`
`Aortic valve
`
`From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
`
`Aortic valve Wikipedia
`
`The aortic valve is a valve in the human heart between the left ventricle and
`the aorta. It is one of the two semilunar valves of the heart, the other being
`the pulmonary valve. The heart has four valves and the other two are the
`mitral and the tricuspid valves. The aortic valve normally has three cusps or
`leaflets, although in 1–2% of the population it is found to congenitally have
`two leaflets.[1]
`
`Aortic valve
`
`Contents
`
`1 Structure
`2 Function
`3 Clinical significance
`3.1 Aortic valve repair
`3.2 Aortic valve replacement
`4 Additional images
`5 References
`6 External links
`
`Structure
`
`Frontal view of the Aortic valve
`
`The aortic valve normally has three cusps – a left, right and posterior cusp.[2]
`Function
`
`When the left ventricle contracts (systole), pressure rises in the left ventricle.
`When the pressure in the left ventricle rises above the pressure in the aorta,
`the aortic valve opens, allowing blood to exit the left ventricle into the aorta.
`When ventricular systole ends, pressure in the left ventricle rapidly drops.
`When the pressure in the left ventricle decreases, the aortic pressure forces
`the aortic valve to close. The closure of the aortic valve contributes the A2
`component of the second heart sound (S2).
`Clinical significance
`
`Aortic valve
`Details
`Identifiers
`
`Latin valva aortae
`TA
`A12.1.04.012 (http://www.unifr.ch/ifaa/Publ
`ic/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA9
`8%20EN/12.1.04.012%20Entity%20TA98%
`20EN.htm)
`FMA 7236 (http://xiphoid.biostr.washington.edu/f
`ma/fmabrowserhierarchy.html?fmaid=7236)
`Anatomical terminology
`
`Narrowing of the aortic valve is called aortic stenosis, limiting the blood that
`can leave the valve and increasing the force the heart has to use to pump the blood through the valve. Aortic insufficiency, also
`called aortic regurgitation, is when the valve is unable to close properly. Blood consequently flows passively back to the heart in
`the wrong direction. These two conditions frequently coexist. Common causes of aortic regurgitation include vasodilation of
`the aorta, previous rheumatic fever, infection such as infective endocarditis, degeneration of the aortic valve, and Marfan's
`syndrome. Aortic stenosis can also be caused by rheumatic fever and degenerative calcification.[3]
`
`The most common congenital abnormality of the heart is the bicuspid aortic valve. In this condition, instead of three cusps, the
`aortic valve has two cusps. This condition is often undiagnosed until later in life when the person develops symptomatic aortic
`stenosis. Aortic stenosis occurs in this condition usually in patients in their 40s or 50s, an average of 10 years earlier than can
`occur in people with normal aortic valves.
`
`Turner syndrome, a congenital condition that affects females, can often have a bicuspid aortic valve as one of its symptoms.
`
`https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_valve
`
`1/3
`
`Page 1 of 3
`
`
`
`6/22/2017
`Aortic valve repair
`
`Aortic valve Wikipedia
`
`Aortic valve repair or aortic valve reconstruction describes the reconstruction of both
`form and function of the native and dysfunctioning aortic valve. Most frequently it is
`applied for the treatment of aortic regurgitation. It can also become necessary for the
`treatment of aortic aneurysm, less frequently for congenital aortic stenosis.[4]
`
`Aortic valve replacement
`
`Aortic valve replacement is a surgical procedure in which a patient's aortic valve is
`replaced by a different valve. The aortic valve can be affected by a range of diseases and
`require aortic valve replacement. The valve can become either leaky (regurgitant or
`insufficient) or stuck partially shut (stenotic). Aortic valve replacement traditionally
`required open heart surgery. A new alternative is transcatheter aortic valve replacement
`(TAVR), which delivers a mechanical valve to the site of the diseased
`valve through a catheter.[5] There are two basic types of artificial heart
`valve, mechanical valves and tissue valves. Tissue heart valves are usually
`made from animal tissues, either animal heart valve tissue or animal
`pericardial tissue. The tissue is pretreated by removing antigens to prevent
`rejection and to prevent calcification.
`
`Video clip from the aortic valve in a
`living, beating pig heart.
`
`There are alternatives to animal tissue valves. In some cases, a human
`aortic valve can be implanted. These are called homografts. Homograft
`valves are donated by patients and recovered after the patient expires. The
`durability of homograft valves is probably the same as for porcine tissue
`valves. Another procedure for aortic valve replacement is the Ross
`procedure (after Donald Ross) or pulmonary autograft. The Ross
`procedure involves going to surgery to have the aortic valve removed and replacing it with
`the patient's own pulmonary valve. A pulmonary homograft (a pulmonary valve taken from
`a cadaver) or a valvular prothesis is then used to replace the patient's own pulmonary valve.
`
`Video explanation of aortic valve disease
`
`The first minimally invasive aortic valve surgery took place at the Cleveland Clinic in
`1996.
`
`Another option for aortic valve replacement is transcatheter aortic valve replacement
`(TAVR). This procedure is for patients who are not candidates for surgery or who have high
`risk for surgery. This procedure can be done through the femoral artery, via direct aortic
`access, or via left ventricular apical access.
`Additional images
`
`Micrograph demonstrating
`thickening of the spongiosa layer
`(blue) in myxomatous
`degeneration of the aortic valve.
`
`https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_valve
`
`2/3
`
`Page 2 of 3
`
`
`
`6/22/2017
`
`Aortic valve Wikipedia
`
`
`
`
`
`A replaceable model of
`Cardiac Biological
`Valve Prosthesis.
`
`Aortic valve
`
`Front of thorax,
`showing surface
`relations of bones,
`lungs (purple), pleura
`(blue), and heart (red
`outline). Heart valves
`are labeled with "B",
`"T", "A", and "P".
`
`References
`
`1. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=11068
`2. Anatomy photo:20:290104 (http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/labs/l20/290104.htm) at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
`– "Heart: The Aortic Valve and Aortic Sinuses"
`3. Aortic Valve, Bicuspid (http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic2486.htm#) at eMedicine
`4. HansJoachim Schäfers: Current treatment of aortic regurgitation. UNIMED Science, Bremen, London, Boston 2013, ISBN 9783
`837414066.
`5. "What is TAVR?" (http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/HeartValveProblemsandDisease/WhatisTAVR_UCM_450827
`_Article.jsp). American Heart Association. 2014. Retrieved 20150815.
`External links
`
`Anatomy figure: 20:0702 (http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/figs/l20/200702.htm) at Human Anatomy
`Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center
`
`Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aortic_valve&oldid=782469251"
`
`Categories: Cardiac anatomy Heart valves
`
`This page was last edited on 27 May 2017, at 03:10.
`Text is available under the Creative Commons AttributionShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this
`site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia
`Foundation, Inc., a nonprofit organization.
`
`https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_valve
`
`3/3
`
`Page 3 of 3
`
`