Reactive Surfaces Ltd. LLP
`Ex. 1040 (Ray Attachment F)
`Reactive Surfaces Ltd. LLP v. Toyota Motor Corp.
`IPR2016-01914
`
`

`

`
`
`5
`
`Copyright © 1966 by
`REINHOLD PUBLISHING CORPORATION
`
`All rights reserved
`Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 66-28519
`
`
`_“
`
`Original Copyright
`1919, 1920, 1930
`by
`The CHEMICAL CATALOG CO., INC.
`
`
`Copyright 1950, 1956, 1961
`REINHOLD PUBLISHING CORPORATION
`
`
`
`
`EX}
`
`PER
`
`£13?
`
`22:;
`
`I
`5’
`
`\
`‘5“
`
`k:
`
`a
`
`;\
`
`Styrene Plant of Monsanto Corp., Texas City
`END PAPER(FRONT):
`END PAPER (REAR) : Catalytic Reforming Unit of Gulf Oil Co., Port Arthur, Tex.
`
`$323
`
`'
`
`
`
`

`

`AQUAZINC
`
`the effects of sunlight, mildew, and most industrial
`fumes.
`
`arabinose (pectin sugar; gum sugar) C5H1005. Both
`the D- and L-stereoisomers occur naturally. L-Arab~
`inose
`is common in vegetable gums,
`especially
`arabic.
`Soluble in water and
`Properties: White crystals.
`glycerin;
`insoluble
`in
`alcohol
`and ether. M.p.
`158.5°C; sp. gr. 1.585 (20/4°C).
`Uses: Medicine; as a culture medium.
`Commercially available as D— and L-arabinose.
`arachidic acid (eicosanoic acid) CH3(CH2)13COOH.
`A widely distributed but minor component of the
`fats of peanut oils and related plant species.
`Properties: Shining, white, crystalline leaflets. Soluble
`
`*See “Shipping Regulations,” page xv.
`Reference numbers refer to name of manufacturer. See “List of Manufacturers,” page v.
`
`“Aquazinc.”35+ Trademark for an aqueous dispersion
`of zinc stearate containing a wetting agent and
`designed to replace powdered zinc stearate for many
`applications
`in order
`to eliminate the dust,
`fire
`hazard, and other difficulties encountered with the
`dry material.
`It will volatilize at or below 100°C.
`Uses:
`In manufacture of butyl rubber, neoprene ad-
`hesives, various types of rubber latex and molded
`goods.
`“Aquet.”204 Trademark for a product used to raise
`the pH of swimming pool water.
`Ar Symbol for argon; official since 1957.
`for
`“A.R.”3‘-"J Trademark for
`chemical products
`laboratory and industrial use which are specially
`produced and controlled to meet critical purity and
`uniformity requirements.
`the
`term for acacia gum,
`arabic gum. A commercial
`dried gummy exudate from the stems of Acacia
`Senegal or related African species of Acacia.
`Properties: Thin flakes, powder, granules or angular
`fragments; color white to yellowish white, almost
`odorless, and have a mucilaginous taste. Completely
`soluble in hot and cold water, yielding a viscous
`solution of mucilage;
`insoluble in alcohol. The
`aqueous solution is acid to litmus.
`Composition: A carbohydrate polymer, complex and
`highly branched; molecular weight,
`250,000
`to
`300,000. The central core or nucleus is D—galactose
`and D-glucuronic acid (actually the calcium, mag-
`nesium, and potassium salts), to which are attached
`sugars such as L-arabinose and L~rhamnose.
`Grades: U.S.P. XVII; F.C.C. (both grades as acacia);
`a great many varieties named according to color
`and source, as Senegal, Kordofan, Morocco, Cape,
`Aden, suakin, white Senaar.
`Containers: Bags; multiwall paper sacks; barrels.
`Uses: Pharmaceuticals; adhesives;
`inks;
`textile print-
`ing; cosmetics;
`food preparation;
`in general, as a
`thickening agent and colloidal stabilizer.
`Shipping regulations: Nonefi“
`arabinogalactan. A water-soluble polysaccharide ex-
`tracted from timber of the western larch trees.
`It is
`a complex highly branched polymer of arabinose
`and galactose in the molecular weight range 72,000.-
`92,000.
`readily
`tan colored powder;
`light
`Properties: Dry,
`soluble in hot and cold water; both powder and
`solutions relatively stable.
`Uses: Dispersing and emulsifying agent; lithographic
`field. See “STRactan.”
`
`Occ
`
`insoluble in
`slightly soluble in alcohol;
`in ether;
`water, M.p. 754°C; sp. gr. 0.8240 MOO/4°C); b.p.
`205°C (1 mm), 328°C (760 mm) (decomposes); re-
`fractive index 1.4250 (100°C).
`Derivation: From peanut oil.
`Grades: Technical; 99%.
`lubricating greases, waxes,
`Uses: Organic synthesis;
`and plastics; biochemical research.
`arachitlonic acid (5,8,11,14»eicosatetraenoic acid).
`CH;;(CH2)4(CH:CHCH2)4(CH2)2COOH. A C20 un.
`saturated fatty acid.
`It
`is considered essential for
`good health.
`
`Liquid; m.p. —49.5°C;
`
`Properties:
`33350.
`lecithin.
`Source: Liver; brain;
`Gracie: 99% methyl ester.
`Uses: Medicine; biochemical research.
`
`iodine value
`
`(l-eicosanol) CH3(CH2)18CH20H,
`arachidyl alcohol
`A long-chain saturated fatty alcohol, much like
`stearyl alcohol.
`Properties: M.p. 71°C; b.p. 220°C (3 mm).
`Derivation: Reduction of arachidic acid.
`Grades: Technical; 99%.
`Containers: Up to tankcars.
`textiles; research.
`Uses: Lubricants, rubber, plastics,
`arachin (arachine). A protein from peanut, a globulin
`containing the following amino acids in representable
`amounts:
`arginine,
`histidine,
`lysine,
`cystine. A
`yellow green syrup. Soluble in water and alcohol;
`insoluble in ether.
`arachine. See arachin.
`aracllis oil. See peanut,
`
`“Aralen” Phosphate. 162 Trademark for chloroquine
`phosphate.
`
`aralia (spikenard; spignet). Dried rhizome and roots
`of perennial herb, Aralia racemosa.
`Occurrence: Northeastern United States.
`Use: Medicine.
`
`“Aramite.”2-IS Trademark for 2—(para-tert-butylphe-
`noxy) isopropyl 2~chloroethyl sulfite
`(CHm)gCCGHLOCHQCI‘KCH'QOSOOCQI‘I1C].
`Properties: Clear light colored oil; sp. gr. 1.148-1.152
`(20°C); b.p. 175°C (0.1 mm); very soluble in corn-
`mon organic
`solvents;
`insoluble
`in water; non.
`corrosive.
`
`(90% min); wettable powder;
`Grades: Technical
`emulsifiable concentrates; dusts.
`Uses: As an acaricide on a wide variety of non-
`edible crops and ornamentals.
`Hazards! Harmful
`if absorbed through the skin of
`ingested. Do not get
`in eyes; avoid contact with
`skin or clothing; store in cool, dry place.
`“Aranox.” 2-18 Trademark for para-(para-tolylsulfonyl-
`amido )-diphenylamine,
`CH3C6H§02NHCgH.tN}lC5}I5.
`Properties: Grey powder; sp. gr. 1.32; m.p. 1350C
`rnin;
`soluble
`in acetone, benzene
`and ethylene
`dichloride;
`insoluble in gasoline and cold water;
`slightly soluble in hot water or hot alkaline solu—
`tions which extract it from thin rubber sheets after
`considerable exposure.
`Uses: Antioxidant
`for balloon fabrics, proofing,
`clothing and light—colored sundries.
`“Aranthol.” 9 Trademark for methamoctol.
`
`areca
`S€€
`an
`
`

`

`BEHENAMIDE
`
`104
`
`behenamide C21H43CONH2. Solid; m.p. 97-108°C.
`behenic acid (docosanoic acid) CH3(CH2)20COOH. A
`saturated fatty acid found as a minor component of
`the oils of the type of peanut and rapeseed.
`Properties: M.p. 800°C; b.p. 306°C (60 mm), 265°C
`(15 mm); sp. gr. 0.8221 GOO/4°C); refractive index
`1.4270 (100°C).
`Derivation: Peanut oil; occurs in ben oil, hydro-
`genated mustard oil and rapeseed oil.
`Grades: Technical; 99%.
`Uses: Cosmetics; waxes; plasticizers; chemicals; stabi-
`lizers.
`
`Inert; com-
`behenone ngHMO. An aliphatic ketone.
`patible with high»melting waxes, fatty acids.
`Insolu-
`ble in water.
`
`behenyl alcohol (1—docosanol) CH3<CH2)20CHQOH. A
`long chain, saturated fatty alcohol, much like stearyl
`alcohol.
`
`Properties: M.p. 71°C; b.p. 180°C (0.22 mm).
`Derivation: Reduction of behenic acid with lithium
`aluminum hydride as catalyst.
`Grades: Technical; 99%.
`Uses: Synthetic fibers;
`lubricants.
`BEK. See butyl ethyl ketene.
`
`belladonna (deadly nightshade; banewort). An herba-
`ceous perennial bush (Atropa belladonna) of which
`the leaves and roots are used for their content of
`hyoscyamine and atropine. Poisonous!
`Occurrence:
`Southern and central Europe; Asia
`Minor; Algeria; cultivated in North America, Eng-
`land, France.
`Grades: Belladonna leaf, U.S.P. XVII; belladonna
`root
`
`Containers: Boxes; bales.
`Use: Medicine.
`Shipping regulations: None.*
`
`is
`It
`bell metal. An alloy used for casting bells.
`generally composed of about 80% copper and 20%
`tin.
`It often contains small amounts of lead and
`zinc. Sp. gr. 8.7; m.p. about 890°C.
`bemberg. A cuprammonium rayon fiber.
`bemegride (3,3-methylethylglutarimide; 3-ethyl-3-methyl-
`glutarimide; methetharimide) CgH13N02.
`Properties: White powder; mp. 127°C. Sublimes at
`100°C and 2 mm pressure. Soluble in water and
`alcohol.
`Grade: U.S.P. XVII.
`Use: Medicine.
`
`“Bemol.”456 Trademark for a series of solid Iubri~
`cants
`for extreme temperature/high vacuum use,
`such as various
`forms of molybdenum disulfide,
`niobium diselenide,
`tungsten disulfide.
`
`a nontoxic, practically
`“Bemul.”345 Trademark for
`a pure white, edible
`odorless emulsifying agent;
`glycerol monostearate in bead form; m.p. 58~59°C;
`completely dispersible
`in hot water;
`completely
`soluble in alcohols and hot hydrocarbons.
`Uses:
`In the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, cos-
`: metics, and foodstuffs; as a protective coating for
`edible hygroscopic powders, tablets, and crystals; as
`a pour-point depressant for lubricating oils; and in
`textile sizes; etc.
`
`Reference numbers refer to name of manufacturer. See “List of Manufacturers," page v.
`
`Benedict solution. A water solution of sodium car.
`bonate, copper sulfate and sodium citrate. The blue
`color changes to a red, orange, or yellow precipi-
`tate or suspension in the presence of a reducing
`sugar such as glucose, and is therefore used in test-'
`ing for such materials, especially for urinalysis in
`the treatment of diabetes. See Fehling’s solution.
`benefin (N»butyl~N—ethyl-alpha, alpha, alpha~tritluoro-‘_
`2,6—dinitro-para-toluidine) Ci;II2(N03)2CF;;NCt_;H1.,.
`Properties: Yellow-orange solid; mp. 65-66.5°C; b.p.
`121«122°C (0.5 mm).
`Slightly soluble in water;
`readily soluble in acetone and xylene.
`Use: Herbicide.
`
`benactyzine hydrochloride (2~diethylaminoethyl benz
`late hydrochloride)
`(C6H5)2COHCOO(CH2)2N(C2H5)2-HCJ.
`Grade: ND.
`Use: Medicine.
`
`“Benadryl.” 330 Trademark for diphenhydramine hydr0
`chloride.
`
`“Ben-A-Gel.”304 Trademark for highly beneficiated‘r
`hydrous magnesium silicate for aqueous systemS_-_
`Used for
`thickening or gelling water systems, 01.;
`as a suspension agent, and an emulsion stabilize
`in oil-in-water emulsions.
`
`“Ben-A«Gel” EW. Used with low shear incorporation
`equipment.
`
`“Renata”?33 Trademark for a line of surfactants.
`“Benax” 2A1. Dodecyldiphenyl ether disulfonic acid
`sodium salt. An anionic surface«active agent. Avg“.
`able as a 45% active solution and a light-colored,
`free-flowing 90% active powder.
`“Benax” 2A0. Dodecyldiphenyl ether disulfonic acid,
`Available as a 40% active solution.
`bench gas. See coal gas.
`
`3-Benzyl~3,4.
`bendroflumethiazide C15HHF3N30482.
`dihydro-6~(trilluoromethyl)~2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine.
`7~sulfonamide, 1,1-dioxide.
`rose~like
`faint
`Properties: White
`crystalline solid;
`odor; mp. 216-218°C.
`Insoluble in Water and acid;
`soluble in dilute alkali.
`Grade: Pharmaceutical.
`Use: Medicine.
`
`“Benemid.”133 Trademark for probenecid; used in-
`medicine.
`
`Bengal gelatin. See agar.
`Bengal isinglass. See agar.
`
`lights. A mixture of realgar or arsenic disul
`Bengal
`fide, synthetic, potassium nitrate and sulfur, used m
`pyrotechnics to make blue light.
`Benjamin gum. See benzoin gum, Siam, and bmzoin i
`gum, Sumatra.
`benne oil. See sesame oil.
`
`“Benodaine.” 123 Trademark for piperoxan hydrochlo-
`ride.
`
`ben oil. A non~drying oil obtained from the seeds 0f
`Moringa oleifera.
`Uses: Food;
`lubricant for delicate machinery; p61"
`fumery; pharmaceuticals.
`benoxinate hydrochloride
`CHa(CH2)3OC6H3(NH2)C02(CH2)2N(C2H5)2'HCL
`beta-Diethylaminoethyl-4-amino-3-n-butoxybenzoate
`hydrochloride.
`
`*See “Shipping Regulations,” page xv.
`
`

`

`CHLORPHENTERMINE HYDROCHLORIDE 222
`
`Properties: Crystals; mp. 128°C; soluble in water.
`Use: Medicine.
`chlorphentertnine hydrochloride (USAN) (para-chloro—
`alpha, alpha-dimethylphenethylamine hydrochloride)
`C6H4(Cl)CH2C(CH3)2NH2-HC1.
`Properties: White to off-white powder; mp 232—
`235°C. Soluble in water; 1% aqueous solution has
`a~pH of approx. 5.5.
`Use: Medicine.
`chlorpicrin. See chloropicrin.
`chlorpromazine
`(2~chloro-10-(3~dimethylaminopropyl}
`phenothiazine) C17H19ClN-ZS.
`Properties: Oily liquid; amine odor; alkaline reac-
`tion; b.p. ZOO-205°C,
`(0.8 mm).
`Use: Medicine.
`chlorpromazine hydrochloride C17H19C1N25~HCL
`Properties: White or slightly creamy white; odorless,
`crystalline powder. Darkens on prolonged exposure
`to light. Solutions acid to litmus. Soluble in water,
`alcohol, chloroform.
`Insoluble in ether and benzene.
`M.p. 195-198°C.
`Gracie: U.S.P. XVII.
`Use: Medicine.
`chlorpropamide l—(para«chlorobenzenesulfonyl)-3«prop—
`ylurea. C3H7NHCONH802C6H3CI
`Properties: Crystals, mp. 127-129°C;
`water; soluble in alcohol.
`Grade: U.S.P. XVII.
`Use: Medicine.
`chlorprophenpyridamine maleate. See chlorpheniramine
`maleate.
`
`insoluble in
`
`(trans~2-chloro~N,N-dimeth-
`(USAN)
`chlorprothixene
`ylthioxanthenepropylamine) ClnggClNS.
`Listed
`in N.D.
`Properties: Yellowish crystalline powder; amine~like
`odor. M.p.
`98—100.5°C. One gram of chlorpro-
`thixene dissolves in about 25 ml of alcohol or in
`about
`3 m1 of chloroform.
`It
`is very slightly
`soluble in water.
`Use: Medicine.
`5,7—
`chlorquinaldol
`(5,7-dichloro-8-hydroxyquinaldine;
`dichloro-Z-methyl—8-quinolinol) CH3C3,H3N(OH)Cl-3.
`Properties: Yellow, crystalline,
`tasteless powder with
`a pleasant medicinal odor; mp. 114°C; soluble in
`alcohol, chloroform; insoluble in water.
`Use: Medicine (bactericide and fungicide).
`chlortetracycline (CTC; chlorotetracycline)
`C22I'123CIN203. An
`antibiotic produced by the
`growth of Streptomyces aureofaciens in submerged
`cultures.
`It has a wide antimicrobial spectrum in-
`cluding many gram—positive and gram—negative bac-
`teria,
`rickettsiae and several viruses.
`Its chemical
`structure is that of a modified naphthacene molecule.
`It is relatively non~toxic.
`l68—I69°C.
`Properties: Goldenvyellow crystals. M.p.
`Slightly soluble in water; very soluble in aqueous
`solutions
`above pH 8.5;
`freely soluble
`in
`the
`“Cellosolves;”
`dioxane
`and
`“Carbitol”;
`slightly
`soluble in methanol, ethanol, butanol, acetone, ethyl
`acetate, and benzene;
`insoluble in ether and petro—
`leum ether.
`Derivation: By submerged aerobic fermentation,
`tration, solvent extraction, and crystallization.
`Use: Medicine (usually as hydrochloride); feed sup-
`plement; preservative for raw fish.
`
`fil-
`
`chlortetracycline hydrochloride ngHggclNQOgI—ICL
`Properties: Odorless, yellow, crystalline powder with
`bitter taste. Stable in air but affected by light.
`Sol—
`uble in water and solutions of alkali hydroxides and
`carbonates;
`slightly soluble in alcohol; practically
`insoluble in acetone, chloroform, dioxane and ether,
`pH (1 in 200 solution) 2.3-3.3.
`Grade: NF. XII.
`Use: Medicine.
`(3-hydroxy-3«(4~chloro-3—sulf_
`chlorthalidone
`(USAN)
`amylphenyl)phthalimidine) CMHuClN-ZOfi, Listed
`in N.D. Used in medicine.
`“Chlor-Trimeton Maleate.”3'31 Trademark for chlor.
`pheniramine maleate.
`chlorzoxazone (5-chloro-2»benzoxazolinone)
`C7H4C1N02. Derivative of zoxazolamine.
`Grades: N.D.
`Use: Medicine.
`chocolate. The product formed by roasting and grind.
`ing fermented dried cacao beans (q.v.). Chocolate
`contains
`about 55% cocoa butter,
`some starch,
`traces of theobromine and tannin. Milk chocolate
`contains 30 to 35% cocoa butter, 12% milk solids
`and also added sugar.
`cholaic acid. See taurocholic acid.
`7-dehydro—
`cholecalciferol
`(S,7~cholestadien-3beta-ol;
`cholesterol, activated; vitamin D3) C27HMO. A free
`vitamin D3,
`isolated in crystalline state from the
`3,5-dinitrobenzoate; produced by irradiation and
`equivalent
`in activity to the vitamin D3 of
`tuna
`liver oil.
`crystals. Unstable in
`colorless
`Properties: White
`light and air.
`Insoluble in water. Soluble in alcohol,
`chloroform and fatty oils. Melting range 84-88°C.
`Specific rotation +105 to +112°.
`Grade: U.S.P. XVII; F.C.C.
`Package: Hermetically sealed under nitrogen.
`Use: Medicine, as antirachitic vitamin.
`“Choledyl.” 5-H} Trademark for oxtriphylline.
`choleic acids. A loose term applied to the complexes
`formed by deoxycholic acid (a bile acid) with fatty
`acids or other lipids, and with a variety of other
`compounds, including such aromatics as phenol and
`naphthalene. These complexes are similar to, and
`have been suggestive of,
`the complexes used in
`separation processes, such as the urea adducts, for
`large scale purification.
`5,7-cholestadien-3beta-ol. See cholecalciferol.
`beta-cholestanol. See dihydrocholesterol.
`S-cholesten-Sbeta-ol. See cholesterol.
`cholesterin. See cholesterol.
`cholesterol (cholesterin; 5-cholesten-3beta-ol)
`C27H450H. The most common animal
`monounsaturated, secondary alcohol of
`
`a
`
`esterified
`are found
`biosynthes
`acetate.
`the precu
`provitami
`stituent a
`partly be
`sclerosis.
`Properties:
`pearly gr
`I48.5°C;
`levorotato
`insoluble
`ble in t
`aqueous
`Source: P
`ether ext
`fication b
`Grades:
`for clinic
`Container
`Uses: Me
`pharmac
`industrie
`cholic acid
`In bile i
`and taur
`respectiv
`Properties
`from di
`aftertast
`cipitated
`acid, ac
`form; p
`Derivatio
`in bile;
`Grade:
`Use: M
`tical int
`
`disease
`as
`
`a
`sterol,
`the cyCIO'
`CH3
`
`pentenophenanthrene (ti—ring, fused) system. Present
`in animals in part as the free stern], and in part
`
`*See “Shipping Regulations,” page xv.
`Reference numbers refer to name of manufacturer. See “List of Manufacturers,” page V.
`
`

`

`
`
`feed supplement.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`223
`CHOLOGRAFIN METHYLGLUCAMINE
`
`
`
`
`
`esterified with higher
`fatty acids. Slight amounts
`curing agent; control of pH; neutralizing agent;
`
`
`solubilizer.
`are found in plants. The primary precursor
`in
`biosynthesis appears to be acetic acid or sodium
`Shipping regulations: None.*
`acetate. Cholesterol
`itself in the animal system is
`choline base. See choline.
`the precursor of bile acids, steroid hormones and
`choline bicarbonate.
`See 2-hydroxyethyltrimethylam-
`provitamin D3. Cholesterol is a universal tissue con-
`monium bicarbonate.
`stituent and is the subject of widespread research,
`choline bitartrate (C5H14NO-C4H5OG).
`partly because of its role as a suspect
`in athero-
`Properties: White crystalline powder; odorless or
`sclerosis.
`faint
`trimethylamine-like odor;
`acid taste; hygro-
`Properties: White, or faintly yellow, almost odorless,
`scopic; soluble in water and alcohol.
`Insoluble in
`pearly granules or crystals; affected by light; m.p.
`ether, chloroform and benzene.
`148.5°C; b.p. 360°C (dec); sp. gr. 1.067 (20/4°C);
`Grade: F.C.C.
`levorotatory; specific rotation (25°C) —34 to ~38°;
`Use: Medicine; dietary supplement; nutrient.
`insoluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol; solu—
`choline chloride (CH3)3N(C1)CH2CH20H. Same bio-
`ble in the usual
`fat solvents, vegetable oils and
`logical function as choline.
`aqueous solutions of bile salts.
`fishy
`Properties: White crystals; salty, bitter taste;
`Source: Prepared from beef spinal cord by petroleum
`odor;
`soluble in water and alcohol;
`insoluble in
`ether extraction of the nonsaponifiable matter; puri—
`ether, petroleum ether, benzene, and carbon distil-
`fication by repeated bromination.
`fide;
`stable to heat
`in acid solution; unstable in
`Grades: Technical; U.S.P. XVII; S.C.W., standard
`alkaline solution; extremely hygroscopic.
`for clinical work.
`Source: Same as choline.
`Containers:
`1- and 5-lb glass bottles.
`Units: Amounts
`are
`expressed in milligrams of
`Uses: Medicine; emulsifying agent
`in cosmetic and
`choline.
`pharmaceutical products;
`textile,
`leather and ink
`Grade: F.C.C.
`industries.
`Uses: Medicine; nutrition; animal
`See also choline.
`cholic acid C24H4005. The most abundant bile acid.
`In bile it is conjugated with the amino acids glycine
`choline chloride carbamate. See carbachol.
`and taurine as glycocholic acid and taurocholic acid,
`choline dihydrogen citrate
`respectively, and does not occur free.
`(CH3)3NC2H.,OH'H2C5H507.
`Properties: The monohydrate crystallizes in plates
`Properties: White, hygroscopic, crystalline, granular
`from dilute acetic acid; bitter taste with sweetish
`substance with acid taste; nearly odorless. M.p. 103—
`aftertaste; anhydrous form, mp. 198°C. Not pre-
`107.5°C; freely soluble in water; very slightly soluble
`cipitated by digitonin.
`Soluble
`in glacial acetic
`in alcohol; practically insoluble in benzene, chloro-
`acid, acetone, and alcohol; slightly soluble in chloro—
`form, and ether. pH (25% solution) about 4.25.
`form; practically insoluble in water and benzene.
`Grade: NF. XII.
`Derivation: From glycocholic and taurocholic acids
`Containers: Bottles; drums.
`
`in bile; organic synthesis.
`Use: Medicine.
`
`Grade: F.C.C.
`choline gluconate
`research; pharmaceu-
`Use: Medicine; biochemical
`
`HOCHgCHgN(CH3)300C(CHOH)4CH20H.
`tical intermediate; emulsifying agent.
`
`Properties:
`Straw colored,
`highly viscous mass.
`
`Amine-like odor and bitter taste. Soluble in water;
`choline (choline base;
`(beta-hydroxyethyltrimethylam-
`
`monium hydroxide) (CH3)3N(0H)CH2CH20H. Has
`sparingly soluble in alcohol; very slightly soluble in
`
`been called vitamin B4. Known to be essential in the
`ether; practically insoluble in benzene and chloro-
`
`diet of rats, rabbits, chickens, and dogs.
`In man it
`form. pH (50% solution) 5.0-6.0.
`
`Use: Medicine.
`is required for lecithin formation and can replace
`methionine in the diet. There is no evidence of
`cholinesterase
`
`disease in man due to choline deficiency.
`It acts
`the
`1.
`(acetylcholinesterase). Enzyme specific for
`
`as a dietary factor
`important
`in furnishing free
`hydrolysis of acetylcholine to acetic acid and choline
`methyl groups for trans—methylation; has a lipotro—
`
`in the body.
`It
`is found in the brain, nerve cells
`
`phic function.
`and red blood cells and is important in the mechan-
`
`liquid; caustic, bitter
`Properties: Colorless viscous
`ism of nerve action. See nerve gases.
`
`taste; strong amine odor; soluble in water.
`formal—
`Derivation: Prepared from bovine erythrocytes.
`
`dehyde and in absolute methyl and ethyl alcohols;
`Uses: Biochemical experimentation; determination of
`insoluble in ether, petroleum ether, benzene, carbon
`phosphorus in insecticides and poisons.
`
`disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, and toluene; a strong
`2. “Pseudo” or nonspecific cholinesterase, prepared
`
`base; breaks down into trimethylamine and glycol
`from horse serum. This esterase hydrolyzes other
`
`when heated; decomposes ammonium salts; stable to
`esters as well as choline esters.
`It is found in blood
`
`heat
`in acid solution; extremely hygroscopic.
`serum, pancreas and liver.
`
`Source: Food source: egg yolk, kidney,
`liver, heart,
`Both are commercially available.
`
`seeds, vegetables and legumes. Commercial source:
`choline succinate dichloride dihydrate. See succinyl—
`synthetic
`preparation
`from trimethylamine
`and
`
`choline chloride.
`ethylene chlorohydrin or ethylene oxide.
`
`choline theophyllinate. See oxtriphylline.
`Units: Amounts
`are
`expressed in milligrams of
`
`choline.
`“Cholografin Methylglucamine.” 412 Trademark for
`
`megtumine iodipamide.
`Uses: Medicine; nutrition; feed supplement; catalyst;
`
`
`
`
`
`
`*See “Shipping Regulations," page xv.
`Reference numbers refer to name of manufacturer. See “List of Manufacturers," page v.
`
`zog'HCI.
`)wder with
`light. Sol-
`oxides and
`practically
`and ether.
`
`loro-3~sulf—
`.18. Listed
`
`for chlor-
`
`and grind-
`Chocolate
`ne
`starch,
`chocolate
`nilk solids
`
`7-dehydro—
`O. A free
`from the
`lllOn
`and
`3 of tuna
`
`in
`istable
`n alcohol,
`84-88°C.
`
`en.
`
`complexes
`with fatty
`of other
`henol and
`r
`to, and
`used in
`ducts, for
`
`a
`sterol,
`he cyclo-
`
`33
`
`_ CsHir
`\ll
`
`. Present
`l
`in part
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`LAURYL CHLORIDE
`545
`
`
`lauroyl peroxide (dodecanoyl peroxide)
`
`laundry blue (bluing). Materials used to color white
`(Cquscolaoe-
`cottons and linens with a blue tint in order to hide
`faint
`tasteless;
`coarse powder;
`Properties: White,
`
`the yellow color produced by the alkali
`in the
`odor; soluble in oils and in most organic solvents;
`washing process. Usually a synthetic dye (origin—
`
`slightly soluble in alcohols;
`insoluble in water; m.p.
`
`ally indigo). Soluble Prussian blue is also used for
`53-55°C (dec).
`this purpose.
`
`Grades: Technical (about 95%).
`
`laundry sour. See sour.
`Uses: Bleaching agent, intermediate and drying agent
`
`for fats, oils, and waxes; polymerization catalyst.
`lauraldehyde. See lauryl aldehyde.
`
`Shipping regulations:
`(ICC, CG,
`IATA) Oxidizing
`laurel. See laurus.
`material. Yellow labeli“
`
`laurel leaf oil. See laurel oil, volatile.
`
`
`laurel oil, volatile (sweet bay oil;
`laurel leaf oil).
`
`Properties: A bright yellow liquid; aromatic odor;
`
`soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform and benzene;
`
`sp. gr. 0.924; refractive index 14650-14700 (20°C).
`
`Chief known constituents: Cineole; pinene.
`Derivation: Distilled from the leaves or berries of
`
`Laurus nobilis.
`
`Grades: Technical; F.C.C.
`
`Uses: Medicine; flavors; perfumes.
`
`
`Laurent’s acid. See 1-naphthylamine-5~sulfonic acid.
`Laurent’s alpha acid. See 1~nitronaphthalene—S-sulfonic
`
`acid.
`
`“Laurex.” 2:18 Trademark for the zinc salts of a mix—
`ture of fatty acids in which lauric acid predomi—
`nates.
`
`Properties: Yellowish white granulated waxy powder;
`
`sp. gr. 1.15; m.p. 95—105°C; soluble in benzol;
`in—
`
`soluble
`in acetone, gasoline,
`ethylene dichloride,
`and water.
`
`Uses: A fatty acid activator and plasticizer for use
`in all stocks as a processing aid.
`
`
`lauric acid (dodecanoic acid) CH3(CH2)10COOH. A
`
`fatty acid occurring in many vegetable fats as the
`
`glyceride, especially in coconut oil and laurel oil.
`Properties: Colorless needles;
`sp. gr. 0.833; m.p.
`
`44°C; b.p. 225°C (100 mm); refractive index 1.4323
`
`(n 45/D); insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol and
`
`ether.
`
`Derivation: Fractional distillation of mixed coconut
`or other acids.
`
`
`technical; F.C.C.
`Grades: 99.8% pure;
`Containers: 55-gal drums, tank cars.
`
`Uses: Alkyd resins; wetting agents; soaps; detergents;
`
`cosmetics;
`insecticides; metallic soaps; chemical raw
`
`material,
`including food additives.
`
`lauric aldehyde. See lauryl aldehyde.
`
`“Laurine.”227 Trademark for hydroxycitronellal.
`
`N-Iauroyl-para-aminophenol
`
`HO(C6H4)NHCOCH2(CH2)9CH3.
`
`Properties: White to off-white powder; mp. 123-
`
`126°C.
`Insoluble in water; soluble in polar organic
`solvents (especially when heated) including alcohol,
`
`acetone, and dimethylformamide.
`Use: Antioxidant.
`
`
`
`the
`ometimes affect
`Ammonia is added
`composition during
`used in paints,
`in
`hesives, as a bond
`e foam and sponge
`applied to rubber
`ex, as latex girdles,
`hetic latexes include
`:r, and polystyrene,
`:ne
`chloride, poly-
`produced from re-
`
`for a highly refined
`a
`biodegradable
`wetting,
`scouring,
`)perties:
`a prolific
`
`rH 6.9-7.1 in 0.25%
`utter; stable to acid
`3.0-8.5; solubility in
`Z; at 100°C; hygro-
`riners sealed; sp. gr.
`)r, practically taste—
`
`‘s; liquid dentifrices;
`synthetic detergent
`
`latex-based surfac-
`rete” combining the
`rties of rubber with
`concrete.
`:nt binder for brick,
`tunnels, basements,
`hways; playgrounds,
`
`1p of disperse dyes
`ration of “Dacron”
`have exceptionally
`oerties.
`or a dyeing assistant
`“Dacron.”
`
`)pine) C20H250.1N.
`
`[82—185°C; insoluble
`)enzene, chloroform
`
`inactive
`
`form of
`
`in
`Soluble
`onous!
`y soluble in alcohol
`
`npium.
`
`loid.
`sonous!
`insoluble
`
`in
`Soluble
`in water.
`
`lauroylchloride CqugCOCl.
`Properties: Water-white liquid; refractive index 1.445
`(20°C); m.p. ~17°C; b.p. 145°C (18 mm); decom-
`poses in water and alcohol; soluble in ether.
`Containers:
`13-gal carboys; drums.
`Uses: As a surfactant, polymerization initiator, anti—
`enzyme agent, foamer; synthesis of lauroyl peroxide,
`isethionate surfactants, sodium N—lauroyl sarcosinate
`and other sarcosinates.
`
`N-lauroylsarcosine CH3(CH2)10CON(CH3)CH2COOH.
`Properties: A white solid; mp. 31-35°C;
`sp. gr.
`0.970.
`tank cars and trucks.
`Containers: Drums;
`in cos-
`Uses: As surfactant, antienzyme,
`foamers,
`metics and pharmaceuticals. Also used in form of
`sodium N-Iauroylsarcosinate.
`laurel).
`laurus (sweet bay; bay; noble laurel;
`Derivation: Leaves and fruit of Laurus nobilis.
`Habitat: Mediterranean region; cultivated in Mexico.
`Uses: Medicine; source of laurel oil, volatile; GRAS
`flavoring.
`lauryl acetate. See dodecyl acetate.
`lauryl alcohol
`(alcohol 012; n~dodecanol; dodecyl
`alcohol) CH3(CH2)1QCH20H.
`Properties: Colorless liquid, with floral odor; sp. gr.
`0.8300836;
`refractive index 1.444; m.p. 24°C; b.p.
`259°C. Soluble in 2 parts of 70% alcohol.
`Derivation: Reduction of coconut oil fatty acids.
`Grades: Technical; F.C.C.
`Containers:
`55~gal drums, 8000~gal tank cars.
`Uses: Synthetic detergents;
`lube additives; pharma‘
`ceuticals; rubber; textiles; perfumes; flavoring agent.
`lauryl aldehyde (lauric aldehyde; dodecyl aldehyde;
`aldehyde C-12
`lauric;
`dodecanal;
`lauraldehyde)
`CI‘13(CH2)10CHO.
`Properties: Colorless liquid, becoming solid at cool
`temperatures, with a strong fatty floral odor; sp. gr.
`0.8280836; refractive index l.433-1.440; m.p. 44°C.
`Soluble in 90% alcohol;
`insoluble in water.
`Grades: Technical; F.C.C.
`Use: Perfumery; flavoring agent.
`
`l-bromododecanc)
`
`lauryl bromide (nvdodecyl bromide;
`C1gl‘l25Bl‘.
`to pale straw-colored
`colorless
`Properties: Clear,
`mobile liquid with coconut odor and low volatility.
`Sp. gr. 1026 (ZS/25°C); boiling range (5—95% at
`45 mm Hg) 151-208°C; f.p. ~15.5°C.
`Grade: Technical, approx 60% pure.
`Derivation: Coconut oil.
`Use:
`Intermediate for quaternary ammonium com—
`pounds, organometallics and vinyl stabilizers.
`lauryl chloride. Commercially, a mixture of n—alkyl
`chlorides, with C12H25Cl dominant. A clear, water-
`white, oily liquid, with a faint fatty odor. Completely
`miscible with most organic solvents; slightly miscible ,
`with alcohol;
`immiscible with water.
`(15.5/l5.59C);
`Typical properties:
`Sp.
`gr.
`0.863
`crystallization point #19°C; distillation range 112—
`160°C (5 mm); flash point 113°C; fire point 135°C.
`Grades: Refined;
`technical.
`Containers: Drums;
`tank cars.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`*See “Shipping Regulations,” page xv.
`Reference numbers refer to name of manufacturer. See “List of Manufacturers,” page v.
`
`
`
`

`

`LIGNIN SULFONATES
`
`5 5 6
`
`“Lignosol.” 476 Trademark for a series of calcium,
`sodium,
`and
`ammonium lignosulfonates.
`These
`compounds are mixtures of lignosulfonates and wood
`sugars. Special grades are available which have low
`wood sugar content.
`Uses: Binders, dispersing agents and tanning agents.
`“Lignosol AA?:.”476 A mixture of sodium lignosul-
`fonate and aldonic acids. Used as a substitute for
`gluconic acid in alkaline paint stripping.
`lignosulfonates. See lignin sulfonates.
`
`i‘See “Shipping Regulations,” page xv.
`Reference numbers refer to name of manufacturer. See “List of Manufacturers,” page v.
`
`is now
`It
`this is undoubtedly oversimplified.
`but
`thought to be a three~dimensional polymer of conif-
`eryl alcohol, C5H3(OH)(OCH3)CH:CHCH20H or
`other guaiacylpropane derivatives.
`Lignin is removed from wood by both the sulfate
`and soda paper pulp processes (see wood pulp), and
`limited amounts have been recovered from these
`sources and other wood waste.
`Containers: 70-lb bags; 250-lb drums.
`Uses: Component of paper products; stabilization of
`asphalt emulsions;
`rubber
`reinforcement; ceramic
`binder and deflocculant; dye leveler and dispersant;
`oil mud additive; precipitation of proteins; extender
`for phenolic plastics.
`lignin sulfonates (lignosulfonates). Metallic sulfonate
`salts made from the lignin of sulfite pulp-mill liquors.
`See lignin. Molecular weights range from 1000 to
`20,000.
`Properties: Light-tan to dark-brown powder; no pro-
`nounced odor;
`stable in dry form and relatively
`stable in aqueous solution; nonhygroscopic; no defi—
`nite m.p.; decompose above 200°C; sp. gr. about
`15. Generally give colloidal solutions or dispersions
`in water; practically insoluble in all organic solvents.
`Uses: Dispersing agents
`in concrete
`and carbon
`black-rubber mixes; extenders for
`tanning agents;
`oil well drilling mud additives; ore flotation agents;
`production of vanillin,
`industrial cleaners, gypsum
`slurries, dyestuffs, pesticide formulations.
`Commercially available as the salts of most metals
`and of ammonium.
`'
`See also sulflte waste liquor.
`lignite. A low rank of coal between peat and sub-
`bituminous coal. The distinction of
`lignite from
`these materials is not sharp, as the transition from
`one to the other is gradual. Brown coal is a form
`of lignite closely related to peat. Lignites contain
`20-45% moisture as mined and have heating values
`of 5500-8300 Btu/lb. They tend to disintegrate
`when exposed to weather and may ignite spontane-
`ously. The principal U.S. deposits are in North
`Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Texas, Louisiana,
`Mississippi, and Arkansas.
`lignite Wax. See montan wax.
`lignoceric acid (n-tetracosanoic acid)
`CH3(CH2)22COOH. A long chain saturated fatty
`acid found in minor quantities in most natural fats.
`Properties: Crystals; mp. 842°C; b.p. 272°C (10
`mm);
`sp. gr. 0.8207 (IOU/4°C);
`refractive index
`1.4287 (100°C); nearly insoluble in ethanol.
`Source:
`Lignite
`and beechwood tar; peanut oil;
`sphingomyelin.
`Grades: Technical; 99%.
`Use: Biochemical research.
`
`Reference
`
`“Lignox.”236 Brand name for a proprietary soluble
`calcium lignosulfonate in dry powder form. Used
`for
`treatment of drilling mud containing calcium
`ions and in brine emulsion muds.
`
`benzine). A saturated,
`(petroleum ether;
`ligroine
`volatile fraction of petroleum boiling in the range
`20~l35°C (SS—27