocumentedtna3G1>P
`technical report [86] and approved in Iune 2.005. Chqxer I3 will go through
`the requirementsininore detail. Most notableatetherequiremermanhighdata
`ntnattheeefledgemdmeirnportar|ceoflowdehy,inaddi&ontomenonnal
`capacity andpeakdataraterequirements.Furthemt0re.Epectmmflexibilityu|d
`nnximurn commonality between PDDamiTDD solutionsarepronounced.
`
`During the fall 2005, 3GPP'l'SG RAN W01 "made extensive studies of different
`basic physical layer technologies and in December 2005 the T80 RAN plenary
`decided that the LTE radio access should be based on OFDM in the downlink
`and single carrier mm in the uplink.
`'
`
`TSG RAN and its working groups then worked on the {IE specifications and
`the specifications were approved in December 2007. However, SGPP TSG RAN
`did not stop working on LT}! when the first version of the specifications was
`
`
`
`SAM SU NG 1033-0007
`
`SAMSUNG 1033-0007
`
`

`
`431
`
`3G EVHUHM: HS!!! and 11810!’Moblle Broadband
`
`LIE acunpmcedurer
`
`Eh
`
`_
`
`.
`
`syndrome to
`dnvurllrlr umru
`(Hamil In-rdrj
`
`433
`
`3%,.
`
`In case of a relatively small 81 and a relatively large system bendwirltlr, a sin-
`gle suhfrarrte may he luflicient for the transmission of the $1. In oflrer cum.
`multiple rubframesmaybeneededfortlreunnamissionofasinglesl Irrthe
`latter case, instead of segmenting each SI into sufficiently email blocks tint
`aresepariuelychnmreloodedaaduansnnttedinseparatesizbfzmrres. thccom-
`plete SI i.schmneleodednndmappedtomultiple,notnecessuily consecutive
`subframea.
`
`Siniilartao thecaseofthe BCH, terminals thatareexperiencing goodchannel
`coiiditionsmaythenbcabIedecodethecompleteSIafterreceivirrgonlyasub-
`setoftilesuhframestowhichtlrecodedslismapped, whileterminalsinbad
`positions need to receive more subfnmcs for proper decoding of the $1. This
`npptoudrhastwobenefiu:
`
`0 Similar to BC!-I decoding, mrminalx in good position: need to receive fewer
`suhfuunes. implying the possibility for reduced terminal power consumption.
`0 The use of larger code hloelu in combination with ‘lube ending lead: to
`improved channel-coding gain.
`
`18.3 Random access
`
`A fmdamental reqilirement for any cellular system is the possibility for the ter-
`minal to request a connection setup. commonly referred to as random access. In
`LTB, random access is med for several purposes, including:
`
`0 for initialacoess when establishing a radio link (moving from RRCJDLB to
`RRC_CONNEC'l‘ED; see Chapter 15 for a discussion on difierent erminal
`states);
`0 tore-esteblisharadio link afterradiolinkfiilure;
`e for handover when uplink synchronization needs no he established to the
`new cell;
`0 to estibliflr uplink synchronization ifuplink or downlink data arrives when
`the terminal is in RRC_CONN'BC'I'ED and the uplink is not synchronized;
`0 as a scheduling request if no dedicated scheduling-request resources have
`beeneonfiguredonPUCCH(seeChapter 19 foradiscussion onuplirrk
`scheduling procedures).
`
`Establislmmcm of uplink syrrnhronimtion is the main objective for all the cases
`above: when establishing an
`radio link (Le. when moving from RRC_
`IDLE to RRC_CONNEC.'I‘ED). the random-access procedure also serves the
`purpose olessignlng I unique identity. the C-RNTI. to the terminal.
`
`
`
`Onlyifualenetknewnheflodfl
`tlnllelrmderneeeeeei
`
`
`
`Figure 13.! Own-r':w oftha rwrdaur-arxaar prucuduu:
`
`The basis for random access in a contention-based procedure. illusrmecl in
`Figure l8.8,andeon.sr’su offoursteps:
`
`1.
`
`'ll:flrststepconsimofI:nnsrnissiorr<rfa randorii-accessprcamblemllowing
`the eNodeB to animate the rnnsrnission timing of the terminal. Uplink synchro-
`nintionin nmesearyudreterminalothezwisecarrnottranurritany uplinkdatn.
`2. The second rtepconiiatx of the network transmitting a tinting advance corn-
`rmnd to adjust the terminal transmit timing, based on the timing estimate in
`the tint step. In addition to emblishing uplink ayndrronizatian, the second
`atepalsoaasignsuplinkreaoumeetouretemrirmltobeusedintherhirdstep
`in the random-access procedure.
`3. The third step consists of uanamission of the mobile-terminal identity to
`the network using the UL-SCH similar to nonml scheduled data. ‘lite exact
`content of this signaling depends on the state of the terminal. i.n particnlnr
`whether it is previously lmuwn to the network or not.
`4. The fourth and final step oondstx of transmission of a contention-resolution
`message fromthenetworktotirenerminal ontheDL-SCI-l. This step also
`resolves any contention due to multiple terrninnls trying Io access the system
`using the same random-access resource.
`
`Only the first step uses physical-layer processing specifically designed for ran-
`dom access. The last three steps utilize the same physical-layer processing as
`
`
`
`SAM SU NG 1033-0008
`
`SAMSUNG 1033-0008
`
`

`
`434
`
`3G Evolution: FISH! and Lltjorllablle Broadband
`
`Ilfiazcasprocrdnru
`
`435
`
`used for normal uplink and downlink data trnnsmision. In the following. each
`of these steps is described in more detail
`
`step. Hence. from the preamble the tenninal used, the eNodeB, will get some
`guidance on the rtrnount of Irplinl: resources to be granted to the terminal.
`
`Additionally. for handover purposes it is possible to use the random-access
`ntedwnnism in n contention-free manner ss described further below. In this care
`only thefirittwosleps oftheprocerlrrrenreusedasthernistroneedforconten-
`tion resolution in a contention-free scheme.
`
`18.3. 1 Step 1: Random-access preamble transmission
`The first step in the random-access procedure is the uarrsrrrission of ti random-
`sooe preamble. The main purpose of the preamble transrnission is to indicate
`no the base station the presence ofa random-access attempt and to allow the
`bnsestaIiontoesfimatethede.laybetweenfl1eeNodeBandlheUermirraI. The
`delay estimate will be used in the second step to adjust the uplink
`
`The tirne-tieqtrency resotroce on which the random-access preamble is n'nnsrnit-
`ted upon is known as the Phylvical Random Accm Channel (PRACI-1’). The net-
`work broadcasts information to all terminals in which tltme-frequency resources
`nndom-scenes preamble ttnnsrnission is allowed (i.e., the PRACH resources. in
`SIB-2). As part
`the filst step of the random-access procedure, the terminal
`selects one preamble to transmit on the PRACH.
`
`lntachcell, tlrerear:64prcamblesequenoes :wai1n'nle'l\wos1tbsetsol'the64
`sequences are defined as illustrated in Figure 18.9. where the set 0! sequences
`in each subset is signaled as part of the system irrtorrnnlion. When performing
`it (contnrtion-based) random-access attempt. the terminal at random selects one
`sequenceinoneol't.hesubsets.Aslourgas nootherterntinalisperforminga
`random-access attempt using the same sequence at the some time instant, m
`eollisionswiflocanandtheatremptwin.widlahlghflkeflhood.bedctcctedby
`thee.NodeB.
`
`Thesubsettoselecttltepresmblesequarcefiomisgivenby thearrrountofdatn
`thelenninalworrldliketo trnnamitontheUL~SCl-Iinthethirtirandtrm-access
`
`Pnemblo eat no
`
`Ptosnoto out 01
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`Foroontontton-tree oecoso
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` 64 Poonmbbn in cool: eel
`
`lkun 18.9 Pmnnbi: suture
`
`If the terminal has been requested to pa-form a contention-free random access,
`forexnmple,forhnndovutnauew cell. thepreamhlelaouseis explicitly indi-
`cated from the eNodeB. To avoid collisions. the eNodeB should prcfcnbly
`select the eonterrtion-free preamble from sequences outside the two subsets used
`for contention-based random access.
`
`18.3.11 PHACH time-frequency resources
`In the frequency domain, the PRACH resource, illustrated in Figure 18.10,
`has a bandwidth corresponding to six resource blocks (l.08MHz). This nicely
`rnatdtes the smallest uplink cell bandwidth of six resource blocks in which LTE
`can operate. Hence. the sun: random-access preamble structure can be used.
`regardless ofthe transrrrissionbnndwidthinlhecell.
`
`In the time domain, the length of the preamble region depends-on configured
`preamble as will be discussed further below. Thebasic random-ncces resource
`is lmsindurationmutflrereisnleodtepoasihihtymoontlgtuelorrgerproaor
`bler. Also. note that the eNodeB uplinlc scheduler in principle can reserve an
`nrbitrary long mndorn-access region by simply avoiding scheduling terminals in
`multiple subsequent subfran-res.
`
`Iypicnlly. the eNodeB avoids scheduling any uplink transmissions in the time-
`frequency resources usedforrsndom nceers.‘l‘hisnvoidsinterfuencebetween
`UL-SCH trmstnissions and random-access nttempts from diflerent
`termi-
`nnls.'Drera.hdom-acoempresmbleisslidtobearfinganaltourerdatn, unlike
`WCDMA where upliulr data trtlmmission and randorn-access attempts share the
`same resources. However. from a specification perspective. nothing prevents the
`upiink sdrednlu to schedule nnnsminsions in the random-nccoss region. Hybrid-
`ARQ retransmissions are an example of this: synchronous non-adaptive hybrid-
`ARQretran.srnissiousrnayoverl.np withtlternndom-access region snditisupto
`the irnplementntion to handle this. either by moving the retranstnisslons in the
`frequency domain as discussed in Qrnptcr 1.9 or by handling theinterferenee at
`the eNodeB receiver:
`
`For FDD, there is at most one random-access region per subfnme. that is, multi-
`ple rsndom-nooess attempt: are not multiplexed in the frequency domain. From
`a delay perspective, it is better to spread out the random-access opportunities in
`the time domain to minimize the average waiting time before a rnndoru-access
`attempt can be
`For TDD. multiple random-access regions can be
`
`
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`SAM SU NG 1033-0009
`
`SAMSUNG 1033-0009