The
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`O
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`_
` Am¢r1can .
`Her1tage®D1ct10nary
`of the English Language
`
`FOURTH EDITION
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`'§ HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
`fil Boston New York
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`Page 1 of 3
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`SAMSUNG EXHIBIT 1018
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`SAMSUNG EXHIBIT 1018
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`Page 1 of 3
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`Words are included in this Dictionary on the basis of their usage.
`Words that are known to have current trademark registrations are
`shown with an initial capital and are also identified as trademarks. No
`investigation has been made of common-law trademark rights in any
`word, because such investigation is impracticable. The inclusion of any
`word in this Dictionary is not, however, an expression of the
`Publisher’s opinion as to whether or not it is subject to proprietary
`rights. Indeed, no definition in this Dictionary is to be regarded as
`affecting the validity of any trademark.
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`American Heritage® and the eagle logo are registered trademarks of
`Forbes Inc. Their use is pursuant to a license agreement with
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`Copyright © 2000 Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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`No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or
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`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Dam
`
`The American Heritage dictionary of the English lang'uage.—4th ed.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 0—395-82517-2 (hardcover) ~ ISBN 0-6l8—08230~l
`(hardcover with CD ROM)
`1. English 1anguage~Dictionaries
`PEl628 ../31623 2000
`423—dc21
`
`(}0~025369
`
`Manufactured in the United States of America
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`net’ | neuroanatorny
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`‘BELGIUM
`
`Netherlands
`
`
`
`. E
`nettle
`stinging nettle
`Urrica dioica
`
`netsuke
`carved wooden horse
`
`1181
`
`net ton n. See ton (sense 1).
`net-work (nE:tfwurk’)
`n. 1. An openwork fabric or structure in
`which cords, threads, or wires cross at regular intervals. 2. Something
`resembling an openwork fabric or structure in form or concept, especiai-
`ly: a. A system of iines or channels that cross or interconnect: a network
`of railroads. b. A complex, interconnected group or system: an espionage
`network. c. An extended group of people with similar interests or con-
`cerns who interact and remain in informal contact for mutual assistance
`or support. 3a. A chain of radio or television broadcasting stations
`linked by wire or microwave relay. b. A company that produces the pro-
`grams for these stations. 4a. A group or system of electric components
`and connecting circuitry designed to function in a specific manner. b.
`Computer Science A system of computers interconnected by telephone
`wires or other means in order to share information. Also called net.
`‘is 11.
`-worked, -work-ing, -works —tr. 1. To cover with or as if with an
`openwork fabric or structure. 2. To broadcast over a radio or television
`network. 3. Computer Science To connect (computers) into a network.
`—intr. To interact or engage in informal communication with others for
`mutual assistance or support. —net-‘work’er rt.
`Ne-tza-hual-c6-yotl (né-tsa'wa1-1<o!yot'1) A city of south—cen-
`tral Mexico, a suburb of Mexico City. Population: 1,341,230.
`Neu-bran-den-burg (not-bran-'dan—burg*, —bd'ork’) A city of
`northeast Germany north of Berlin. Founded in 1248, it is an industrial
`center. Population: 82,451.
`Neuvché-tel (no‘o’sha-tell, nyo‘o’-, nae-sha—), Lake of A narrow
`lake of northwest Switzerland near the French border. It is in a pictur-
`esque region with notable vineyards.
`Neuf-chéi-tel (no‘o’sha-tel’, noe’sh'ai-) n. A soft White cheese made
`from cow’s milk. [After Nenfchzitel, a town of northeast France]
`Neu-mann (110i’rni:in"), John von 1903-1957. Hungarian-born
`American mathematician who contributed to game theory, quantum me-
`chanics, and functional analysis.
`neume or neum (ncfinm, nyo‘om) n. A sign used in the notation of
`plainsong during the Middle Ages, surviving today in transcriptions of
`Gregorian chants. [Middle English, series of notes sung on one syllable,
`from Medieval Latin pneuma, from Greek, breath. See PNEUMA.] —neu-
`matfic (no’o-mat-'ik, nyo'o-) adj.
`Neu-rniinvster (noi—mI1inl'star) A city of north—central Germany
`south-southwest of Kiel. It is an industrial center. Population: 78,743.
`neur— pref. Variant of neuro~.
`neu-ral (ndorfal, nyo”or'-) adj. 1. Of or relating to a nerve or the
`nervous system. 2. Of, relating to, or located on the same side of the
`body as the spinal cord; dorsal. -—neufral-Iy adv.
`neural arch n. A bony or cartilaginous arch that arises from the
`dorsal side of a vertebra to enclose the spinal cord.
`neural crest n. The part of the ectoderm in a vertebrate embryo that
`lies on either side of the neural tube and develops into the cranial, spinal,
`and autonomic ganglia.
`neu-ral-gia (no‘o-rfilfja, nyob-) :1. Sharp, severe paroxysmal pain ex-
`tending along a nerve or group of nerves. —neu-ralfgic adj.
`neural network also neural net n. A real or virtual device, mod-
`eled after the human brain, in which several interconnected elements
`process information‘ simultaneously, adapting and learning from past
`patterns...
`neural plate :1. The thickened dorsai plate of ectoderm that differ-
`entiates into the neural tube and neural crest.
`neural tube n. A dorsal tubular structure in the vertebrate embryo
`formed by longitudinal folding of the neural plate and differentiating
`into the brain and spinal cord.
`neural tube defect 11. Any of various congenital defects of the
`brain and spinal cord, such as spina bifida, resulting from incomplete
`closi.ng of the neural tube i_n an embryo.
`neu-ra-min-i-dase (no'or’a~ui_inI'i—dfis’, —de'1z’, nyo”or’-) n. Aby-
`drolytic enzyme mat removes sialic acid from mucoproteins and is found
`chiefly in microorganisms of the respiratory and intestinal
`tracts.
`[neummin (:1: acid) (NF.UR(O)— + A.M£N(E)) + —1n(s) + —ASE.]
`neu-ras-the-ni-a (no“or’as-théfne-a, nyo‘or’-) n. Apsychological
`disorder characterized by chronic fatigue and weakness, loss of memory,
`and generalized aches and pains, formerly thought to result from exhaus-
`tion of the nervous system. No longer in scientific use. —neL1"ras-
`thenfic (-thenfik) adj. & n. —neu’ras-thenfi-cal-ly adv.
`neu-rec-to-my (no”o-rékfta-me, nyo'o—) n.,pl. —mies Surgical re-
`moval of a nerve or part of a nerve.
`neuori-lem-ma (no'or"a-lémfa, nyoor’-) n. The delicate membra-
`nous covering of a nerve fiber. [Alteration (influenced by Greek lemma,
`husk) of French névriléme : ne’vr—, nerve (from Greek neuro-, neuro-) +
`Greek eilema, veil (from eilein, to wind, turn; see wel-2 in Appendix 1).]
`—neu"ri-lemfmal adj.
`neu-ris-tor (no'o-risftar, nyo”o—) n. An electronic device that is capa-
`ble of relaying a signal without attenuation in velocity.
`[NEUR(0N) +
`(TRANS)I5TOR.]
`neu-ri-tis (no”o-ri»'tis, nyo‘T3—) n. Inflammation of a nerve or group
`of nerves, characterized by pain, loss of reflexes, and atrophy of the af-
`fected muscles. —neu-ritfic (—ritfik) adj.
`neuro- or neur— pref. 1. Nerve: neurohlast. 2. Neural: neuroparhol—
`ogy. [Greek, sinew, string, from neuron. See (s)neau- in Appendix 1.]
`neu-ro-a-nat-o-my (no“or'c'J—a—natVa-me, nycrorh) n., pl. —mies
`1. The branch of anatomy that deals with the nervous system. 2. The
`neural structure of a body part or organ: the neuroanatomy of the eye.
`—--neu’ro-an’a-tomli-cal (—ii_n’a-tt')mfi~kal) adj. —neu'ro-a-nat’-
`o-mist n.
`
`woven or knotted together at regular intervals. 2. Something made of
`openwork fabric, especially: a. A device for Capturing birds, fish, or in-
`- sects, b. A barrier against flying insects. c. A mesh for holding the hair
`' in place. d. Something that entraps; a snare. e. A fine mesh fabric used
`_ as curtain or dress material or as the foundation for various laces. 3.
`Sports a. A barrier of meshwork cord or rope strung between two posts
`to divide a court irt half, as in tennis and badminton. b. A ball that is hit
`' into this meshwork barrier. C. The goal in soccer, hockey, and lacrosse.
`d, The cord rneshwork attached to the hoop of a basket in basketball. 4.
`_ A meshed network of lines, figures, or fibers. 5. A radio, television, or
`eggphone network. 6. Computer Science See network (sense 4b). *2’ try.
`- netoted, net-ting, nets 1. To catch or ensnare in or as if in a net. 2.
`To cover, protect, or surround with or as if with a net. 3. Sports To hit
`(3 ball) into the net. 4. To make into a net. [Middle English, from Old
`' English. See ned- in Appendix I.] —net'ter n.
`net‘ (net) adj. 1. Business a. Remaining after all deductions have been
`made, as for expenses: netprofit. b. Remaining after tare is deducted: net
`Z weight. 2. Ultimate; final: the net result. 9 n. 1. Business A net amount,
`- as of profit or weight. 2. The main point; the essence: the net of our dis-
`cussian. 4' rm». net-ted. net-ting, nets 1. To bring in or yield as prof-
`it. 2. To clear as profit. [Middle English, elegant, remaining after deduc-
`' tions, from Old French, elegant, and from Old Italian netto, remaining
`after deductions, both from Latin niridus, clean, elegant. See NEAT‘.]
`Met (net) 1:. The Internet.
`Usage Note The word Net is usually capitalized when used as a noun
`in referring to the Internet, as opposed simply to computer networks of
`any type. Thus we might speak of one of the mostfreqaently visited sites
`on the Netbut tools for net navigation, since the latter might include tools
`that are designed for use on networks other than the Internet.
`
`-
`
`NET ahbr. National Educational Television
`.net alalar. network provider (in lntemet addresses)
`Ne-tan-Iya-hu (ner'n-yafhon, né'tsn-), Benjamin or Binyamin
`Born 1949. Israeli prime minister (1996-1999). He was elected to the is-
`raeli parliament in 1988, becoming the leader of the conservative Likud
`party in 1993.
`net asset value :1. The market value of ail securities owned by a
`mutual fund, minus its total liabilities, divided by the number of shares
`issued.
`net-back (nét7bak’) n. Linkage of the price of crude oil to the market
`price of products refined from it.
`Neth. abbr. Netherlands
`nethver (néthfor) adj. Located beneath or below; lower or under: the
`nether regions of the earth. [Middle English, from Old English neothera,
`from mother, down]
`Nethver-lands (néthfar-landz) Often cailed Hol-land (holfand). A
`country of northwest Europe on the North Sea. inhabited by Germanic
`tribes during Roman times, the region passed to the Franks (41th—Sth cen-
`tury), the Holy Roman Empire (10th century), the dukes of Burgundy
`(14th—l5th century), and then to the house of Hapsburg. The northern
`part of the region formed the Union of Utrecht in 1579 and achieved its
`independence as the United Provinces in 1648 after the Thirty Years’ War.
`In the 17th century the country enjoyed great commercial prosperity and
`expanded its territories in the East and West Indies and elsewhere. The
`kingdom of the Netherlands, proclaimed at the Congress of Vienna
`(1814-1815), included Belgium until 1830. Amsterdam is the constitu-
`tional capital and the largest city; The Hague is the seat of government.
`-
`_ Population: 15,380,000. —-Nethfer-|and’i5h (-lan’dish) adj.
`Netherlands Antilles Formerly Dutch West Indies. AI1auton~
`'_ onious territory of the Netherlands consisting of several islands in the
`Caribbean Sea, including Curacao and Bonaire off the coast of Venezuela
`and Saba, St. Eustatius, and the southern portion of St. Martin in the
`northern Windward Islands. Willemstad, on Curacao, is the capital. Pop-
`ulation: 192,056.
`" nethoer-most (nethfar—m6st’) adj. Farthest down; lowest.
`neth-er-world also nether world (néthfsr-world’)
`n. 1. The
`. World of the dead. 2. The part of society engaged in crime and vice: “In
`this black-white nether world, nobodyjndged the customers” (Malcohn X).
`-—neth’er-worldfly adj.
`' hE’t°i-quette (n§t"i-ké't', —l<il‘.) n. Etiquette practiced or advocated i.n
`electronic communication over a computer network.
`[(lNTER)NE‘l‘ +
`(ET)IQUeTrE.]
`.
`' net-ivzen (nét.-"i-zen) n. A person who is a frequent or habitual user
`of the Internet. [Blend of NET and CITIZEN.]
`net-keep-er (nétF1<e'par) n. See goalkeeper.
`net-su-ke (nétfsa-ké’) n., pl. netsuke or —kes Asmall toggle, often
`in the form of a carved ivory or wood figure, used to secure a purse or
`Container suspended on a cord from the sash of a kimono. [Japanese]
`Net-til-ling Lake (nechfa-ling) A freshwater lake of south—central
`Baffin Island in eastern Nunavut, Canada. It is frozen most of the year.
`|'|Et°ting (net-"ing) n. 1. An openwork fabric; a net. 2. The act or
`process of making a net. 3. The act or process of fishing with a net.
`|'|81:'fle (netfl) n. 1. Any of numerous plants of the genus Urtice.
`having toothed leaves, unisexual apetalous flowers, and stinging hairs
`that cause skin irritation on contact. 2. Any of various hairy, stinging,
`Of prickly plants. *3‘ mm -tlecl, -tllng, -’:les 1. To sting with or as if with
`a nettle. 2. To irritate; vex. [Middle English, from Old English netele. See
`ned- in Appendix 1.]
`nettle rash it. See hives.
`!I‘et-tle-some (net7l—sam) adj. Causing irritation or distress; vexe-
`t1ous_
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