`Pant0lian0 et al.
`
`(10) Patent N0.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 6,569,631 B1
`*May 27, 2003
`
`US006569631B1
`
`(54) MICROPLATE THERMAL SHIFT ASSAY
`FOR LIGANI) DEVELOPMENT USING 5_(4"_
`DIMETHYLAMINOPHENYL)-2-(4'-PHENYL)
`OXAZOLE DERIVATIVE FLUORESCENT
`DYES
`
`5,463,564 A 10/1995 Agra?otis et al. ........ .. 364/496
`5,496,519 A
`3/1996 Schacher ................... .. 422/64
`(List Continued on next page)
`'
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`(75) Inventors: Michael W. Pant0lian0, Avondale, PA
`(US); Eugenio C. Petrella, Wayne, PA
`_
`(US), F. Raymond Salemme, Yardley,
`PA_ (Us); Barry A- SPnnger>
`Wilmington, DE (Us)
`
`(73) Assignee: 3-Dimensi0nal Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,
`Yardley, PA (US)
`
`( * ) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U'S'C~ 154(k)) by 0 days'
`
`EP
`EP
`EP
`EP
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`
`0 512 334 B1
`0 613 007 A2
`0 640 828 A1
`0 770 876 A1
`WO 92/03542 A1
`W0 93/14781
`WO 94/05394
`W0 95/153969
`WO 96/23879
`WO 97/09342
`W0 97/ 14038
`W0 97/20952
`WO 97/42500
`WO 98/15969 A2
`
`11/1992
`8/1994
`3/1995
`5/1997
`3/1992
`8/1993
`3/1994
`7/1995
`8/1996
`3/1997
`4/1997
`6/1997
`11/1997
`4/1998
`
`This patent is subject to a terminal dis
`claimer.
`
`(21) App1'NO"09/438’357
`(22) Filed;
`Nov, 12, 1999
`
`Related US. Application Data
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/108,085, ?led on Nov. 12,
`1998-
`(51) Int. c1.7 ....................... .. G01N 33/53; G01N 21/76
`(52) US. Cl. ........................... .. 435/7.1; 435/7.4; 435/4;
`435/DIG_ 1; 435/DIG_ 14; 435/DIG_ 41;
`
`A3
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Bergdoll, M., et al., “All in the family: Structural and
`evolutionary relationships among three modular proteins
`With diverse functions and variable assembly,” Protein Sci.
`7:1661—1670, Cambridge University Press (Aug. 1998).
`Blattner, F.R., et al., “The Complete Genome Sequence of
`Escherichia COli K—12,” Science 277:1453—1462, American
`Aeeeeietieh fer the Adveheeiheht ef Seienee (SeP- 1997)
`Bowie, J-U- and Seller, R-T» “Equilibrium Dissociation and
`Unfolding of the Arc Repressor Dimer,” Biochem.
`
`(58) Field of Search ............................ .. 435/4, 7.1, 7.4,
`435/DIG. 1, DIG. 12, DIG. 41, DIG. 14;
`436/501, 518, 172
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`(List Continued on next page)
`
`Primary Examiner—Padmashri Ponnaluri
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein
`& Fox P.L.L.C.
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`4/1986 Patel ......................... .. 356/39
`4,580,895 A
`4,626,684 A 12/1986 Landa """" "
`250/328
`2 15/
`glarlgetnket atl'
`4356/47‘
`4’778’763 A lojlgss Mzkiiigiciieetaa'lt"x
`43447
`4j859:609 A
`8/1989 Dull et at ______ __
`436/501
`4,963,263 A 10/1990 Kauvar .... ..
`210/635
`5,096,807 A
`3/1992 Leaback
`435/6
`5,133,866 A
`7/1992 Kauvar .... ..
`210/635
`5,200,504 A
`4/1993 Ghadiri
`530/304
`52177869 A
`6/1993 Kauvar ~~~~ ~~
`- 435/79
`5’255’976 A 10/1993 connelly ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
`' ' ' " 374/31
`gantt?h?lnotetlal' "
`435/79
`4/1994 KZLVZI
`436/43
`5/1994 WeyrauCh et at
`6/1994 Kawase et al. .......... .. 435/794
`
`5’300’425 A
`5:314:825 A
`5,324,635 A
`
`The present invention provides a method for ranking the
`af?nity of each of a multiplicity of different molecules for a
`target molecule Which is capable of unfolding due to a
`thermal change. The method comprises (a) contacting the
`target molecule With one molecule of a multiplicity of
`different meleeilles, in the Presence of a 5-(4”
`dimethylaminopheny-2-(4‘-phenyl)oXaZole derivative dye,
`in each of a multiplicity of containers; (b) simultaneously
`heating the multiplicity of containers; (c) measuring the
`?uorescence in each of the containers; (d) generating ther
`mal unfolding information for the target molecule as a
`function of temperature for each of the containers; (e)
`comparing the thermal unfolding information obtained for
`each of the containers to the thermal unfolding information
`for the target molecule in the absence of any of the H101
`
`
`ecules in the multiplicity of different molecules; and ranking the affinities of each of the molecules according to
`the difference in the thermal unfolding information betWeen
`the target molecule in each of the containers and the target
`molecule in the absence of any of the molecules in the
`hiitipiieity ei eieeeht heieeiiee
`
`
`
`6/1994 Fratantoni et a1, 8/1994 Kauvar et al.
`
`
`
`5,325,295 A 5,338,659 A
`
`
`364/413_08 ...... .. 435/7.1
`436/172
`8/ 1994 Eden -------------- -
`5,340,747 A
`~~ 356/317
`53557215 A 10/1994 Schroeder 6i a1~
`5,356,784 A 10/1994 Kauvar ..................... .. 435/7.9
`21333123? 2
`111332 2235551211: """" ":11: 38/232
`
`5,415,839 A
`5,436,718 A
`
`5/1995 Zaun et al. . . . . . . .
`. . . .. 422/64
`7/1995 Fernandes et a1. .......... .. 356/73
`
`12 Claims, 43 Drawing Sheets
`
`THERMO FISHER EX. 1027
`
`
`
`US 6,569,631 B1
`Page 2
`
`US. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`4/1996 Potter et a1. ................. .. 435/4
`5,506,097 A
`6/1996 Danssaert et a1.
`422/99
`5,525,300 A
`9/1996 Wechsler et a1.
`356/318
`5,557,398 A
`5,567,317 A 10/1996 Kauvar ........... ..
`210/635
`5,585,277 A 12/1996 Bowie et a1. ..
`436/518
`5,587,293 A 12/1996 Kauvar et a1. ........... .. 435/7.21
`5,589,351 A 12/1996 Harootunian .............. .. 435/29
`5,599,504 A
`2/1997 Hosoi et al.
`422/82.08
`5,620,901 A
`4/1997 Kauvar ....... ..
`436/518
`5,631,734 A
`5/1997 Stern et al.
`356/317
`5,679,582 A 10/1997 Bowie et al. ............. .. 436/518
`6,020,141 A
`2/2000 Pantoliano et a1. ........ .. 435/7.1
`6,036,920 A
`3/2000 Pantoliano et a1. ..
`422/67
`6,214,293 B1
`4/2001 Pantoliano et a1. ..
`422/67
`6,232,085 B1
`5/2001 Pantoliano et a1. ..
`435/7.1
`6,268,158 B1
`7/2001 Pantoliano et a1. ..
`.. 435/7.1
`6,268,218 B1
`7/2001 Pantoliano et a1. ..
`436/86
`6,291,192 B1
`9/2001 Pantoliano et a1. ..
`435/7.1
`6,303,322 B1
`10/2001 Pantoliano et a1. ........ .. 435/7.1
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Chen, L., et al., “Microtiter Plate Binding Assay for Cho
`linergic Compounds Utilizing the Nicotinic Acetylcholine
`Receptor,”Anal. Chem. 64.'3018—3023,American Chemical
`Society (1992).
`Denessiouk, K.A., et al., “Enzyme—mononucleotide interac
`tions: Three different folds share common structural ele
`ments for ATP recognition,” Protein Sci. 7.'1768—1771,
`Cambridge University Press (Aug. 1998).
`Dennis, S., et al., “Use of fragments of hirudin to investigate
`thrombin—hirudin interaction,” Eur. J. Biochem. 188.'61—66,
`Springer International (1990).
`Fraser, C.M., et al., “Complete Genome Sequence of Tre
`ponema pallia'um, the Syphilis Spirochete,” Science
`281.'375—388, American Association for the Advancement
`of Science (Jul. 1998).
`Friguet, B., et al., “Immunochemical analysis of protein
`conformation,” in: Protein Structure: A Practical Approach,
`Creighton, T.E., ed., IRL Press at Oxford University Press,
`Oxford, England, pp. 287—310 (1989).
`Grant, S.K., et al., “Use of Protein Unfolding Studies to
`Determine the Conformational and Dimeric Stabilities of
`HIV—1 and SIV Proteases,” Biochem. 31:9491—9501,
`American Chemical Society (1992).
`Haff, L.A., et al., “A High—Performance System for Auto
`mation of the Polymerase Chain Reaction,” BioTechniques
`10:102—103, 106—112, Eaton Publishing Co. (1991).
`Harrington, J.P., “Spectroscopic Analysis of the Unfolding
`of Transition Metal—Ion Complexes of Human Lactoferrin
`and Transferrin,” Int. J. Biochem. 24.'275—280, Pergamon
`Press (1992).
`Herrero, ME. and Castell, J .V., “Fluorometric Microassay
`to Quantify Microsomal Epoxide Hydrolase in 96—Well
`Plates,” Anal. Biochem. 230:154—158, Academic Press Inc.
`(1995).
`Hieter, P. and Boguski, M., “Functional Genomics: It’s All
`HoW You Read It,” Science 278:601—602, American Asso
`ciation for the Advancement of Science (Oct. 1997).
`Higuchi, R., et al., “Simultaneous Ampli?cation and Detec
`tion of Speci?c DNA Sequences,” Bio/Technology
`10:413—417, Nature Publishing Co. (1992).
`Higuchi, R., et al., “Kinetic PCR Analysis: Real—time Moni
`toring of DNA Ampli?cation Reactions,” Bio/Technology
`11:1026—1030, Nature Publishing Co. (1993).
`
`Hogg, PJ and Jackson, C.M., “Fibrin monomer protects
`thrombin from inactivation by heparin—antithrombin III:
`Implications for heparin ef?cacy,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
`USA 86:3619—3623, National Academy of Sciences (1989).
`Hogg, PJ and Jackson, C.M., “Formation of a Ternary
`Complex betWeen Thrombin, Fibrin Monomer, and Heparin
`In?uences the Action of Thrombin on Its Substrates,” J.
`Biol. Chem. 265:248—255, American Society for Biochem
`istry and Molecular Biology, Inc. (1990).
`Hotchkiss, K.A., et al., “Inhibition of Heparin Activity in
`Plasma by Soluble Fibrin: Evidence for Ternary Thrombin
`Fibrin—Heparin Complex Formation,” Blood 84:498—503,
`W.B. Saunders Company (1994).
`Janknecht, R., et al., “Rapid and efficient puri?cation of
`native histidine—tagged protein expressed by recombinant
`vaccinia virus,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:8972—8976,
`National Academy of Sciences (1991).
`Kan, M., et al., “An Essential Heparin—Binding Domain in
`the Fibroblast GroWth Factor Receptor Kinase,” Science
`259:1918—1921, American Association for the Advance
`ment of Science (1993).
`Kenndey, M.W., et al., “The ABA—1 Allergen of the Parasitic
`Nematode Ascaris suum: Fatty Acid and Retinoid Binding
`Function and Structural Characterization,” Biochem.
`34:6700—6710, American Chemical Society (1995).
`Kikuchi, T., et al., “Measurement of Chemiluminescence
`from Neutrophils in a 96—Well Microplate using Lumi Box
`U—800 II,” J. Biolum. Chemilum. 12.'149—153, John Wiley
`& Sons, Ltd. (May 1997).
`LeWis, M., et al., “Crystal Structure of the Lactose Operon
`Repressor and Its Complexes With DNA and Inducer,”
`Science 271.'1247—1254, American Association for the
`Advancement of Science (1996).
`Mach, H., et al., “Effect of Polyanions on the Folding and
`Unfolding of Acidic Fibroblast GroWth Factor,” in: Harness
`ing Biotechnology for the 21st Century. Proceedings of the
`Ninth International Biotechnology Symposium and Exposi
`tion, Ladisch, MR. and Bose, A., eds., American Chemical
`Society, Washington, DC, pp. 290—293 (1992).
`Mach, H., et al., “Nature of the Interaction of Heparin With
`Acidic Fibroblast GroWth Factor,” Biochem 32:5480—5489,
`American Chemical Society (1993).
`Mach, H., et al., “Partially Structured Self—Associating
`States of Acidic Fibroblast GroWth Factor,” Biochem
`32:7703—7711, American Chemical Society (1993).
`Mans?eld, E.S., et al., “Nucleic acid detection using non
`radioactive
`labeling methods,” Mol. Cell. Probes
`9.'145—156, Academic Press Ltd. (1995).
`Marquis—Omer, D., et al., “Stabilization of the FK506
`Binding Protein by Ligand Binding,” Biochem. Biophys.
`Res. Commun. 179:741—748, Academic Press, Inc. (1991).
`Martin, CS. and Bronstein, 1., “Imaging of Chemilumines
`cent Signals with C00 CCD Camera Systems,” J. Biolum.
`Chemilum 9.'148—183, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (1994).
`Middaugh, C.R., et al., “Nature of the Interaction of GroWth
`Factors With Suramin,” Biochem. 31:9016—9024, American
`Chemical Society (1992).
`Middaugh, C.R., et al., “Selected Problems in the Formu
`lation of Protein Pharmaceuticals,” Book ofAbstracts of the
`205th ACS National Meeting, Abstract No. 126, American
`Chemical Society (1993).
`Milligan, G., et al., “G16 as a universal G protein adapter:
`implications for agonist screening strategies,” Trend Pharm.
`Sci. 17:235—237, Elsevier Science Ltd. (1996).
`
`THERMO FISHER EX. 1027
`
`
`
`US 6,569,631 B1
`Page 3
`
`Nakatani, H., et al., “Temperature—jump Studies on Ben
`Zeneboronic Acid—Serince Protease Interactions,” J. Bio
`chem. 77:905—908, The Japanese Biochemical Society
`(1975).
`Nilsson, B., “Proper and Improper Folding of Proteins in the
`Cellular Environment,” Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 45:607—635,
`Annual RevieWs, Inc. (1991).
`Pace, C.N. and Marshall, H.F., Jr., “A Comparison of the
`Effectiveness of Protein Denaturants for [3—Lactoglobulin
`and Ribonuclease,” Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 199:270—276,
`Academic Press, Inc. (1980).
`Pakula, AA, “A Genetic and Biochemical Analysis of the
`Bacteriophage )L Cro Protein,” Doctoral Thesis, Department
`of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1988).
`Pakula, AA. and Sauer, R.T., “Genetic Analysis of Protein
`Stability and Function,” Annu. Rev. Genet. 23:289—310,
`Annual RevieWs Inc. (1989).
`Pakula, AA. and Sauer, R.T., “Amino Acid Substitutions
`That Increase the Thermal Stability of the )L Cro Protein,”
`Proteins: Struct. F unct. Genet. 5 :202—210, Alan R. Liss, Inc.
`(1989).
`Pan, P., “[3—Site Covalent Reactions Trigger Transitions
`betWeen Open and Closed Conformations of the Tryptophan
`Synthase BienZyme Comples,” Biochem 35:5002—5013
`American Chemical Society (1996).
`Pantoliano, M.W., et al., “Multivalent Ligand—Receptor
`Binding Interactions in the Fibroblast GroWth Factor System
`Produce a Cooperative GroWth Factor and Heparin Mecha
`nism
`for
`Receptor
`DimeriZation,”
`Biochem.
`33:10229—10248, American Chemical Society (1994).
`Pennisi, E., “Laboratory Workhorse Decoded,” Science
`277.'1432—1434, American Association for the Advance
`ment of Science (Sep. 1997).
`Qasba, PK. and Kumar, S., Molecular Divergence of
`LysoZymes and ot—Lactalbumi Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol.
`Biol. 32:255—306, CRC Press LLC (Dec. 1997).
`Ramm, P., “Imaging systems in assay screening,” Drug
`Disc. Today 4.'401—410, Elsevier Science Ltd. (Sep. 1999).
`Ramsay, G. and Eftink, M.R., “A Multidimensional Spec
`torphotometer for Monito Thermal Unfolding Transitions of
`Macromolecules,” Biophys. J. 31:516—523, The Biophysical
`Society (1994).
`Randall, L.L., “Peptide Binding by Chaperone SecB: Impli
`cations for Recognition of Nonnative Structure,” Science
`25 7.'241—245, American Association for the Advancement
`of Science (1992).
`Rosengart, T.K., et al., “Heparin Protects Heparin—Binding
`GroWth Factor—I from Proteolytic Inactivation In Vitro,”
`Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 152.'432—440, Academic
`Press, Inc. (1988).
`RoWen, L., et al., “Sequencing the Human Genome,” Sci
`ence 278:605—607, American Association for the Advance
`ment of Science (Oct. 1997).
`Sackett, D.L., et al., “Local Unfolding and the StepWise
`Loss of the Functional Properties of Tubulin,” Biochem.
`33:12868—12878, American Chemical Society (1994).
`Tanigaki, N., et al., “Unfolding HLA Class I 0t Chains and
`Their Use in an Assay of HLA Class—I—Peptide Binding,”
`Hum. Immunol. 36:119—127, Elsevier Science (1993).
`Tapparelli, C., et al., “In Vitro and In Vivo CharacteriZation
`of a Neutral Boron—containing Thrombin Inhibitor,” J. Biol.
`Chem. 268.'4734—4741, American Society for Biochemistry
`and Molecular Biology, Inc. (1993).
`
`Tatusov, R.L., et al., “A Genomic Perspective on Protein
`Families,” Science 278.'631—637, American Association for
`the Advancement of Science (Oct. 1997).
`Tong, L., et al., “Conserved mode of peptidomimetic inhi
`bition and substrate recognition of human cytomegalovirus
`protease,” Nature Structural Biol. 5.'819—826, Nature Pub
`lishing Co. (Sep. 1989).
`Vijayalakshim, J., et al., “The isomorphous structures of
`prethrombin2, hirugen—and PPACK—thrombin: Changes
`accompanying activation and eXosite binding to thrombin,”
`Protein Sci. 3:2254—2271, Cambridge University Press
`(1994).
`Volkin, DB. and Klibanov, A.M., “Mechanism of Ther
`moinactivation of ImmobiliZed Glucose Isomerase,” Bio
`tech. Bioengin. 33:1104—1111, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
`(1989).
`Volkin, D.B., et al., “Sucralfate and soluble sucrose octa
`sulfate bind and stabiliZe acidic ?broblast groWth factor,”
`Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1203:18—26, Elsevier Science Pub
`lishers B.V. (1993).
`Waring, M.J., “Stabilization of TWo—Stranded Ribo
`homopolymer Helices
`and DestabiliZation
`of
`a
`Three—Stranded HeliX by Ethidium Bromide,” Biochem. J.
`143:483—486, The Biochemical Society (1974).
`Wiseman, T., et al., “Rapid Measurement of Binding Con
`stants and Heats of Binding Using a NeW Titration Calo
`rimeter,”Anal. Biochem. 179.'131—137, Academic Press Inc.
`(1989).
`BagshaW, CR. and Harris, D.A., “Chapter 4. Measurement
`of Ligand Binding to Proteins,” in Spectrophotometry &
`spectro?uorimetry: a practical approach, Bashford, CL.
`and Harris, D.A., Eds., IRL Press, Washington, DC, pp.
`91—113 (1987).
`Barcelo, F., et al., “A Scanning Calorimetric Study of
`Natural DNA and Antitumoral Anthracycline Antibiot
`ic—DNA
`Complexes,”
`Chem.—Biol.
`Interactions
`74:315—324, Elsevier Scienti?c Publishers Ireland Ltd.
`(1990).
`Becktel. W.J., et al., “Protein Stability Curves,” Biopolymers
`26:1859—1877, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1987).
`Belevitch, G.V., et al., “Calcium antagonists, riodipin,
`niphedipine and verapamil, binding to model and biological
`membranes; ?uorescence analysis,” Biologicheskie Mem
`brany 5.'768—776, Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk (1988).
`Bell, J.E., “Chapter 4. Fluorescence; Solution Studies,” in
`Spectrometry in Biochemistry, vol. I, Bell, J.E., ed., CRC
`Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, pp. 155—194 (1981).
`Bone, R., et al., “Inhibition of Thymidine Kinase by
`P1—(Adenosine—5‘)—P5—(thymidine—5‘)—pentaphosphate,” J.
`Biol. Chem. 261:5731—5735, The American Society of Bio
`logical Chemists, Inc. (1986).
`Bouvier, M. and Wiley, D.C., “Importance of Peptide Amino
`and CarboXyl Termini to the Stability of MHC Class I
`Molecules,” Science 265.'398—402, American Association
`for the Advancement of Science (1994).
`Brand, L. and Gohlke, J .R., “Fluorescence Probes for Struc
`ture,”Ann. Rev. Biochem. 41.'843—868, Annual RevieWs Inc.
`(1972).
`Brandts, J .F. and Lin. L.—N., “Study of Strong to Ultratight
`Protein Interactions Using Differential Scanning Calorim
`etry,” Biochem. 29:6927—6940, American Chemical Society
`(1990).
`
`THERMO FISHER EX. 1027
`
`
`
`US 6,569,631 B1
`Page 4
`
`Brandts, J .F., et al., “An instrument for rapid determination
`of binding constants for biomolecules,”Am. Lab. 22.'30—41,
`International Scienti?c Communications, Inc. (1990).
`Buchner, J ., et al., “Alternatively Folded States of an Immu
`noglobulin,” Biochem. 30:6922—6929, American Chemical
`Society (1991).
`Burke, C.J., et al., “Effect of Polyanions on the Unfolding of
`Acidic Fibroblast GroWth Factor,” Biochem. 32:6419—6426,
`American Chemical Society (1993).
`Butour, J .—L., et al., “Effect of the amine non—leaving group
`on the structure and stability of DNA complexes With
`cis—[Pt(R—NH2)2(NO3)2],” Eur J. Biochem. 202.'975—980,
`Springer International (1991).
`Chavan, A.J., et al., “Interaction of Nucelotides With Acidic
`Fibroblast
`GroWth
`Factor
`(FGF—1),”
`Biochem.
`33:7193—7202, American Chemical Society (1994).
`Clegg, R.M., et al., “Observing the helical geometry of
`double—stranded DNA in solution by ?uorescence resonance
`energy transfer,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:2994—2998,
`The National Academy of Sciences of the USA (1993).
`Copeland, RA, et al., “The Structure of Human Acidic
`Fibroblast GroWth Factor and Its Interaction With Heparin,”
`Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 289.'53—61, Academic Press, Inc.
`(1991).
`Cox, M.J. and Weber, P.C., “An Investigation of Protein
`CrystalliZation Parameters Using Successive Automated
`Grid Searches (SAGS),” J. Crystal Growth 90:318—324,
`Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (1988).
`DarZynkieWicZ, Z., et al., “DNA Denaturation In Situ: Effect
`of Divalent Cations and Alcohols,” J. Cell Biol. 68.'1—10,
`The Rockefeller University Press (1976).
`Davidson, A.R., et al., “Cooperatively folded proteins in
`random sequence libraries,” Nature Struct. Biol. 2.'856—864,
`Macmillan Magazines Ltd. (Oct. 1995).
`DiWu, Z., et al., “Fluorescent Molecular Probes II. The
`Synthesis, Spectral Properties and Use Fluorescent Solva
`tochromic DapoxylTM Dyes,” Photochem. Photobiol.
`66.'424—431, American Society Photobiology (Oct. 1997).
`Draper, DE. and Gluick, T.C., “Melting Studies of RNA
`Unfolding and RNA—Ligand Interactions,” Meth. Enzymol.
`259.'281—305, Academic Press, Inc. (Sep. 1995).
`Eftink, M.R., “The Use of Fluorescent Method to Monitor
`Unfolding Transitions in Proteins,” Biophys. J. 66:482—501,
`Biophysical Society (1994).
`ElWell, M. and Schellman, J ., “Phage T4 LysoZyme Physical
`Propeties and Reversible Unfolding,” Biochim. Biophys.
`Acta 386:309—323, Elsevier Scienti?c Publishing Company,
`Amsterdam (1975).
`ElWell, M.L. and Schellman, J .A., “Stability of Phage T4
`LysoZymes. I. Native Properties and Thermal Stability of
`Wild Type and TWo Mutants LysoZymes,” Biochim. Bio
`phys. Acta 494.'367—383, Elsevier/North—Holland Biomedi
`cal Press (1977).
`Eriksson, A.E., et al., “Similar Hydrophobic Replacements
`of Leu99 and Phe153 Within the Core of T4 LysoZyme Have
`Different Structural and Thermodynamic Consequences,” J.
`Mol. Biol. 229.'747—769, Academic Press Ltd. (1993).
`Freire, E., “Thermal Denaturation Methods in the Study of
`Protein Folding,” Meth. Enzymol. 259.'144—168, Academic
`Press, Inc. (1995).
`Fukada, H., “Calorimetry of the Ligand Binding to Pro
`teins,” Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 33.'328—336, Kyoritsu
`Shuppan Co. Ltd. (1988).
`
`Gordon, E.M., et al., “Applications of Combinatorial Tech
`nologies to Drug Discovery. 2. Combinatorial Organic Syn
`thesis, Library Screening Strategies, and Future Directions,”
`J. Med. Chem. 37.'1385—1401, American Chemical Society
`(1994).
`Green, S.N., et al., “Roles of Metal Ions in the Maintenance
`of the Tertiary and Quaternary Structure of Arginase from
`Saccharomyces
`cerevisiae, ”
`J.
`Biol.
`Chem.
`266:21474—21481, American Society for Biochemistry and
`Molecular Biology (1991).
`Hanna, M. and SZostak, J .W., Supression of mutations in the
`core of the Tetrahymena riboZyme spermidine, ethanol and
`by substrate stabiliZation, Nucl. Acids Res. 22.'5326—5331
`Oxford University Press (1994).
`Hei, DJ. and Clark, D.S., “Estimation of Melting Curves
`From EnZymatic Activity—Temperature Pro?les,” Biotech
`nol. Bioeng. 42.'1245—1251, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1993).
`Hofmann, A., et al., “A Sparse Matrix Screen to Establish
`Initial Conditions for Protein Renaturation,”Anal. Biochem.
`230:8—15, Academic Press, Inc. (1995).
`Hutton, J .R., “Renaturation kinetics and thermal stability of
`DNA in aqueous solutions of formamide and urea,” Nucl.
`Acids Res. 4.'3537—3555, Oxford University Press (1977).
`Iida, K., “Structure and biological activity of complement
`receptors CR1, CR2 and CR3,” Seikagaku 58:1471—1474,
`Nihon Seikagakkai (1986).
`Jensen, DE, and von Hippel, P.H., “DNA ‘Melting’ Pro
`teins: I. Effects of Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease binding
`on the conformation and stability of DNA,” J. Biol. Chem.
`251.'7198—7214, American Society of Biological Chemists,
`Inc. (1976).
`Johnson, C.M., et al., “Differential Scanning Calorimetry of
`Thermal Unfolding of the Methionine Repressor Protein
`(MetJ) from Escherichia coli,” Biochem. 31:9717—9724,
`American Chemical Society (1992).
`Kogtev, L.S., et al., “Use of ?uorescein—labeled lipid probes
`for analyZing Substance P and its derivatives binding to the
`rat brain tachykinin receptors,” Biologicheskie Membrany
`6.'34—41, Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk (1989).
`Kuroki, R. and Inaka, K., “Stabilization of a Protein by
`Constructing a Ligand Binding Site,” Tanpakushitsu Kaku
`san Koso 37:314—321, Kyoritsu Shuppan Co. Ltd. (1992).
`KuWajima, K., “Kinetic pathWay of globular—protein fold
`ing,” Seikagaka 62.'117—121, Nihon Seikagakkai (1990).
`Lapadat, MA. and Spremulli, L.L., “Effect of Guanine
`Nucleotides on the Conformation and Stability of Chloro
`plast Elongation Factor Tu,”J. Biol. Chem. 264.'5510—5514,
`American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
`Inc. (1989).
`Lee, M., et al., “In Vitro Cytotoxicity of GC Sequence
`Directed Alkylating Agents Related to Distamycin,”J. Med.
`Chem. 36:863—870, American Chemical Society (1993).
`Lennick, M., et al., “Changes in Protein Conformation and
`Stability Accompany Complex Formation BetWeen Human
`C1 Inhibitor and Cls,” Biochem. 24.'2561—2568, American
`Chemical Society (1985).
`Lin, L.—N., et al., “Calorimetric Studies of Serum Transfer
`rin and Ovotransferrin. Estimates of Domain Interactions,
`and Study of the Kinetic Complexities of Ferric Ion Bind
`ing,” Biochem. 33:1881—1888, American Chemical Society
`(1994).
`
`THERMO FISHER EX. 1027
`
`
`
`US 6,569,631 B1
`Page 5
`
`Ma, C.—Y. and HarWalkar, V.R., “Effects of Medium and
`Chemical Modi?cation on Thermal Characteristics of B—lac
`toglobulin,” J. T hermalAnalysis 47.'1513—1525, John Wiley
`& Sons, Ltd. (Jan. 1996).
`Manevich, E.M., et al., “The binding of the B—chain of ricin
`to Burkitt lymphoma cells,” FEBS Lett. 194:313—316,
`Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (1986).
`Markovic—Housley, Z. and Garavito, R.M., “Effect of tem
`perature and loW pH on structure and stability of matrix
`porin and micellar detergent solutions,” Biochim. Biophys.
`Acta 869.'158—170, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (1986).
`Merabet, E.K., et al., “Differential scanning calorimetric
`study of 5—enolpyruvoyl shikimate—3—phosphate synthase
`and its complexes With shikimate—3—phosphate and gly
`phosphate: irreversible thermal transitions,” Biochim. Bio
`phys. Acta 1161:272—278, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
`(1993).
`Molotskovskaya, I.M., et al., “The concaval in A binding to
`the plasma membranes of young and old mouse lympho
`cytes: a ?uorescent probe study,” Biologicheskie Membrany
`9.'32—39, Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk (1991).
`Molotkovskaya, I.M., et al., “Immunosuppressive activity of
`glycosphingolipids: a study of the interaction of interleu
`kin—2 With gangliosides using cells and model systems,”
`Biologicheskie Membrany 9.'143—151, Rossiiskaya Aka
`demiya Nauk (1992).
`Morton, A., et al., “Energetic Origins of Speci?city of
`Ligand Binding in an Interior Nonpolar Cavity of T4
`Lysozyme,” Biochem. 34:8564—8575, American Chemical
`Society (1995).
`Muriana, F.J.G., et al., “Further thermal characterization of
`an asparatate aminotransferase from a halophilic organ
`isms,” Biochem. J. 298.'465—470, The Biochemical Society,
`London (1994).
`Murray—Brelier, A. and Goldberg, M.E., “A physicalchemi
`cal and immunological comparison shoWs that native and
`renatured Escherichia coli tryptophan synthase [32 subunits
`are identical,” Biochimie 71.'533—543, Editions Scienti?que
`Medicales Elsevier (1989).
`Otto, A. and Seckler, R., “Characterization, stability and
`refolding of recombinant hirudin,” Eur J. Biochem.
`202.'67—73, Springer International (1991).
`Pace, C.N. and Grimsley, G.R., “Ribonuclease T1 Is Stabi
`lized by Cation and Anion Binding,” Biochem
`27:3242—3246, American Chemical Society (1988).
`Pantoliano, M.W., “Automated Receptor Screening By
`Thermal Physical Assays,” Department of Health and
`Human Services Small Business Research Program Phase I
`Grant Application (1995).
`Pantoliano, M.W., “Automated Receptor Screening By
`Thermal Physical Assays,” Department of Health and
`Human Servies Small Business Research Program Phase II
`Grant Application (1996).
`Pantoliano, M.W., “A Miniaturized Thermal Shift Assay
`Technology for Directly Evaluating Targets Derived from
`Genomics,” poster presented at the Society For Biomolecu
`lar Screening Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD (Sep. 1998).
`Petrella, E., “A Miniaturized Thermal Shift Assay Technol
`ogy for Directly Evaluating Targets Derived from Genom
`ics,” poster presented at the Society For Biomolecular
`Screening Annual Meeting, Edinburgh, Scotland (Sep.
`1999).
`
`Pilch, D.S. et al., “Characterization of a Triple Helix—Spe
`ci?c Ligand: BePI {3—methoxy—7H—8—methyl—11—[3‘—ami
`no)propylamino]benzo[e]pyrido[4,3—b]indole} Intercalates
`into Both Double—helical and Triple—helical DNA,” J. Mol.
`Biol. 232.'926—946, Academic Press Ltd (1993).
`Pilch, DS and Breslauer, K.J., “Ligand—induced formation
`of nucleic acid triple helices,” Pro Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
`91:9332—9336, The National Academy of Sciences of the
`USA (1994).
`Porschke, D. and Jung, M., “Stability decrease of RNA
`double helices by phenylalanin—, tyrosine—and tryptopha
`ne—amides. Analysis in terms of site binding and relation to
`melting proteins,” Nucl. Acids Res. 10.'6163—6176, Oxford
`University Press (1982).
`Porter, P.N., et al., “Stabilization of SV40 transformed
`human ?broblast cytoplasmic thymidine kinase by ATP,”
`Mol. Cell. Biochem. 35.'59—64, Martinus Nijhoff/Dr. W. Junk
`Publishers b.v. (1980).
`Privalov, P.L., “Thermal Investigations of Biopolymer Solu
`tions and Scanning Microcalorimetry,” FEBS Lett.
`40(Suppl.):S140—S153, North—Holland Publishing Com
`pany (1974).
`Rakhamininova, A.B., et al., “Model for auxin receptor,”
`Biokhimiya 43.'806—823, Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk
`(1978).
`Rakhaminov, A.B., et al., “Construction of a model of the
`auxin receptor,” Biorak 43:639—653, Plenum Publishing
`Corporation (1978).
`Ramalingam, K., et al., “Conformational Studies of Anionic
`Melittin Analogues: Effect of Peptide Concentration, pH,
`Ionic Strength, and Temperature—Models for Protein Fold
`ing and Halophilic Proteins,” Biopolymers 32:981—992,
`John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1992).
`Roy, K.B., et al., “Hairpin and Duplex Forms of a Self
`Complementary Dodecamer, d—AGATCTAGATCT, and
`Interaction of the Duplex Form With the Peptide KGWGK:
`Can a Pentapeptide Destabilize DNA?,” Biochem
`31:6241—6245, American Chemical Society (1992).
`Sagar, S.L. and Domach, M.M., “Thermostability of Drifted
`Oligomeric, Reduced and Refolded Proteins,” Chapter 5 in:
`ACS Symposium Series: Protein Refola'ing, Georgiou, G.
`and De Bernardez—Clark, E., Eds., American Chemical
`Society, publ., pp. 64—78, American Chemical Society
`(1991).
`Schellman, J. A., “Macromolecular Binding,” Biopolymers
`14.'999—1018, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1975).
`Schellman, J.A., “The Effect of Binding on the Melting
`Temperature of Biopolymers,” Biopolymers 15.'999—1000,
`John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1976).
`Schellman, J.A., “The Thermodynamic Stability of Pro
`teins,” Ann. Rev. Biophys. Chem. 16:115—137, Annual
`RevieWs Inc. (1987).
`Schellman, J.A., “Fluctuation and Linkage Relations in
`Macromolecular Solution,” Biopolymers 29.'215—224, John
`Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1990).
`Schellman, J.A., “A simple model for solvation in mixed
`solvents. Applications to the stabilization and destabilization
`of
`macromolecular
`structures,”
`Biophys.
`Chem.
`37:121—140, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (1990).
`Schellman, J .A., “The relation betWeen the free energy of
`interaction and binding,” Biophys. Chem. 45:273—279,
`Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (1993).
`
`THERMO FISHER EX. 1027
`
`
`
`US 6,569,631 B1
`Page 6
`
`Schellman, J .A., “The Thermodynamics of Solvent
`Exchange,” Biopolymers 34:1015—1026, John Wiley &
`Sons, Inc. (1994).
`SchWarZ, F.P., et al., “Thermodynamics of the Binding of
`Galactopyranoside Derivatives to the Basic Lectin from
`Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetrogonolobus),” J. Biol.
`Chem. 266:24344—24350, American Society for Biochem
`istry and Molecular Biology, Inc. (1991).
`Shchyolkina, A.K., et al., “The R—Form of DNA Does
`Exist,” FEBS Lett. 339:113—118, Elsevier Science Publsi
`hers B.V. (1994).
`Shrake, A., et al., “Partial Unfolding of Dodecameric
`Glutamine Synthetase from Escherichia coli Temperature
`—Induced, Reversible Transitions of TWo Domains,” Bio
`chem. 28:6281—6294, American Chemical Society (1989).
`Smirnov, O.N., et al., “Study on the Interaction of the
`cholera toxin and its B—subunit With liposomes containing
`ganglioside GM1 and ?uorescent—labeled gangliosides,”
`Biologicheskie Membrany 12:174—184, Rossiiskaya Aka
`demiya Nauk (1995).
`Sominsky, V. N., et al., “Using a ?uorescent probe for
`investigating B—adrenoreceptive fun of human erythro
`cytes,” Bio?zika 30.'642—645, Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk
`(1985).
`Surin, A.M., et al., “A study of the interaction of cholera
`toxin B—subunit With liposomes containing ganglioside
`GM1 and ?uorescein—labeled lipids,” Biologicheskie Mem
`brany 9.'495—508, Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk (1992).
`Tachibana, H., et al., “Relationship betWeen the Optimal
`Temperature for Oxidative Refolding and the Thermal Sta
`bility of Refolded State of Hen LysoZyme Three—Disul?de
`Derivatives,” Biochem. 33:15008—15016, American Chemi
`cal Society (1994).
`Takahashi, N., “Cyclophiin and FJ506—binding protein,”
`Seikagaku 64.'325—331, Nihon Seikagakkai (1992).
`Timasheff, SN. and ArakaWa, T. “StabiliZations of protein
`structure of solvents,” Chapter 14 in Protein Structure, a
`practical approach, Creighton, T.E., Ed., IRL Press, Oxford,
`England, pp. 331—345 (1994).
`Timofeev, A.A., et al., “Ispol’Zovanie spektral’nykh khar
`akteristik riodipina dlia iZucheniia digidropirinin—retseptor
`nogo kompleksa neironal’nykh membran (The use of spec
`tral characterisitics of ryodipine for the study of
`dihydropiridin receptor complex in neuronal m