United States Patent [19J
`Padovani et al.
`
`lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
`US005504773A
`5,504,773
`[11] Patent Number:
`[ 45] Date of Patent:
`Apr. 2, 1996
`
`[54] METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE
`FORMATTING OF DATA FOR
`TRANSMISSION
`
`[75]
`
`Inventors: Roberto Padovani; Edward G.
`Tiedemann, Jr.; Lindsay A. Weaver,
`Jr., all of San Diego; Brian K. Butler,
`Cardiff, all of Calif.
`
`[73] Assignee: Qualcomm Incorporated, San Diego,
`Calif.
`
`[21] Appl. No.: 171,146
`
`[22] Filed:
`
`Dec. 21, 1993
`
`[63]
`
`[51]
`[52]
`
`[58]
`
`[56]
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`Continuation of Ser. No. 822,164, Jan. 16, 1992, abandoned,
`which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 543,496, Jun. 25,
`1990, Pat. No. 5,103,459.
`Int. Cl. 6
`••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• H04B 1169; G06F 11100
`U.S. Cl . .............................. 375/200; 380/34; 370/60;
`370/94.1; 370/99; 371/2.1; 371/43; 371/49.2
`Field of Search ......................... 37511, 38, 200-210,
`375/260; 380/34; 370/60, 94.1, 99, 24;
`371/2.1, 37.1, 37.7, 43, 49.2
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`4,291,409
`4,980,897
`5,003,533
`5,068,849
`5,212,684
`
`9/1981 Weinberg et al ....................... 375/347
`12/1990 Decker et al. . ........................... 375/38
`3/1991 Watanabe ........................... 370/94.1 X
`11/1991 Tanaka ............................... 370/94.1 X
`5/1993 MacNamee et al. . .................... 370/24
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`0412583
`0418865
`0444592
`2022365
`2182528
`9107030
`
`3/1986
`9/1990
`2/1991
`12/1979
`5/1987
`5/1991
`
`European Pat. Off. . ......... H04B 1156
`European Pat. Off .......... H04L 12/56
`European Pat. Off ......... H04B 7/212
`United Kingdom ............. H04Q 7/04
`United Kingdom .............. H04J 3/16
`WIPO ............................... H04J 3/06
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`D. W. Davies, Security For Computer Networks; (John
`Wiley & Sons, 1984), p. 362.
`Supplementary European Search Report Dated Nov. 11,
`1994.
`
`Primary Examiner-Bemarr E. Gregory
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Russell B. Miller; Sean English
`
`[57]
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`In a digital communication system in which digital data is
`transmitted in data frames of a preselected time duration, a
`method and apparatus for formatting digital data in each data
`frame. A set of data bits of a first data type having a bit count
`corresponding to one of a plurality of predetermined bit
`counts are provided. A set of parity check bits for the set of
`data bits of said first data type are generated when the bit
`count is a highest bit count or a next to highest bit count. A
`set of tail bits is generated in accordance with a predeter(cid:173)
`mined frame termination format. In respective order the set
`of data bits of the first data type, the parity check bits, and
`the tail bits are porovided in a data frame if the bit count is
`of the highest bit count or of the next to highest bit count.
`Otherwise, the set of data bits of the first data type and the
`tail bits are provided in respective order in the data frame.
`
`26 Claims, 18 Drawing Sheets
`
`I
`I
`--"1
`I
`
`-
`
`D/A CONVERTER
`&
`ANTI-ALIASING
`FILTER CIRCUIT
`
`D/A CONVERTER
`&
`ANTI-ALIASING
`FILTER CIRCUIT
`
`RF
`TRANSMITTER
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc., Exhibit 1029
`Page 1
`
`

`

`CO DEC
`
`lKAt't'lC
`DATA
`
`16
`
`14
`
`JvoCODER
`~
`
`r u
`
`1
`:
`
`!-LP
`
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`L..-
`
`[22
`r20
`CRC&
`r-. TAIL BIT ~ CONVOLUTIONAL 1-.
`~ GENERATOR
`ENCODER
`
`•
`
`DATA BURST
`....--- RANDOMIZER LOGIC
`
`•
`
`--
`-
`...-
`r--..46
`
`-
`
`""
`
`MASK
`CIRCUIT
`
`'=32
`
`-
`
`LONG
`CODE
`GENERATOR
`•
`'--30
`
`r ~~
`I CHANNEL·
`PN
`GENERATOR
`
`,-24
`
`,-26
`
`~
`
`L-~
`
`BLOCK
`INTERLEA VER
`
`64-ARY
`+ ORTHOGONAL
`MODULATOR
`
`b[5
`2D-~~
`D6
`lJi
`
`~~
`12
`
`QCHANNEL
`TIMING SIGNAL
`FROM ~ECEIVER r
`PN
`40 GENERATOR
`
`42, +
`rL. r54
`...
`...
`.... -.... FILTER
`D/ A CONVERTER u MODULATOR
`•
`-- FILTER h ELEMENT r--.- ANTI-ALIASING
`
`I
`I
`---1
`I
`L_ ....
`
`FIR
`
`FIR
`
`..
`
`Dl A CONVERTER v-5o
`&
`ANTI-ALIASING
`FILTER CIRCUIT
`
`&
`
`FILTER CIRCUIT
`
`I'- 52
`
`r-48
`
`DELAY
`
`44
`
`QUADRATURE ---
`
`60
`
`r-56
`
`r-Jrcss
`
`I
`
`RF
`TRANSMITTER
`
`0 •
`00
`•
`~·
`
`~ a
`
`.6'"
`:'1
`~
`~
`\C
`\C
`~
`
`00 ;
`~
`~
`
`~
`~
`QC
`
`...
`U1
`U1 = ~ ...
`
`'-1
`'-1
`~
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc., Exhibit 1029
`Page 2
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 2, 1996
`
`Sheet 2 of 18
`
`5,504,773
`
`I<E
`
`I<E
`
`192 BITS- 20 MS
`171 BITS
`
`~1
`
`FIG. 2a
`PRIMARY
`
`TRAFFIC I 1 I
`
`ONLY
`(9.6 KBPS) MM
`=0
`
`171
`
`PRIMARY TRAFFIC
`
`192 BITS- 20 MS
`167 BITS
`
`I~
`
`FIG. 2b
`I<E
`DIM AND
`PRIMARY AND I
`BURST WITH
`
`1
`
`2
`SIGNALING
`I
`1
`1
`TRAFFIC MM BF TT TM
`(9.6 KBPS)
`=1 =0 =0 =00
`
`1
`
`1
`
`I
`
`80
`
`1
`
`86
`
`I
`1
`1
`1
`PRIMARY SOM SIGNALING F T
`TRAFFIC
`TRAFFIC
`
`~]
`8 1
`1
`F T
`
`12
`1
`
`:.j
`12
`
`~,
`
`8
`
`1
`
`FIG. 2c
`DIM AND
`BURST WITH
`
`I<E
`
`I~
`PRIMARY ANDI1 I
`1 Ill 2 I
`
`SECONDARY
`TRAFFIC MM BF TTTM
`(9.6 KBPS)
`=1
`=0 =1 =00
`
`192 BITS- 20 MS
`167 BITS
`
`80
`
`87
`
`:.j
`12
`1
`
`PRIMARY
`TRAFFIC
`
`SECONDARY
`TRAFFIC
`
`~,
`
`8
`
`1
`
`1
`F T
`
`FIG 2d ,~
`·
`BLANK AND
`~V~~Iii:JJI lr--1 ,_.1 -1 ,_1 -1 ,-l-1 ,_~----16_8 _ _ _ ___,1-12..,..1-,sl
`
`r~;...._ ___ 169 BITS ----i>~l'
`
`192 BITS- 20 MS
`
`>I
`
`TRAFFIC MM BF TT SOM
`ONLY
`=1 = 1 =O
`(9.6 KBPS)
`
`SIGNALING TRAFFIC
`
`F T
`
`FIG. 2e
`I<E
`I~
`BURST WITH I I
`BLANK AND
`1 11 I
`~
`SECONDARY
`TRAFFIC MM BF TT
`ONLY
`=1 =1 =1
`(9.6 KBPS)
`
`192 BITS - 20 MS
`169 BITS
`
`169
`
`~,
`
`:.j
`
`1121 sj
`
`SECONDARY TRAFFIC
`
`F T
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc., Exhibit 1029
`Page 3
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 2, 1996
`
`Sheet 3 of 18
`
`5,504,773
`
`1:
`FIG. 2f
`4.8 KBPS
`FRAME I
`
`FORMAT
`
`1:
`FIG. 2g
`2.4 KBPS
`FRAME I
`
`FORMAT
`
`1:
`FIG. 2h
`1.2 KBPS
`FRAME I
`
`FORMAT
`
`96 BITS - 20 MS
`80BITS
`
`80
`
`PRIMARY TRAFFIC
`
`48 BITS - 20 MS
`40BITS
`
`40
`
`PRIMARY TRAFFIC
`
`24 BITS - 20 MS
`16 BITS
`
`16
`
`PRIMARY TRAFFIC
`
`•I
`
`I
`
`•I
`
`8
`
`8
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`
`F T
`
`~tl
`lsi
`
`T
`
`~rl
`lsi
`
`T
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc., Exhibit 1029
`Page 4
`
`

`

`.....--FROM
`MICROPROCESSOR
`
`__ 6_2~
`
`INPUT DATA
`(FULL RATE)
`
`I
`"O"--e1
`I
`I
`
`FIG. 3
`
`~ 20
`
`I
`1.--"0"
`
`I
`I
`
`I
`
`II
`
`I
`
`INPUT DATA
`(HALF RATE)
`
`I
`"O"--et
`
`64--.....
`
`I
`
`I
`
`DATA
`BUFFER
`&
`CONTROL
`LOGIC
`
`60
`
`INPUT DATA
`(QUARTER & EIGHTH RATE)
`
`TO
`ENCODER
`
`~
`
`66 1
`I
`I r:
`I
`
`I
`
`"0"
`
`I
`
`I ,.--"0"
`
`Cj
`•
`00.
`•
`
`~ ;.
`=·
`
`"'"""
`
`>
`"cc
`~
`~
`~
`I.e
`I.e
`="
`
`ttl
`poto.
`
`00 =-ttl
`~ e,
`
`~
`QC
`
`01
`._.
`
`._.
`
`01 = .a;...
`"'' "'' ~
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc., Exhibit 1029
`Page 5
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 2, 1996
`
`Sheet 5 of 18
`
`5,504,773
`
`PRIMARY
`TRAFFIC BITS
`ONLY
`
`N
`
`GENERATE
`MIXED MODE
`(MM)BIT
`MM=O
`
`OUTPUT MIXED
`MODE BIT AND
`PRIMARY TRAFFIC
`BITSTOCRC&
`TAIL BIT
`GENERATOR
`
`COMPUTECRC
`BITS AND
`APPEND TO END
`OF PRIMARY
`TRAFFIC BITS
`
`GENERATE
`TAIL BITS AND
`APPEND TO
`ENDOFCRC
`BITS
`
`OUTPUT FRAME
`FORMATTED DATA
`IN ORDER OF
`MIXED MODE BIT,
`PRIMARY TRAFFIC
`BITS, CRC BITS
`AND TAIL BITS
`
`FIG 4a·
`
`y
`
`y
`
`y
`
`OUTPUT PRIMARY
`TRAFFIC BITS TO
`CRC & TAIL BIT
`GENERATOR
`
`OUTPUT PRIMARY
`TRAFFIC BITS TO
`CRC & TAIL BIT
`GENERATOR
`
`COMPUTECRC
`BITS AND
`APPEND TO END
`OF PRIMARY
`TRAFFIC BITS
`
`GENERATE
`TAIL BITS AND
`APPEND TO
`ENDOFCRC
`BITS
`
`OUTPUT FRAME
`FORMATTED
`DATA IN ORDER
`OF PRIMARY
`TRAFFIC BITS,
`CRCBITS AND
`TAIL BITS
`
`GENERATE TAIL
`BITS AND
`APPEND TO END
`OF PRIMARY
`TRAFFIC BITS
`
`OUTPUT FRAME
`FORMATTED
`DATA IN ORDER
`OF PRIMARY
`TRAFFIC BITS,
`CRCBITSAND
`TAIL BITS
`
`RETURN TO
`FORMAT NEXT
`FRAME OF
`DATA
`
`RETURN TO
`FORMAT NEXT
`FRAME OF
`DATA
`
`RETURN TO
`FORMAT NEXT
`FRAME OF
`DATA
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc., Exhibit 1029
`Page 6
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 2, 1996
`
`Sheet 6 of 18
`
`5,504,773
`
`PRIMARY AND
`SIGNALING
`TRAFFIC BITS
`(DIM AND
`BURST)
`
`GENERATE
`MIXED MODE
`(MM) BIT
`MM=l
`
`GENERATE
`BURST
`FORMAT(BF)
`BITBF=O
`
`'
`GENERATE
`TRAFFIC TYPE
`(TT) BIT TT =0
`
`GENERATE
`TRAFFIC
`MODE(TM)
`BITS TM=OO
`
`GENERATE
`START OF
`MESSAGE
`(SOM) BIT
`
`FIG. 4b
`
`OUTPUT DATA IN
`ORDER OF MM BIT,
`BF BIT, TT BIT, TM
`BIT, PRIMARY
`TRAFFIC BITS, SOM
`BIT, SIGNALING
`TRAFFIC BITS TO
`CRC & TAIL BIT
`GENERATOR
`
`COMPUTECRC
`BITS AND
`APPEND TO END
`OF SIGNALING
`TRAFFIC BITS
`
`,,
`
`GENERATE
`TAIL BITS AND
`APPEND TO
`ENDOFCRC
`BITS
`,,
`
`OUTPUT FRAME
`FORMATTED DATA
`IN ORDER OF MM
`BIT, BF BIT, TT BIT,
`TM BIT, PRIMARY
`TRAFFIC BITS, SOM
`BIT, SIGNALING
`TRAFFIC BITS, CRC
`AND TAIL BITS
`
`RETURN TO
`FORMAT NEXT
`FRAME OF
`DATA
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc., Exhibit 1029
`Page 7
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 2, 1996
`
`Sheet 7 of 18
`
`5,504,773
`
`PRIMARY AND
`SECONDARY
`TRAFFIC BITS
`(DIM AND
`BURST)
`
`GENERATE
`MIXED MODE
`(MM) BIT
`MM=l
`
`GENERATE
`BURST
`FORMAT(BF)
`BITBF=O
`
`••
`GENERATE
`TRAFFIC TYPE
`(TT) BIT TT=l
`
`GENERATE
`TRAFFIC
`MODE(TM)
`BITSTM=OO
`
`,
`
`OUTPUT DATA IN
`ORDER OF MM BIT,
`BF BIT, TT BIT,
`PRIMARY TRAFFIC
`BITS, SECONDARY
`TRAFFIC BITS TO
`CRC & TAIL BIT
`GENERATOR
`
`COMPUTECRC
`BITS AND
`APPEND TO END
`OF SIGNALING
`TRAFFIC BITS
`
`GENERATE
`TAIL BITS AND
`APPEND TO
`ENDOFCRC
`BITS
`
`dr
`
`OUTPUT DATA IN
`ORDER OF MM BIT,
`BF BIT, TT BIT,
`PRIMARY TRAFFIC
`BITS, SECONDARY
`TRAFFIC BITS, CRC
`BITS AND TAIL
`BITS
`
`lr
`
`RETURN TO
`FORMAT NEXT
`FRAME OF
`DATA
`
`FIG. 4c
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc., Exhibit 1029
`Page 8
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 2, 1996
`
`Sheet 8 of 18
`
`5,504,773
`
`SIGNALING
`TRAFFIC BITS
`ONLY(DIM
`AND BURST)
`
`GENERATE
`MIXED MODE
`(MM) BIT
`MM=l
`
`GENERATE
`BURST
`FORMAT(BF)
`BITBF=l
`
`GENERATE
`TRAFFIC TYPE
`(TT) BIT TT=O
`
`GENERATE
`START OF
`MESSAGE
`(SOM) BIT
`
`,,
`
`OUTPUT DATA IN
`ORDER OF MM BIT,
`BF BIT, TT BIT, SOM
`BIT AND
`SIGNALING
`TRAFFIC BITS TO
`CRC & TAIL BIT
`GENERATOR
`
`COMPUTECRC
`BITS AND
`APPEND TO END
`OF SIGNALING
`TRAFFIC BITS
`
`·lr
`
`GENERATE
`TAIL BITS AND
`APPEND TO
`ENDOFCRC
`BITS
`
`dr
`
`OUTPUT FRAME
`FORMATTED DATA IN
`ORDER OF MM BIT,
`BF BIT, TT BIT, SOM
`BIT, SIGNALING
`TRAFFIC BITS, CRC
`BITS AND TAIL BITS
`
`1
`
`RETURN TO
`FORMAT NEXT
`FRAME OF
`DATA
`
`FIG. 4d
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc., Exhibit 1029
`Page 9
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 2, 1996
`
`Sheet 9 of 18
`
`5,504,773
`
`SECONDARY
`TRAFFIC BITS
`ONLY(BLANK
`AND BURST)
`
`11
`
`GENERATE
`MIXED MODE
`(MM) BIT
`.MM=l
`
`GENERATE
`BURST
`FORMAT(BF)
`BITBF=l
`
`,,
`
`GENERATE
`TRAFFIC TYPE
`(TT) BITTT=l
`
`,,
`
`OUTPUT DATA IN
`ORDER OF MM BIT,
`BF BIT, TT BIT,
`SECONDARY
`TRAFFIC BITS TO
`CRC & TAIL BIT
`GENERATOR
`
`COMPUTECRC
`BITS AND
`APPEND TO END
`OF SECONDARY
`TRAFFIC BITS
`
`GENERATE
`TAIL BITS AND
`APPEND TO
`ENDOFCRC
`BITS
`
`OUTPUT FRAME
`FORMATTED DATA
`IN ORDER OF MM
`BIT, BF BIT, TT BIT,
`SECONDARY
`TRAFFIC BITS, CRC
`BITS AND TAIL BITS
`
`,
`
`RETURN TO
`FORMAT NEXT
`FRAME OF
`DATA
`
`FIG. 4e
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc., Exhibit 1029
`Page 10
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 2, 1996
`
`Sheet 10 of 18
`
`5,504,773
`
`1 33 65 97 129 161 193 225 257 289 321 353 385 417 449 481 513 545
`2 34 66 98 130 162 194 226 258 290 322 354 386 418 450 482 514 546
`3 35 67 99 131 163 195 227 259 291 323 355 387 419 451 483 515 547
`4 36 68 100 132 164 196 228 260 292 324 356 388 420 452 484 516 548
`5 37 69 101 133 165 197 229 261 293 325 357 389 421 453 485 517 549
`6 38 70 102 134 166 198 230 262 294 326 358 390 422 454 486 518 550
`7 39 71 103 135 167 199 231 263 295 327 359 391 423 455 487 519 551
`8 40 72 104 136 168 200 232 264 296 328 360 392 424 456 488 520 552
`9 41 73 105 137 169 201 233 265 297 329 361 393 425 457 489 521 553
`10 42 74 106 138 170 202 234 266 298 330 362 394 426 458 490 522 554
`11 43 75 107 139 171 203 235 267 299 331 363 395 427 459 491 523 555
`12 44 76 108 140 172 204 236 268 300 332 364 396 428 460 492 524 556
`13 45 77 109 141 173 205 237 269 301 333 365 397 429 461 493 525 557
`14 46 78 110 142 174 206 238 270 302 334 366 398 430 462 494 526 558
`15 47 79 111143 175 207 239 271303 335 367 399431 463 495 527 559
`16 48 80 112 144 176 208 240 272 304 336 368 400 432 464 496 528 560
`17 49 81 113 145 177 209 241 273 305 337 369 401 433 465 497 529 561
`18 50 82 114 146 178 210 242 274 306 338 370 402 434 466 498 530 562
`19 51 83 115 147 179 211 243 275 307 339 371 403 435 467 499 531 563
`20 52 84 116 148 180 212 244 276 308 340 372 404 436 468 500 532 564
`21 53 85 117 149 181 213 245 277 309 341 373 405 437 469 501 533 565
`22 54 86 118 150 182 214 246 278 310 342 374 406 438 470 502 534 566
`23 55 87 119 151 183 215 247 279 311 343 375 407 439 471 503 535 567
`24 56 88 120 152 184 216 248 280 312 344 376 408 440 472 504 536 568
`25 57 89 121 153 185 217 249 281 313 345 377 409 441 473 505 537 569
`26 58 90 122 154 186 218 250 282 314 346 378 410 442 474 506 538 570
`27 59 91 123 155 187 219 251 283 315 347 379 411 443 475 507 539 571
`28 60 92 124 156 188 220 252 284 316 348 380 412 444 476 508 540 572
`29 61 93 125 157 189 221 253 285 317 349 381 413 445 477 509 541 573
`30 62 94 126 158 190 222 254 286 318 350 382 414 446 478 510 542 574
`31 63 95 127 159 191 223 255 287 319 351 383 415 447 479 511 543 575
`32 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 288 320 352 384 416 448 480 512 544 576
`
`FIG. Sa
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc., Exhibit 1029
`Page 11
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 2, 1996
`
`Sheet 11 of 18
`
`5,504,773
`
`1 17 33 49 65 81 97 113 129 145 161 177 193 209 225 241 257 273
`1 17 33 49 65 81 97 113 129 145 161 177 193 209 225 241 257 273
`2 18 34 50 66 82 98 114 130 146 162 178 194 210 226 242 258 274
`2 18 34 50 66 82 98 114 130 146 162 178 194 210 226 242 258 274
`3 19 35 51 67 83 99 115 131 147 163 179 195 211 227 243 259 275
`3 19 35 51 67 83 99 115 131 147 163 179 195 211 227 243 259 275
`4 20 36 52 68 84 100 116 132 148 164 180 196 212 228 244 260 276
`4 20 36 52 68 84 100 116 132 148 164 180 196 212 228 244 260 276
`5 21 37 53 69 85 101 117 133 149 165 181 197 213 229 245 261 277
`5 21 37 53 69 85 101 117 133 149 165 181 197 213 229 245 261 277
`6 22 38 54 70 86 102 118 134 150 166 182 198 214 230 246 262 278
`6 22 38 54 70 86 102 118 134 150 166 182 198 214 230 246 262 278
`7 23 39 55 71 87 103 119 135 151 167 183 199 215 231 247 263 279
`7 23 39 55 71 87 103 119 135 151 167 183 199 215 231 247 263 279
`8 24 40 56 72 88 104 120 136 152 168 184 200 216 232 248 264 280
`8 24 40 56 72 88 104 120 136 152 168 184 200 216 232 248 264 280
`9 25 41
`57 73 89 105 121 137 153 169 185 201 217 233 249 265 281
`9 25 41
`57 73 89 105 121 137 153 169 185 201 217 233 249 265 281
`10 26 42 58 74 90 106 122 138 154 170 186 202 218 234 250 266 282
`10 26 42 58 74 90 106 122 138 154 170 186 202 218 234 250 266 282
`11 27 43 59 75 91 107 123 139 155 171 187 203 219 235 251 267 283
`11 27 43 59 75 91 107 123 139 155 171 187 203 219 235 251 267 283
`12 28 44 60 76 92 108 124 140 156 172 188 204 220 236 252 268 284
`12 28 44 60 76 92 108 124 140 156 172 188 204 220 236 252 268 284
`13 29 45
`61 77 93 109 125 141 157 173 189 205 221 237 253 269 285
`13 29 45
`61 77 93 109 125 141 157 173 189 205 221 237 253 269 285
`14 30 46 62 78 94 110 126 142 158 174 190 206 222 238 254 270 286
`14 30 46 62 78 94 110 126 142 158 174 190 206 222 238 254 270 286
`15 31 47 63 79 95 111 127 143 159 175 191 207 223 239 255 271 287
`15 31 47 63 79 95 111 127 143 159 175 191 207 223 239 255 271 287
`16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 256 272 288
`16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 256 272 288
`
`FIG. 5b
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc., Exhibit 1029
`Page 12
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 2, 1996
`
`Sheet 12 of 18
`
`5,504,773
`
`1 9 17 25 33 41 49 57 65 73 81 89 97 105 113 121 129 137
`1 9 17 25 33 41 49 57 65 73 81 89 97 105 113 121 129 137
`9 17 25 33 41 49 57 65 73 81 89 97 105 113 121 129 137
`I
`1 9 17 25 33 41 49 57 65 73 81 89 97 105 113 121 129 137
`2 10 18 26 34 42 50 58 66 74 82 90 98 106 114 122 130 138
`2 10 18 26 34 42 50 58 66 74 82 90 98 106 114 122 130 138
`2 10 18 26 34 42 50 58 66 74 82 90 98 106 114 122 130 138
`2 10 18 26 34 42 50 58 66 74 82 90 98 106 114 122 130 138
`3 11 19 27 35 43 51 59 67 75 83 91 99 107 115 123 131 139
`3 11
`19 27 35 43 51 59 67 75 83 91 99 107 115 123 131 139
`3 11
`19 27 35 43 51 59 67 75 83 91 99 107 115 123 131 139
`3 11
`19 27 35 43 51 59 67 75 83 91 99 107 115 123 131 139
`4 12 20 28 36 44 52 60 68 76 84 92 100 108 116 124 132 140
`4 12 20 28 36 44 52 60 68 76 84 92 100 108 116 124 132 140
`4 12 20 28 36 44 52 60 68 76 84 92 100 108 116 124 132 140
`4 12 20 28 36 44 52 60 68 76 84 92 100 108 116 124 132 140
`5 13 21 29 37 45 53 61 69 77 85 93 101 109 117 125 133 141
`5 13 21 29 37 45 53 61 69 77 85 93 101 109 117 125 133 141
`5 13 21 29 37 45 53 61 69 77 85 93 101 109 117 125 133 141
`5 13 21 29 37 45 53 61 69 77 85 93 101 109 117 125 133 141
`6 14 22 30 38 46 54 62 70 78 86 94 102 110 118 126 134 142
`6 14 22 30 38 46 54 62 70 78 86 94 102 110 118 126 134 142
`6 14 22 30 38 46 54 62 70 78 86 94 102 110 118 126 134 142
`6 14 22 30 38 46 54 62 70 78 86 94 102 110 118 126 134 142
`7 15 23 31 39 47 55 63 71 79 87 95 103 111 119 127 135 143
`7 15 23 31 39 47 55 63 71 79 87 95 103 Ill 119 127 135 143
`7 15 23 31 39 47 55 63 71 79 87 95 103 Ill 119 127 135 143
`7 15 23 31 39 47 55 63 71 79 87 95 103 Ill 119 127 135 143
`8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 104 112 120 128 136 144
`8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 104 112 120 128 136 144
`8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 104 112 120 128 136 144
`8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 104 112 120 128 136 144
`
`FIG. 5c
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc., Exhibit 1029
`Page 13
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 2, 1996
`
`Sheet 13 of 18
`
`5,504,773
`
`1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69
`1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69
`1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69
`1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69
`1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69
`1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69
`1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69
`1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69
`2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70
`2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70
`2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70
`2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70
`2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70
`2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70
`2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70
`2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70
`3 7 11 15 19 23 27 31 35 39 43 47 51 55 59 63 67 71
`3 7 11 15 19 23 27 31 35 39 43 47 51 55 59 63 67 71
`3 7 11 15 19 23 27 31 35 39 43 47 51 55 59 63 67 71
`3 7 11 15 19 23 27 31 35 39 43 47 51 55 59 63 67 71
`3 7 11 15 19 23 27 31 35 39 43 47 51 55 59 63 67 71
`3 7 11 15 19 23 27 31 35 39 43 47 51 55 59 63 67 71
`3 7 11 15 19 23 27 31 35 39 43 47 51 55 59 63 67 71
`3 7 11 15 19 23 27 31 35 39 43 47 51 55 59 63 67 71
`4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72
`4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72
`4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72
`4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72
`4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72
`4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72
`4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72
`4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72
`
`FIG. 5d
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc., Exhibit 1029
`Page 14
`
`

`

`FIG. 6a
`
`WALSH CHIP WITHIN SYMBOL
`1111 1111 2222 2222 2233 3333 3333 4444 4444 4455 5555 5555 6666
`11
`0123 4567 8901 2345 6789 0123 4567 8901 2345 6789 0123 4567 8901 2345 6789 0123
`0 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
`1 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101
`2 0011 0011 0011 0011 0011 OOli 0011 0011 0011 0011 OOli 0011 0011 0011 0011 0011
`3 0110 0110 0110 0110 0110 0110 0110 OliO OliO OliO OliO 0110 0110 0110 0110 0110
`4 0000 1111 0000 1111 0000 1111 0000 1111 0000 1111 0000 1111 0000 1111 0000 1111
`5 0101 1010 0101 1010 0101 1010 0101 1010 0101 1010 0101 1010 0101 1010 0101 1010
`6 0011 1100 0011 1100 0011 1100 OOli 1100 0011 1100 OOli 1100 0011 1100 0011 1100
`7 0110 1001 0110 1001 0110 1001 0110 1001 0110 1001 0110 1001 0110 1001 0110 1001
`8 0000 0000 1111
`1111 0000 0000 1111 1111 0000 0000 1111 1111 0000 0000 1111
`11 11
`9 0101 0101 1010 1010 0101 0101 1010 1010 0101 0101 1010 1010 0101 0101 1010 1010
`10 0011 00 11 1100 11 00 00 11 0011
`li 00 1100 0011 0011 1100 1100 0011 0011 1100 11 00
`11 0110 0110 1001 1001 OliO 0110 1001 1001 0110 0110 1001 1001 0110 0110 1001
`I001
`12 0000 1111
`llli 0000 0000 1111
`1111 0000 0000 1111 1111 0000 0000 I11I
`1111 0000
`13 0101 1010 1010 0101 0101 1010 1010 0101 0101 1010 1010 0101 0101 1010 I010 0101
`14 0011 1100 1100 OOli 0011 1100 1100 0011 0011 1100 1100 0011 OOil 1100
`IlOO 0011
`15 0110 1001 1001 0110 OliO 1001 1001 0110 0110 1001 1001 OliO 0110 1001 1001 0110
`16 0000 0000 0000 0000 1111
`1111
`1111
`1111 0000 0000 0000 0000 1111
`lll1 1111
`1111
`17 0101 0101 0101 010I 1010 1010 1010 1010 0101 0101 0101 0101 1010 1010 1010 1010
`18 0011 0011 0011 0011 1100 1100 1100 1100 0011 0011 0011 0011 1100 1100 1100 1100
`19 0110 OliO 0110 OI10 100I
`IOOI 1001 1001 OI10 0110 0110 0110 1001 1001 1001 1001
`20 0000 1111 0000 I111
`1111 0000 I111 0000 0000 1111 0000 11 11
`1111 0000 1111 0000
`21 010I 10IO 0101 1010 1010 0101 1010 0101 0101 1010 010I 1010 1010 0101 1010 0101
`2 2 00 11 11 00 00 11
`li 00 1100 0011 1100 00 11 00 I I
`I 100 00 11 1100 1100 0011 1100 0011
`2 3 0 I 10 100 1 0110 100 1 100 I 0 110 1001 0 I 10 0 I 10 100 I 0 110 100 1 1001 0 1I 0 1 00 I 011 0
`
`WALSH
`SYMBOL
`INDEX
`
`~ •
`00
`•
`~
`
`~
`= f""''-
`
`~ :"1
`
`N
`"
`"""' ~
`~ =-.
`
`~
`~
`"""'
`,J:o.
`s,
`"""' QC
`
`til
`
`~ til = .a;.
`~ "'' "'' ~
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc., Exhibit 1029
`Page 15
`
`

`

`FIG. 6b
`
`WALSH CHIP WITHIN SYMBOL
`1111 1111 2222 2222 2233 3333 3333 4444 4444 4455 5555 5555 6o66
`11
`0123 4567 8901 2345 6789 0123 4567 8901 2345 6789 0123 4567 8901 2345 6789 0123
`24 0000 0000 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000 0000 0000 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000
`25 0101 0101 1010 1010 1010 1010 0101 0101 0101 0101 1010 1010 1010 1010 0101 0101
`26 0011 0011 1100 1100 1100 1100 0011 0011 0011 OOll 1100 1100 1100 1100 0011 0011
`27 0110 0110 1001 1001 1001 1001 0110 0110 0110 0110 1001 1001 1001 1001 0110 0110
`1111 0000 1111 0000 0000 1111 0000 1111
`1111 0000 1111 0000 0000 1111
`28 0000 1111
`29 0101 1010 1010 0101 1010 0101 0101 1010 0101 1010 1010 0101 1010 0101 0101 1010
`30 0011 1100 1100 0011 1100 0011 OOll 1100 0011 1100 1100 0011 1100 0011 0011 1100
`31 0110 1001 1001 0011 1001 0110 0110 1001 0110 1001 1001 0110 1001 0110 0110 1001
`32 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1111
`1111 1111
`1111 1111
`1111
`1111
`1111
`33 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 1010 1010 1010 1010 1010 1010 1010 1010
`34 0011 0011 0011 0011 0011 0011 OOll 0011 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100
`llOO
`35 0110 0110 0110 0110 0110 0110 0110 0110 1001 1001 1001 1001 1001 1001 1001 1001
`3 6 0000 1111 0000 1111 0000 1111 0000 1111
`1111 0000 1111 0000 1111 0000 1111 0000
`37 0101 1010 0101 1010 0101 1010 0101 1010 1010 0101 1010 0101 1010 0101 1010 0101
`38 0011 1100 0011 1100 0011 1100 0011 1100 1100 0011 1100 0011 1100 0011 1100 0011
`39 0110 1001 0110 1001 0110 1001 0110 1001 1001 0110 1001 0110 1001 0110 1001 0110
`40 0000 0000 1111 1111 0000 0000 1111 1ll1 1111 1111 0000 0000 1111
`1111 0000 0000
`41 0101 0101 1010 1010 0101 0101 1010 1010 1010 1010 0101 0101 1010 1010 0101 0101
`42 OOll 0011 1100 1100 0011 0011
`llOO 1100 1100 1100 OOll 0011 1100 1100 OOll 0011
`43 0110 0110 1001 1001 OllO 0110 1001 1001 1001 1001 0110 0110 1001 1001 0110 0110
`44 0000 1111
`1111 0000 0000 1111 1111 0000 1111 0000 0000 Jill
`]]]] 0000 0000 1111
`45 0101 1010 1010 0101 0101 1010 1010 0101 1010 0101 0101 1010 1010 0101 0101 1010
`46 0011 1100 1100 0011 0011 1100 1100 0011 1100 0011 0011 1100 1100 0011 0011 1100
`4 7 0110 1 00 l 1001 0110 0 11 0 1001 1001 0110 1001 011 0 0 l 10 100 I 100 I 011 0 011 0 1001
`
`WALSH
`SYMBOL
`INDEX
`
`d •
`rJ.l
`•
`
`~ = i
`
`""""'
`
`> "= !:1
`
`"'N
`~
`\C)
`
`\C) =-.
`
`'7.). =(cid:173)rtl
`~
`~
`Ul
`
`s,
`
`~
`QCI
`
`Ol
`-..
`Ol
`Q .a;.
`
`-.. "' "' ~
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc., Exhibit 1029
`Page 16
`
`

`

`FIG. 6c
`
`WALSH CHIP WITHIN SYMBOL
`1111 2222 2222 2233 3333 3333 4444 4444 4455 5555 5555 6666
`1111
`11
`0123 4567 8901 2345 6789 0123 4567 8901 2345 6789 0123 4567 8901 2345 6789 0123
`4 8 0000 0000 0000 0000 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000 0000 0000
`49 0101 0101 0101 0101 1010 1010 1010 1010 1010 1010 1010 1010 0101 0101 0101 0101
`50 0011 0011 0011 0011 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 0011 0011 0011 0011
`51 0110 0110 0110 0110 1001 1001 1001 1001 1001 1001 1001 1001 0110 0110 0110 0110
`52 0000 1111 0000 1111
`1111 0000 1111 0000 1111 0000 1111 0000 0000 1111 0000 1111
`53 0101 1010 0101 1010 1010 0101 1010 0101 1010 0101 1010 0101 0101 1010 0101 1010
`54 0011 1100 0011 1100 1100 0011 1100 0011 1100 0011 1100 0011 0011 1100 0011 1100
`55 0110 1001 0110 1001 1001 0110 1001 0110 1001 0110 1001 0110 0110 1001 0110 1001
`56 oooo oooo 1111
`1111 oooo oooo 1 n 1 1111 oooo oooo oooo oooo 1111
`1111
`1111
`1111
`57 0101 0101 1010 1010 1010 1010 0101 0101 1010 1010 0101 0101 0101 0101 1010 1010
`58 0011 0011 1100 1100 1100 1100 0011 0011 1100 1100 0011 0011 0011 0011 1100 1100
`59 0110 011 0 1001 1 001 1001 1001 011 0 0110 1001 1001 0110 0110 0110 0 ll 0 1001 1001
`60 0000 1111 1111 0000 1111 0000 0000 1111
`1111 0000 0000 1111 0000 1111 1111 0000
`61 0101 1010 1010 0101 1010 0101 0101 1010 1010 0101 0101 1010 0101 1010 1010 0101
`62 0011 1100 1100 0011 1100 0011 0011 1100 1100 0011 0011 1100 001 I 1100 1100 0011
`6 3 0110 1001 100 I 011 0 1001 011 0 0 110 1001 1001 0110 0110 1001 011 0 1001 1001 011 0
`
`WALSH
`SYMBOL
`INDEX
`
`Cj
`•
`rJJ.
`•
`
`~ = f""f'-
`~ = f""f'-
`
`>
`"'CS
`~
`"'N
`.....
`\C
`\C
`="
`
`rJ:l =(cid:173)~
`~ .....
`="
`s,
`.....
`
`QO
`
`til
`
`~ til = ... ~
`
`.....;)
`.....;)
`~
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc., Exhibit 1029
`Page 17
`
`

`

`INITIALIZATION STATE
`FROM MICROPROCESSOR
`I
`
`42
`
`I
`
`l
`r
`
`70
`(
`
`l
`
`•••
`
`- T-
`
`72
`
`- - -
`
`J
`
`LONG CODE MASK
`FROM MASK CIRCUIT
`
`FIG. 7
`
`LONG CODE SEQUENCE
`(U_PN_SEQ)
`TO EXCLUSIVE-OR GATE AND
`DATA BURST RANDOMIZER
`
`~
`00.
`•
`~
`~ ;--
`= ~
`
`~ :"I
`
`~N
`
`~
`\C
`\C =-.
`
`!:7.l =-~
`
`~
`~
`~ sa,
`
`~
`QC
`
`til
`-..
`
`til = ~ -..
`......:J
`......:J w
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc., Exhibit 1029
`Page 18
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 2, 1996
`
`Sheet 18 of 18
`
`5,504,773
`
`41
`
`HEADER
`
`ACCESS CHANNEL LONG CODE MASK
`9 8
`29 28
`24 23 21 20
`
`I PILOT_PN
`
`0
`
`41
`
`I HEADER
`
`41
`
`40 39
`
`I HEADER I
`
`FIG. 8a
`
`PUBLIC LONG CODE MASK
`
`ESN/PERMUTED ESN
`
`FIG. 8b
`
`PRIVATE LONG CODE MASK
`
`PRIVATE LONG CODE
`
`FIG. 8c
`
`0
`
`-10
`
`-20
`
`Db -30
`
`-40
`
`-50
`
`-60 +--------1-......_. .......... _..__.._ ___ -At--
`1.2288
`0.6144
`0
`MHZ
`
`FIG.9
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc., Exhibit 1029
`Page 19
`
`

`

`5,504,773
`
`1
`METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE
`FORMATTING OF DATA FOR
`TRANSMISSION
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`5
`
`2
`the drawings in which like reference characters identify
`correspondingly throughout and wherein:
`FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary
`embodiment for a transmitter portion of a transceiver;
`FIGS. 2a-2h are a series of diagrams illustrating frame
`data formats for the various data rates, types and modes;
`FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary circuit
`implementation of the CRC and Tail Bit generator ofFIG.1;
`FIGS. 4a-4e is a flow chart of the formatting of frames of
`data;
`FIGS. 5a-5d illustrate in a series of charts the ordering of
`code symbols in the interleaver array for transmission data
`rates of 9.6, 4.8, 2.4 and 1.2 kbps, respectively;
`FIGS. 6a-6c comprise a chart illustrating the Walsh
`symbol corresponding to each encoder symbol group;
`FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating the long code
`generator of FIG. 1;
`FIGS. 8a-8c are a series of diagrams illustrating long
`code masks for the various channel type; and
`FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating the frequency response of the
`digital filters of FIG. 1.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
`
`1. Field of the Invention
`The present application is a continuation of U.S. appli(cid:173)
`cation Ser. No. 07/822,169, filed Jan. 16, 1992, which is a
`continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application 10
`Ser. No. 07/543,496, filed Jun. 25, 1990, now U.S. Pat. No.
`5,103,459, entitled "SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR GEN(cid:173)
`ERATING SIGNAL WAVEFORMS IN A CDMA CELLU(cid:173)
`LAR TELEPHONE SYSTEM" and as such relates to the
`organization of data for transmission. More particularly, the 15
`present invention relates to a novel and improved method
`and apparatus for formatting vocoder data, non-vocoder data
`and signaling data for transmission.
`2. Description of the Related Art
`In the field of digital communications various arrange- 20
`ments of digital data for transmission are used. The data bits
`are organized according to commonly used formats for
`transfer over the communication medium.
`It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide
`a data format which facilitates the communication of various
`types of data, and data of various rates, to be communicated
`in a structured form.
`
`25
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates an
`exemplary embodiment of a transmit portion 10 of a CDMA
`mobile station transceiver or PCN handset. In a CDMA
`30 cellular communication system a forward CDMA channel is
`used to transmit information from a cell base station to the
`The present invention is a novel and improved method
`mobile station. Conversely a reverse CDMA channel is used
`and system for formatting digital data for communication
`to transmit information from the mobile station to the cell
`over a transmission medium.
`base station. The communication of signals from the mobile
`In communication systems it is important to utilize a data
`format which permits a full communication of data between 35 station may be characterized in the form of an access
`channel or a traffic channel communication. The access
`users. In a communication system, such as a code division
`multiple access (CDMA) communication system, in which
`channel is used for short signaling messages such as call
`it is desirable to communicate various types of data, and at
`originations, responses to pages, and registrations. The traf-
`fie channel is used to communicate (1) primary traffic,
`various rates, a data format must be selected which permits
`maximum flexibility within a predefined structure. Further- 40
`typically includes user speech, or (2) secondary traffic,
`more to maximize resources it is desirable to permit a
`typically user data, or (3) signaling traffic, such as command
`sharing of the format to permit different types of data to be
`and control signals, or ( 4) a combination of primary traffic
`and secondary traffic or (5) a combination of primary traffic
`organized together. In such situations it is necessary . to
`and signaling traffic.
`structure the data in a manner in which it may be readily
`Transmit portion 10 enables data to be transmitted on the
`extracted according to the corresponding type and rate.
`In accordance with the present invention a method and
`reverse CDMA channel at data rates of 9.6 kbps, 4.8 kbps,
`apparatus is provided for arranging various types of data,
`2.4 kbps or 1.2 kbps. Transmissions on the reverse traffic
`and at various rate, into a uniquely structured format for
`channel may be at any of these data rates while transmis-
`transmission. Data is provided as vocoder data or different
`sions on the access channel are at the 4.8 kbps data rate. The
`types of non-vocoder data. The data is organized into frames
`transmission duty cycle on the reverse traffic channel will
`of a predetermined time duration for transmission. The data
`vary with the transmission data rate. Specifically, the trans-
`mission duty cycle for each rate is provided in Table I. As the
`frames are organized, depending on the data, to be at one of
`several data rates. Vocoder data is provided at one of several
`duty cycle for transmission varies proportionately with the
`data rates and is organized in the frame according to a 55 data rate, the actual burst transmission rate is fixed at 28,800
`predetermined format. Frames may be formatted with a
`code symbols per second. Since six code symbols are
`modulated as one of 64 Walsh symbols for transmission, the
`sharing of vocoder data with non-vocoder data to be at a
`Walsh symbol transmission rate shall be fixed at 4800 Walsh
`highest frame data rate. Non-vocoder data may be organized
`so as to also be at a highest frame rate. Additional control
`symbols per second which results in a fixed Walsh chip rate
`of 307.2 kcps.
`data may be provided within the data frames to support
`various aspects of the transmission and recovery upon
`All data that is transmitted on the reverse CDMA channel
`reception.
`is convolutional encoded, block interle