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`EERITAGE®
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`Words are included in this Dictionary on the basis of their usage.
`Words that are known to have current trademark registrations are
`shown with an initial capital and are also identified as trademarks. No
`investigation has been made of common—law trademark rights in any
`word, because such investigation is impracticable. The inclusion of any
`word in this Dictionary is not, however, an expression of the
`Publisher’s opinion as to whether or not it is subject to proprietary
`rights. Indeed, no definition in this Dictionary is to be regarded as
`affecting the Validity of any trademark.
`
`American Heritage® and the eagle logo are registered trademarks of
`Forbes Inc. Their use is pursuant to a license agreement with
`Forbes Inc.
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`Copyright © 2000 Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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`inquiries to Reference Permissions, Houghton Mifflin Company,
`222 Berkeley Street, Boston, MA '02116.
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`Visit our Web site: www.hmco.com/trade.
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`Library of Congress CataIoging—fir—Publication Dam
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`The American Heritage dictionary of the English language—4th ed.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 0-395v82517-2 (hardcover) — ISBN 0-618—08230—1
`(hardcover with CD ROM)
`1. English language—Dictionaries
`PEI628 .A623 2000
`423—dc21
`
`00—025369
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`Manufactured in the United States of America
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`NOX EXHIBIT 2018-2
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`throttle | thrum2
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`a pat
`oi boy
`i pay
`on out
`a case
`66 took
`a father
`0’?) boot
`é pet
`it cut
`6 be
`in urge
`'i pit
`th thin
`i pie
`th this
`it pier
`hw which
`6 pot
`2h vision
`5 me
`a about, item
`6 paw
`O regionalism
`
`Stress marks: I (primary);
`’ (secondary), as in
`dictionary (dik’sha-nér’é)
`
`1803
`
`such as cotton or wool. [Middle English, from Old English]
`(hrot'tle (thrét’l) n. 1. A valve that regulates the flow of a fluid, such
`a; the valve in an internal»combustion engine that controls the amount
`of vaporized fuel entering the cylinders. 2. A lever or pedal controlling
`Such avalve.
`'2' tr.v. -tled, -tling, «tles 1a. To regulate the flow of (fuel)
`in an engine. b. To regulate the speed of (an engine) with a throttle. 2.
`To suppress: tried to throttle the press. 3. To strangle; choke. [Short for
`llnottle valve, from throttle,
`to strangle, choke, from Middle English
`Motels”, probably from throte, throat. See THROATJ —throtltler n.
`throt-tle-hold (throtIl-hold') n. See stranglehold (sense 2).
`(ha)th (thrcTo) prep. 1. In one side and out the opposite or another
`side of: went throung the tunnel. 2. Among or between; in the midst of:
`a walk through the flowers. 3. By way of: climbed in through the window.
`43, By the means or agency of: bought the antique vase through a dealer.
`b, Into and out of the handling, care, processing, modification, or con-
`sideration of: Her application went through our office. Run the figures
`through the computer.
`5. Here and there in; around: a tour through
`ance. 6. From the beginning to the end of: stayed up through the night.
`7. At or to the end of; done or finished with, especially successfully: We
`an: through the initial testing period. 8. Up to and including: a play that
`runs through December,- a volume that covers A through D. 9. Past and
`without stopping for: drove through a red light. 10. Because of; on ac-
`count of: She succeeded through hard work. He declined the honor through
`modesty.
`'3' adv. 1. From one end or side to another or an opposite end
`or side: opened the door and went through. 2. From beginning to end;
`completely: I read the article once through. 3. Throughout the whole
`extent or thickness; thoroughly: warmed the leftovers clear through,- got
`soaked through in the min; a letter that was shot through with the writer’s
`personality. 4. Over the total distance; all the way: drove through to their
`final destination. 5. To a conclusion or an accomplishment: see a matter
`through. 4‘ adj. 1. Allowing continuous passage; unobstructed: a through
`street. 2a. Affording transportation to a destination with few or no stops
`and no transfers: a through bus; a through ticket. b. Continuing on a
`highway without exiting: through traflic; through lanes. 3. Passing or ex-
`tending from one end, side, or surface to another: a through beam. 4.
`Having finished; at completion: She was through with the project. 5.
`Having no further concern, dealings, or connection: I’m through with
`him. 6a. Having no more use, value, or potential; washedup: That
`swimmer is through as an athlete. b. Doomed to death or destruction.
`—idiom.' through and through 1. In every part; throughout: was
`wet through and through. 2. In every aspect; completely: a success through
`and through. [Middle English thurh, through, from Old English thurh. See
`(era-2 in Appendix I.]
`through-com-posed (thrcfii’kampozd') adj. Having a different
`melody for each strophe.
`through-ly (thro‘o’le) adv. Archaic Thoroughly.
`throughoout (thrtfiJ-out') prep. In, to, through, or during every part
`of; all through: The road is kept open throughout the year.
`-:~ adv. 1. In
`or through all parts; everywhere: The material is flawed throughout. 2.
`During the entire time or extent: Though unsure how her speech would be
`received, she remained calm and professional throughout.
`through-put (thro'o’po'ot’) 11. Output or production, as of a com—
`puter program, over a period of time.
`through-way (thro‘o’wé’) n. Variant of thruway.
`throve (throv)
`v. A past tense of thrive.
`throw-Eng.
`throw (thro)
`v. threw (thrcTo), thrown (Lhron),
`throws fir. 1. To propel through the air with a motion of the hand
`or arm. 2. To discharge into the air by any means: a machine that throws
`tertliis balls; ash that was thrown by an erupting volcano. 3. To hurl or fling
`with great force or speed: threw themselves an the food; jetsam that had
`been thrown up onto the shore. 43. To force (an opponent) to the ground
`or floor, as in wrestling or the martial arts. b. To cause to fall off: The
`horse threw its rider. 5. Informal To cause confusion or perplexity in; dis-
`concert or nonplus: We didn’t let our ti'orries throw us. 6. To put on or
`Off hastily or carelessly: throw on a jacket. 7a. To put (suddenly or force—
`fully) into a given condition, position, or activity: threw him into afit of
`laughter; threw some supper together,- threw her leg over the arm of the
`chair. b. To devote, apply, or direct: threw all their resources inth the new
`endeavor; threw the blame onto the others. 8. To form on a potter‘s wheel:
`thrown vase. 9. To twist (fibers) into thread. 10. Gainesa. To roll (dice).
`b. To roll (a particular combination) with dice. c. To discard or play (a
`card). 11. To send forth; project: She threw me a look of encouragement.
`12. To cause (one’s voice) to seem to come from a source other than one—
`self. 13. To cause to fall on or over something; cast: The rising sun threw
`shadows across the lawn. We threw sheets over thefurniture before wepaint-
`ed the ceiling. 14. To bear (young). Used of cows or horses, for example.
`15. To arrange or give (a party, for example). 16. To move (a [ever or
`switch) in order to activate, deactivate, or control a device. 17. Informal
`To lose or give up (a contest, for example) purposely. 18. To abandon
`Oneself to; have: heard the news and threw afit. 19. To commit (oneself),
`especially for leniency or support: threw himself on the mercy of the court.
`20. To deliver (a punch), as in boxing: threw a left hook. ——intr. To cast,
`fling, or hurl something. 4' n. 1. The act or an instance of throwing. 2.
`The distance to which something is or can be thrown: a stone’s throw
`away. 3. Games a. A roll or cast of dice. b. The combination of numbers
`so obtained. 4. Informal A single chance, venture, or instance: “could
`afford up to forty-five bucks a throw to wax sentimental over their heritage"
`(John Simon). 5. Sports The act of throwing or a technique used to throw
`an opponent in wrestling or the martial arts. 6a. A light coverlet, such
`as an afghan. b. A scarf or shawl. 7a. The radius of a circle described
`by a crank, cam, or similar machine part. b. The maximum displacement
`of a machine part moved by another part, such as a crank or cam. 8.
`
`Geology The amount of vertical displacement of a fault. ~phrasal
`Verbs: throw away 1a. To get rid of as useless: threw awayyesterday’s
`newspaper: b Games To discard: threw away two aces. 23. To fail to take
`advantage of: threw away a chance to make a fortune. b. To waste or use
`in a foolish way: threw away her inheritance. 3. To utter or perform in an
`offhand, seemingly careless way: The play’s villain throws away the news
`that the house has burned down. throw back 1. To hinder the progress
`of; check: The troops were thrown back. 2. To revert to an earlier type or
`stage in one’s past. 3. To cause to depend; make reliant. throw in 1. To
`insert or introduce into the course of something: threw in a few snide
`comments while they conversed. 2. To add (an extra thing or amount)
`with no additional charge. 3. To engage (a clutch, for example). throw
`off 1. To cast out; rid oneself of: threw ojj‘all unpleasant memories. 2. To
`give off; emit: erhaust pipes throwing offfumes. 3. To distract, divert, or
`mislead: Crossing the stream, he threw the tracking dogs off. A wrong meas-
`urement threw her estimate off. 4. To do, finish, or accomplish in a casual
`or offhand way; toss off: threw off a quick response to the letter. throw
`ope" To make more accessible, especially suddenly or dramatically:
`threw open the nomination. throw out 1. To give off; emit: searchlights
`throwing outpowerful beams. 2. To reject or discard: The committee threw
`out herproposal. 3. To get rid of as useless: threw out the garbage. 4. In-
`formal To offer, as a suggestion or plan: They sat around throwing out
`names ofpeople they might want to invite to theparty. 5. To force to leave
`a place or position, especially in an abrupt or unexpected manner: The
`convicted judge was throer out of office. The headwaiter threw the disor—
`derly guest out. 6a. To disengage (a clutch, for example). b. To put out
`of alignment: threw my back out. 7. Baseball To put out (a base runner)
`by throwing the ball to the player guarding the base to which the base
`runner is moving. throw over 1. To ovarturn: threw the cart over. 2. To
`abandon: threw over her hojfriend offour years; threw over the company
`they themselves hadfounded. 3. To reject. throw up 1. To vomit. 2. To
`abandon; relinquish. She threw up her campaign for mayor. 3. To con—
`struct hurriedly: shoddy houses that were thrown up in a few months. 4. To
`refer to something repeatedly: She threw up his past to him whenever they
`argued. 5. To project, play, or otherwise display (a slide, videotape, or
`other recorded image): threw the tape of vacation highlights up on the
`screen. -—idioms: throw cold water on To express misgivings about
`or disapproval of; discourage. throw in the towel (or sponge) To
`admit defeat; give up. throw oneSelf at To make efforts to attract the
`interest or affection of (another). throw (one's) weight around
`Slang To use power or authority, especially in an excessive or heavy-
`handed way. throw the baby out with the bath water Slang To
`discard something valuable along with something not desired, usually
`unintentionally. throw up (one’s) hands To indicate or express utter
`hopelessness: He threw up his hands and abandoned the argument. [Mid»
`dle English throwen, to turn, twist, hurl, from Old English thrriwan. See
`tera-1 in Appendix I.] —throw’er n.
`Synonyms throw, cast, hurl, fling, pitch, toss These verbs mean to pro-
`pel something through the air with a motion of the hand or arm. Tth
`is the least specific: throwinga ball; threw the lifepreserver to the struggling
`swimmer. Cast usually refers to throwing something light: cast herfishing
`line into the stream. Hurl and flingmean to throw with great force: "Him
`the Almighty Power/Hurl'd headlongflamingfrom th’ Ethereal Sky” (John
`Milton). Heflnng the tarpaulin over the boat. Pitch often means to throw
`with careful aim: “a special basket in mysnldy. .
`. into which I pitch letters,
`circulars, pamphlets and so forth" (H.G. Wells). Toss usually means to
`throw lightly or casually: “Compton tossed the card away" (Edith Whar-
`ton). See also synonyms at confuse.
`throw-a-wayhhro’a‘wa') n., pl. -ways 1. Something designed or
`likely to be discarded after use, as a free handbill distributed on the street.
`2. A child or teenager who has been rejected, ejected, or abandoned by
`parents or guardians and lives on the streets. 4' adj. 1a. Designed or
`intended to be discarded after use: throwawaypackaging. b. Readily dis»
`carding things: a throwaway society. c. Having been rejected, ejected, or
`abandoned by parents or guardians: throwaway children living on the
`streets. 2. Written or delivered in a low-key or offhand manner: “a sen-
`tence fragment or quirky throwaway metaphor" (Joyce Carol Oates).
`throw-back (thro’bak’) n. 1. A reversion to a former type or anv
`cestral characteristic. 2. See atavism (sense 2).
`throw-in (thro’in’) n. A play used to restart play in soccer after the
`ball has gone met the sideline, in which a player on the team not respone
`sible for putting the ball out of bounds flings the ball with both hands
`over the head back onto the field.
`thrown (thron)
`1’. Past participle of throw.
`throw pillow n. A small pillow used chiefly for decoration, as on a
`couch.
`throw rug it. See scatter rug.
`throw-star (thro’star) n. One that twists fibers into thread.
`throw-weight or throw weight (thro’wat’) n. The total weight
`of the warhead or warheads, guidance systems, and other payload of a
`missile, not including the weight of the rocket.
`thru (throb) prep, adv. 8( adj. Informal Through.
`thrum1 (thrum)
`v. thrummed, thrum-ming, thrums ~2r. 1.
`Music To play (a stringed instrument) idly or monotonously: thrummed
`a guitar. 2. To speak, repeat, or recite in a monotonous tone of voice;
`drone. fintr. 1. Music To strum idly on a stringed instrument. 2. To
`speak in a monotonous [one of voice; drone.
`r? n. A thrumming sound.
`[Imitative]
`thrum’ (thrfim) n. 13. The fringe of warp threads left on a loom after
`the cloth has been cutoff. b. One of these threads. 2. A loose end, fringe,
`or tuft of thread. 3. thrums Nautical Short bits of rope yarn inserted
`
`lili.
`
`and
`n ill");-
`
`rove (throv), thrived or um,"
`
`wild deer that throve here" (1% r'
`11 Old Norse thrifask, “flakes;
`rtion of the neck. 2. Anatomy“e
`retween the rear of the mouth and
`1nd the pharynx. 3. A narrow pas.
`a or calyx where the tube joins mg
`;, thlgats To pronounce with 1
`‘am (orzshove) down (some,
`) accept or consider: always mm.
`'aat. [Middle English throte, from
`trap passing under the neck of a
`
`Uttered or sounding as if uttered
`, or husky. —throat'i-|y ad“
`
`abcbing, throbs 1. To beatrap.
`2. To vibrate, pulsate, or sound
`it engines throbbing. Q: n. The a“
`[Middle English
`pasm of pain, as in childbirth. See
`
`collapse. [Middle English throne,
`
`use in blood that facilitates blood
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`wrap n
`person.
`2. A bl:
`or lava
`movie.
`finally
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`news it
`wrapt
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`wrat
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`from I
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`Wral
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`worsen | wrap
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`tr. 8( inn-.v. -ened, -en°ing, -ens To make or
`
`wars-en (\Vfit’san)
`become worse.
`wors'er‘(wfir’sar) adv. Erodj. Nonstandard Worse.
`war-ship (war/ship) n. 1a. The reverent love and devotion accorded
`a deity, an idol, or a sacred object. b. The ceremonies, prayers, or other
`religious forms by which this love is expressed. 2. Ardent devotion; adv
`oration. 3. often Worship chiefly British Used as a form of address for
`magistrates, mayors, and certain other dignitaries: Your Worship.
`sttv.
`-shiped. ~ship°ing, -ships or -shipped, -ship-ping, -ships —tr. 1.
`To honor and love as a deity. 2. To regard with ardent or adoring esteem
`or devotion. See synonyms at revere‘. -intr. 1. To participate in reli-
`gious rites of worship. 2. To perform an act of worship. [Middle English
`worshipe, worthiness, honor, from Old English weorthscipe : weorth,
`worth; see wonm‘ + —scipe, -ship.] —wor/ship'er, wor’ship-per n.
`woroship-ful (wfir’ship-fal) adj. 1. Given to or expressive of wore
`ship; reverent or adoring. 2. Chiefly British Used as a respectful form of
`address. ~wor’ship-ful-ly adv. —worlship-ful-ness n.
`worcsle-ya (won/152-9)
`n. A bulbous Brazilian plant (Worsleya
`myneri) having lilac-colored, dark-spotted flowers and black seeds. [New
`Latin l’lbrsleya, genus name, after Arthington l'Vorsley (1861—1943), Brit-
`ish botanist and civil engineer.]
`worst (Wurst) adj. Superlative of bad'. ill. 1. Most inferior, as in
`quality, condition, or effect. 2. Most severe or unfavorable. 3. Being
`furthest from an ideal or a standard; least desirable or satisfactory.
`‘5‘ adv. Superlative of badly, ill. In the worst manner or degree.
`‘3- tr.v.
`worst-ed, worst-ing, worsts To gain the advantage over; defeat.
`‘:~ n. Something that is worst. —idioms: at (thE) worst Under the
`most negative circumstances, estimation, or interpretation: At worst, the
`storm will make us postpone the trip. 961 (or have) the worst of it To
`suffer a defeat or disadvantage. if (the) worst comes to (the) worst
`If the very worst thing happens.
`in the worst way Informal Very
`much; a great deal: wanted to be elected in the worst way. [Middle English,
`from Old English wyrsta. See wers- in Appendix 1.]
`worst-case (wfirst’kas’) adj. Most unfavorable; being or involving
`the worst possibility: "hos etczeded even the worst-case estimate of his
`harshest critics” (Alan Cranston).
`worosted (wo'os’tid, wur'stid) n. 1. Firm-textured, compactly twist»
`ed woolen yarn made from long-staple fibers. 2. Fabric made from such
`yarn. [Middle English, variant of worthstede, after Worthstede (Won
`stead), a village of eastern England] —-wor/sted adj.
`wort‘ (wfirt, wort) n. A plant. Often used in combination: Iiverworr;
`milkwort. [Middle English, from Old English wyrt. See wréd- in Appen»
`dix 1.]
`wort2 (wfirt, wort) n. An infusion of malt that is fermented to make
`beer. [Middle English, from Old English wyrt. See wréd- in Appendix 1.]
`worth‘ (wfirth) n. 1. The quality that renders something desirable,
`useful, or valuable: the worth of higher education. 2. Material or market
`value: stocks having a worth of ten million dollars. 3. A quantity of some»
`thing that may be purchased for a specified sum or by a specified means:
`ten dollars’ worth of natural gas; wanted their money’s worth. 4. Wealth;
`riches: her net worth. 5. Quality that commands esteem or respect; merit:
`a person ofgreat worth.
`~:~ adj. 1. Equal in value to something specified:
`worth its weight in gold. 2. Deserving of; meriting: a proposal not worth
`consideration. 3. Having wealth or riches amounting to: a person worth
`millions. —idioms: for all (one) is worth To the utmost of one’s
`powers or ability. for what it’s worth Even though it may not be ime
`portant or valuable: Here‘s myadvice, forwhot it’s worth. [Middle English,
`from Old English weorth. See Wer-2 in Appendix 1.]
`worth! (wt‘rrth)
`intnv. worthed, worth-lug. worths Archaic To
`befall; betide: “Hawlye, Woe worth the day!” (Ezekiel 30:2). [Middle Eng-
`lish worthen, from Old English weorthan. See wer—2 in Appendix 1.]
`War-thing (wfir’thing) A borough of southeast England on the Eng-
`lish Channel south-southwest of London. It is a seaside resort. Popula~
`tion: 92,600.
`worthvless (wfirth'lis) adj. 1. Lacking worth; of no use or value. 2.
`Low; despicable. ~worth’less'ly adv. —worth'less-ness n.
`worth-while (wurth'hwil’, -w11') adj. Sufficiently valuable or im»
`portant to be worth one’s time, effort, or interest. —worth’while’ness
`n.
`war-thy (war/the) adj. ~thi-er. -thi-est 1. Having worth, merit, or
`value; useful or valuable. 2. Honorable; admirable: a worthy fellow 3.
`Having sufficient worth; deserving: worthy to be revered; worthy of ac-
`claim.
`‘I- n., pl. -thie5 An eminent or distinguished person. —wor’thi‘
`Iy adv. ——wor/thi-ness n.
`—worthy Stiff. 1. Of sufficient worth for: credim'orthy. 2. Suitable or
`safe for: craslnvorthy. [From WORTHY]
`wot (wot)
`v. First and third person singular present tense of WW.
`[Middle English writ, from Old English wot. See weid- in Appendix 1.]
`Wo-tan (voltan‘) n. Mythology A German god identified with Odin.
`[Germam from Middle High German, from Old High German Wuotan.
`See wet-’ in Appendix 1.]
`Wouk (wok), Herman Born 1915. American writer whose novels in-
`clude The Cuine Mutiny (1951), for which he won a Pulitzer Prize, and
`The Winds of War (1971).
`would (wd‘od) uiL‘cV. Past tense of willZ 1. Used to express desire or
`intent: She said she would meet us at the corner. 2. Used to express a wish:
`Would that we had gone with you! 3. Used after a statement of desire,
`request, or advice: I wish you would stay. 4. Used to make a polite request:
`Wouldyou go with me? 5. Used in the main clause of a conditional state-
`ment to express a possibility or likelihood: If I had enough money, I would
`buy a car. We would have gone to the beach, had the weather been good. See
`Usage Note at if. 6. Used to express presumption or expectation: That
`
`v. Archaic Second
`
`would he Steve at the door. 7. Used to indicate uncertainty: He would Seem
`to be getting better. 8. Used to express repeated or habitual action in the
`past: Every morning we would walk in the garden.
`would-be (wo’od’bE’) adj. Desiring, attempting, or professing to be;
`“lilould—be home buyers will have a somewhat easier time getting loans"
`(Wall Street loumal).
`wouldon't (wo'od/nt) Contraction of would not.
`wouldst (wtfodst) or would-est (wo‘od/ist)
`person singular past tense of Willz.
`wound‘ (wtfimd) n. 1. An injury, especially one in which the skin or
`another external surface is torn, pierced, cut, or otherwise broken. 2. An
`injury to the feelings. ~trv. wound-ed, wound-ing, wounds ——rr,
`To inflict wounds or a wound on. wintr. To inflict wounds or a wound;
`harsh criticism that wounds. [Middle English, from Old English wand.
`See wen-z in Appendix I.) —wound’ed-ly adv. ~wound'ing-[y
`adv.
`wound” (wound)
`v. Past tense and past participle of windl.
`Wm .
`wogde‘ (wound)
`v. Music A past tense and a past participle of
`Wound-ed Knee (wo‘on’d‘id) A creek of southwest South Dakota.
`Some 200 Native Americans were massacred here by US. troops on De—
`cember 29, 1890.1n 1973 a standoff between Indian activists and US. law
`officers resulted in deaths on both sides.
`wounchwort (woond'wfirt’, -wort’) n. 1. See betony (sense 1),
`2. Any of several plants formerly used to treat wounds.
`wove (wov)
`v. Past tense of weave.
`wonvemwolvan) v. Past participle of weave. ~:~adj. Made byweaw
`ing: a finely woven rug. {r n. Material or a fabric made by weaving.
`wove paper n. Paper made on a closely woven wire roller or mold
`and having a faint mesh pattern. [Variant past participle of \VEAVE.].
`Woevo-ka (wo-volka) Also called Jack Wilson. 1858?—I932. Paiute
`religious leader who founded the Ghost Dance movement. The move
`ment faded when a number of its followers, thought to have supernatural
`protection, were massacred at Wounded Knee (1890).
`wow1 (won) Informal interj. Used to express wonder, amazement, or
`great pleasure.
`‘:~ n. An outstanding success.
`rtv try. wowed, wow.
`ing, wows To have a strong. usually pleasurable effect on: a perfor-
`mance that wowed the audience
`wow2 (won) a. Slow variation in the pitch of a sound reproduction
`resulting from variations in the speed of the recording or reproducing
`equipment. [Imitative.]
`wow-ser (won/zar) 11. Australia & New Zealmrd A person regarded
`as obnoxiously puritanical. [Possibly from dialectal wow, to howl, com-
`plain, of imitative origin.]
`WOZ'I’Il'E-tkhvéz'né-ék’), Stephen Born 1950. American computer
`engineer who cofounded Apple Computers (1975).
`WP abbr. 1. weather permitting 23. word processing b. word processor
`WPA ubbr. Work Projects Administration
`W particle 11. See w boson.
`wpm ahbr. words per minute
`WRAC ahbr. Women’s Royal Army Corps
`wrack‘ also rack (rak) n. 1. Destruction or ruin. 2. A remnant or
`vestige of something destroyed. [Middle English, from Old English wrrrc,
`punishment (influenced by Middle Dutch wrak, shipwreck).]
`wrack’ also rack (rak) n. 13. Wreckage, especially of a ship cast
`ashore. b. Chiefly British Violent destruction of a building or vehicle. 28.
`Dried seaweed. 11. Marine vegetation, especially kelp.
`'5 v. wracked,
`wrack-ing, wracks also racked, rack'ing. racks ~—tr. To cause the
`ruin of; wreck. —intr. To be wrecked. [Middle English wrok, from
`Middle Dutch]
`WRAF abbr. Women’s Royal Air Force
`wraith (rath) n. 1. An apparition of a living person that appears as a
`portent just before that person’s death. 2. The ghost of a dead person.
`3. Something shadowy and insubstantial. [Origin unknown]
`Wran~gel Island (rang’gal, vran’gyil) An island of northeast Russia
`in the Arctic Ocean northwest of the Bering Strait. Discovered in 1867.
`it is named in honor of Ferdinand Petrovich von Wrangel (17964870).
`a Russian explorer who made an unsuccessful attempt to locate the island
`(18204824).
`Wran-gell (ring’g‘el), Mount A peak, 4,319.7 m (14,163 ft) high, of
`the central Wrangell Mountains in southern Alaska.
`Wrangell Mountains A mountain range of southern Alaska ex—
`tending about 161 km (100 mi) from the Copper River to the Canadian
`border. Mount Bona, at 5,032.5 m (16,500 ft), is the highest peak.
`wran-gleuang'gal) v. -gled, -gling, -gles wintr. To quarrel nois—
`ily or angrily; bicker. See synonyms at argue. —tr. 1. To win or obtam
`by argument. 2. To herd (horses or other livestock).
`it. u. 1. The act of
`wrangling. 2. An angry, noisy argument or dispute. [Middle English
`wrangle", of Middle Low German origin. See war-2 in Appendix 1.]
`wranegler (rang’glar) n. 1. One who wrangles or quarrels. 2. A
`cowboy or cowgirl, especially one who tends saddle horses.
`wrap (rap)
`v. wrapped or wrapt (rapt), wrap-ping, wraps -—U-
`1. To arrange or fold (something) about as cover or protection: Slit
`wrapped herfur coat closely about herself. 2. To cover, envelop, or came»
`as by folding or coiling something about: wrapped my head in a scar]. 3-
`T0 enclose, especially in paper, and fasten: wrap a package; wrapped "P
`the peelings. 4. To clasp, fold, or coil about something: She wrapped ll"
`arms about his neck. 5. To move (text that will not fit on a line) will?
`matically to the following line. 6. To envelop and obscure: Fog wrap!"
`the city. 7. To surround or involve in a specified quality or atmosphflf:
`The plan was wrapped in secrecy. 8. To engross: She was wrappld ‘"
`
`NOX EXHIBIT 2018-4
`IPR2016-01822
`
`
`
`thought. —intr. 1. To coil or twist about or around something: Theflag
`wrapped around the pole. 2. To be moved automatically to the following
`line upon reaching a margin. Used of text. 3. To put on warm clothing.
`Usually used with up. 4. To conclude filming: The movie is scheduled to
`wrap nest week.
`0} n. 1. A garment to be wrapped or folded about a
`person, especially an outer garment such as a robe, cloak, shawl, or coat.
`2. A blanket. 3. A wrapping or wrapper. 4. A flatbread, such as a tortilla
`or lavash, rolled around a filling. 5. The completion of filming on a
`movie. —phrasal verb: wrap up 1. To bring to a conclusion; settle
`finally or successfully: wrap up a business deal. 2. To summarize; recapit~
`ulate. —idiams: under wraps Informal Secret or concealed: “The
`news was kept under wraps for the three-day weekend" (Boston Globe).
`wrapped up in 1. Completely immersed or absorbed in: She is wrapped
`up in her studifl. 2. Involved in: They were wrapped up in criminal activ—
`ities. [Middle English wrappen. See wer-2 in Appendix 1.]
`wrapOa'round (r5p’a»round’)
`adj.
`1. Designed to be wrapped
`around the body and fastened: a wraparound skirt. 2. Shaped to curve
`around the sides: a wraparound windshield. 3. Sports Of or being a shot,
`as in ice hockey, made after going behind the goal and turning sharply
`toward the side or front of the net.
`'3‘ n. 1. A garment that is open to
`the side and is wrapped around the body. 2. Something that encompass—
`es or laps over something else. 3. A ten placement feature, as of a word
`processing program, that automatically moves text that will not fit on
`one line to the following line. 4. Sports A wraparound shot or goal.
`wrap-per (rap’ar) n. 1. That in which an object is wrapped or cov-
`ered, as: a. The material, such as paper, in which something is wrapped:
`a candy wrapper. b. The material encircling a magazine or newspaper
`sent by mail. C. A book jacket. d. The tobacco leaf covering a cigar. 2.
`A loose dressing gown or negligee. 3. One that wraps, as a store employee
`who wraps parcels.
`wrap-ping (rap/ing) also wrap-pings (-ingz) n. The material in
`which something is wrapped.
`wrapt (rapt)
`v. A past tense and a past participle of wrap.
`wrap-up (raplup’) n. 1. Abrief final summary, as of the news. 2. A
`concluding or final action: the wrap-up ofa campaign.
`wrasse (r55)
`ll. Any of numerous chiefly tropical, often brightly col-
`ored marine fishes of the family Labridae, having spiny fins, thick lips,
`and powerful jaws, and often valued for food. [Cornish gwragh and
`Welsh gwmch, old woman]
`wrath (rath, rath) n. 1. Forceful, often vindictive anger. See synonyms
`at anger. 2a. Punishment or vengeance as a manifestation of anger. b.
`Divine retribution for sin.
`0:~ adj. Archaic Wrathful. [Middle English,
`from Old English wrtfiththu, from wrath, angry. See war-1 in Appendix
`1.]
`Wrath (rath), Cape A promontory at the northwest extremity of the
`Scottish mainland.
`wrathoful (rath/fal, rathh) adj. 1. Full of wrath; fiercely angry. 2.
`Proceeding from or expressing wrath: wrathful vengeance. See synonyms
`at angry. —wrath/ful-|y adv. —wrath’ful-ness n.
`wreak (rek) tr.v. wreaked, wreak-tag, wreaks 1. To inflict (ven»
`geance or punishment) upon a person. 2. To express or gratify (anger,
`malevolence, or resentment); vent. 3. To bring about; cause: wreak havoc.
`4. Archaic To take vengeance for; avenge. [Middle English wrekeu, from
`Old English wrecan.]
`Usage Note Wreak is sometimes confused with it'reck, perhaps be—
`cause the wreaking of damage may leave a wreck: The storm wreaked (not
`wrecked) havoc along the coast. The past tense and past participle of wreak
`is wreaked, not wrought, which is an alternative past tense and past par~
`ticiple of work.
`
`wreath (réth) 11., pl. wreaths (rethz, reths) 1a. A ring or circlet of
`flowers, boughs, or leaves worn on the head, placed on a memorial, or
`hung as a decoration. b. A representation of this ring or citclet, as in
`woodwork. 2. A curling or circular form: a wreath of smoke. [Middle
`English wrethe, from Old English writha, band. See wet-2 in Appendix
`1.]
`v. wreathed, wreath-ing, wreathes in: 1. To
`Wreathe (rEth)
`twist or entwine into a wreath. 2. To twist or curl into a wreathlike shape
`or contour. 3. To crown, decorate, or encircle with or as if with a wreath.
`4. To coil or curl. 5. To form a wreath or wreathlike shape around.
`—intr. 1. To assume the form of a wreath. 2. To curl, writhe, or spiral:
`The smoke wreathsd upward. [From WREATHJ
`wreck (rek) n. 1. The act of wrecking or the state of being wrecked;
`destruction. 2. Accidental destruction of a ship; a shipwreck. 3a. The
`stranded hulk of a severely damaged ship. b. Fragments of a ship or its
`cargo cast ashore by the sea after a shipwreck; wreckage. 4. The remains
`of something that has been wrecked or ruined. 5. Something shattered
`or dilapidated. 6. A person who is physically or mentally broken down
`Orworn out. o v. wrecked, wreck-ing, wrecks —tr. 1. To cause the
`destruction of in or as if in a collision. 2. To dismantle or raze; tear
`down. 3. To cause to undergo ruin or disaster. See synonyms at blast,
`ruin. See Usage Note at wreak. ——intr. 1. To suffer destruction or ruin;
`become wrecked. 2. To work as a wrecker. [Middle English wrek, from
`Anglo—Norman wrec, of Scandinavian origin; akin to Old Norse rec,
`wreckage]