Reactive Surfaces Ltd. LLP
`Ex. 1040 (Ray Attachment F)
`Reactive Surfaces Ltd. LLP v. Toyota Motor Corp.
`IPR2016-01914
`
`

`

`
`
`Copyright © 1966 by
`REINHOLD PUBLISHING CORPORATION
`
`
`All rights reserved
`Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 66-28519
`
`
`Original Copyright
`1919, 1920, 1930
`by
`The CHEMICAL CaTALoG Co., INc.
`
`Copyright 1950, 1956, 1961
`REINHOLD PUBLISHING CORPORATION
`
`
`
`
`Pus
`
`EXE
`
`PER
`
`END PAPER(FRONT):
`Styrene Plant of Monsanto Corp., Texas City
`END PAPER (REAR): Catalytic Reforming Unit
`of Gulf Oil Co., Port Arthur, Tex,
`
`
`
`

`

`Reference numbers refer to name of manufacturer. See “List of Manufacturers,” page v.
`
`insoluble in
`slightly soluble in alcohol;
`in ether;
`water, M.p. 75.4°C; sp. gr. 0.8240 (100/4°C); b.p.
`205°C (1 mm), 328°C (760 mm) (decomposes); re.
`fractive index 1.4250 (100°C).
`Derivation: From peanut oil.
`Grades: Technical; 99%.
`lubricating greases, waxes,
`Uses: Organic synthesis;
`and plastics; biochemical research.
`arachidonic acid (5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid).
`CH3(CH2)4(CH:CHCH2)4(CHs)seCOOH. A Coo un-
`saturated fatty acid.
`It
`is considered essential for
`good health.
`Properties:
`Liquid; m.p.
`333.50.
`lecithin.
`Source: Liver; brain;
`Grade: 99% methyl ester.
`Uses: Medicine; biochemical research.
`arachidyl aleohol
`(1-eicosanol) CH3(CHe)isCHoOH,
`A long-chain saturated fatty alcohol, much like
`Stearyl alcohol.
`Properties: M.p. 71°C; b.p. 220°C GB mm).
`Derivation: Reduction of arachidic acid.
`Grades: Technical; 99%,
`Containers: Up to tankcars.
`textiles; research.
`Uses: Lubricants, rubber, plastics,
`arachin (arachine). A protein from peanut, a globulin
`containing the following amino acids in representable
`amounts:
`arginine,
`histidine,
`lysine,
`cystine.
`A
`yellow green syrup. Soluble in water and alcohol;
`insoluble in ether.
`arachine. See arachin.
`arachis oil. See peanut.
`“Aralen” Phosphate. 162. Trademark for chloroquine
`phosphate.
`aralia (spikenard; spignet), Dried rhizome and roots
`of perennial herb, Aralia racemosa.
`Occurrence: Northeastern United States.
`Use: Medicine.
`“Aramite.” 248 Trademark for 2-(para-tert-butylphe-
`noxy) isopropy! 2-chloroethyl sulfite
`(CH3)3CCgH,OCH2CH(CH3)0SOOCoH,Cl.
`Properties: Clear light colored oil; sp. gr. 1.148-1.152
`(20°C); b.p. 175°C (0.1 mm); very soluble in com-
`mon organic
`solvents;
`insoluble
`in water; non-
`corrosive.
`(0% min.);
`Grades: Technical
`emulsifiable concentrates; dusts.
`Uses: As an acaricide on a wide variety of non-
`edible crops and ornamentals,
`Hazards! Harmful
`if absorbed through the skin or
`ingested. Do not get
`in eyes; avoid contact with
`skin or clothing; store in cool, dry place.
`“Aranox.” 248 Trademark for para-(para-tolylsulfonyl-
`amido )-diphenylamine,
`CH3CeHsSO2.NHCgHyNHCgH;5.
`Properties: Grey powder; sp. gr. 1.32; m.p. 135°C
`min;
`soluble
`in acetone, benzene
`and ethylene
`dichloride;
`insoluble in gasoline and cold water;
`slightly soluble in hot water or hot alkaline solu-
`tions which extract it from thin rubber sheets after
`considerable exposure.
`Uses: Antioxidant
`for balloon fabrics, proofing,
`clothing and light-colored sundries,
`“Aranthol.” 9 Trademark for methamoctol.
`
`AQUAZINC
`
`the effects of sunlight, mildew, and most industrial
`fumes.
`
`“Aquazine.” 355 Trademark for an aqueous dispersion
`of zinc stearate containing a wetting agent and
`designed to replace powdered zinc stearate for many
`applications
`in order
`to eliminate the dust,
`fire
`hazard, and other difficulties encountered with the
`dry material.
`It will volatilize at or below 100°C.
`Uses:
`In manufacture of butyl rubber, neoprene ad-
`hesives, various types of rubber latex and molded
`goods.
`“Aquet.” 204 Trademark for a product used to raise
`the pH of swimming pool water.
`Ar Symbol for argon; official since 1957.
`for
`“AR.” 329° Trademark for
`chemical products
`laboratory and industrial use which are specially
`produced and controlled to meet critical purity and
`uniformity requirements.
`the
`term for acacia gum,
`arabic gum. A commercial
`dried gummy exudate from the stems of Acacia
`Senegal or related African species of Acacia.
`Properties: Thin flakes, powder, granules or angular
`fragments; color white to yellowish white, almost
`odorless, and have a mucilaginous taste. Completely
`soluble in hot and cold water, yielding a viscous
`solution of mucilage;
`insoluble in alcohol. The
`aqueous solution is acid to litmus.
`Composition: A carbohydrate polymer, complex and
`highly branched; molecular weight,
`250,000
`to
`300,000. The central core or nucleus is D-galactose
`and D-glucuronic acid (actually the calcium, mag-
`nesium, and potassium salts), to which are attached
`sugars such as L-arabinose and L-rhamnose.
`Grades: U.S.P. XVII; F.C.C. (both grades as acacia);
`a great many varieties named according to color
`and source, as Senegal, Kordofan, Morocco, Cape,
`Aden, suakin, white Senaar.
`Containers: Bags; multiwall paper sacks; barrels,
`Uses: Pharmaceuticals; adhesives;
`inks;
`textile print-
`ing; cosmetics;
`food preparation;
`in general, as a
`thickening agent and colloidal stabilizer,
`Shipping regulations: None.“
`arabinogalactan. A water-soluble polysaccharide ex-
`tracted from timber of the western larch trees.
`It is
`a complex highly branched polymer of arabinose
`and galactosé in the molecular weight range 72,000-
`92,000.
`readily
`tan colored powder;
`light
`Properties: Dry,
`soluble in hot and cold water; both powder and
`solutions relatively stable.
`Uses: Dispersing and emulsifying agent; lithographic
`field. See “STRactan.”
`
`arabinose (pectin sugar; gum sugar) CsHi905. Both
`the D- and L-stereoisomers occur naturally. L-Arab-
`inose
`is common in vegetable gums,
`especially
`arabic.
`Soluble
`in water and
`Properties: White crystals.
`and ether.
`glycerin;
`insoluble
`in
`alcohol
`M.p.
`158.5°C; sp. gr. 1.585 (20/4°C).
`Uses: Medicine; as a culture medium.
`Commercially available as D- and L-arabinose.
`arachidic acid (eicosanoic acid) CH3(CH2),3sCOOH.
`A widely distributed but minor component of the
`fats of peanut oils and related plant species.
`Properties: Shining, white, crystalline leaflets. Soluble
`
`—49.5°C;
`
`iodine value
`
`wettable powder;
`
`*See “Shipping Regulations,” page xv.
`
`

`

`BEHENAMIDE
`
`104
`
`behenamide Cy;Hy3CONHg. Solid; m.p. 97-108°C,
`behenic acid (docosanoic acid) CH3(CHa)2oCOOH. A
`saturated fatty acid found as a minor component of
`the oils of the type of peanut and rapeseed,
`Properties: M.p. 80.0°C; b.p. 306°C (60 mm), 265°C
`(15 mm); sp. gr. 0.8221 (100/4°C); refractive index
`1.4270 (100°C).
`Derivation: Peanut oil; occurs in ben oil, hydro-
`genated mustard oil and rapeseed oil,
`Grades: Technical; 99%,
`Uses: Cosmetics; waxes: plasticizers; chemicals; stabi-
`lizers,
`
`Inert; com-
`behenone C2.Hy,O. An aliphatic ketone.
`patible with high-melting waxes, fatty acids.
`Insolu-
`ble in water.
`
`behenyl alcohol (1-docosanol) CH3(CHe)epCHoOH. A
`long chain, saturated fatty alcohol, muchlike stearyl
`alcohol,
`Properties: M.p. 71°C; b.p. 180°C (0.22 mm).
`Derivation: Reduction of behenic acid with lithium
`aluminum hydride as catalyst.
`Grades: Technical; 99%,
`Uses: Synthetic fibers;
`lubricants.
`BEK. See butyl ethyl ketene.
`belladonna (deadly nightshade; banewort). An herba-
`ceous perennial bush (Atropa belladonna) of which
`the leaves and roots are used for their content of
`hyoscyamine and atropine. Poisonous!
`Occurrence:
`Southern and central Europe; Asia
`Minor, Algeria; cultivated in North America, Eng-
`land, France.
`Grades: Belladonna leaf, U.S.P. XVI; belladonna
`root.
`
`benactyzine hydrochloride (2-diethylaminoethy] benz
`late hydrochloride)
`(CeHs)eCOHCOO(CHa)eN(CoH5)o'HCl.
`Grade: N.D.
`Use: Medicine.
`“Benadryl.” 330 Trademark for diphenhydramine hydro
`chloride.
`“Ben-A-Gel.” 30! Trademark for highly beneficiateg
`hydrous magnesium silicate for AQUEOUS systems:
`Used for
`thickening or gelling water systems, oy
`aS a suspension agent, and an emulsion Stabilize
`in oil-in-water emulsions.
`“Ben-A-Gel” EW. Used with low shear incorporation
`equipment,
`“Benax.” 233 Trademark for a line of surfactants,
`“Benax” 2A1. Dodecyldiphenyl ether disulfonic acid
`sodium salt. An anionic surface-active agent. Avail.
`able as a 45% active solution and a light-colored,
`free-flowing 90% active powder,
`“Benax” 2A0. Dodecyldiphenyl ether disulfonic acid:
`Available as a 40% active solution.
`bench gas. See coal gas.
`3-Benzyl-3,4.
`bendroflumethiazide CysH14F3N304S8o.
`dihydro-6-(trifluoromethy!)-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine:
`7-sulfonamide, 1,1-dioxide.
`Properties: White
`crystalline solid;
`faint
`rose-like
`odor; m.p. 216-218°C.
`Insoluble in water and acid:
`soluble in dilute alkali.
`Grade: Pharmaceutical.
`Use: Medicine.
`
`Reference numbers refer to name of manufacturer. See “List of Manufacturers,” page v.
`
`Containers: Boxes; bales,
`Use: Medicine.
`Shipping regulations: None.”
`bell metal.
`is
`It
`An alloy used for casting bells.
`generally composed of about 80% copper and 20%
`tin.
`It often contains small amounts of lead and
`zinc. Sp. gr. 8.7; m.p. about 890°C.
`bemberg. A cuprammonium rayon fiber.
`bemegride (3,3-methylethylglutarimide; 3-ethyl-3-methyl-
`glutarimide; methetharimide) CsHi3NOg.
`Properties: White powder; m.p. 127°C. Sublimes at
`100°C and 2 mm pressure. Soluble in water and
`alcohol.
`Grade: U.S.P. XVII.
`Use: Medicine.
`
`“Bemol,” 456 Trademark for a series of solid lubri-
`cants
`for extreme temperature/high vacuum use,
`such as various
`forms of molybdenum disulfide,
`niobium diselenide,
`tungsten disulfide.
`“Bemul.” 345 Trademark for
`a nontoxic, practically
`odorless emulsifying agent;
`a pure white, edible
`glycerol monostearate in bead form; m.p. 58-59°C;
`completely dispersible
`in hot water;
`completely
`soluble in alcohols and hot hydrocarbons.
`Uses:
`In the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, cos-
`“metics, and foodstuffs; as a protective coating for
`edible hygroscopic powders, tablets, and crystals; as
`a pour-point depressant for lubricating oils; and in
`textile sizes; etc.
`
`Benedict solution. A water solution of sodium car:
`bonate, copper sulfate and sodiumcitrate. The blue
`color changes to a red, orange, or yellow precipi:
`tate or suspension in the presence of a reducing
`sugar such as glucose, and is therefore used in test--
`ing for such materials, especially for urinalysis in
`the treatment of diabetes. See Fehling’s solution.
`benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-alpha, alpha, alpha-trifluoro-
`2,6-dinitro-para-toluidine) CgHa(NO2)eCF3NCgH44.
`Properties: Yellow-orange solid; m.p. 65-66.5°C: b.p.
`121-122°C (0.5 mm).
`Slightly soluble in water:
`readily soluble in acetone and xylene.
`Use: Herbicide.
`“Benemid.” 123° Trademark for probenecid; used in-
`medicine.
`
`Bengal gelatin. See agar.
`Bengal isinglass. See agar.
`Bengal
`lights. A mixture of realgar or arsenic disul
`fide, synthetic, potassium nitrate and sulfur, used in
`pyrotechnics to make blue light.
`Benjamin gum. See benzoin gum, Siam, and b:nzoitt
`gum, Sumatra.
`benne oil. See sesame oil.
`“Benodaine.” 123 Trademark for piperoxan hydrochlo-
`ride.
`
`ben oil. A non-drying oil obtained from the seeds of
`Moringa oleifera.
`Uses: Food;
`iubricant for delicate machinery; per-
`fumery; pharmaceuticals.
`benoxinate hydrochloride
`CH3(CH2)30CgH3(NH2)COo(CH2)9N(C2Hs)2"HCl.
`beta-Diethylaminoethyl-4-amino-3-n-butoxybenzoate
`hydrochloride.
`
`*See “Shipping Regulations,” page xv.
`
`

`

`CHLORPHENTERMINE HYDROCHLORIDE 222
`
`esterified
`are found
`
`acetate.
`the precu
`provitami
`stituent a
`partly be
`sclerosis.
`Properties:
`pearly gr
`148.5°C;
`levorotato
`insoluble
`ble in t
`aqueous
`
`aftertast
`cipitated
`acid, ac
`form; p
`Derivatio:
`in bile;
`
`insoluble in
`
`Grade:
`
`Properties: Crystals; m.p. 128°C; soluble in water.
`Use: Medicine.
`chlorphentermine hydrochloride (USAN) (para-chloro-
`alpha, alpha-dimethylphenethylamine hydrochloride)
`CgHa(CDCH2C(CH3)2NH2HCl.
`Properties: White to off-white powder; m.p. 232-
`235°C. Soluble in water; 1% aqueous solution has
`a‘pH of approx. 5.5.
`Use: Medicine.
`chlorpicrin. See chioropicrin.
`chlorpromazine
`(2-chloro-10-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-
`phenothiazine) Cy;Hi9CiNeS.
`Properties: Oily liquid; amine odor; alkaline reac-
`tion; b.p. 200-205°C,
`(0.8 mm).
`Use: Medicine.
`chlorpromazine hydrochloride C,;Hi9CIN2S‘HCl.
`Properties: White or slightly creamy white, odorless,
`crystalline powder. Darkens on prolonged exposure
`to light. Solutions acid to litmus. Soluble in water,
`alcohol, chloroform.
`Insoluble in ether and benzene.
`M.p. 195-198°C.
`Grade: U.S.P. XVII.
`Use: Medicine.
`chlorpropamide 1-(para-chlorobenzenesulfonyl)-3-prop-
`ylurea. Ca3H;NHCONHSOeCgHyCL
`Properties: Crystals, m.p. 127-129°C;
`water; soluble in alcohol.
`Grade: U.S.P. XVIL
`Use: Medicine.
`chlorprophenpyridamine maleate. See chlorpheniramine
`maleate.
`(trans-2-chloro-N,N-dimeth-
`(USAN)
`chlorprothixene
`ylthioxanthenepropylamine) C,gH sCINS.
`Listed
`in N.D.
`Properties: Yellowish crystalline powder; amine-like
`odor. M.p. 98-100.5°C. One gram of chlorpro-
`thixene dissolves in about 25 ml of alcohol or in
`about
`3 ml of chloroform.
`It
`is very slightly
`soluble in water.
`Use: Medicine.
`5,7-
`chlorquinaldol
`(5,7-dichloro-8-hydroxyquinaldine;
`dichloro-2-methyl-8-quinolinol) CH3CgH;N(OH)Cle.
`Properties: Yellow, crystalline,
`tasteless powder with
`a pleasant medicinal odor; m.p. 114°C; soluble in
`alcohol, chloroform; insoluble in water.
`Use: Medicine (bactericide and fungicide).
`chlortetracycline (CTC; chlorotetracycline)
`CopHasCINsOg. An
`antibiotic produced by the
`growth of Streptomyces aureofaciens in submerged
`cultures.
`It has a wide antimicrobial spectrum in-
`cluding many gram-positive and gram-negative bac-
`teria,
`rickettsiae and several viruses,
`Its chemical
`structure is that of a modified naphthacene molecule.
`It is relatively non-toxic,
`Properties: Golden-yellow crystals. M.p. 168-169°C.
`Slightly soluble in water; very soluble in aqueous
`solutions
`above pH 8.5;
`freely soluble
`in
`the
`“Cellosolves;”
`dioxane
`and
`“Carbitol”;
`slightly
`soluble in methanol, ethanol, butanol, acetone, ethyl
`acetate, and benzene;
`insoluble in ether and petro-
`Jeum ether.
`Derivation: By submerged aerobic fermentation,
`tration, solvent extraction, and crystallization.
`Use: Medicine (usually as hydrochloride); feed sup-
`plement; preservative for raw fish.
`
`chlortetracycline hydrochloride CooHo3CINeOs-HC],
`Properties: Odorless, yellow, crystalline powder with
`bitter taste. Stable in air but affected by light. So}.
`uble in water and solutions of alkali hydroxides and
`carbonates;
`slightly soluble in alcohol; practically
`insoluble in acetone, chloroform, dioxane and ether.
`pH (1 in 200 solution) 2.3-3.3.
`Grade: N.F. XI.
`Use: Medicine.
`(3-hydroxy-3-(4-chloro-3-sulf-
`chlorthalidone
`(USAN)
`amylphenyl)phthalimidine) Cy4Hi,CIN2O4S. Listed
`in N.D. Used in medicine.
`“Chlor-Trimeton Maleate.” 321 Trademark for chlor-
`pheniramine maleate.
`chlorzoxazone (5-chloro-2-benzoxazolinone)
`C7H,CINOg. Derivative of zoxazolamine.
`Grades: N.D.
`Use: Medicine.
`chocolate. The product formed by roasting and grind-
`ing fermented dried cacao beans (q.v.). Chocolate
`contains
`about 55% cocoa butter,
`some starch,
`traces of theobromine and tannin. Milk chocolate
`contains 30 to 35% cocoa butter, 12% milk solids
`and also added sugar.
`cholaic acid. See taurocholic acid.
`7-dehydro-
`cholecaleiferol
`(5,7-cholestadien-3beta-ol;
`cholesterol, activated; vitamin Dg) Co7H4,0. A free
`vitamin Ds,
`isolated in crystalline state from the
`3,5-dinitrobenzoate; produced by irradiation and
`equivalent
`in activity to the vitamin Dg of
`tuna
`liver oil.
`crystals. Unstable in
`colorless
`Properties: White
`light and air.
`Insoluble in water. Soluble in alcohol,
`chloroform and fatty oils. Melting range 84-88°C.
`Specific rotation +105 to +112°.
`Grade: U.S.P. XVII; F.C.C.
`Package: Hermetically sealed under nitrogen.
`Use: Medicine, as antirachitic vitamin.
`“Choledyl.” 546 Trademark for oxtriphylline.
`choleic acids. A loose term applied to the complexes
`formed by deoxycholic acid (a bile acid) with fatty
`acids or other lipids, and with a variety of other
`compounds, including such aromatics as phenol and
`naphthalene. These complexes are similar to, and
`have been suggestive of,
`the complexes used in
`separation processes, such as the urea adducts, for
`large scale purification.
`5,7-cholestadien-3beta-ol. See cholecalciferol.
`beta-cholestanol. See dihydrocholesterol.
`§-cholesten-3beta-ol. See cholesterol.
`cholesterin. See cholesterol.
`cholesterol (cholesterin; 5-cholesten-3beta-ol)
`Co7Hy;0H. The most common animal
`monounsaturated, secondary alcohol of
`
`@
`sterol,
`the eyclo-
`
`pentenophenanthrene (4-ring, fused) system. Present
`in animals in part as the free sterol, and in part
`
`fil-
`
`*See “Shipping Regulations,” page Xv.
`Reference numbers refer to name of manufacturer. See “List of Manufacturers,” page V.
`
`

`

`
`
`223 CHOLOGRAFIN METHYLGLUCAMINE
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`fatty acids. Slight amounts
`esterified with higher
`curing agent; control of pH; neutralizing agent;
`solubilizer.
`are found in plants. The primary precursor
`in
`
`biosynthesis appears to be acetic acid or sodium
`Shipping regulations: None.*
`
`acetate. Cholesterol
`itself in the animal system is
`choline base. See choline.
`
`the precursor of bile acids, steroid hormones and
`choline bicarbonate.
`See 2-hydroxyethyltrimethylam-
`
`provitamin Dy. Cholesterol is a universal tissue con-
`monium bicarbonate.
`
`stituent and is the subject of widespread research,
`
`choline bitartrate (C3;H,,NO-C,H5O,).
`partly because of its role as a suspect
`in athero-
`
`Properties: White crystalline powder; odorless or
`sclerosis.
`
`faint
`trimethylamine-like odor;
`acid taste; hygro-
`
`Properties: White, or faintly yellow, almost odorless,
`scopic; soluble in water and alcohol.
`Insoluble in
`
`pearly granules or crystals; affected by light; m.p.
`ether, chloroform and benzene.
`
`148.5°C; b.p. 360°C (dec); sp. gr. 1.067 (20/4°C);
`Grade: F.C.C.
`levorotatory; specific rotation (25°C) —34 to 38°;
`
`Use: Medicine; dietary supplement; nutrient.
`insoluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol; solu-
`
`choline chloride (CH3)3N(CDCH,CH20H. Same bio-
`ble in the usual
`fat solvents, vegetable oils and
`
`logical function as choline.
`aqueous solutions of bile salts.
`
`fishy
`Properties: White crystals; salty, bitter taste;
`Source: Prepared from beef spinal cord by petroleum
`
`odor;
`soluble in water and alcohol;
`insoluble in
`ether extraction of the nonsaponifiable matter; puri-
`
`ether, petroleum ether, benzene, and carbon disul-
`fication by repeated bromination.
`
`fide;
`stable to heat
`in acid solution; unstable in
`Grades: Technical; U.S.P. XVH; S.C.W., standard
`
`alkaline solution; extremely hygroscopic.
`for clinical work.
`
`Source: Same as choline.
`Containers:
`1- and 5-lb glass bottles.
`
`Units: Amounts
`are
`expressed in milligrams of
`Uses: Medicine; emulsifying agent
`in cosmetic and
`
`choline.
`
`pharmaceutical products;
`textile,
`leather and ink
`Grade: F.C.C.
`industries.
`
`Uses: Medicine; nutrition; animal
`See also choline.
`choline chloride carbamate. See carbachol.
`choline dihydrogen citrate
`(CH3)3NC2H,OH-HeCgHs507.
`Properties: White, hygroscopic, crystalline, granular
`substance with acid taste; nearly odorless. M.p. 103-
`107.5°C; freely soluble in water; very slightly soluble
`in alcohol; practically insoluble in benzene, chloro-
`form, and ether. pH (25% solution) about 4.25.
`Grade: N.F, XII.
`Containers: Bottles; drums.
`Use: Medicine.
`choline gluconate
`HOCH2CH2N(CH3),00C(CHOH),CH20H.
`Properties:
`Straw colored,
`highly viscous mass.
`Amine-like odor and bitter taste. Soluble in water;
`sparingly soluble in alcohol; very slightly soluble in
`ether; practically insoluble in benzene and chloro-
`form. pH (50% solution) 5.0-6.0.
`Use: Medicine.
`cholinesterase
`the
`1.
`(acetylcholinesterase). Enzyme specific for
`hydrolysis of acetylcholine to acetic acid and choline
`in the body.
`It
`is found in the brain, nerve cells
`and red blood cells and is important in the mechan-
`ism of nerve action. See nerve gases.
`Derivation: Prepared from bovine erythrocytes.
`Uses: Biochemical experimentation; determination of
`phosphorus in insecticides and poisons.
`2. “Pseudo” or nonspecific cholinesterase, prepared
`from horse serum. This esterase hydrolyzes other
`esters as well as choline esters,
`It is found in blood
`serum, pancreas and liver.
`Both are commercially available.
`choline succinate dichloride dihydrate. See succinyl-
`choline chloride.
`choline theophyllinate. See oxtriphylline.
`“Cholografin Methylglucamine.” 412 Trademark for
`megiumine iodipamide.
`
`feed supplement.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Os‘HCI,
`ywder with
`light. Sol-
`oxides and
`practically
`and ether,
`
`loro-3-sulf-
`8. Listed
`
`for chlor-
`
`and grind-
`Chocolate
`ne
`starch,
`chocolate
`nilk solids
`
`i-dehydro-
`O. A free
`from the
`ution
`and
`; of tuna
`
`stable in
`n alcohol,
`84-88°C,
`
`en,
`
`complexes
`with fatty
`of other
`henol and
`r
`to, and
`used in
`ducts, for
`
`a
`sterol,
`he cyclo-
`
`T3
`
`17
`
`CsHiy
`
`. Present
`|
`in part
`
`cholic acid CoyHy9Os. The most abundant bile acid.
`In bile it is conjugated with the amino acids glycine
`and taurine as glycocholic acid and taurocholic acid,
`respectively, and does not occur free.
`Properties: The monohydrate crystallizes in plates
`from dilute acetic acid; bitter taste with sweetish
`aftertaste; anhydrous form, m.p. 198°C. Not pre-
`cipitated by digitonin.
`Soluble
`in glacial acetic
`acid, acetone, and alcohol; slightly soluble in chloro-
`form; practically insoluble in water and benzene.
`Derivation: From glycocholic and taurocholic acids
`in bile; organic synthesis.
`Grade: F.C.C.
`research; pharmaceu-
`Use: Medicine; biochemical
`tical intermediate; emulsifying agent.
`choline (choline base;
`(beta-hydroxyethyltrimethylam-
`monium hydroxide) (CH3)3N(OH)CH2CH2OH. Has
`been called vitamin By. Known to be essential in the
`diet of rats, rabbits, chickens, and dogs.
`In manit
`is required for lecithin formation and can replace
`methionine in the diet. There is no evidence of
`disease in man due to choline deficiency.
`It acts
`as a dietary factor
`important
`in furnishing free
`methyl groups for trans-methylation; has a lipotro-
`phic function.
`liquid; caustic, bitter
`Properties: Colorless viscous
`taste; strong amine odor; soluble in water. formal-
`dehyde and in absolute methyl and ethyl alcohols;
`insoluble in ether, petroleum ether, benzene, carbon
`disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, and toluene; a strong
`base; breaks down into trimethylamine and glycol
`when heated; decomposes ammonium salts; stable to
`heat
`in acid solution; extremely hygroscopic.
`Source: Food source: egg yolk, kidney,
`liver, heart,
`seeds, vegetables and legumes. Commercial source:
`synthetic
`preparation
`from trimethylamine
`and
`ethylene chlorohydrin or ethylene oxide.
`Units: Amounts
`are
`expressed in milligrams of
`choline.
`Uses: Medicine; nutrition; feed supplement; catalyst;
`
`*See “Shipping Regulations,” page xv.
`Reference numbers refer to name of manufacturer. See “List of Manufacturers,” page v.
`
`
`
`

`

`the
`ometimes affect
`Ammonia is added
`composition during
`used in paints,
`in
`hesives, as a bond-
`e foam and sponge
`applied to rubber
`ex, as latex girdles,
`hetic latexes include
`ar, and polystyrene,
`ne chloride, poly-
`produced from re-
`
`for a highly refined
`a
`biodegradable
`wetting,
`scouring,
`yperties:
`a prolific
`
`HH 6.9-7.1 in 0.25%
`vater; stable to acid
`.0-8.5; solubility in
`% at 100°C; hygro-
`ners sealed; sp. gr.
`yr, practically taste-
`
`s; liquid dentifrices;
`synthetic detergent
`
`latex-based surfac-
`rete’ combining the
`tties of rubber with
`concrete.
`nt binder for brick,
`tunnels, basements,
`hways; playgrounds,
`
`ip of disperse dyes
`ration of “Dacron”
`have exceptionally
`Derties.
`or a dyeing assistant
`“Dacron.”
`
`ypine) CogHe504N.
`
`[82-185°C; insoluble
`yenzene, chloroform
`
`
`LAURYL CHLORIDE
`545
`
`lauroyl peroxide (dodecanoy! peroxide)
`laundry blue (bluing). Materials used to color white
`(Cy,H23CO)20r.
`cottons and linens with a blue tint in order to hide
`faint
`tasteless;
`coarse powder;
`Properties: White,
`the yellow color produced by the alkali
`in the
`odor; soluble in oils and in most organic solvents;
`washing process. Usually a synthetic dye (origin-
`slightly soluble in alcohols;
`insoluble in water; m.p.
`ally indigo). Soluble Prussian blue is also used for
`53-55°C (dec).
`this purpose.
`Grades: Technical (about 95%).
`laundry sour. See sour.
`Uses: Bleaching agent, intermediate and drying agent
`for fats, oils, and waxes; polymerization catalyst.
`lauraldehyde. See lauryl aldehyde.
`Shipping regulations:
`(ICC, CG,
`IATA) Oxidizing
`laurel. See laurus.
`material. Yellow label.*
`laurel leaf oil. See laurel oil, volatile.
`N-lauroylsarcosine CH3(CH»2);9CON(CH3)CH2COOH.
`laurel oil, volatile (sweet bay oil;
`laurel leaf oil).
`Properties: A white solid; m.p. 31-35°C;
`sp. gr.
`Properties: A bright yellow liquid; aromatic odor;
`0.970.
`soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform and benzene;
`tank cars and trucks.
`Containers: Drums;
`sp. gt. 0.924; refractive index 1.4650-1.4700 (20°C).
`in cos-
`Uses: As surfactant, antienzyme,
`foamers,
`Chief known constituents: Cineole; pinene.
`metics and pharmaceuticals. Also used in form of
`Derivation: Distilled from the leaves or berries of
`sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate.
`Laurus nobilis.
`laurel).
`laurus (sweet bay; bay; noble laurel;
`Grades: Technical; F.C.C.
`Derivation: Leaves and fruit of Laurus nobilis.
`Uses: Medicine; flavors; perfumes.
`Habitat: Mediterranean region; cultivated in Mexico.
`Laurent’s acid. See 1-naphthylamine-5-sulfonic acid.
`Uses: Medicine; source of laurel oil, volatile; GRAS
`Laurent’s alpha acid. See 1-nitronaphthalene-5-sulfonic
`flavoring.
`acid.
`lauryl acetate. See dodecyl acetate.
`“Laurex.” 248 Trademark for the zinc salts of a mix-
`lauryl alcohol
`(alcohol C-12; n-dodecanol; dodecyl
`ture of fatty acids in which lauric acid predomi-
`alcohol) CH2(CHe)19CH2OH.
`nates.
`Properties: Colorless liquid, with floral odor; sp. gr.
`Properties: Yellowish white granulated waxy powder;
`0.830-0.836;
`refractive index 1.444; m.p. 24°C; b.p.
`sp. gr. 1.15; m.p. 95-105°C; soluble in benzol;
`in-
`259°C, Soluble in 2 parts of 70% alcohol.
`soluble
`in acetone, gasoline,
`ethylene dichloride,
`Derivation: Reduction of coconut oil fatty acids.
`and water.
`Grades: Technical; F.C.C.
`Uses: A fatty acid activator and plasticizer for use
`Containers: 55-gal drums, 8000-gal tank cars.
`in all stocks as a processing aid.
`Uses: Synthetic detergents;
`lube additives; pharma-
`lauric acid (dodecanoic acid) CH3(CH2);9COOH. A
`ceuticals; rubber; textiles; perfumes; flavoring agent.
`fatty acid occurring in many vegetable fats as the
`lauryl aldehyde (lauric aldehyde; dodecyl aldehyde;
`glyceride, especially in coconut oil and laurel oil.
`aldehyde C-12
`ltauric;
`dodecanal;
`lauraldehyde)
`Properties: Colorless needles;
`sp. gr. 0.833; mp.
`CH3(CH») 19CHO.
`44°C; b.p. 225°C (100 mm); refractive index 1.4323
`Properties: Colorless liquid, becoming solid at cool
`(n 45/D); insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol and
`temperatures, with a strong fatty floral odor; sp. gr.
`ether.
`0.828-0.836; refractive index 1.433-1.440; m.p. 44°C,
`Derivation: Fractional distillation of mixed coconut
`Soluble in 90% alcohol;
`insoluble in water.
`or other acids.
`Grades: Technical; F.C.C.
`technical; F.C.C.
`Grades: 99.8% pure;
`Use: Perfumery; flavoring agent.
`Containers: 55-gal drums, tank cars.
`lauryl bromide (n-dodecyl bromide; 1-bromododecane)
`Uses: Alkyd resins; wetting agents; soaps; detergents;
`cosmetics;
`insecticides; metallic soaps; chemical raw
`Cy.HesBr.
`material,
`including food additives.
`to pale straw-colored
`colorless
`Properties: Clear,
`mobile liquid with coconut odor and low volatility.
`lauric aldehyde. See lauryl aldehyde.
`Sp. gr. 1.026 (25/25°C); boiling range (5-95% at
`“Laurine.” 227 Trademark for hydroxycitronellal.
`45 mm Hg) 151-208°C; fp. —15.5°C.
`N-lauroyl-para-aminophenol
`Grade: Technical, approx 60% pure,
`HO(CgHy)NHCOCH2(CH2)9CH3.
`Derivation: Coconut oil.
`Properties: White to off-white powder; m.p. 123-
`Use:
`Intermediate for quaternary ammonium com-
`126°C.
`Insoluble in water; soluble in polar organic
`pounds, organometallics and vinyl stabilizers.
`solvents (especially when heated) including alcohol,
`lauryl chloride. Commercially, a mixture of n-alkyl
`acetone, and dimethylformamide.
`Use: Antioxidant.
`chlorides, with CygHesCi dominant. A clear, water-
`white, oily liquid, with a faint fatty odor. Completely
`miscible with most organic solvents; slightly miscible -
`with alcohol;
`immiscible with water.
`(15.5/15.5°C);
`Typical properties:
`Sp.
`gr.
`0.863
`crystallization point —19°C; distillation range 112-
`160°C (5 mm); flash point 113°C; fire point 135°C.
`Grades: Refined;
`technical.
`Containers: Drums;
`tank cars.
`
`lauroyichloride C,,H23;COCI.
`Properties: Water-white liquid; refractive index 1.445
`(20°C); m.p. —17°C; b.p. 145°C (18 mm); decom-
`poses in water and alcohol; soluble in ether.
`Containers:
`13-gal carboys; drums.
`Uses: As a surfactant, polymerization initiator, anti-
`enzyme agent, foamer; synthesis of lauroy! peroxide,
`isethionate surfactants, sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate
`and other sarcosinates.
`
`inactive
`
`form of
`
`in
`Soluble
`onous!
`y soluble in alcohol
`
`pium,
`
`loid.
`sonous!
`insoluble
`
`in
`Soluble
`in water.
`
`“See “Shipping Regulations,” page xv.
`Reference numbers refer to name of manufacturer, See “List of Manufacturers,” page v.
`
`
`
`

`

`is now
`It
`this is undoubtedly oversimplified.
`but
`thought to be a three-dimensional polymer of conif-
`eryl alcohol, CgH3(OH)(OCH;)CH:CHCH20H or
`other guaiacylpropane derivatives.
`Lignin is removed from wood by both the sulfate
`and soda paper pulp processes (see wood pulp), and
`limited amounts have been recovered from these
`sources and other wood waste.
`Containers:
`70-Ib bags; 250-lb drums.
`Uses: Component of paper products; stabilization of
`asphalt emulsions;
`rubber
`reinforcement; ceramic
`binder and deflocculant; dye leveler and dispersant;
`oil mud additive; precipitation of proteins; extender
`for phenolic plastics.
`lignin sulfonates (lignosulfonates). Metallic sulfonate
`salts made from the lignin of sulfite pulp-mill liquors.
`See lignin. Molecular weights range from 1000 to
`20,000.
`Properties: Light-tan to dark-brown powder; no pro-
`nounced odor;
`stable in dry form and_
`relatively
`stable in aqueous solution; nonhygroscopic; no defi-
`nite m.p.; decompose above 200°C; sp. gr. about
`1.5. Generally give colloidal solutions or dispersions
`in water; practically insoluble in all organic solvents.
`Uses: Dispersing agents
`in concrete
`and carbon
`black-rubber mixes; extenders for
`tanning agents;
`oil well drilling mud additives; ore flotation agents;
`production of vanillin,
`industrial cleaners, gypsum
`slurries, dyestuffs, pesticide formulations.
`Commercially available as the salts of most metals
`and of ammonium.
`.
`See also sulfite waste liquor.
`lignite. A low rank of coal between peat and sub-
`bituminous coal. The distinction of
`lignite from
`these materials is not sharp, as the transition from
`one to the other is gradual. Brown coal is a form
`of lignite closely related to peat. Lignites contain
`20-45% moisture as mined and have heating values
`of 5500-8300 Btu/lb. They tend to disintegrate
`when exposed to weather and may ignite spontane-
`ously. The principal U.S. deposits are in North
`Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Texas, Louisiana,
`Mississippi, and Arkansas.
`lignite wax. See montan wax.
`lignoceric acid (n-tetracosanoic acid)
`CH3(CH2)ex2COOH. A long chain saturated fatty
`acid found in minor quantities in most natural fats.
`Properties: Crystals; m.p. 84.2°C; b.p. 272°C (10
`mm);
`sp. gr. 0.8207 (100/4°C);
`refractive index
`1.4287 (100°C); nearly insoluble in ethanol.
`Source:
`Lignite
`and beechwood tar; peanut oil;
`sphingomyelin.
`Grades: Technical; 99%.
`Use: Biochemical research.
`
`
`
`ing lime to a consi
`slake more slowly t
`all the way from t}
`erties to limes whic
`Caution: Must not
`lime hypophosphite.
`Hme,
`lean. A lime w
`water due to the faci
`limestone containing
`e.g,, Silica, iron, alu
`See also, lime, fat.
`Caution: Must not
`lime, liver of. See lim
`lime nitrate. See calci
`lime-nitrogen. See cal
`lime oil, distilled.
`volatile oil obtaine
`or whole crushed fr
`Properties:
`Sp.
`gr.
`index 1.4745-1.4770
`to +47°. Soluble i
`Insoluble in glyceri
`Chief constituents:
`Grade: F.C.C.
`(con
`aldehydes, calculate
`Uses: Extracts;
`fla
`cosmetics.
`lime oil, expressed.
`the peel of the fru
`Properties: Golden-
`from high-grade len
`odor;
`sp.
`er.
`0.
`(15°C); angular ro
`index
`1.482-1.486;
`Soluble in 4-10 w
`turbidity, bluish flu
`constituents), Citra
`Uses: Extracts;
`fla
`cosmetics.
`lime oil, terpeneless.
`Concentration: Abo
`nary oil.
`Constants: Sp. gr.
`(about) —2°,
`lime, quick. See calci
`lime saltpeter. See ca
`lime slag cement. See
`lime, slaked. See lim
`lime-soda process. T
`hydroxide) and sod
`move hardness in
`presence of solubl
`(carbonates, chloric
`limestone CaCOzs. A
`cium carbonate in
`(q.v.). Limestones @
`the impurities conta
`Dolomitic limestone
`more than 5% ma
`Magnesium limesto
`with dolomitic lim,
`and carrier in pest
`Argillaceous limesto
`
`(
`
`Reference
`
`
`
`“See “Shipping Regulations,” page xv.
`Reference numbers refer to name of