United States Patent [191
`Wadhwani et al.
`
`[54] SECURITY SYSTEM
`[76] Inventors: Romesh Tekchand Wadhwani, 5559
`Beeler St.; Krishnahadi Sikun
`Pribadi, 120 Westland Drive, both
`of Pittsburgh, Pa. 15217
`‘ Sept. 13, 1973
`[22] Filed:
`[21] Appl. No.: 397,158
`
`[52] US. Cl. ........................... .. 340/164 R; 340/310 '
`[51] Int. Cl.2 ................. .. H04B 13/02; H04Q 11/00
`[58] Field of Search ...... .. 340/150, 152, 164 R, 310,
`340/216; 179/5
`
`[56]
`
`3,593,293
`$689,888
`3,694,579
`3,702,460
`
`,
`References Cited
`UNITED STATES PATENTS
`7/1971
`Rorholt ......... ..'. ............. .. 340/152 R
`9/1972 Woolton .................... .. _340/l64 R
`9/1972 McMurray.-. .......
`............ .. 179/5 R
`1 H1972 Blose ........ .I
`.... .. 340/150
`
`3,713,125
`
`1/1973
`
`Miller . . . . . . . . . .
`
`. . . . .. 340/224 R
`
`3,733,586
`3,810,096
`
`5/1973 Lusk et al. . . . . . .
`. . . . .. 340/310 R
`5/1974 Kabat et a1 .................... .. 340/147 R
`
`Primary Examiner-Donald J. Yusko
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Buell, Blenko &
`Ziesenheim
`
`[11]
`[45]
`
`3,925,763
`Dec. 9, 1975
`
`gencies, etc. in a home, apartment, institution, plant
`or other place of business via digitally-coded mes
`sages, to a central data station. This central station
`monitors or services a plurality of areas to be guarded
`or protected and manually or automatically directs or
`dispatches appropriate aid to the location or area from
`which the signal originated. Essentially, the system
`comprises sensors responsive to the occurrence of ab
`__ normal or emergency conditions which transmit digi
`tally-coded messages including information on self
`identi?cation and the nature of the emergency to a
`line ‘converter. The line converter decodes the signal
`and then adds on information identifying its own loca
`tion (e.g., room number, apartment number), and syn
`thesizes a combined digital message which is then \
`transmitted along power lines, such as the 110 Volt or
`220 Volt AC power circuits commonly used in homes,
`apartments, businesses and institutions, at transmis
`sion frequencies and voltages substantially different
`from the power frequency and voltage, to a master
`controller. The master controller receives and decodes
`the digitally-coded messages transmitted by the line
`converters and adds further location information (e. g.,
`street address) and synthesizes an appropriate digital
`ly-coded message which it communicates to one or
`more central stations using one or more of a variety of
`transmission media: telephone line, coaxial cable, '
`radio and external power line. Each central station
`services a plurality of master controllers in different
`protected areas.
`
`10 Claims, 24 Drawing Figures
`
`ABSTRACT
`[57]
`A security alarm system for selectively detecting and
`signalling abnormal or emergency conditions, such as
`robbery, assault, ?re, smoke, burglary, medical emer
`107
`Security Area 7
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`Page 1 of 20
`
`SAMSUNG EXHIBIT 1017
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent Dec.9, 1975
`
`Sheetlof 12
`
`3,925,763
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`
`Page 2 of 20
`
`

`
`US. Patent Dec.9, 1975
`
`Sheet2of 12
`
`3,925,763
`
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`Page 3 of 20
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent l-vDec.9, 1975
`
`Sheet30f 12
`
`3,925,763
`
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`Page 4 of 20
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent new‘, 1975
`
`I,Sheet40f12
`
`‘3,925,763
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`
`Page 5 of 20
`
`

`
`US. Patent Dec.9, 1975
`
`Sheet5 of 12
`
`3,925,763
`
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`Page 6 of 20
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`U.S. Patent Dec. 9; 1975
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`Sheet 7 of 12
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`3,925,763
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`

`
`US. Patent Dec.9, 1975
`
`Sheet 8 of 12
`
`3,925,763
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`Page 9 of 20
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent Dec.9, 1975
`
`Sheet9of 12
`
`3,925;763
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`Page 10 of 20
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`

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`57D9,mD
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`Sheet 10 of 12
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`3,925,763
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`U.S. Patent Dec. 9, 1975
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`Sheet 12 of 12
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`3,925,763
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`Page 13 of 20
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`

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`1
`
`SECURITY SYSTEM
`
`Present day trends toward massed housing in com
`munities and high-rise apartment complexes as well as
`wide spread changes in socio-economic conditions af
`fecting the aged, in?rm, or sick have accentuated the
`desirability, need and importance of effective security
`systems capable of effecting an alarm and/or a response
`to a signal by police, ?re bureau, medical or ambulance
`service to provide aid and‘ assistance to persons in
`volved in an emergency situation.
`Similarly, there is an increasing present-day need in
`institutions, such as schools and hospitals, and in indus
`trial plants, department stores, and other places of busi
`ness, for security protective systems which provide a
`prompt response and assistance to meet the emergency
`requirement of any particular situation, be it robbery,
`assault, burglary, ?re, sickness or injury to persons.
`We are aware of prior art patents relating to this sub
`ject. For example, US. Pat. No. 3,601,540, issued Aug.
`24, 1971 discloses a security system useful in the home
`and in commercial structures whereby to provide warn
`ing against impending danger, such as intruders, ?re,
`etc. The patent discloses circuitry whereby the alarm
`means may include automatic telephone dialing of a
`predetermined number, such as the nearest ?re station
`or police station, to deliver a voice message. We are
`also aware of a more recently issued patent, US. Pat.
`No. 3,694,579, dated Sept. 26, I972, which describes
`an emergency reporting digital communications system
`whereby a selectively activated encoder-transmitter
`communicates data via a computer relay receiver to a
`data center where an operator reads the computer out
`put and dispatches necessary assistance in response to
`the particular emergency decoded dispatch.
`Both of these patents are limited in their usefulness
`and are not adapted to provide the necessary scope, re
`liability and supervision or monitoring required for a
`security system suited, for example, to a massed hous
`ing situation or to an institutional application.
`‘It is an object, therefore, of our invention to provide
`a security system, involving digital communication net
`works, whereby a master controller services a large
`number of locations, such as rooms in a home or insti
`tution, or apartments in an apartment complex, and by
`a reliable communication medium, such as a telephone
`line,vdelivers a suitable message to a central station,
`where personnel are constantly on duty to see to the
`dispatch of the required assistance to the appropriate
`location. It is, moreover, an object of our invention to
`provide automatic supervision by the master controller
`of the line converters at the various locations and also
`of the intervening circuitry.
`We provide a security system comprising essentially
`?ve types of components, comprising (a) sensors actu
`ated manually or responsive to conditions, which initi
`ate transmission of digitally-coded messages to (b) a
`line converter which adds its own digital code to the
`digitally-coded data received from the sensors to pro
`vide a synthesized digital message communicated via a
`power line such as the usual 110 or 220 Volt, 60 or 50
`cycle, AC house wiring, to a'(c) remote input or output
`device such as a remote intelligence siren, and to a (d)
`master controller which receives all signals, stores
`them, processes them, adds its own, digital codes, and
`locally triggers an alarm while communicating via an
`appropriate communication medium (e,g.,' telephone
`
`3,925,763
`2
`line, coaxial cable, radio, external power line) with (e)
`a remote central station.
`The message transmitted by an active sensor includes
`complete identi?cation of its location and nature of the
`emergency, thereby inferentially serving to advise the
`nature of assistance required. The sensors are of the
`?xed location type activated automatically (as by open
`ing a door or window) or of the mobile type activated
`voluntarily by the person wearing or carrying the sen
`sor. The counterpart line converter which receives
`messages from a sensor ?rst stores it and then adds on
`its own digital code identifying its own location, which
`may be a speci?c room in a home, a room in an institu
`tion, or a speci?c apartment within an apartment com
`plex. The digital message transmitted by a line con
`verter is in the form of a coded electrical signal of much
`lower voltage and much higher frequency than that car
`ried in usual power circuits within the security area, for
`example, 110 or 220 Volts at 60 or 50 cycles.
`We further provide supervisory circuitry which ena
`bles a master controller to determine the status of the
`line converters connected to the power lines, that is,
`whether any of them have been activated or not, and
`whether any of the devices are malfunctioning or are
`disconnected from the power line.
`We further provide alternate circuitry wherein the
`sensors are of various types, such as the direct-wired
`type, the radio frequency (RF) type or ultrasonic (US)
`type. The RF and the US types communicate with their
`counterpart line converters by radio frequency or by
`ultrasonic waves, respectively.
`A preferred embodiment of our invention will be
`more fully described hereinafter, along with variations
`thereof, in connection with the accompanying draw
`ings, wherein:
`.
`FIG. 1 depicts in diagrammatic block form one form
`of the security system embodying our invention using a
`direct-wired link to the line converter;
`FIG. 2 shows a preferred variation of the embodi
`ment of FIG. 1 employing a radio frequency type sen
`sor;
`FIG. 3 shows a further variation of the embodiment
`of FIG. 1 employing an ultrasonic type of sensor;
`FIG. 4 shows a preferred variation of the embodi
`ment of FIG. 1, wherein the master controller and the
`central station communicate via radiotransmission me
`dia;
`FIG. 5 shows a further variation of the embodiment
`of FIG. 1, wherein the master controller and the central
`station communicate via a telephone network or coax
`ial cable, such as one channel of a television coaxial ca
`ble, using either leased voice-grade lines or regular
`switched lines;
`.
`FIG. 6 shows in diagrammatic block form a preferred
`embodiment of security system for an individual home
`or apartment;
`FIG. 7 shows in diagrammatic block form the func
`tional speci?cs of a sensor, whether of the RF, ultra
`sonic or direct wire type, including a digital encoder;
`FIG. 8 shows in diagrammatic block form a preferred
`form of digital encoder for use in the sensor of FIG. 7;
`FIG. 9 shows the speci?c circuitry for a preferred
`embodiment of the transmitter of the RF sensor type
`shown in FIG. 7;
`FIG. 10 shows the speci?c circuitry for a preferred
`embodiment of the transmitter of the ultrasonic (US)
`sensor type shown in FIG. 7;
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`FIG. 11 shows in diagrammatic block form the details
`of an embodiment of RF line converter in FIG. 2;
`FIG. 12 shows, fragmentally, a line converter (direct
`wire) variation of the line converter of FIG. 11, suited
`for directly wired input;
`FIG. 13 shows, fragmentally, a variation of FIG. 11,
`an embodiment of the ultrasonic line converter of FIG.
`3, used with a sensor of the ultrasonic type;
`FIG. 14 shows in diagrammatic block form the spe
`ci?c circuitry of an embodiment of the digital proces
`sor employed in the line converter embodiment shown
`in FIG. 11;
`FIG. 15 shows diagrammatically the format of the
`data transmitted by the digital processor shown in FIG.
`14;
`FIG. 16 shows the speci?c circuitry for the digital
`data averager and memory section in the digital proces
`sor of FIG. 14;
`FIG. 17 shows in diagrammatic block form a simpli
`?ed variation of the line converter of FIG. 11, suited to
`ultrasonic (US) transmission from the sensor;
`FIGS. 18 and 18A show alternative embodiments of
`circuitry whereby a line converter (of direct wire, RF,
`or US types) using the power line external to the secu
`rity area as a communication medium can be partially
`supervised by the master controller;
`FIG. 19 shows an embodiment of the circuitry
`whereby full supervision of line converters (of direct
`wire, RF or US types) may be obtained;
`FIG. 20 shows the timing diagram for the RF pulses
`generated by the supervisory circuit of FIG. 19, in re
`sponse to RF supervisory signals from the master con
`troller;
`FIG. 21 shows in diagrammatic block form the func
`tional specifics of the master controller in the embodi
`ment of FIG. 1;
`FIG. 22 shows an embodiment of the circuitry used in
`the master controller of FIG. 21 for the full supervision
`of the line converters and the power lines, utilizing
`timedivision multiplexing; and
`‘
`FIG. 23 shows in diagrammatic block forrn'the spe
`ci?cs of the equipment provided in the central station
`of the embodiment of security system shown in FIG. 1.
`‘ Referring to the drawings, particularly FIGS. 1-5,
`there is shown therein a security system embodying our
`invention, and variations thereof. In FIG. 1, a general
`security area 10 is shown, which may be a home, an
`apartment, an institution, an industrial plant, or other
`place of business. The system comprises a number of
`components within the security area, namely detectors
`11, line converter 12, and master controller 13. Out
`side the security area are located a remote control de
`vice 14 (such as a siren) and a central station 15. If de
`sired, device 14 may be located within the security
`area.
`In FIG. 2, a modi?cation of the embodiment in FIG.
`1 comprises a sensor 16 of the radio frequency type
`which communicates via electromagnetic waves with
`its counterpart line converter 12a. Similarly, in FIG. 3
`a further modi?cation of the embodiment of FIG. 1
`comprises an ultrasonic sensor 17 which communicates
`via ultrasonic waves with its counterpart line converter
`12b.
`Referring again to FIG. 1, the master controller 13
`comprises a line receiver 1 8, a controller digital proces
`sor 19, an alarm device 20 of the visual and/0r audible
`type, and a communicator 21 for transmitting signals
`via a communication link 22, which may be a telephone
`
`3,925,763
`4
`line, coaxial cable, radio-frequency link, high-voltage
`power line, direct cable or other, to the central station
`15.
`'
`The central station 15 comprises a communicator 23
`for receiving signals from the communicator 21 of the
`master controller, a central station digital processor 24,
`an internal alarm device 25 including visual and audi
`ble elements, and an external alarm device 26 including
`visual and audible elements.
`Referring to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, the detectors 11 are
`simply electrical switches such as magnetic switches,
`micro switches, slide switches, temperature-sensitive
`switches or smoke-sensitive switches. The switches may
`be of the normally-open or normally-closed type. They
`may be actuated manually, triggered by a person in dis
`tress, or they may respond automatically to a change in
`conditions such as the opening of a door, or change in
`pressure or temperature, smoke and the like. These de
`tectors may either provide an input signal directly (i.e.,
`direct-wire) to the line converter 12, as in FIG. 1, or
`through the intermediary of a sensor as in FIGS. 2 and
`3. As will be explained more fully hereinafter by refer
`ence to FIG. 7, the sensor (16, 17) comprises a digital
`encoder 27 and a transmitter 28 of either the radio fre
`quency (RF) or ultrasonic (US) type for signalling the
`counterpart line converter. The digitally coded signals
`originating at a sensor are received and interpreted by
`the counterpart line converter. As more 'fully explained
`later, the line converter 12a or 12b combines its own
`digital code with the digitally coded information re
`ceived from the sensor and then transmits the synthe
`sized digital signal via the power-line system 29 to the
`line receiver 18 of the master controller.
`The coded signal from a sensor identi?es the particu
`lar sensor activated and the type of emergency (e.g.,
`personal attack, medical emergency, robbery, burglary,
`. ?re). The line converter code added to the signal trans
`mitted to the master controller identi?es the location
`and status of the particular line converter activated.
`The master controller 13 is one common receiving
`unit within any security area. The security area may be
`a home, an apartment complex, an institution such as a
`school, hospital or prison, or a business or commercial
`establishment, such as a department store, a ware
`house, or a shop.
`As will be noted from FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, a plurality of
`detectors 11 in different locations transmit a signal to a
`common line converter 12, 12a, or 1212. Also, any num
`ber of additional line converters (not shown) may feed
`into the master controller 13 via the power-line system
`29. Additional details concerning the component parts
`of the sensors 16 and 17 and of the line converters 12,
`12a and 12b will be described later on in connection
`with FIGS. 7 through 16. As will be explained in more
`detail later in connection with FIG. 21, the master con
`troller 13 receives all signals from the line converters,
`stores them, processes them, adds its own digital codes
`and takes action of two kinds..Locally, it triggers the
`alarm 20 which gives visual and/or audible indication
`of the nature of the emergency, its location, and the
`person or property threatened. Also, the master con
`troller communicates with the remote central station
`15 using any one of several communication media of
`which FIG. 1 shows coaxial cable or direct wire 22,
`FIG. 4 shows radio, and FIG. 5 shows a telephone net
`work. If desired, a high-voltage external power-line sys
`tem may be employed also. The master controller 13
`sends digitally coded messages to the central station 15
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`5
`which include the information received from active line
`converters 12 (or 12a, 12b) as well as self-identifica-
`tion code providing information as to the location and
`nature of the emergency and a status message as to the
`operational and functional status of the various system
`components.
`It will be understood that a single central station‘l5
`services a large number of master controllers. Thus,
`there may be one central station 15 for an apartment
`complex in which there is one master controller 13 for
`each apartment-Alternatively, a single central station
`15 may service an entire area or region in which indi
`vidual security systems are provided for a number of
`homes or apartment buildings.
`'
`In FIG. 6 is depicted a security system for a typical
`home installation. The similarity of components, to
`those of FIG. 1 will be apparent. It will be noted that
`radio frequency type sensors 16 and line converters
`12a are employed. If desired, ultrasonic type sensors 17
`and line converters 12b may be employed, or direct
`wire line converters 12. Also, the master controller 13a
`communicates with the central station 15a via the
`switched telephone network 22a similar to that of FIG.
`5. The communicator 21a of the master controller 13a
`in FIG. 6 includes a digital dialer which is pre-pro
`grammed to automatically dial the telephone numbers
`associated with the central station 15a. The master
`controller 13a activates a local alarm 20a which pro
`vides audible/visual alarms with different alarm pat
`terns for different emergencies. This provides immedi
`ate local identi?cation of the emergency and informa
`tion as to the type of assistance required.
`It should be understood that the alternate embodi
`ments of security systems shown in FIG. 4 and 5 differ
`from that shown in FIG. 1 merely in the type of com
`munication medium employed between the master
`controller and the central station. Accordingly, the
`master controller, the central station and components
`thereof in FIGS. 4 and 5 are designated by the same ref
`erence numerals, as in FIG. 1 except for the addition of
`the suffix letter “a” and suf?x letter “b”.
`Referring now to FIGS. 7-16 inclusive, additional de
`tails of the sensors and line converters will be de
`scribed.
`'
`As shown generally in FIG. 7, the signal input to the
`digital encoder 27 of the sensor is provided by one or
`more detectors 11, represented by a normally-open
`electric switch 11a, though if desired, a normally
`closed switch may be employed. A change in the state
`of the switch 1 la may be effected manually or automat
`ically in response to a change of conditions (e.g., pres
`sure, heat, smoke, etc.). The details of one embodi
`ment of the digital encoder 27 are shown in block form
`in FIG. 8. In this ?gure, a gating latch 30 stores input
`information upon sensor actuation and turns on the
`voltage-controlled oscillator 31, bit width counter 32,
`address counter 33 and timer counter 34. The voltage
`controlled oscillator 31 determines the subcarrier fre
`quency and its frequency is controlled by the data out
`put from the read only-memory element 35. The bit
`width counter 32 determines the number of waves of
`subcarrier for one data bit length. A message consists
`of a ?xed number of sequential data bits. The address
`counter 33 sequentially selects data bits from the read
`only-memory element 35 or from external data (cg,
`type of emergency —- depending on the alternative
`means of actuation). Timer counter 34 determines the
`number of messages to be transmitted, and upon enter
`
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`3,925,763
`ing the end of transmission resets the gating latch 30
`which in turn resets the entire circuit.
`a
`FIG. 9 shows the details of one embodiment of the
`frequency modulated RF transmitter 28 of FIG. 7. In
`FIG. 9, the transistor 36 and its associated parts form
`an RF oscillator. Inductor 37 and capacitors 38, 39,
`and 40 determine the frequency of the oscillations.
`Current through transistor 36 can be gated on or off by
`transistor 41 and hence, an enable input to transistor
`41 can be used to gate the oscillator on or off. Applying
`the signal to subcarrier input at 42 modulates the oscil
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`lator.
`‘
`In FIG. 10, the details of an embodiment of the alter
`- native ultrasonic transmitter of FIG. 7 are shown. In
`this ?gure,'logic gates 43 and 44 form a low power os
`15
`cillator whose frequency is determined by resistor 45
`and‘ capacitor 46 and to a large extent by the natural
`resonance frequency of the bimorph ultrasonic trans
`ducer 47. Driving the enable input 48 low turns the os
`cillator on, while driving it high turns the oscillator off.
`A subcarrier signal applied to input 49 both frequency
`modulates and amplitude modulates the output signal
`from the transducer 47.
`'
`FIG. 11 shows in block diagram form a preferred em
`bodiment of the line converter 12a of FIG. 2. The sig
`nal transmitted by RF sensor 16 is received by an RF
`receiver-demodulator 51. FIG. 12 shows a block dia
`gram variation of FIG. 11 wherein the input signal is
`over a direct wire rather than via an RF sensor. FIG. 13
`shows a block diagram variation of FIG. 11, wherein an
`ultrasonic receiver-demodulator 51a is provided.
`In any event the input signal is transmitted directly or
`through RF receiver-demodulator 51 or through ultra
`sonic receiver-demodulator 51a to a digital processor
`52. The output signal of the receivers 51, 51a is an en
`coded subcarrier. The digital processor 52 ‘decodes this
`subcarrier and recovers the digital messages received.
`These messages are stored in a memory, as more fully
`described in connection with FIG. 14, until they are
`ready for a retransmission. RF detector 53 detects the
`presenceof transmission from other line converters. If
`the power line (29) is clear of a transmission signal,
`time delay element 54 is actuated and after a predeter
`mined time delay, RF generator and modulator 55 is
`activated sending a signal to the RF ampli?er 56 which
`in turn transmits an RF signal along the power line (29)
`system. Isolator 57 isolates the power current from the
`radio—frequency circuits. As shown, the digital data
`from the digital processor 52 modulates a subcarrier
`signal generated in the subcarrier generator and modu
`later 58, and the modulated subcarrier signal then
`modulates the RF signal generated in the RF generator
`and modulator 55. The digital message is sent repeat
`edly and continuously for a predetermined time unless
`a request for extension (received from the master con
`troller) is sensed by the RF detector 59.
`FIG. 14 shows, in block diagram form, a more de
`tailed circuitry for the digital processor 52 of FIG. 11.
`The subcarrier input signal received from the RF de-
`modulator 51 is detected and demodulated by the sub
`carrier demodulator 60 which gives ‘data output, write
`clock and subcarrier detect signals. If a subcarrier is de
`tected, monostable element 62 is triggered producing
`positive voltage output for a period sufficient to trigger
`gate 63 which in turn puts the digital data averager 64
`in “write” mode. During this period, the data produced
`by the subcarrier ‘demodulator 60 are averaged and
`stored and‘ partially decoded.