IEEE
`Std 802.3u-1995
`
`Change 1.1.1 to read as follows:
`
`SUPPLEMENT TO 802.3:
`
`The Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) media access method is the means
`by which two or more stations share a common transmission medium. To transmit, a station waits (defers)
`for a quiet period on the medium (that is, no other station is transmitting) and then sends the intended mes-
`sage in bit-serial form. If, after initiating a transmission, the message collides with that of another station,
`then each transmitting station intentionally transmits for an additional pre-
`defined period to ensure propagation of the collision throughout the system. The station remains silent for a
`random amount of time (backoff) before attempting to transmit again. Each aspect of this access method
`process is specified in detail in subsequent sections of this standard.
`
`This is a comprehensive standard for Local Area Networks employing CSMA/CD as the access method.
`This standard is intended to encompass several media types and techniques for signal rates of from 1 Mb/s to
`2-0—l\4b.ls 100 Mb/s. This edition of the standard provides the necessary specifications for -l-0—Mbls—basebanel
`: :.=:..-:
`-.-- , H‘:
`:.
`-
`-.-:..-z . »'-.:~..
`-.
`'_threefamiliesofsystems:a1Mb/s
`baseband system, 10 Mb/s baseband and broadband systems, and a 100 Mb/s baseband system.
`
`Change 1.1.2.2 to read asfollows:
`
`Two Three important compatibility interfaces are defined within what is architecturally the Physical Layer.
`
`a) Medium Dependent Interfaces (MDI). To communicate in a compatible manner, all stations shall
`adhere rigidly to the exact specification of physical media signals defined in Seetien clause 8 (and
`beyond) in this standard, and to the procedures that define correct behavior of a station. The
`mediurn—independent aspects of the LLC sublayer and the MAC sublayer should not be taken as
`detracting from this point; communication by way of the ISO/IEC 8802-3 [ANSI/IEEE Std 802.3]
`Local Area Network requires complete compatibility at the Physical Medium interface (that is, the
`eeaxial physical cable interface).
`b) Attachment Unit Interface (AUI). It is anticipated that most DTEs will be located some distance fi'om
`their connection to the coaxial physical cable. A small amount of circuitry will exist in the Medium
`Attachment Unit (MAU) directly adjacent to the eeaaeial physical cable, while the majority of the
`hardware and all of the software will be placed within the DTE. The AUI is defined as a second com-
`patibility interface. While conformance with this interface is not strictly necessary to ensure commu-
`nication, it is highly recommended, since it allows maximum flexibility in intermixing MAUs and
`DTEs. The AUI may be optional or not specified for some implementations of this standard that are
`expected to be connected directly to the medium and so do not use a separate MAU or its intercon-
`necting AUI cable. The PLS and PMA are then part of a single unit, and no explicit AUI implemen-
`tation is required.
`Q) Media Independent Intezjace (M11). It is anticipated that some DTEs will be connected to a remote
`PHY, and/or to different medium dependent PHYS. The MII is defined as a third compatibility inter-
`face. While conformance with implementation of this interface is not strictly necessgy to ensure
`communication, it is highly recommended, since it allows maximum flexibility in intermixing PHYS
`and DTEs. The MII is optional.
`
`1.3 References
`
`Replace 1.3 with thefollowing:
`
`The following standards contain provisions which, through references in this text, constitute provisions of
`this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are
`subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investi-
`gate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards listed below. Members of IEC and
`ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
`
`This is an2Archive IEEE Standard.
`
`It has been superseded by a later version of this standard.
`
`0019
`
`1025
`
`Aerohive - Exhibit 1025
`
`0019
`
`

`
`CSMNCD
`
`IEEE
`Std 802.3u-1995
`
`EDITORIAL NOTE—In the following references, changes are not indicated by strikethroughs and underscores.
`
`ANSI X3.237-1995, Rev 2.1 (1 January 1995), FDDI Low-Cost Fibre Physical Layer—Medium Dependent
`(LCF-PMD) (ISO/EC CD 9314-9).
`
`ANSI X3.263: 1995, Revision 2.2 (1 March 1995), FDDI Twisted Pair—Physical Medium Dependent (TP-
`PMD) (ISO/IEC CD 9314-10).
`
`CISPR 22: 1993, Limits and Methods of Measurement of Radio Interference Characteristics of Information
`Technology Equipmentl
`
`EC 60, I-Iigh-voltage test techniques.2
`
`EC 68, Basic environmental testing procedures.
`
`EC 96-1: 1986, Radio-frequency cables, Part 1: General requirements and measurement methods, and
`Amendment 2: 1993.
`
`EC 169-8: 1978 and -16: 1982, Radio—frequency connectors, Part 8: Radio—fiequency coaxial connectors
`with inner diameter of outer conductor 6.5 mm (0.256 in) with bayonet 1ock—Characteristic impedence
`50 ohms (Type BNC) and Part 16: Radio-frequency coaxial connectors with inner diameter of outer conduc-
`tor 7 mm (0.276 in) with screw coupling—Characteristic impedence 50 ohms (75 ohms) (Type N).
`
`EC 380: 1985, Safety of electrically energized oflice machines.3
`
`EC 435: 1983, Safety of data processing equipment.4
`
`EC 603-7: 1990, Connectors for frequencies below 3 MHz for use with printed boards, Part 7: Detail speci-
`fication for connectors, 8-way, including fixed and free connectors with common mating features.
`
`EC 793-1: 1992, Optical fibres, Part 1: Generic specification.
`
`EC 793-2: 1989, Optical fibres, Part 2: Product specifications.5
`
`EC 794-1: 1993, Optical fibre cables, Part 1: Generic specification.
`
`EC 794-2: 1989, Optical fibre cables, Part 2: Product specifications.
`
`EC 807-2: 1992, Rectangular connectors for fiequencies below 3 MHz, Part 2: Detail specification for a
`range of connectors with assessed quality, with trapezoidal shaped metal shells and round contacts—Fixed
`solder contact types.
`
`EC 825-1: 1993, Safety of laser products, Part 1: Equipment classification, requirements and user’s guide.
`
`ICISPR documents are available from the International Electrotechnical Commission, 3 rue de Varembé, Case Postale 131, CH 1211,
`Genéve 20, Switzerland/Suisse. CISPR documents are also available in the United States from the Sales Department, American
`National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA.
`ZIEC publications are available from International Electrotechnical Commission. EC publications are also available in the United
`States fiom the American National Standards Institute.
`
`3EC 380: 1985 was withdrawn in 1991. It has been replaced by IEC 950: 1991.
`4EC 435: 1983 was withdrawn in 1991. It has been replaced by IEC 950: 1991.
`5Subclause 9.9 is to be read with the understanding that the following changes to EC 793-2: 1989 have been requested: a) Correction of
`the numerical aperture tolerance in table 111 to i0.015; and b) Addition of another bandwidth category of 150 MHz referred to 1 km, for
`the type Alb fibre in table 111.
`
`This is an Archive IEEE Standard.
`
`It has been superseded by a later version of this standard.
`
`0020
`
`it 1025
`
`Aerohive - Exhibit 1025
`
`0020
`
`

`
`IEEE
`Std B02.3u-1995
`
`SUPPLEMENT TO 302.3:
`
`IEC 874-1: 1993, Connectors for optical fibres and cables, Part 1: Generic specification.
`
`IEC 874-2: 1993, Connectors for optical fibres and cables, Part 2: Sectional specification for fibre optic con-
`nector—Type F-SMA.
`
`[EC 950: 1991, Safety of information technology equipment, including electrical business equipment.6
`
`IEC 1076-3-101: 1995 [48B Secretariat 276], Detail specification for a range of shielded connectors with
`trapezoidal shaped shells and nonremovable rectangular contacts on a 1.27 X 2.54 millimeter centerline.7
`
`IEEE Std 802-1990, IEEE Standards for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Overview and Architecture
`umwnfi
`
`IEEE Std 802.1F-1993, IEEE Standards for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Common Definitions
`and Procedures for IEEE 802 Management Information (ANSI).
`
`ISO 2382-9: 1984, Data processing—Vocabula1y—Part 9: Data communications.9
`
`ISO 7498: 1984, Information processing systems—Open Systems Interconnection—Basic Reference Model.
`
`ISO/IEC 8824: 1990, Infonnation techno1ogy—Open Systems Interconnection—Specification of Abstract
`Syntax Notation One (ASN.1).
`
`ISO/IEC 8825: 1990, Information techno1ogy—Open Systems Interconnection—Specification of Basic
`Encoding Rules for Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1).
`
`ISO 9314-1: 1989, Information processing systems—Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)—Part 1:
`Token Ring Physical Layer Protocol (PHY).
`
`ISO 9314-2: 1989, Information processing systems—Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)—Part 2:
`Token Ring Media Access Control (MAC).
`
`ISO 9314-3: 1990, Information processing systems—Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)—Part 3:
`Physical Layer Medium Dependent (PMD).
`
`ISO/IEC 10040: 1992, Information techno1ogy—Open Systems Interconnection—Systems management
`overview.
`
`Information techno1ogy—Open Systems Interconnection—Systems manage-
`ISO/IEC 10164-1: 1993,
`ment—Object Management Function.
`
`ISO/IEC 10165-1: 1993, Information techno1ogy—Open Systems Interconnection—Managernent inforrna-
`tion services—Structure of management infonr1ation—Managernent Information Model.
`
`ISO/IEC 10165-2: 1992, Information techno1ogy—Open Systems Ir1terconnection—Managernent informa-
`tion services—Structure of management infom1ation—Definition of management information.
`
`6IEC 950: 1991 replaces IEC 380: 1985 and 435: 1983.
`7Presently this is a committee drafi.
`sIEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box
`1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA.
`9150 and ISO/IEC publications are available from the International Organization for Standardization, Case Postale 56, 1 rue de
`Varembé, CH-1211, Genéve 20, Switzerland/Suisse. They are also available in the United States from the American National Standards
`Institute.
`
`This is an4Archive IEEE Standard.
`
`It has been superseded by a later version of this standard.
`
`0021
`
`1025
`
`Aerohive - Exhibit 1025
`
`0021
`
`

`
`CSMA/CD
`
`IEEE
`Std 802.3u-1995
`
`ISO/IEC 10165-4: 1992, Information techno1ogy—0pen Systems Interconnection—Management informa-
`tion services—Structure of management inforrnation—Part 4: Guidelines for the definition of managed
`objects.
`
`ISO/[EC 7498-4: 1989, Information processing systen1s—0pen Systems Interconnection—Basic Reference
`Model—Part 4: Management framework.
`
`ISO/IEC 8877: 1992, Information technology—Telecommunications and information exchange between
`systems—Interface connector and contact assignments for ISDN Basic Access Interface located at reference
`points S and T.
`
`ISO/IEC 9646-1: 1994, Information techno1ogy—0pen Systems Interconnection—Conforrnance testing
`methodology and framework—Part 1: General concepts.
`
`ISO/IEC 9646-2: 1994, Information techno1ogy—0pen Systems Interconnection—Conforrnance testing
`methodology and framework—Part 2: Abstract Test Suite specification.
`
`ISO/[EC 10165-4: 1992, Information techno1ogy—0pen Systems Interconnection—Structure of manage-
`ment information—Part 4: Guidelines for the definition of managed objects.
`
`ISO/[EC 1 1801: 1995, Information technology—Generic cabling for customer premises.
`
`NOTE—Local and national standards such as those supported by ANSI, EIA, IEEE, MIL, NPFA, and UL are not a for-
`mal part of the ISO/IEC 8802-3 standard except where no international standard equivalent exists. Reference to such
`local or national standards may be useful resource material and are located in armex A.
`
`1.4 Definitions
`
`EDITORIAL NOTE—The definitions subclauses within several clauses of ISO/IEC 8802-3 are consolidated in this
`revised clause. In the following definitions, changes are not indicated by strikethroughs and underscores. See the end of
`this subclause for further editing instructions.
`
`Replace 1.4 with thefollowing text:
`
`1.4.1 100BASE-FX: IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for a 100 Mb/s CSMA/CD LAN over two
`optical fibers. (See IEEE 802.3 clauses 24 and 26.)
`
`1.4.2 100BASE-T: IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for a 100 Mb/s CSMA/CD LAN. (See IEEE
`802.3 clauses 22 and 28.)
`
`1.4.3 100BASE-T4: IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for a 100 Mb/s CSMA/CD LAN over four
`pairs of Category 3, 4, and 5 unshielded twisted—pair (UTP) wire. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 23.)
`
`1.4.4 100BASE-TX: IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for a 100 Mb/s CSMA/CD LAN over two
`pairs of Category 5 UTP or shielded twisted—pair (STP) wire. (See IEEE 802.3 clauses 24 and 25.)
`
`1.4.5 100BASE-X: IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for a 100 Mb/s CSMA/CD LAN that uses the
`PMD sublayer and MDI of the ISO 9314 group of standards developed by ASC X3T12 (FDDI). (See IEEE
`802.3 clause 24.)
`
`1.4.6 10BASE2: IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for a 10 Mb/s CSMA/CD LAN over RG 58 coax-
`ial cable. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 10.)
`
`1.4.7 10BASE5: IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for a 10 Mb/s CSMA/CD LAN over coaxial cable
`(i.e., thicknet). (See IEEE 802.3 clause 8.)
`
`This is an Archive IEEE Standard.
`
`It has been superseded by a later version of this standa_;,rd.
`
`t 1025
`0022
`
`Aerohive - Exhibit 1025
`
`0022
`
`

`
`IEEE
`Std 802.3u-1995
`
`SUPPLEMENT TO 802.3:
`
`1.4.8 10BASE-F: IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for a 10 Mb/s CSMA/CD LAN over fiber optic
`cable. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 15.)
`
`1.4.9 10BASE-FB port: A port on a repeater that contains an internal 10BASE-FB Medium Attachment
`Unit (MAU) that can connect to a similar port on another repeater. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 9, figure 15-l(b)
`and 17.3.)
`
`1.4.10 10BASE-FB segment: A fiber optic link segment providing a point-to-point connection between two
`10BASE-FB ports on repeaters. (See link segment IEEE 802.3 figure l5—1(b) and figure 15-2.)
`
`1.4.11 10BASE-FL segment: A fiber optic link segment providing point-to-point connection between two
`IOBASE-FL MAUs. (See link segment IEEE 802.3 figure 15.1 (c) and figure 15-2.)
`
`1.4.12 10BASE-FP segment: A fiber optic mixing segment, including one 10BASE-FP Star and all of the
`attached fiber pairs. (See IEEE 802.3 figure 15-1(a), figure 15-2, and mixing segment.)
`
`1.4.13 10BASE-FP Star: A passive device that is used to couple fiber pairs together to form a 10BASE-FP
`segment. Optical signals received at any input port of the 10BASE-FP Star are distributed to all of its output
`ports (including the output port of the optical interface from which it was received). A 10BASE-FP Star is
`typically comprised of a passive-star coupler, fiber optic connectors, and a suitable mechanical housing. (See
`IEEE 802.3, 16.5.)
`
`1.4.14 10BASE-T: IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for a 10 Mb/s CSMA/CD LAN over two pairs
`of twisted-pair telephone wire. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 14.)
`
`1.4.15 10BROAD36: IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for 10 Mb/s CSMA/CD LAN over single
`broadband cable. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 11.)
`
`1.4.16 1BASE5: IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for 1 Mb/s CSMA/CD LAN over two pairs of
`twisted-pair telephone wire. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 12.)
`
`1.4.17 ability: A mode that a device can advertise using Auto-Negotiation. For modes that represent a type
`of data service, a device shall be able to operate that data service before it may advertise this ability. A device
`may support multiple abilities. (See IEEE 802.3, 28.2.1.2.2.)
`
`1.4.18 Acknowledge Bit: A bit used by IEEE 802.3 Auto-Negotiation to indicate that a station has success-
`fillly received multiple identical copies of the Link Code Word. This bit is only set after an identical Link
`Code Word has been received three times in succession. (See IEEE 802.3, 28.2. 1 .2.4.)
`
`1.4.19 advertised ability: An operational mode that is advertised using Auto-Negotiation. (See IEEE 802.3,
`28.2.1.2.2.)
`
`1.4.20 agent code: A term used to refer to network management entity software residing in a node that can
`be used to remotely configure the host system based on commands received from the network control host,
`collect information documenting the operation of the host, and communicate with the network control host.
`(See IEEE 802.3 clause 30.)
`
`1.4.21 agent: A term used to refer to the managed nodes in a network. Managed nodes are those nodes that
`contain a network management entity (NME), which can be used to configure the node and/or collect data
`describing operation of that node. The agent is controlled by a network control host or manager that contains
`both an NME and network management application (NMA) software to control the operations of agents.
`Agents include systems that support user applications as well as nodes that provide communications services
`such as front-end processors, bridges, and routers. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 30.)
`
`This is an6Archive IEEE Standard.
`
`It has been superseded by a later version of this standard.
`
`0023
`
`it 1025
`
`Aerohive - Exhibit 1025
`
`0023
`
`

`
`CSMA/CD
`
`IEEE
`Std 802.3u-1995
`
`1.4.22 agile device: A device that supports automatic switching between multiple Physical Layer technolo-
`gies. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 28.)
`
`1.4.23 Attachment Unit Interface (AUI): In 10 Mb/s CSMA/CD, the interface between the MAU and the
`data terminal equipment (DTE) within a data station. Note that the AUI carries encoded signals and provides
`for duplex data transmission. (See IEEE 802.3 clauses 7 and 8.)
`
`1.4.24 Auto-Negotiation: The algorithm that allows two devices at either end of a link segment to negotiate
`common data service fimctions. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 28.)
`
`1.4.25 balanced cable: A cable consisting of one or more metallic symmetrical cable elements (twisted
`pairs or quads). (From ISO/IEC 11801: 1995.)
`
`1.4.26 Base Link Code Word: The first 16-bit message exchanged during IEEE 802.3 Auto-Negotiation.
`(See IEEE 802.3, 28.2.1.2.)
`
`1.4.27 Base Page: See: Base Link Code Word.
`
`1.4.28 baseband coaxial system: A system whereby information is directly encoded and impressed upon
`the transmission medium. At any point on the medium only one information signal at a time can be present
`without disruption.
`
`1.4.29 baud: A unit of signaling speed, expressed as the number of times per second the signal can change
`the electrical state of the transmission line or other medium. Note—Depending on the encoding strategies, a
`signal event may represent a single bit, more, or less that one bit. Contrast with: bit rate; bits per second.
`(From IEEE Std 610.7-1995 [A16].1°)
`
`1.4.30 Binary Phase Shift Keying (Binary PSK or BPSK): A form of modulation in which binary data are
`transmitted by changing the carrier phase by 180 degrees. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 11.)
`
`1.4.31 bit cell: The time interval used for the transmission of a single data (CD0 or CD1) or control (CVH or
`CVL) symbol.
`
`1.4.32 bit rate (BR): The total number of bits per second transferred to or fi'om the Medium Access Control
`(MAC). For example, l00BASE—T has a bit rate of one hundred million bits per second (108 b/s).
`
`1.4.33 bit time (BT): The duration of one bit as transferred to and from the MAC. The bit time is the recip-
`rocal of the bit rate. For example, for l00BASE—T the bit rate is 10‘8 s or 10 ns.
`
`1.4.34 BR/2: One half of the BR in Hertz.
`
`1.4.35 branch cable: In IOBROAD36, the AUI cable interconnecting the DTE and MAU system components.
`
`1.4.36 bridge: A layer 2 interconnection device that does not form part of a CSMA/CD collision domain but
`rather, appears as a MAC to the collision domain. (See also IEEE Std 610.7-1995 [A16].)
`
`1.4.37 Broadband LAN: A local area network in which information is transmitted on modulated carriers,
`allowing coexistence of multiple simultaneous services on a single physical medium by frequency division
`multiplexing. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 11.)
`
`10Numbers in brackets correspond to those of the additional reference material in annex A.
`
`This is an Archive IEEE Standard.
`
`It has been superseded by a later version of this standard.
`
`0024
`
`it 1025
`
`Aerohive - Exhibit 1025
`
`0024
`
`

`
`IEEE
`Std B02.3u-1995
`
`SUPPLEMENT TO 302.3:
`
`1.4.38 bundle: A group of signals that have a common set of characteristics and differ only in their inforrna-
`tion content.
`
`1.4.39 carrier sense: In a local area network, an ongoing activity of a data station to detect whether another
`station is transmitting. Note—The carrier sense signal indicates that one or more DTEs are currently trans-
`mitting.
`
`1.4.40 Category 3 balanced cabling: Balanced 100 S2 and 120 Q cabling (cable and associated connecting
`hardware) whose transmission characteristics are specified up to 16 MHz (i.e., performance meets the
`requirements of a Class C link in accordance with ISO/IEC 11801: 1995). Commonly used by IEEE 802.3
`l0BASE-T installations. In addition to the requirements outlined in ISO/IEC 11801: 1995, IEEE 802.3
`clause 23 specifies additional requirements for these cables when used with 100BASE-T4.
`
`1.4.41 Category 4 balanced cabling: Balanced 100 S2 and 120 Q cabling (cable and associated connecting
`hardware) whose transmission characteristics are specified up to 20 MHz in accordance with ISO/
`IEC 11801: 1995. In addition to the requirements outlined in ISO/IEC 11801: 1995, IEEE 802.3 clause 23
`specifies additional requirements for these cables when used with 100BASE-T4.
`
`1.4.42 Category 5 balanced cabling: Balanced 100 Q and 120 Q cabling (cable and associated connecting
`hardware) whose transmission characteristics are specified up to 100 MHz (i.e., performance meets the
`requirements of a Class D link as per ISO/IEC 11801: 1995). In addition to the requirements outlined in
`ISO/IEC 11801: 1995, IEEE 802.3 clauses 23 and 25 specify additional requirements for these cables when
`used with l00BASE-T.
`
`1.4.43 CATV-'I‘ype broadband medium: A broadband system comprising coaxial cables, taps, splitters,
`amplifiers, and connectors the same as those used in Community Antenna Television (CATV) or cable televi-
`sion installations. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 11.)
`
`1.4.44 center wavelength: The average of two optical wavelengths at which the spectral radiant intensity is
`50% of the maximum value. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 11.)
`
`1.4.45 channel: A band of frequencies dedicated to a certain service transmitted on the broadband medium.
`(See IEEE 802.3 clause 11.)
`
`1.4.46 circuit: The physical medium on which signals are carried across the AUI for l0BASE-T or MII (for
`l00BASE-T). For l0BASE-T, the data and control circuits consist of an A circuit and a B circuit forming a
`balanced transmission system so that the signal carrier on the B circuit is the inverse of the signal carried on
`the A circuit.
`
`1.4.47 Class I repeater: A type of l00BASE-T repeater set with internal delay such that only one repeater
`set may exist between any two DTEs within a single collision domain when two maximum length copper
`cable segments are used. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 27.)
`
`1.4.48 Class H repeater: A type of IEEE 802.3 l00BASE-T repeater set with internal delay such that only
`two or fewer such repeater sets may exist between any two DTEs within a single collision domain when two
`maximmn length copper cable segments are used. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 27.)
`
`1.4.49 Clocked Data One (CD1): A Manchester-encoded data 1. A CD1 is encoded as a L0 for the first half
`of the bit-cell and a HI for the second half of the bit-cell. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 12.)
`
`1.4.50 Clocked Data Zero (CDO): A Manchester-encoded data 0. A CDO is encoded as a HI for the first
`half of the bit-cell and a LO for the second half of the bit-cell. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 12.)
`
`This is angArchive IEEE Standard.
`
`It has been superseded by a later version of this standard.
`
`0025
`
`it 1025
`
`Aerohive - Exhibit 1025
`
`0025
`
`

`
`CSMA/CD
`
`IEEE
`Std 802.3u-1995
`
`1.4.51 Clocked Violation HI (CVH): A symbol that deliberately violates Manchester—encoding rules, used
`as a part of the Collision Presence signal. A CVH is encoded as a transition from L0 to H1 at the beginning
`of the bit cell, HI for the entire bit cell, and a transition from HI to L0 at the end of the bit cell. (See IEEE
`802.3 clause 12.)
`
`1.4.52 Clocked Violation LO (CVL): A symbol that deliberately violates Manchester—encoding rules, used
`as a part of the Collision Presence signal. A CVL is encoded as a transition firom I-II to L0 at the beginning
`of the bit cell, LO for the entire bit cell, and a transition from L0 to H1 at the end of the bit cell. (See IEEE
`802.3 clause 12.)
`
`1.4.53 coaxial cable interface: The electrical and mechanical interface to the shared coaxial cable medium
`
`either contained within or connected to the MAU. Also known as the Medium Dependent Interface (MDI).
`
`1.4.54 coaxial cable section: A single length of coaxial cable, terminated at each end with a male BNC con-
`nector. Cable sections are joined to other cable sections via BNC plug/receptacle barrel or Type T adapters.
`
`1.4.55 coaxial cable segment: A length of coaxial cable made up from one or more coaxial cable sections
`and coaxial connectors, and terminated at each end in its characteristic impedance.
`
`1.4.56 coaxial cable: A two—conductor (center conductor, shield system), concentric, constant impedance
`transmission line used as the trunk medium in the baseband system.
`
`1.4.57 Code Rule Violation (CRV): An analog waveform that is not the result of the valid Manchester-
`encoded output of a single optical transmitter. The collision of two or more 10BASE-FB optical transmis-
`sions will cause multiple CRVs. The preamble encoding of a single l0BASE-FP optical transmission con-
`tains a single CRV. (See IEEE 802.3, 16.3.1.1.)
`
`1.4.58 code-bit: In 100BASE-X, the unit of data passed across the PMA service interface, and the smallest
`signaling element used for transmission on the medium. A group of five code-bits constitutes a code-group
`in the 100BASE-X PCS. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 24.)
`
`1.4.59 code-group: For IEEE 802.3, a set of encoded symbols representing encoded data or control infor-
`mation. For l00BASE-T4, a set of six ternary symbols that, when representing data, conveys an octet. (See
`IEEE 802.3 clause 23.) For 100BASE-TX and 100BASE—FX, a set of five code-bits that, when representing
`data, conveys a nibble. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 24.)
`
`1.4.60 collision domain: A single CSMA/CD network. If two or more MAC sublayers are within the same
`collision domain and both transmit at the same time, a collision will occur. MAC sublayers separated by a
`repeater are in the same collision domain. MAC sublayers separated by a bridge are within different colli-
`sion domains.
`
`1.4.61 collision presence: A signal generated within the Physical Layer by an end station or hub to indicate
`that multiple stations are contending for access to the transmission medium. (See IEEE 802.3 clauses 8 and 12.)
`
`1.4.62 collision: A condition that results from concurrent transmissions from multiple DTE sources within a
`single collision domain.
`
`1.4.63 common-mode voltage: The instantaneous algebraic average of two signals applied to a balanced
`circuit, with both signals referenced to a common reference. Also called longitudinal voltage in the tele-
`phone industry.
`
`1.4.64 compatibility interfaces: The MDI cable, the AUI branch cable, and the MJI; the three points at
`which hardware compatibility is defined to allow connection of independently designed and manufactured
`components to a baseband transmission medium. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 8.)
`
`This is an Archive IEEE Standard.
`
`It has been superseded by a later version of this standard.
`
`
`
`it 1025
`
`0026
`
`
`
`Aerohive - Exhibit 1025
`
`0026
`
`

`
`IEEE
`Std 802.3u-1995
`
`SUPPLEMENT TO 802.3:
`
`1.4.65 continuous wave (CVV): A carrier that is not modulated or switched.
`
`1.4.66 Control Signal One (CS1): An encoded control signal used on the Control In and Control Out cir-
`cuits. A CS1 is encoded as a signal at half the bit rate (BR/2). (See IEEE 802.3 clause 12.)
`
`1.4.67 Control Signal Zero (CSO): An encoded control signal used on the Control In and Control Out cir-
`cuits. A CS0 is encoded as a signal at the bit rate (BR). (See IEEE 802.3 clause 12.)
`
`1.4.68 cross connect: A group of connection points, often wall- or rack-mounted in a wiring closet, used to
`mechanically terminate and interconnect twisted-pair building wiring.
`
`1.4.69 data frame: Consists of the Destination Address, Source Address, Length Field, logical link control
`(LLC) Data, PAD, and Frame Check Sequence.
`
`1.4.70 Data Terminal Equipment (DTE): Any source or destination of data connected to the LAN.
`
`1.4.71 dBmV: Decibels referenced to 1.0 mV measured at the same impedence. Used to define signal levels
`in CATV-type broadband systems. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 11.)
`
`1.4.72 dedicated service: A CSMA/CD network in which the collision domain consists of two and only two
`DTEs so that the total network bandwidth is dedicated to supporting the flow of information between them.
`
`1.4.73 differential-mode voltage: The instantaneous algebraic difference between the potential of two sig-
`nals applied to the two sides of a balanced circuit. Also called metallic voltage in the telephone industry.
`
`1.4.74 drop cable: In l0BROAD36, the small diameter flexible coaxial cable of the broadband medium that
`connects to a MAU. (See: trunk cable.)
`
`1.4.75 eight-pin modular: An eight-wire connector. (From ISO/IEC 8877: 1992.)
`
`1.4.76 End-of-Stream Delimiter (ESD): A code-group pattern used to terminate a normal data transrnis—
`sion. For l00BASE-T4, the ESD is indicated by the transmission of five predefined ternary code-groups
`named eopl-5. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 23.) For 100BASE-X, the ESD is indicated by the transmission of
`the code-group /T/R. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 24.)
`
`1.4.77 Extinction Ratio: The ratio of the low optical power level to the high optical power level on an opti-
`cal segment. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 15.)
`
`1.4.78 Fast Link Pulse (FLP) Burst: A group of no more than 33 and not less than 17 10BASE-T compati-
`ble link integrity test pulses. Each FLP Burst encodes 16 bits of data using an alternating clock and data
`pulse sequence. (See figure 14-12, IEEE 802.3 clause 14 and figure 28-4, IEEE 802.3 clause 28.)
`
`1.4.79 Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI): A 100 Mb/s, fiber optic-based, token-ring LAN standard
`(ANSI X3T12, formerly X3.237-199X.
`
`1.4.80 fiber optic cable: A cable containing one or more optical fibers as specified in IEEE 802.3, 15.3.1.
`
`1.4.81 Fiber Optic Inter-Repeater Link (FOIRL): A Fiber Optic Inter—Repeater Link segment and its two
`attached MAUs. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 15.)
`
`1.4.82 Fiber Optic Inter-Repeater Link Segment (FOIRL Segment): A fiber optic link segment provid-
`ing a point—to—point connection between two FOH{L MAUs or between one FOIRL MAU and one 10BASE—
`FL MAU. See: link segment.
`
`This is an1Archive IEEE Standard.
`
`It has been superseded by a later version of this standard.
`
`t 1025
`0027
`
`Aerohive - Exhibit 1025
`
`0027
`
`

`
`CSMA/CD
`
`IEEE
`Std 802.3u-1995
`
`1.4.83 Fiber Optic Medium Attachment Unit (FOMAU): A MAU for fiber applications. (See IEEE 802.3
`clause 9.)
`
`1.4.84 Fiber Optic Medium-Dependent Interface (FOMDI): For l0BASE-F, the mechanical and optical
`interface between the optical fiber cable link segment and the FOMAU. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 9.)
`
`1.4.85 Fiber Optic Physical Medium Attachment (FOPMA): For l0BASE-F, the portion of the FOMAU
`that contains the functional circuitry. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 9.)
`
`1.4.86 fiber pair: Optical fibers interconnected to provide two continuous light paths terminated at each end
`in an optical connector. Any intermediate optical connections must have insertion and return loss character-
`istics that meet or exceed IEEE 802.3, 15.3.2.1 and 15.3.2.2, respectively. (See IEEE 802.3, l5.3.l.)
`
`1.4.87 FOIRL BER: For l0BASE-F, the mean bit error rate of the FOIRL. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 9.)
`
`1.4.88 FLP Burst Sequence: The sequence of FLP Bursts transmitted by the Local Station. This term is
`intended to differentiate the spacing between FLP Bursts from the individual pulse spacings within an FLP
`Burst. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 28.)
`
`1.4.89 FOIRL collision: For l0BASE-F, the simultaneous transmission and reception of data in a FOMAU.
`(See IEEE 802.3 clause 9.)
`
`1.4.90 FOIRL Compatibility Interface: For l0BASE-F, the FOMDI and AUI (optional); the two points at
`which hardware compatibility is defined to allow connection of independently designed and manufactured
`components to the baseband optical fiber cable link segment. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 9.)
`
`1.4.91 FOMAU’s Receive Optical Fiber: For l0BASE-F, the optical fiber from which the local FOMAU
`receives signals. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 9.)
`
`1.4.92 FOMAU’s Transmit Optical Fiber: For l0BA