The Sierra Club Outdoors %
`Guide for Families
`_ by Marlyn Doan
`
`_
`
`Petitioner Ex. 1036 Page 1
`
`
`Guide for Families
`_ by Marlyn Doan
`
`_
`
`Petitioner Ex. 1036 Page 1
`
`
`
`STARTING
`SMALL
`IN THE
`WILDERNESS
`‘QTEIIZJE SJIEJRJIMA @‘.Il;@
`
`©Efl’iEE)©©L%§3 C%@H@E
`
`FGDE3 EARflU11aHE©
`
`Sierra Club Books
`San Francisco
`
`Petitioner Ex. 1036 Page 2
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`Petitioner Ex. 1036 Page 2
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`lands, woodlands, wild shores and rivers, deserts and
`plains. The publishing program of the Sierra Club
`offers books to the public as a nonprofit educational
`service in the hope that they may enlarge the public’s
`understanding of the Club’s basic concerns. The point
`of view expressed in each book, however, does not
`necessarily represent that of the Club. The Sierra Club
`has some 50 chapters coast to coast,
`in Canada,
`Hawaii, and Alaska. For information about how you
`may participate in its programs to preserve wilderness
`and the quality of life, please address inquiries to
`Sierra Club, 730 Polk Street, San Francisco, CA 94109.
`
`Copyright © 1979 by Marlyn Doan
`
`All rights reserved. No part of this book may be
`reproduced in any form or by any electronic or
`mechanical means, including information storage and
`retrieval systems, without permission in writing from
`the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
`
`Doan, Marlyn, 1936-
`Starting small in the wilderness.
`
`Bibliography: p.
`Includes index.
`
`1. Family recreation. 2. Wilderness areas—
`Recreational use.
`1. Sierra Club.
`II. Title.
`GV18.2.8.D53
`>90.19’1
`79-748
`ISBN 0—87156—253-7
`
`We gratefully acknowledge Frederick H. Kahn, M.D.
`and Barbara R. Visscher, M.D. for permission to
`reprint material from "Water Disinfectant in the Wil-
`derness, A Simple, Effective Method of Iodination."
`T718 Western Iaumal of Medicine (122): pp. 450-453.
`
`Illustrations by Linda Wagoner
`Jacket design by Ion Goodchild
`Book design by Leigh McLellan
`Printed in the United States of America
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`10
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`Petitioner Ex. 1036 Page 3
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`Petitioner Ex. 1036 Page 3
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`Acknowledgments
`
`1 Before You Begin
`
`2 Getting Ready
`
`3 General Gear
`
`4 Children's Gear
`
`5 Hiking and Backpacking
`
`168_
`
`6 Backcountry Bicycling
`
`7 Backcountry Water Sports
`
`8 Winter Activities
`
`9 In Camp with Children
`
`Epilogue
`
`Appendix: Resources
`
`Check Lists
`
`Index
`
`191
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`200
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`217
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`235
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`256
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`258
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`265
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`269
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`Petitioner Ex. 1036 Page 4
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`Petitioner Ex. 1036 Page 4
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`child in the out—of-doors until the child's weight be-
`comes more than your back can handle or until you are
`ready to introduce trail walking. There are two basic
`carrier designs: the front carrier, for the very young, and
`the frame carrier, appropriate from the time the baby
`has developed enough to sit up. Baby carriers are a joy
`to children. For the infant in the front carrier, the close-
`
`ness to the parent creates a feeling of secure comfort.
`Older babies in back carriers have a great vantage point
`on the trail—they can see everything the adult sees.
`Regardless of the child's age,
`the adult’s movement
`soothes and lulls. Most children sleep as well in a carrier
`as they ever do at home.
`When you invest in a child carrier, you can use it
`everywhere—for
`shopping, neighborhood walking,
`gardening, and comforting sick children. In the out-
`doors you can carry the child on the trail and keep the
`baby secure on your back as you work in camp. In the
`process you develop a strong set of back muscles.
`
`Front Carriers
`
`A front carrier provides head, neck, and back sup-
`port for an infant. The parent's hands are free to touch
`and hold the child or to do any work necessary. In one
`way or another, a front carrier ties the baby onto the
`parent's chest. You put on the child and carrier the way
`you would a piece of clothing. Some front carriers are
`easier to get into than others. All require practice.
`There are a number of front carriers available. The
`
`most elaborate and expensive is the Snugli, which is
`designed to literally snuggle the child to the parent. Al-
`though expensive, it has features which accommodate
`the growth of the child. Snaps can be adjusted and tucks
`or darts can be opened to create the proper fit. Later you
`can resew the tucks for a second baby in the family. The
`design allows for easy nursing. As children grow too
`heavy for front carrying, the Snugli can be used as a
`frameless back carrier. Some people even carry two- and
`
`Petitioner Ex. 1036 Page 5
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`Petitioner Ex. 1036 Page 5
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`layer in cool weather.
`
`Figure 59. Snug?! from baby carrier
`
`Gerry makes two versions of the soft—sty1e baby car-
`rier. The Cuddler looks like a sunsuit and has straps and
`buckles for attaching the infant to the parent. It is meant
`for babies up to about eight months old. The Happy
`Baby carrier goes on the infant like clothing and then
`ties with straps to the parent. The design is meant to
`extend use into the toddler years. Both styles can be
`worn on the parent's front or back, but neither accom-
`modates the baby’s growth the way the Snugli does.
`Their prices, however, are less than half that of the
`Snugli.
`Other choices include traditional carriers from vari-
`ous cultures around the world. You can often find these
`
`Petitioner Ex. 1036 Page 6
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`Petitioner Ex. 1036 Page 6
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`rial with long straps extending from each corner. The
`bottom straps tie around the parent's waist;
`the top
`straps go over the shoulders, cross in the back, and tie in
`the front. The baby's bottom rests in a pouch created at
`the waist edge of the square. The top of the square sup-
`ports the infant’s head. This type of carrier can be made
`inexpensively at home in a material
`that suits your
`warmth needs. To a simple, lined, twenty—inch square
`you attach (at a slight angle) two l‘ifty—inch-long top
`straps and two forty~inch-long bottom straps. Presto-
`you have an excellent cloth carrier.
`Figure 60. Easy-to-imike Chinese baby carrier‘
`
`
`
`The Japanese Komori band is a cloth ten inches wide
`and twelve—and—a-half feet long which wraps around
`both child and parent. If you purchase one, have the
`sales clerk show you how to tie it on. You will need
`some practice to master the band's complexities.
`The one drawback to the soft—style front carrier is
`extra, unneeded warmth in hot weather. The material
`
`encircles the child, and the walking parent also gener-
`ates heat. If you are making a simple version, such as
`the Chinese carrier, you might consider meshy materials
`which ventilate in the summer.
`
`Frame Carriers
`
`A youngster old enough to sit up can be toted in one
`of several frame-carrier designs. Check with your physi-
`
`Petitioner Ex. 1036 Page 7
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`Petitioner Ex. 1036 Page 7
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`sonably heavy, the carrier is designed to be worn on the
`parent's back.
`The Gerry frame carrier has padded shoulder straps,
`the child faces the parent’s back, and the new designs
`have a stand attached to the frame. The stand opens out
`on a hinge so that the carrier can become a child seat in
`camp. Although caution must be exercised, the seat is
`Figure 61. Gerry frame baby carrier
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`Petitioner Ex. 1036 Page 8
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`Petitioner Ex. 1036 Page 8
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`convenient for feeding youngsters. Inside the carrier is
`an adjustable swing seat where the child's bottom rests;
`under the seat there is some storage space. The Gerry
`carrier has an inner belt that buckles around the child's
`
`waist. Usually youngsters cannot climb out; if the parent
`should fall, the belt keeps the baby from being thrown.
`In the Easy Rider child carrier made by Himalayan,
`the child can face front or back (there are two sets of leg
`holes for the indecisive parent). A small, zippered stor-
`age compartment hangs below and outside the carrier
`seat
`
`Any carrier which accommodates a heavier child—
`even fifteen pounds is heavy—requires a hip belt. You
`must add your own belt to the Gerry carrier and the
`Easy Rider. Some padded belts designed for a regular
`backpack or an unpadded, webbed—nylon belt will
`work. Without the belt the parent can develop hand
`numbness from the pressure of the shoulder straps on
`the radial nerve.
`
`Another option in child carriers is manufactured by
`Antelope Camping Equipment. The carrier fits onto An-
`telope's regular backpack frames, which come in three
`
`Petitioner Ex. 1036 Page 9
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`Petitioner Ex. 1036 Page 9
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`regular Antelope pack. Antelope sells items separately
`and to fit, so you can order a hip belt, either plain nylon
`or padded, to your own measurements.
`In the Antelope carrier, the child faces away from the
`parent. The design places the weight high enough to
`avoid an uncomfortable backward pull,
`the problem
`usually confronted with a back-facing carrier. The An-
`telope catalogue is difficult to read, but you will discover
`some interesting alternatives if you read the fine print
`carefully.
`
`Back—Fac1'ng vs. l-"rcmt—l-"arcing
`the child’s body goes
`With a front—facing carrier,
`with the movement of the parent so the backward pull is
`eliminated. In the front—facer the child can sleep with his
`or her head on the carrier rim and on the parent's back
`and shoulder. The Gerry carrier comes with a pad for
`this purpose. For old Gerry carriers you can snap on a
`pad or make your own pillowlike arrangement.
`Children facing front can peer over the parent's
`shoulders and explore the world with their eyes. Young
`children also like to explore with their hands, and a
`parent’s hair and ears are right there to be touched.
`Touching, however, can lead to pulling, and for this
`reason some parents choose a back—facing carrier. If you
`purchase a back-facer, be sure that the child’s weight
`rides high on your back.
`
`Carrier Safety
`With a child on your back you need to take extra care
`in many situations. When brush or trees overhang, be
`sure that twigs and branches do not hit your youngster.
`In muddy weather take precautions against falling. Car-
`riers can be used with bikes and skis, but be certain that
`you pick routes that are child-safe. It is unwise to try out
`steep hills on cross-country skis when you have a child
`on your back, but you could find a level trail that is safe
`enough to ski.
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`Petitioner Ex. 1036 Page 10
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`Petitioner Ex. 1036 Page 10
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`carrier stand. An active child can tip over a carrier's‘eat,'
`When you use the stand, stay with the child.
`"
`'
`"
`
`Why Bother?
`Taking babies and toddlers on backcountry trips is -'= -'
`hard work. You may be asking, "Why bother?” Many
`people go backpacking with their very young children to
`avoid cutting off their own outdoor experiences. Baby-
`sitters are not always available, and those who are can
`be very expensive. In addition, young children need to
`be with their parents; separation at some ages can be
`difficult. Parents usually decide that, despite all the
`extra work and bother, going with very young children
`is preferable to staying home and missing the backcoun-
`try they love.
`
`Petitioner Ex. 1036 Page 11
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`Petitioner Ex. 1036 Page 11
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`__ snowshoeing. and cross-country skiing. The author em-
`phasizes the special responsibilities involved in sharing
`the wilderness experience with children — providing
`games and amusements during inclement weather.
`establishing camp rules. teaching safety and first aid —
`as well as the joys of discovering the natural world.
`After reviewing tents. stoves. cooking pots — all the
`gear necessary for wilderness travel —— the author gives
`special attention to clothing and equipment difficult to
`obtain for children. including raingear. packs. and sleep-
`ing bags. Instructions for making your own gear inexpen-
`sively and with minimum sewing skills also are includ-
`ed. along with step-by-step illustrations.
`
`STARTING SMALL is. finally. a guide to safe.
`responsible. low~impact camping — from choosing an ap-
`propriate site. to setting boundaries. toileting. fires.
`breaking camp. and packing it out. Here are ways to in-
`troduce your child to the joys of wilderness travel and to
`help preserve wild country for future generations.
`
`Marlyn Dean has published articles on wilderness
`activities with children in many national outdoors
`' magazines. She lives in Seattle with her husband and
`her three children — Laura. David. and Amy.
`
`A Sierra Club Outdoor Activities Guide
`
`Ill ||||||||||||||l|||||||||||IIIIIIIIIII
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`Starling‘ Small in lhe Wi|derne...ub Outdoors "Guide for Families
`Used, Good
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`M
`
`Petitioner Ex. 1036 Page 12
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