P‘-:MAH‘l"J
`
`180.031‘. 8802 3' 1993
`I..au4..-), 4....
`.*‘..‘ISl!IEF}Ei-11;‘.°-"*1" mm:
`
`10.4.3 M.AU-—DTE Electrical Characteristics. If the AU] is exposed, the electrical characteristics for
`the driver and receiver components connected between the DTE Physical Layer circuitry and the MAU
`shall be identical with those as specified in Section 7 ofthis standard.
`
`10.5 Characteristics of Coaxial Cable System. The trunk cable is of constant impedance, coaxial con-
`struction. It is terminated at each of the two ends by a terminator (see 10.6.2), and provides the transmis-
`sion path for connection of MAU devices. Coaxial cable connectors are used to make the connection from
`the cable to the terminators and between cable sections. The cable has various electrical and mechanical
`requirements that shall be met to ensure proper operation.
`
`10.5.1 Coaxial Cable Electrical Parameters. The parameters specified in 10.51 are met by cable
`types RC} 58 A/U or RG 58 C/U.
`
`10.5.1.1 Characteristic Impedance. The average characteristic cable impedance shall be 50 1 2 9.
`Periodic variations in impedance along a single piece of cable may be up to i3 :12 sinusoidal. centered
`around the average value, with a period ofless than 2 m.
`
`10.5.1.2 Attenuation. The attenuation ofa 185 m (600 ft) cable segment shall not exceed 8.5 dB mea-
`sured at 10 MHz, or 6.0 dB Ineasured at 5 MHZ.
`
`10.5.1.3 Velocity of Propagation. The minimum required velocity ofpropagation is 0.65 c.
`
`10.5.1.4 Edge Jitter; Entire Segment Without DTES Attached. A coaxial cable segment meeting
`this specification shall exhibit edge jitter of no more than 8.0 ns in either direction at the receiving end
`when 185 m (600 ft) of the cable is terminated at both ends with terminators meeting the impedance
`requirements of 10.6.2.1 and is driven at one end with pseudorandorn Manchester encoded binary data
`from a data generator that. exhibits no more than 1.0 ns of edge jitter in either direction on half bit cells of
`exactly ‘/2 BT and whose output meets the specifications of 10.4.1.3, except that the rise time of the signal
`must. be 30 ns + 0, — 2 ns. and no offset component in the output current is required. This test shall be con-
`ducted in a noise-free environment. The above specified component is not to introduce more than 7 ns of
`edge jitter into the System.
`
`10.5.1.5 ‘Transfer Impedance. The coaxial cable medium shall provide sufficient shielding capability
`to minimize its susceptibility to external noise and also to minimize the generation of interference by the
`medium and related signals. While the cable construction is not mandated, it is necessary to indicate a
`measure of performance expected from the cable component. A cablc’s EMC performance is determined, to
`a large extent, by the transfer impedance value of the cable.
`The transfer impedance of the cable shall not exceed the values shown in Fig 106 as a function of fre-
`quency.
`
`10.5.1.6 Cable DC Loop Resistance. The sum of the center conductor resistance plus the shield
`resistance measured at 20 °C shall not exceed 50 ITIQ/IT1.
`
`10.5.2 Coaxial Cable Physical Parameters
`
`10.5.2.1 Mechanical Requirements. The cable used should be suitable for routing in various envi-
`ronments, including but not limited to, dropped ceilings, raised floors, and cable troughs as well as
`throughout open floor space. The jacket shall provide insulation between the cable sheath and any building
`structural metal. Also, the cable shall be capable of accepting coaxial cable connectors, described in 10.6.
`The cable shall conform to the following requirements.
`
`10.5.2.1.1 General Construction
`
`(1) The coaxial cable shall consist of a center conductor, dielectric, shield system, and overall insulating
`jacket.
`(2) The coaxial cable shall be sufficicntly flexible to support a bend radius of5 cm.
`
`175
`
`Aerohive - l
`
`Aerohive - Exhibit 1026
`0173
`
`

`
`ISDHEC El-S02-3 : 1993
`A.."l.':‘-l.:"Il-EEE Std 302.3, 1993 Eulitinn
`
`LOCAL AND Ml7lTFtDF*C|LlTAIfi' AREA N'E2I"WC|RKS:
`
`I II
`II
`.1-llII=l
`ZIIIIIIIICIIIIIIIIFHIIIIIIIIZIIIIIIII
`_-'""'—' "llll-Illllll-Illlllll
`—u
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`II
`
`.
`
`IILLIEIIEIHITEI
`
`IDK
`
`1lI0|l
`
`1
`
`1H
`FIEQUEHLT 5;
`
`IEH
`
`l
`
`Fig 10.5
`Mnxilnum Coaxial Cable "h'amil'er Impedance
`
`1fl.5.2.1.2 Center Cnnduetor. The center conductor ahall he stranded. tinned copper with an over-
`all diameter (if 1139 mm :l: 0.05 mm.
`
`1[!I.5.2.1.3 Dielectric Material. The dielectric may he of any type, provided that the conditions of
`10.5.1.2 and 10.5.1.3 are met; however, a solid dielectric is preferred.
`
`1I‘J.5.2.1.4 Shielding System. The ahielding ayatern may contain both braid and foil element:-1 auFfi-
`cient to meet the tranaier impedance of 1CI.5.1.5 and the EMU specifications of 10.8.2.
`The inaide diameter of the sthiclding system shall be 2.95 mm i 0.15 mm.
`The shielding system shall be greater than 95% coverage. The use of tinned copper braid is recom-
`mended to meet the contact reaiatanee and sliielding requirements.
`
`1[!I.5.2.1.5 Overall Jacket
`
`{I} Any one of several jacket materials shall be used pmvide-:1 the specifications of 10.5.1 and 10.5.2 are
`met.
`
`(2) Either of two jacket dimensions may he used for the two broad classes of materials provided the
`specification of 10.5.2.1.1 are met:
`(a} Polyvinyl chloride (for example, PVC) or equivalent having an OD nl':1-.9 mm i 0.3 mm.
`{b} Fluurnpnlymer (for example, FEP, ECTFEJ In‘ equivalent having an OD 0174.8 mm 1: 0.3 mm.
`
`The cable Shall meet applicable flammability and amoke criteria to meet the local and national codes for
`the installed environment (nee 10.3.3).
`
`Different types of cubic sections {for example, polyvinyl chloride and fiuompolymer dielectric} may be
`interconnected, while meeting the sectioning requirements of 1fl.'i'.2.1.
`
`1'16
`
`Aerohive - E
`
`Aerohive - Exhibit 1026
`0174
`
`

`
`-«
`l.._c:.‘.‘l."_“:D
`
`199.’!
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`mu 'INIVr.*l.\n\i
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`i
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`
`10.5.2.2 Jacket Marking. It is recommended that the cablejacket be marked with manufacturer and
`type at a nominal frequency of at least once per rneter along the cable
`
`10.5.3 Total Segment DC Loop Resistance. The sum of the center conductor, connectors, and shield
`resistance shall not exceed 10 £2 total per segment. Each in-line connector pair or MAU shall contribute no
`more than 10 m9.
`
`As a trunk coaxial cable segment consists of several cable sections, all connectors and internal resistance
`of the shield and center cmlductnr shall be included in the loop resizatance measurement.
`
`10.6 Coaxial Trunk Cable Connectors. The trunk coaxial medium requires termination and is parti-
`tioned intu sections. Devices to be attached to the medium require a means of connection to the medium.
`This means is provided by a BNC “T” adapter, as shown in Fig 10-7.
`
`SINGLE MOULDING
`SNAP CLOSE EIODY
`
`FLYING COVER TO INSULATE
`MALE "T" CONNECTOR WHEN
`WITHDRAWN FROM DTE
`
`INSULATING COVER
`
`{Tutorial only and not part of the standard.)
`
`Fig 10-’?
`Examples of Insulated Connector Cover
`
`The BNC connectors shall be of the 50 £2 constant impedance type. High-quality versions of these connec-
`tors (per IEC 169-8 [4l) are recommended in order to meet dc loop resistance and reliability considerations,
`All of the coaxial connectors shall follow the requirements as defined in 10.6.3.
`
`177
`
`7 er 1Ve - E
`
`Aerohive - Exhibit 1026
`0175
`
`

`
`LSCIILEC 8502-3: 1993
`ANSIFIEEE Std 302.3, 1993 Edition
`
`L-CICaLA'N'|'.| Ml?lTll‘.0POIJ'EsNAREA NETWCIEKS:
`
`10.6.1 In-Line Coaxial Extension Connector. All coaxial cables shall be terminated with ENC plug
`connectors. A means shall be provided to ensure that the connector shell (which connects to the cable
`sheath] does not maloe contact with any building metal (at ground potential] or other unintended conduc-
`tor.
`
`An insulating sleeve or boot slipped over the connector at installation time is suitable.
`In-line coaxial extensions shall be made with BN-C receptacle-to-receptacle connectors joined together to
`form one “ha:-rel."An insulating sleeve or boot shall also be provided with each barrel assembly.
`
`10.6.2 Coaxial Cable Terminator
`
`10.6.2.1 Coaxial cable terminators are used to provide a termination impedance for the cable equal in
`value to its characteristic impedance, thereby minimizing reflection from the -ends of the cables. Termina-
`tors shall be packaged within a male or female connector. The termination impedance shall be 50 Q i 1%
`measured from 0-20 MHz, with the magnitude ofthe phase angle of the impedance not to exceed 5“. The
`terminator power rating shall be 0.5 W or greater. A means of insulation shall be provided with each termi-
`nator.
`
`10.0.3 l.'I{AU-to-Coaxial Cable Connection. A ENG "T" (plug, receptacle, plug) adaptor provides a
`means of attaching a MAU to the coaxial cable. The connection shall not disturb the transmission line
`characteristics of the cable significantly; it shall present a low shunt capacitance. and therefore a negligi-
`bly short stub length. This is facilitated by the MAU being located as close to its cable connection as possi-
`ble; the MAU and connector are norrno.l1y considered to be one assembly. Long (greater than 4 cm)
`connections between the coaxial cable and the input of the MAU jeopardize this objective.
`Overall system perfonnunce is dependent largely on the MAU-to-coaxial cable connection being of low
`shunt capacitance.
`The design of the connection shall meet the electrical requirements contained in 10.-1-.1.1 and the reliabil-
`ity specified in 10.4.2.3. The use of E-NC “T” adaptors and connectors satisfies these requirements.
`Figure 10-7 shows a ll-[AU-to-coaxial cable attachment.
`Ameans shall be provided to ensure that the connector assembly {that is, BN0 “'1'” plus male connectors)
`does not make contact with any building mctalwork {at ground potential) or any other unintended conduc-
`tors. An insulating cover should therefore be applied after connection. A possible design is depicted in
`Fig 10-7. The insulating cover should have these characteristics:
`
`(1)
`(2)
`
`{3}
`
`lt should guard against accidental gran riding of the connector assembly.
`It should allow ease of attachment and detachment of an assembled "'I"' connector to the MAU with-
`out necessitating the removal of section cable connectors {that is, segment integrity is maintained).
`It should be a simple moulding that attaches firmly to a connector assembly.
`
`11].’? System Considerations
`
`10.7.1 Transmission System Model. Certain physical limits have been placed on the physical trans-
`mission system. These revolve mostly around maximum cable lengths [or maximum propagation times}, as
`these can affect critical time values for the CSMAUCD access method. These maxima, in terms of propaga-
`tion times, were derived from the physical conflgurafion model described here. The maximum configura-
`tion is as follows:
`
`ill Atrunlr coaxial cable, terminated in its characteristic impedance at each and, constitutes a coaxial
`segment. A coaxial segment may contain a maximum of 135 m (600 ft} of coaxial cable and a maxi-
`IUILIII oi'3fl MAUS. The propagation velocity ofthe coaxial cable is assumed to be 0.65 I: minimum (I:
`= 3 x 103 min]. The maximum end—tn-end propagation delay for a coaxial segment is 950 mg.
`Repeater sets are required for segment interconnection. Repeater sets occupy MAU positions on
`coaxial segments and count toward the rnaicimum number of MAUs on a coaxial segment. Repeater
`sets may be located anywhere on a coaxial segment,
`The maximum transmission path permitted between any two MA.Us is limited by the number of
`repeater sets that can be connected in series [that is, four). The maximum number of segments con-
`nected in series is therefore five (Fig 10-33. which shall consist of no more than three tapped, coaxial
`segments; the remainder shall be link segments as defined in 3.6.1.
`
`178
`
`Aerohive - E
`
`Aerohive - Exhibit 1026
`0176
`
`

`
`l:lEi|]2—E|- .' 1933
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`
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`5 ET 3
`
`Fig I0-B
`Maximum T1'l.IIIIlIIilliI3l1 Path
`
`I'n.no mould be 1a1.i—;i1 In iriuuru r.'u: '.h-.- -mfrL_r n-.;u.i.rei:'.n:nL-3 are met when E11-I“lI<lllI|{ Ln-P :r-ml: nmlr hr the use of
`.'-'I'I"l'l*‘.
`:u-neuter: Inn 10 1.2.5-
`
`The transmission .mten:i may also contain segments mmpnsing trunk comma‘: cable speufied :11
`jun 8', however. these shall be attached
`repeater 1.2515 sud: a combinnliiin of scgnwnts is
`capable of achieving "Longer lE'.‘l'Ig'lJ".II Umn [ill above. the n:I.a:|iI:auJJJ configuration than bet-omea lim-
`LI:.t-ll by propagation delay. 'l'§rpi|
`l1T.ll:'-!i..5l’.‘.! scgrnentu should out be used to bfldglr two T‘;rpc 1UBA.SE:fi
`!|l.‘j{l'l‘i£'IlT.5.
`
`ID-9, 1.0-10, and 10-11 ebow l.‘l'IlI'iIl.l'l1ll-lHll’Ir‘| eyetoms of various typee and Him:-I in i|luHl.'rate the
`l"‘igurr_-ii
`l1l]Ll]'II'lI1I'].' ucmditinna on topologies generiibeil ncclii-i.lln|; tn the apecificafiona in title m-t.-l.lun.
`
`'
`
`mum r.-um: sccubn
`HI: unrn-3 WMIIHI.-U!
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`
`Fig 10-9
`The Minimum System Configuratirm
`
`10.1.2 'I‘rI.nln1iiiaio-n Syaierl Requlronuau
`
`1l'.|.‘L2.l Cable SectioninE- The 185 m I600 111- maximum length coaxial cable ae|.:111enL Wlll be made
`from a number of cable sections. As the variation on cable clzaracteristic inlpediince in 3.2. [1 on fill] 11, a pee-
`Hihle worm.-mm reflertion of 4% may result from: the mismatch between two arljarenl. cable SBCDDDE. The
`MAU will add to this refiection by the inLrm;lu-::l:inn i:-fits nnninfinite bridging unpedanei.-.
`
`Tho iti.'«rum1ilaI.lun of this refleacti-on can he n1inin1i:r.ei.l by observing a mi.n1'.m uni rllal.nn(.'o between M11113
`lamcl |JI.:l.virI.'I(:1| cable sectional. In order to n1ainl.nin rel]-eetiona at an acceptable lovu-I, the minimum length
`cable auction ehall be 0.5 m.
`
`Aerohive - Exhibit 1026
`0177
`
`

`
`'.‘iH"!F-li |-"1-I}.' J _
`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
`REPEATER‘ SET
`' 3..
`
`f
`
`-'3|'J-'-1 .“.F.'I-l'-‘F.‘JI
`
`."
`
`Fig 10-] u
`Thin Minimum H_wi-"h':m C-'III1HI.'.'I.II.'JItiI.nn Requiring a Razpt-utnr H-M.
`
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`
`All E1-|lI|I|.|II.* of n Lurgu Ilylrrid System
`
`Aerohive - Exhibit 1026
`0178
`
`

`
`GSMAJCD
`
`ISOIIEC 802-3 : 1903
`ANSLHEEE Std 302.3, 1993 Edition
`
`l0.'.'i'.2.2 MAU Placement. MAU components and their associated connections to the cable cause sig-
`nal refiections due to their l10]2I.l.l'].fiI11‘lJB bridging impedance. While this impedance must be ijnplemented as
`specified 111 10.5, the placement of MHLUR along the coaxial cable must also be controlled to ensure that
`refiections from the MAU do not accumulate to a significant degree.
`Coaxial cable sections as specified in 10.T.2.1 shall be used to connect MAUs. This guarantees a mini-
`mum spacing between MAUs offl.5 In.
`The total number of MA.Us on 3. cable segment shall not exceed 30.
`
`10.7.2.3 'I‘runl-1 Cable System Esrthing. The shield conductor of each coaxial cable segment may
`maice electrical contact with an effective earth reference” at one point and shall not make electrical con-
`tact with earth elsewhere on such objects as building structural metal, ducting, plumbing fixture, or other
`unintended conductor. Insulators should be used to cover any coaxial connectors used tojoin cable sections
`and terminators, to ensure that this requirement is met. Asloeve or boot attached at installation time is
`acceptable. (See 1116.3.)
`
`10.7.2.4 Static Discharge Path. A static discharge path shall be provided. The shield of the trunk
`coaxial cable is required to be connected to each DTE earth (within the DTE) via a 1 MD, 0.25 W register
`that has a voltage rating of at least 750 V dc.
`
`11}.?.2.5 Installation Environment. This specification is intended for networks in use within a single
`building and within an area served by a single low~volt.a.ge power distribution system. Applications requir-
`ing interplant connections via external (outdoors) means may require special considerations. Repeaters
`and nonconducting TRL components may provide the means to satisfy these isolation requirements.
`
`NU'T'FJ: The reader is advised that devices should not be o|:-otratcd at significantly dilicrent frame potentials. The IIJB-ASE2 connection
`system may not be capable owfhaxtdling excessive earth currents.
`
`10-.8 Environmental Specifications
`
`10.3.1 Safety Requirements. The designer should consult relevant local and national safety regula-
`tions to assure compliance with the appropriate standards {for example, see Appendix A for reference
`material).
`
`10.3.1.1 Installations. If the trunk coaxial cable is to be installed in close proximity to electrical power
`cables, then installation practice according to local and national code shall be followed (see Annex for
`resource material).
`
`10.3.1.2 Eerthing. Where earthing is mandated by locally or nationally prescribed codes of practice,
`the shield of the lIl'L1l'lli'. coaxial cable shall be efiectively earthed at only one point along the length of the
`cable. Eifectively earthed means permanently connected to earth through an earth connection of suffi-
`oiently low impedance and having sufficient ampacity to prevent the building up of voltages that may
`result in undue hazard to connected equipment or to persons.
`
`10.3.2 Electromagnetic Environment
`
`10.8.2.1 Siiseeptibility Levels. Sources of interference from the environment include electromag—
`netic fields, electrostatic discharge, transient voltages between earth connections, etc.
`Several sources of interference will contribute to voltage buildup between the coaidal cable and the earth
`connection of a DTE.
`
`The physical channel hardware shall meet its specifications when operating in either of the following
`conditions:
`
`(1) Ambient plane Wave field of 1 Wm from 10 kHz through 1 G-Hz.
`
`NOTE: 14=‘VI=1=! i‘-3*I-Iiwlly >1. lrm. from broadcast stations.
`
`“See local or national rlsgulations for guidance on those matters and reference [A12].
`
`131
`
`Aerohive - Exhibit 1026
`0179
`
`

`
`HE*L|'_'-.i'
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`1"-fl-2.5! Fuallirmitm Levels. Thu [r11_r.-+:':::Il
`narmnui r-r,-',II1II!.1'un4 ':z!L'i.‘ Annex EU!‘E‘1.'z1uLIl"1‘1IIl|J|I|-r:.;_i|
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`-mti-1 lural and
`
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`'.1II:I I1u|!iI:rI'm| I‘:-gu|n.Linn.-_«, SI,-I: nzil-r'u,-nn.:.~+|Ii|«1r'uI|n|R|
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`‘ ero 1Ve - H
`
`Aerohive - Exhibit 1026
`0180
`
`

`
`ISOIIEC SI-}fl2~3 : 1993
`ANSIHEEE Std 802.3, 1993 Edition
`
`11. Broadband Medium Attaelunent. Unit and Broadband
`
`Medium Specifications, '1‘;-pe IDBROADSE
`
`l1.l Scope
`
`11.1.1 Overview. This section defines the functional, electrical, and mechanical characteristics. of the
`Bmadband Medium Atiechmerit Unit {MAID and the specific single and dual-cable broadband media for
`use with local area networks. The headend frequency translator for single-cable broadband systems is also
`defined. The relationship ofthis specification to all ofthe IEEE Local Area Network standards (IEEE 302)
`is shown in Fig 11-1. Repeaters as defined in Section '3 are not relevant for IOBRUADEE.
`
`OEI
`REFERENCE
`MODEL
`LAYE H5
`
`Um
`CSMN-CD
`UWE FIE
`
`APPLICATION
`
`:
`
`HEGHEH LAYERS
`
`FHEEENTATIDN
`
`I
`
`“'0
`LOGICAL LINK coNTHoL
`MRC
`
`TRANSPORT
`
`“-5
`PHYSICAL suesnuns
`
` I
`:
`
`PHYSICAL
`
`-
`
`5
`
`:
`:
`
`ATTACHMENT UNIT INTEFIFACE
`MEDIUM AITACHMENT UNIT
`MEDIUM DEPENDENT INTERFACE
`PHYSICP-L MEDIUM ATFFICHM ENT
`
`Fig 11-!
`Physical Layer Partitioning. Relationship to the 150 Open Systems Interconnection
`(031) Reference Model
`
`The purpose of the MAU is to provide a means of attaching devices; to a broadband local network
`medium. The medium comprises CATV—type cable, taps. connectors, and amplifiers. A coaxial broadband
`system permits the assignment of diiferent frequency bands to multiple applications. For Example, a hand
`in the spectrum can be utilized by local area networks while other bands are used by point-tn-point or foul-
`tidrop links, television, or audio aignals.
`The physical tap is a passive directional device such that the MAL’ transmission is directed toward the
`heatlend location (reverse direction). On a single-cable system the transmission from the MAU is at a car-
`rier frequency f'1, A frequency translator for rernodulator} located at the beadend up-converts to a -carrier
`frequency ‘E2, which is sent in the forward direction to the taps (receiver inputs). On a dual-cable syst
`the transmit and receive carrier frequencies are identical [both fl] and the MAU connects to the medium
`‘I-“IE two taps. one on the receive cable and the other on the transmit cable. The transmit and receive cables
`are connected to each other at the head-end location, Figure 11-2 shnws broadband single- and dué,]-gab1c
`systems.
`
`‘ ero 1Ve - Ex
`
`Aerohive - Exhibit 1026
`0181
`
`

`
`ISOHEC E302-3 : 1993
`AITSIHEEE Std 302.3. 1993 Eclition
`
`I.OGALAl'«l'D METROPOLITAN AREA N'E'l"WDR.K."‘r;
`
`SINGLE-CABLE SYSTEM
`
`Pi
`-fl— - L[fl' FH.EDll:'Ni!'f EBHIL
`
`412- - H||}l FHELEJIDV SEMFJ.
`
`IIBIJUHIJ
`
`OUIWWD
`
`Fig 11.2
`Broadband Cable Systems
`
`The broadband MAU operates by accepting data from the attached Data Termination Equipment (DTE)
`and transmitting a modulated radio frequency (RF) data signal in a data band en the broadband coaxial
`cable system. All MAUs attached to the cable system receive and demodulate this RF signal and recover
`the DTE data. The broadband MAU emulates a baseband MAU except for delay between trsnsndssion and
`reception, which is inherent in the broadband cable system.
`A trflnslflflitting MAU logically compares the beginning of the received data with the data transmitted.
`Any difference between them, which may be due to errors caused bgr-colliding transmissions, or reception of
`an earlier transmission from another MAU, or a bit error on the channel, is interpreted as a collision.
`When a collision is recognized. the MAU stops transmission in the data hand and begins transmission of
`an RF collision enforcement (GE) signal in a separate CE band adj aocnt to the data band. 'I‘he CE signal is
`detected by all MAUS and informs them that a collision has occurred. All MAUQ signal to their attached
`Medium Atbcese Controllers (MACS) the presence of the collision. The transmitting MA-Cs then begin the
`collision handling pcrocess.
`Collision enforcement is necessary because RF data signals from different MA.Us on the broadband cable
`system may be received at d.i:ITerent power levels. During a collision between RF data signals at different
`
`184
`
`‘ CFO 1V6 -
`
`‘
`
`Aerohive - Exhibit 1026
`0182
`
`

`
`CSMAICTT
`
`lS{J.u"IECl RS112-3 : I993
`AN!-‘sh'Tli'EFi Std 302.3, 1953 Edition
`
`levels, the M.AU with the higher received power level may see no errors in the detected data stream. How-
`ever, the MAU with the lower RF signal will see a difference between transmitted and received data; this
`I\-[AU transmits the CE signal to force recognition of the collision by all transmitting MAUS.
`
`11.1.2 Definitions
`
`Attachment Unit. Interface {AUIIL In a local area network. the interface between the medium attach
`n-ient unit and the DTE within a data station. Note that the AU] carries encoded signals and provides for
`duplex data transmission.
`
`Binary Phase Shift Keying (Binary PSK or BI-‘SE3. A form of modulation in which binary data are
`transmitted by changing the carrier phase by 180 degrees.
`
`Broadband LEIN. A Local Area Network in which information is transmitted on modulated carriers,
`allowirug coexistence of multiple simultaneous services on a single physical medi1.I.n1 by Frequency division
`multiplexing.
`
`CA.'I“V-'I‘3.-]:I-e Broadband Medium.Abrcadband system comprising coaxial cables, taps, splitters. amplifi-
`ers, and connectors the same as those used in Cornrnunity Antenna Television {CATV} or cable television
`installations.
`
`Channel. A band of frequencies dedicated to a certain service transmitted on the broadband medium.
`
`Coaxial Cable. A two conductor, concentric [center conductor and shield), constant impedance transmis-
`sion line.
`
`Continuous Wave (CW). A carrier that is not. modulated or switched.
`
`dBrnV. Decibels referenced to 1.0 ml-' on 75 5.1, used to dcfinl: signal levels in CATV-type broadband
`systems.
`
`Drop Cable. The small diameter flexible coaxial cable of the broadband medium that connects to a
`Medium Access Unit (ll.-IATI}. See Trunk Cable.
`
`Group Delay. The rate of change of total phase shift, with respect to frequency, through a component or
`system. Group delay variation is the maximum difibrcncc in group delay over a hand olfhequencics.
`
`Headend. The location in :: broadband system that serves as the root for the branching tree comprising
`the physical medium; the point to which all inbound signals converge and the point from which all out-
`bound signals emanate.
`
`Jabb-I3.-r..A.condition wherein a station transmits for a period of time longer than the maximum permissible
`packet length, usually due to a fault condition.
`
`Postamble. In the broadbaiid Mcdjurn Attacliment Unit specified in this section, the bit pattern appended
`after the last hit of the Frame Check Sequence; the Bmadband End—ot'—F1'ame Delimiter IIBEDFD).
`
`Return Loss. The ratio in decibels of the power reflected from a port to the power incident to the port. An
`indicator of impedance matching in a broadband system.
`
`Seed. The twenty-t.hree (23) bits residing in the s-crambler shift register prior to the transmission of a
`packet.
`
`Spectrum Mask. A graphic representation cl" the required power distribution as a function of ‘Frequency
`tor a modulated. transmission.
`
`Aerohive - Exhibit 1026
`0183
`
`

`
`ISOJIEIC H3024! : 1993
`ANE1.r'LE‘.E|:‘. Sid 302.3, 193-3 Edition
`
`Irflfl-ill; AND METRGPOLITAN AREA NETWO-RK3:
`
`‘Translation. In a single-cable system, the process by which incoming transmissions at one frequency are
`converted to another frequency for outgoing transmission. The translation takes place at the h-eadcnd_
`
`'I‘n:I.1:I:catia-n 1.055. In a modulated data waveform, the power difference before and after implementing the
`filtering necessary to constrain its spectrum to a specified frequency band.
`
`"I‘runk Cable. The main (large-diameter] cable of a broadband coaxial cable system, See D1-up Gable.
`
`11.1.3 MZAU and Medium Objectives. This subsection states the broad objectives and assumpfinns
`underlying the specifications defined throughout this section of the standard.
`
`(ll Provide the physical means for cornniuni-nation among local network Data Link Entities using a
`broadband coaxial medium.
`
`(3) Provide a broadband Medium Attacbznezit Unit (MAUl that is compatible at the Attachment Unit
`Interface (A111) with DTEs used on a basebancl medium.
`
`{3} Provide a broadband MAU that emulates the baseband MAU except for the signal delay from Cirv
`cuit. D0 to Circuit Ill.
`
`(4) Provide a broadband IVIAU that detects collisions within the timing constraints specified in the
`baseband case.
`(5) Provide a broadband network diameter no less than 2300 m.
`(6) Provide a broadband Physical Layer that ensures that no MAU is allowed to capture the 1-ned_iu_m
`during a collision due to signal level advantage (tht is, ensures fairness of the physical layer].
`(7) Provide a broadband MALI that detects collisions in both receive and transmit modes.
`
`(5) Provide a broadband MAU that requires a transmission bandwidth no wider than 15- MHz.
`{9} Define a physical interface that can be implemented independently among difierent manufacturers
`of hardware and achieve the intended level of compatibility when interconnected in a common
`broadband local area network.
`
`(10) Provide a. communication channel capable of high bandwidth and low bit error rate p31'fIJ1'I1'1a110E_
`The resultant mean bit error rate at the physical layer service interface should be less. than one part
`in 105 {on the order of one part in 113“ at the linklevel) in a worst-case signal-to—noise ratio nfm dB.
`(11) Provide a broadband medium physical layer that allows for implenientation in both dual. and sin-
`gle-cabl-:-. systems.
`£12} Provide for ease of installation and service.
`(13) Pro-vi do 3 commuriication channel that costs with other channels on the same physical medium.
`
`It is not an objective of U115 broadband MAU to allow its use with the baseband repeater defined in Sec-
`tion 9 ofthis standard.
`
`11.1.4 Compatibility Consido:ra'tioI:I.s. All implementations of the broadband coaxial system shall be
`compatible at the Medium Dependent Interface {MDI}. This standard provides medium specifications for
`the interconnection of all MAU devices. The medium itself, the functional capability of the MAU and the
`AU Interface are defined to provide the highest possible level of compatibility among devices designed by
`different manufacturers. Designers are free to implement circuitry within the ll-[AU in an application-
`dependcnt manner provided the M331 and AU] specifications are satisfied. Subsystems based on this speci-
`fication may be implemented in several different ways provided compatibility at the medium is main-
`tained. It is possible, for example. to design an integrated station where the MAU is contained within a
`physical DTE system component, thereby eliminating the A111 cable.
`
`11.1.5 Relationship to PLS and. A111. The broadband MAU and cable system specifications are closely
`related to Section '1' [Physical Signaling and Attachmnt Unit lnturfacc Specifications). The design of a
`physical l'vL°4.U component requires the use of both this section and the PLS and AUI specifications in Sec-
`tion 7.
`
`11.1.3 Mode of Operation. In its normal mode of operation, the MAU i"'I:lJ"1(.'t;i011a as a direct cm-mention
`between the DTE and the broadband medium. Data from the DTE are transmitted onto the broadband
`coaxial system and all inband data on the coaxial cable system is received by the DTE. This mode is the
`
`136
`
`‘ ero 1Ve - E
`
`Aerohive - Exhibit 1026
`0184
`
`

`
`CSlir1A.I"Cll
`
`ISDJIEC B302-Ii : 1993
`ANFiL"lEEE Std 502.3, 1995 Edition
`
`mode of operation for the intended message traffic between stations. Other operating modes, such as a
`loopback mode or a monitor mode, may be provided but are not defined by this standard.
`
`11.2 MAU Functional Specifications
`
`]1.2.1 MAU Ftmctioual Requirements. The MAU component provides the means by which signals on
`the physicsfly separate AUI signal circuits to and from tl'1e DTE and their associated interlayer messages
`are coupled to the broadband coaxial medium. To achieve this basic objective, the MAU component con-
`tains the following copobflitios to handle message flow between the DTE and the broadband medium:
`
`(1) Transmit Function. The ability to transmit serial data bit streams originating at the local UTE in a
`bend-limited modulated RF carrier form, to (IE0 or more remote DTEs -on the same network.
`[2] Receive Function. The ability to receive a modulated RF data signal in the band of interest from the
`broadband coaxial medium and demodulate it into a serial bit stream.
`[E-l Collision Presence Function. The ability to detect the presence of two or more stations’ concurrent
`transmissions.
`Jabber F1mci=i-on. The ability of the MAU itself to interrupt the transmit function and inhibit an
`abnormally long output data stream.
`
`I:-1)
`
`11.2.1.1 Transmit Function Requirements. The transmit function shall include the following capa-
`bilities:
`
`{1} Receive Manchester encoded data sent by the local DTE to the attached MAU on Circuit DU (trans-
`mit data pair}.
`{2} Decode the Manchester encoded data received on Circuit D0 to produce N'R.Z {Non-Return to Zero]-
`data and a recovered clock signal.
`{3} Scramble the NRZ data using a CCI'l'I‘ ‘$.29-type scrambler with seed changed on each transmitted
`packet.
`(4) Transform the incoming bits (prior to modulation} to provide an unscrambled alternating zero-one
`pattern terminated by an Unscrambled Mode Delimitcr [LTl\'ll'l}; scramble the remainder of the
`incoming preamble, Start Frame Delimitcr ESFD), and data fi'ame; and appnd an unacrambled pos-
`tamblc (Broadband