Accused Sony Products: Direct Infringement Claim Charts
`The term “Accused Headsets” refers to Premium Bluetooth Headphones (MDR-1RBT), Bluetooth and Noise Cancelling Headset
`(MDR-ZX750BN), Premium Bluetooth Wireless Headphones (MDR-10RBT), Bluetooth Headphones (DR-BTN200), and Stereo
`Bluetooth Headset (SBH80).
`Each of the Accused Headsets implements Bluetooth version 2.1 or greater. Furthermore, each of the Accused Headsets implements
`Bluetooth Enhanced Data Rate (EDR). Furthermore still, each of the Accused Headsets implements Bluetooth Advanced Audio
`Distribution Profile (A2DP).
`For example, Sony advertises that the Premium Bluetooth Headphones (MDR-1RBT), Bluetooth and Noise Cancelling Headset
`(MDR-ZX750BN), Premium Bluetooth Wireless Headphones (MDR-10RBT), Bluetooth Headphones (DR-BTN200), and Stereo
`Bluetooth Headset (SBH80) each supports Bluetooth 3.0. 
`
` 
`
`U.S. Patent No. 8,131,391
`1. A wireless digital audio headphone
`comprising:
`a portable digital audio headphone
`receiver configured to receive a
`unique user code bit sequence
`and a original audio signal
`representation in the form of
`packets, said digital audio
`headphone receiver, capable of
`mobile operation and configured
`for direct digital wireless spread
`spectrum communication with a
`mobile digital audio transmitter;
`
`Infringing Devices
`Each Accused Headset is a wireless digital audio headphone. 
`
`Each Accused Headset comprises a portable digital audio headphone receiver configured to
`receive a unique user code bit sequence and a original audio signal representation in the form
`of packets, said digital audio headphone receiver, capable of mobile operation and configured
`for direct digital wireless spread spectrum communication with a mobile digital audio
`transmitter.
`For example, the Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 2] at 63 describes
`1.3 ACCESS CODES
`
`In the Bluetooth system all transmissions over the physical channel begin with an
`access code. Three different access codes are defined, see also Section 6.3.1 on page
`98:
`
`ONE-E-WAY PUBLIC EXHIBIT 6
`Page 1 of 140
`
`SONY Exhibit 1015 - 0001
`
`

`
`• device access code (DAC)
`
`• channel access code (CAC)
`
`• inquiry access code (IAC)
`
`All access codes are derived from the LAP of a device address or an inquiry address.
`The device access code is used during page, page scan and page response substates and
`shall be derived from the paged device’s BD_ADDR. The channel access code is used
`in the CONNECTION state and forms the beginning of all packets exchanged on the
`piconet physical channel. The channel access code shall be derived from the LAP of
`the master’s BD_ADDR. Finally, the inquiry access code shall be used in the inquiry
`substate. There is one general IAC (GIAC) for general inquiry operations and there are
`63 dedicated IACs (DIACs) for dedicated inquiry operations.
`
`The access code also indicates to the receiver the arrival of a packet. It is used for
`timing synchronization and offset compensation. The receiver correlates against the
`entire synchronization word in the access code, providing very robust signaling.
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 3] at 67; Bluetooth Specification
`Version 3.0 + HS [vol 3] at 67; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 at 69.
`
`In addition, Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 2] at 62 describes:
`
`1.2 BLUETOOTH DEVICE ADDRESSING
`
`Each Bluetooth device shall be allocated a unique 48-bit Bluetooth device address
`(BD_ADDR). This address shall be obtained from the IEEE Registration Authority.
`The address is divided into the following three fields:
`
`• LAP field: lower address part consisting of 24 bits
`
`ONE-E-WAY PUBLIC EXHIBIT 6
`Page 2 of 140
`
`SONY Exhibit 1015 - 0002
`
`

`
`• UAP field: upper address part consisting of 8 bits
`
`• NAP field: non-significant address part consisting of 16 bits
`
`The LAP and UAP form the significant part of the BD_ADDR. The bit pattern in
`Figure 1.5 is an example BD_ADDR.
`
`
`
`Figure 1.5: Format of BD_ADDR.
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 3] at 66; Bluetooth Specification
`Version 3.0 + HS [vol 3] at 66; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 2] at 68.
`
`Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 2] at 64, describes:
`
`2 PHYSICAL CHANNELS
`
`Given that the number of RF carriers is limited and that many Bluetooth devices could
`be operating independently within the same spatial and temporal area there is a strong
`likelihood of two independent Bluetooth devices having their transceivers tuned to the
`same RF carrier, resulting in a physical channel collision. To mitigate the unwanted
`effects of this collision each transmission on a physical channel starts with an access
`code that is used as a correlation code by devices tuned to the physical channel. This
`channel access code is a property of the physical channel. The access code is always
`present at the start of every transmitted packet.
`
`ONE-E-WAY PUBLIC EXHIBIT 6
`Page 3 of 140
`
`SONY Exhibit 1015 - 0003
`
`

`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 3] at 69; Bluetooth Specification
`Version 3.0 + HS [vol 2] at 68; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 2] at 68.
`For example, Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 2] at 407, describes:
`
`
`6.18 FLUSH TIMEOUT
`The Flush_Timeout configuration parameter is used for ACL connections only. The
`Flush Timeout is defined in the Baseband specification section 7.6.3, “Flushing
`Payloads,” on page 142. This parameter allows automatically-flushable ACL packets
`to be automatically flushed without the Host device issuing a Flush command. This
`provides support for isochronous data, such as audio. (emphasis added).
`
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 3] at 392; Bluetooth Specification
`Version 3.0 + HS [vol 2] at 427; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 2] at 444.
`
`See Bluetooth Specification Advanced Audio distribution Profile (Adopted Version 1.0), at 9
`
`The Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP) defines the protocols and procedures hat
`realize distribution of audio content of high-quality in mono or stereo on ACL channels. The
`term “advanced audio”, therefore, should be distinguished from “Bluetooth audio”, which
`indicates distribution of narrow band voice on SCO channels as defined in Chapter 12 of
`Bluetooth Baseband specification [1].
`
` A
`
` typical usage case is the streaming of music content from a stereo music player to
`headphones or speakers. The audio data is compressed in a proper format for efficient use of
`the limited bandwidth. Surround sound distribution is not included in the scope of this profile.
`
`Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 1] at 77 describes:
`
`
`2.2 STRCUTURE CHANGE
`The Bluetooth Core Specification 1.2 was significantly restructured for better
`consistency and readability. The most important structure changes have been
`performed in Baseband, LMP, HCI and L2CAP. The text in these sections has been
`
`ONE-E-WAY PUBLIC EXHIBIT 6
`Page 4 of 140
`
`SONY Exhibit 1015 - 0004
`
`

`
`rearranged to provide:
`• Presentation of the information in a more logical progression
`• Removal of redundant text and requirements
`• Consolidation of baseband related requirements (for example, the Baseband Timers
`and Bluetooth Audio sections into the Baseband Specification). (emphasis added).
`
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 1] at 75; Bluetooth Specification
`Version 3.0 + HS [vol 1] at 87; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 1] at 117.
`
`Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 2] at 190 describes:
`
`
`9.4.1 Signal levels
`For A-law and μ-law log-PCM encoded signals the requirements on signal levels
`shall follow the ITU-T recommendation G.711. Full swing at the 16 bit linear PCM
`interface to the CVSD encoder is defined to be 3 dBm0.
`
`9.4.2 CVSD audio quality
`For Bluetooth audio quality the requirements are put on the transmitter side. The 64
`ksamples/s linear PCM input signal should have negligible spectral power density
`above 4 kHz. The power spectral density in the 4-32 kHz band of the decoded signal at
`the 64 ksample/s linear PCM output, should be more than 20 dB below the maximum
`in the 0-4 kHz range.
`
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 3] at 198; Bluetooth Specification
`Version 3.0 + HS [vol 2] at 193; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 2] at 195.
`
`Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 2]at 196, describes:
`
`ONE-E-WAY PUBLIC EXHIBIT 6
`Page 5 of 140
`
`SONY Exhibit 1015 - 0005
`
`

`
`
`
`
`See also id.at 195 (“Appendix A: General Audio Recommendations”); Bluetooth Specification
`Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 2] at 201; Bluetooth Specification Version 3.0 + HS [vol 2] at 199;
`Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 2] at 201.
`
`Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 1] at 13-14 describes:
`
`
`Data is transmitted between Bluetooth devices in packets, that are positioned in these
`slots. When circumstances permit, a number of consecutive slots may be allocated to a
`single packet.
`Within a physical channel, a physical link is formed between any two devices that
`
`ONE-E-WAY PUBLIC EXHIBIT 6
`Page 6 of 140
`
`SONY Exhibit 1015 - 0006
`
`

`
`transmit packets in either direction between them.
`
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 1] at 13-14; Bluetooth Specification
`Version 3.0 + HS [vol 1] at 16; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 1] at 19.
`
`Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 3] at 233 describes:
`
`
`8.2 EXAMPLE EXTENDED INQUIRY RESPONSE
`This is an example extended inquiry response for a phone with PANU, Handsfree
`Audio Gateway, and Intercom Service.
`
`
`Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 2] at 209 describes:
`
`
`2.3 PACKET FORMAT
`Each PDU is assigned either a 7 or a 15 bit opcode used to uniquely identify different
`types of PDUs, see Table 5.1 on page 310. The first 7 bits of the opcode and a
`transaction ID are located in the first byte of the payload body. If the initial 7 bits of
`the opcode have one of the special escape values 124-127 then an additional byte of
`opcode is located in the second byte of the payload and the combination uniquely
`identifies the PDU.
`(PDU stands for “Protocol Data Unit (i.e., a message)).
`
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 3] at 220; Bluetooth Specification
`Version 3.0 + HS [vol 2] at 211; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 2] at 213.
`For example, Sony advertises:
`
`ONE-E-WAY PUBLIC EXHIBIT 6
`Page 7 of 140
`
`SONY Exhibit 1015 - 0007
`
`

`
`
`
`.
`For example, Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 2] at 174 describes:
`
`8.6.6 Scatternet
`
`Multiple piconets can cover the same area. Since each piconet has a different master,
`the piconets hop independently, each with their own hopping sequence and phase as
`determined by the respective master. In addition, the packets carried on the channels
`are preceded by different channel access codes as determined by the master device
`addresses. As more piconets are added, the probability of collisions increases; a
`graceful degradation of performance results as is common in frequency-hopping
`spread spectrum systems.
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 3] at 177; Bluetooth Specification
`
`ONE-E-WAY PUBLIC EXHIBIT 6
`Page 8 of 140
`
`SONY Exhibit 1015 - 0008
`
`

`
`Version 3.0 + HS [vol 2] at 172; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 2] at 174.
`
`
`Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol2] at 195 describes:
`
`9.4.2 CVSD Audio Quality
`
`For Bluetooth audio quality the requirements are put on the transmitter side. The 64
`ksamples/s linear PCM input signal should have negligible spectral power density
`above 4 kHz. The power spectral density in the 4-32 kHz band of the decoded signal at
`the 64 ksamples/s linear PCM output, should be more than 20 dB below the maximum
`in the 0-4 kHz range. (emphasis added).
`
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 3] at 198; Bluetooth Specification
`Version 3.0 + HS [vol 2] at 193; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 2] at 195.
`
`Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol2] at 96 describes:
`
`3.1 LINK SUPERVISION
`
`A connection can break down due to various reasons such as a device moving out of
`range, encountering severe interference or a power failure condition. Since this can
`happen without any prior warning, it is important to monitor the link on both the
`master and the slave side to avoid possible collisions when the logical transport
`address (see Section 4.2 on page 97) or parked member address (see Section 4.7.1 on
`page 105) is reassigned to another slave. (emphasis added).
`
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 3] at 198; Bluetooth Specification
`Version 3.0 + HS [vol 2] at 193; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 2] at 195.
`
`Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 2] at 227 describes:
`
`
`ONE-E-WAY PUBLIC EXHIBIT 6
`Page 9 of 140
`
`SONY Exhibit 1015 - 0009
`
`

`
`4.1.4 Adaptive frequency hopping
`
`AFH is used to improve the performance of physical links in the presence of
`interference as well as reducing the interference caused by physical links on other
`devices in the ISM band. AFH shall only be used during the connection state.
`
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 3] at 237; Bluetooth Specification
`Version 3.0 + HS [vol 2] at 231; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 2] at 234.
`
`Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 2] at 32 describes:
`
`
`3 TRANSMITTER CHARACTERISTICS
`The requirements stated in this section are given as power levels at the antenna
`connector of the Bluetooth device. If the device does not have a connector, a reference
`antenna with 0 dBi gain is assumed.
`
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 3] at 31; Specification Version 3.0 +
`HS [vol 2] at 34; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 2] at 36.
`
`Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 2] at 38 describes:
`
`
`The transmitted packets shall be the longest supported packet type for each modulation
`method, as defined in Table 6.9 and Table 6.10 in the Baseband part.
`
`3.2.2.1 In-band Spurious Emission
`Within the ISM band the power spectral density of the transmitter shall comply with
`the following requirements when sending pseudo random data. All power
`measurements shall use a 100 kHz bandwidth with maximum hold.
`
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 3] at 37; Specification Version 3.0 +
`HS [vol 2] at 41; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 2] at 38. 
`Each Accused Headset comprises a direct conversion module configured to capture packets
`
`ONE-E-WAY PUBLIC EXHIBIT 6
`Page 10 of 140
`
`a direct conversion module
`
`SONY Exhibit 1015 - 0010
`
`

`
`configured to capture packets and
`the correct bit sequence within
`the packets aided by lowering
`signal detection error through
`reduced intersymbol interference
`coding of said audio
`representation signal respective to
`said headphone receiver and said
`mobile digital audio transmitter,
`said packets embedded in the
`received spread spectrum signal,
`the captured packets
`corresponding to the unique user
`code;
`
`and the correct bit sequence within the packets aided by lowering signal detection error
`through reduced intersymbol interference coding of said audio representation signal respective
`to said headphone receiver and said mobile digital audio transmitter, said packets embedded in
`the received spread spectrum signal, the captured packets corresponding to the unique user
`code.
`In the Bluetooth specification section discussing EDR and HS, ISI is reduced by at least
`encoding multiple bits into a single symbol. For example:
`
`Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 2] at 36 describes:
`
`The modulation shall employ square-root raised cosine pulse shaping to generate the
`equivalent lowpass information-bearing signal v(t).
`
`3.2.1.2 Differential Phase Encoding
`For the M-ary modulation, the binary data stream {bn}, n=1,2,3, …N, shall be mapped
`onto a corresponding sequence {Sk}, k=1,2, …N/log2(M) of complex valued signal
`points. M=4 applies for 2 Mbps and M=8 applies for 3 Mbps. Gray coding shall be
`applied as shown in Table 3.4 and Table 3.5. In the event that the length of the binary
`data stream N is not an integer multiple of log2(M), the last symbol of the sequence
`{Sk} shall be formed by appending data zeros to the appropriate length. The signal
`points Sk shall be defined by:
`
`
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 3] at 35; Bluetooth Specification
`Version 3.0 + HS [vol 2] at 38; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 2] at 40.
`
`
`ONE-E-WAY PUBLIC EXHIBIT 6
`Page 11 of 140
`
`SONY Exhibit 1015 - 0011
`
`

`
`Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 2] at 37 describes:
`
`3.2.1.3 Pulse Shaping
`
`The lowpass equivalent information-bearing signal v(t) shall be generated according to
`
` 
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 3] at 36; Bluetooth Specification
`Version 3.0 + HS [vol 2] at 40; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 2] at 40.
`
`
`Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 2] at 169 describes:
`
`Multiple piconets may cover the same area. Since each piconet has a different master,
`the piconets hop independently, each with their own hopping sequence and phase as
`determined by the respective master. In addition, the packets carried on the channels
`are preceded by different channel access codes as determined by the master device
`addresses. As more piconets are added, the probability of collisions increases; a
`
`ONE-E-WAY PUBLIC EXHIBIT 6
`Page 12 of 140
`
`SONY Exhibit 1015 - 0012
`
`

`
`graceful degradation of performance results as is common in frequency-hopping
`spread spectrum systems.
`
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 3] at 177; Bluetooth Specification
`Version 3.0 + HS [vol 2] at 172; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 2] at 174.
`
`
`
`See Section
`shaping,
`pulse
`and
`interference
`Inter-symbol
`6:
`http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~barry/mydocs/CS3282/Notes/DC06_6.pdf
`
`available
`
`at
`
`Inter-symbol interference (ISI) can occur due to the ringing of one symbol into the
`next. However, ISI can be avoided if the transmitter's pulse shaping filter shapes the
`symbols so that zero-crossings at the output of the receiving filters occur T seconds,
`2T seconds, and so on after (and before) the centre of the symbol.
`
`As another example. Broadcom’s BCM4329 Bluetooth Chip includes two Direct Conversion
`components, as shown below.
`
`See also “Intersil, CSR spin Bluetooth/802.11b reference design” available at
`http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1206562
`
`At this week's Bluetooth Developer's Conference here, Intersil and CSR will unveil a similar
`offering. The CSR/Intersil reference card includes the Prism 3 chipset, which includes a
`direct-conversion radio and a baseband/MAC IC. It also houses CSR's BlueCore2 IC, which
`integrates both the Bluetooth RF and baseband functionality on the same piece of silicon.
`For example, Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 2] at 174 describes:
`
`8.6.6 Scatternet
`
`Multiple piconets can cover the same area. Since each piconet has a different master,
`the piconets hop independently, each with their own hopping sequence and phase as
`
`ONE-E-WAY PUBLIC EXHIBIT 6
`Page 13 of 140
`
`SONY Exhibit 1015 - 0013
`
`

`
`determined by the respective master. In addition, the packets carried on the channels
`are preceded by different channel access codes as determined by the master device
`addresses. As more piconets are added, the probability of collisions increases; a
`graceful degradation of performance results as is common in frequency-hopping
`spread spectrum systems.
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 3] at 177; Bluetooth Specification
`Version 3.0 + HS [vol 2] at 172; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 2] at 174.
`
`
`Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol2] at 195 describes:
`
`9.4.2 CVSD Audio Quality
`
`For Bluetooth audio quality the requirements are put on the transmitter side. The 64
`ksamples/s linear PCM input signal should have negligible spectral power density
`above 4 kHz. The power spectral density in the 4-32 kHz band of the decoded signal at
`the 64 ksamples/s linear PCM output, should be more than 20 dB below the maximum
`in the 0-4 kHz range. (emphasis added).
`
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 3] at 198; Bluetooth Specification
`Version 3.0 + HS [vol 2] at 193; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 2] at 195.
`
`Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol2] at 96 describes:
`
`3.1 LINK SUPERVISION
`
`A connection can break down due to various reasons such as a device moving out of
`range, encountering severe interference or a power failure condition. Since this can
`happen without any prior warning, it is important to monitor the link on both the
`master and the slave side to avoid possible collisions when the logical transport
`address (see Section 4.2 on page 97) or parked member address (see Section 4.7.1 on
`page 105) is reassigned to another slave. (emphasis added).
`
`ONE-E-WAY PUBLIC EXHIBIT 6
`Page 14 of 140
`
`SONY Exhibit 1015 - 0014
`
`

`
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 3] at 198; Bluetooth Specification
`Version 3.0 + HS [vol 2] at 193; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 2] at 195.
`
`Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 2] at 227 describes:
`
`
`4.1.4 Adaptive frequency hopping
`
`AFH is used to improve the performance of physical links in the presence of
`interference as well as reducing the interference caused by physical links on other
`devices in the ISM band. AFH shall only be used during the connection state.
`
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 3] at 237; Bluetooth Specification
`Version 3.0 + HS [vol 2] at 231; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 2] at 234.
`
`Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 2] at 32 describes:
`
`
`3 TRANSMITTER CHARACTERISTICS
`The requirements stated in this section are given as power levels at the antenna
`connector of the Bluetooth device. If the device does not have a connector, a reference
`antenna with 0 dBi gain is assumed.
`
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 3] at 31; Specification Version 3.0 +
`HS [vol 2] at 34; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 2] at 36.
`
`Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 2] at 38 describes:
`
`
`The transmitted packets shall be the longest supported packet type for each modulation
`method, as defined in Table 6.9 and Table 6.10 in the Baseband part.
`
`3.2.2.1 In-band Spurious Emission
`Within the ISM band the power spectral density of the transmitter shall comply with
`the following requirements when sending pseudo random data. All power
`
`ONE-E-WAY PUBLIC EXHIBIT 6
`Page 15 of 140
`
`SONY Exhibit 1015 - 0015
`
`

`
`measurements shall use a 100 kHz bandwidth with maximum hold.
`
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 3] at 37; Specification Version 3.0 +
`HS [vol 2] at 41; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 2] at 38.
`For example, the Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 2] at 63 describes
`1.3 ACCESS CODES
`
`In the Bluetooth system all transmissions over the physical channel begin with an
`access code. Three different access codes are defined, see also Section 6.3.1 on page
`98:
`
`• device access code (DAC)
`
`• channel access code (CAC)
`
`• inquiry access code (IAC)
`
`All access codes are derived from the LAP of a device address or an inquiry address.
`The device access code is used during page, page scan and page response substates and
`shall be derived from the paged device’s BD_ADDR. The channel access code is used
`in the CONNECTION state and forms the beginning of all packets exchanged on the
`piconet physical channel. The channel access code shall be derived from the LAP of
`the master’s BD_ADDR. Finally, the inquiry access code shall be used in the inquiry
`substate. There is one general IAC (GIAC) for general inquiry operations and there are
`63 dedicated IACs (DIACs) for dedicated inquiry operations.
`
`The access code also indicates to the receiver the arrival of a packet. It is used for
`timing synchronization and offset compensation. The receiver correlates against the
`entire synchronization word in the access code, providing very robust signaling.
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 3] at 67; Bluetooth Specification
`
`ONE-E-WAY PUBLIC EXHIBIT 6
`Page 16 of 140
`
`SONY Exhibit 1015 - 0016
`
`

`
`Version 3.0 + HS [vol 3] at 67; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 at 69.
`
`In addition, Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 2] at 62 describes:
`
`1.2 BLUETOOTH DEVICE ADDRESSING
`
`Each Bluetooth device shall be allocated a unique 48-bit Bluetooth device address
`(BD_ADDR). This address shall be obtained from the IEEE Registration Authority.
`The address is divided into the following three fields:
`
`• LAP field: lower address part consisting of 24 bits
`
`• UAP field: upper address part consisting of 8 bits
`
`• NAP field: non-significant address part consisting of 16 bits
`
`The LAP and UAP form the significant part of the BD_ADDR. The bit pattern in
`Figure 1.5 is an example BD_ADDR.
`
`Figure 1.5: Format of BD_ADDR.
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 3] at 66; Bluetooth Specification
`Version 3.0 + HS [vol 3] at 66; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 2] at 68.
`
`
`
`ONE-E-WAY PUBLIC EXHIBIT 6
`Page 17 of 140
`
`SONY Exhibit 1015 - 0017
`
`

`
`a digital demodulator configured for
`independent CDMA
`communication operation;
`
`Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 2] at 64, describes:
`
`2 PHYSICAL CHANNELS
`
`Given that the number of RF carriers is limited and that many Bluetooth devices could
`be operating independently within the same spatial and temporal area there is a strong
`likelihood of two independent Bluetooth devices having their transceivers tuned to the
`same RF carrier, resulting in a physical channel collision. To mitigate the unwanted
`effects of this collision each transmission on a physical channel starts with an access
`code that is used as a correlation code by devices tuned to the physical channel. This
`channel access code is a property of the physical channel. The access code is always
`present at the start of every transmitted packet.
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 3] at 69; Bluetooth Specification
`Version 3.0 + HS [vol 2] at 68; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 2] at 68.  
`Each Accused Headset comprises a digital demodulator configured for independent CDMA
`communication operation.
`Bluetooth is based on FH-CDMA (Frequency Hopping Code Division Multiple Access). See
`Performance Analysis of Bluetooth Network in the Presence of WI-FI System, by Shehu
`Hassan Ayagi, Computer Engineering and Intelligent Systems, Vol. 5, No. 9, 2014; see also
`Bluetooth Communication with Arduino by Dr. Xiaohai Li, available at
`http://citytechrobotics.org/EMT2461/Bluetooth%20with%20Arduino-2014.pdf.
`
`For example, Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR at 56 [vol 1] describes
`
`The result of this interpretation allows the packet payload header and payload to be
`received and demodulated according to the packet type.
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 1] at 57; Bluetooth Specification
`Version 3.0 + HS [vol 1] at 65; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 1] at 80.
`
`See Wireless Communication Systems: From RF Subsystems to 4G Enabling Technologies by
`Ke-Lin Du, M. N. S. Swam, Cambridge University Press 2010, at 283 (“FH-CDMA is the
`
`ONE-E-WAY PUBLIC EXHIBIT 6
`Page 18 of 140
`
`SONY Exhibit 1015 - 0018
`
`

`
`core multiple-access technology in Bluetooth. . . .”).
`
`Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 1] at 13-14 describes:
`
`
`Devices in a piconet use a specific frequency hopping pattern, which is algorithmically
`determined by certain fields in the Bluetooth address and clock of the master. The
`basic hopping pattern is a pseudo-random ordering of the 79 frequencies in the ISM
`band. The hopping pattern may be adapted to exclude a portion of the frequencies that
`are used by interfering devices. The adaptive hopping technique improves Bluetooth
`co-existence with static (non-hopping) ISM systems when these are co-located.
`
`The physical channel is sub-divided into time units known as slots. Data is transmitted
`between Bluetooth devices in packets, that are positioned in these slots. When
`circumstances permit, a number of consecutive slots may be allocated to a single
`packet. Frequency hopping takes place between the transmission or reception of
`packets. Bluetooth technology provides the effect of full duplex transmission through
`the use of a Time-Division Duplex (TDD) scheme.
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 1] at 13; Bluetooth Specification
`Version 3.0 + HS [vol 1] at 16; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 1] at 19.
`
`
`Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 1] at 33 describes:
`
`For the basic and adapted piconet physical channels frequency hopping is used to
`change frequency periodically to reduce the effects of interference and for regulatory
`reasons.
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 1] at 49; Bluetooth
`Specification Version 3.0 + HS [vol 1] at 40; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol
`1] at 70.
`
`ONE-E-WAY PUBLIC EXHIBIT 6
`Page 19 of 140
`
`SONY Exhibit 1015 - 0019
`
`

`
`
`
`Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 1] at 34 describes:
`
`3.3.1.2 Characteristics
`
`The basic piconet channel is characterized by a pseudo-random sequence hopping
`through the RF channels. The hopping sequence is unique for the piconet and is
`determined by the Bluetooth device address of the master. The phase in the hopping
`sequence is determined by the Bluetooth clock of the master. All Bluetooth devices
`participating in the piconet are time- and hop-synchronized to the channel.
`
`The channel is divided into time slots where each slot corresponds to an RF hop
`frequency. Consecutive hops correspond to different RF hop frequencies. The time
`slots are numbered according to the Bluetooth clock of the piconet master. Packets are
`transmitted by Bluetooth devices participating in the piconet aligned to start at a slot
`boundary. Each packet starts with the channel’s access code, which is derived from the
`Bluetooth device address of the piconet.
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 1] at 35; Bluetooth Specification
`Version 3.0 + HS [vol 1] at 41; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 1] at 50.
`
`
`Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 2] at 227 describes:
`
`
`4.1.4 Adaptive frequency hopping
`
`AFH is used to improve the performance of physical links in the presence of
`interference as well as reducing the interference caused by physical links on other
`devices in the ISM band. AFH shall only be used during the connection state.
`
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 3] at 237; Bluetooth Specification
`Version 3.0 + HS [vol 2] at 231; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 2] at 234.
`
`ONE-E-WAY PUBLIC EXHIBIT 6
`Page 20 of 140
`
`SONY Exhibit 1015 - 0020
`
`

`
`
`Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 2] at 169 describes:
`
`Multiple piconets may cover the same area. Since each piconet has a different master,
`the piconets hop independently, each with their own hopping sequence and phase as
`determined by the respective master. In addition, the packets carried on the channels
`are preceded by different channel access codes as determined by the master device
`addresses. As more piconets are added, the probability of collisions increases; a
`graceful degradation of performance results as is common in frequency-hopping
`spread spectrum systems.
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 3] at 177; Bluetooth Specification
`Version 3.0 + HS [vol 2] at 172; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol 2] at 174.
`
`
`Bluetooth Specification Version 2.1 + EDR [vol 2] at 784 describes:
`
`2 FREQUENCY HOPPING SAMPLE DATA
`
`The section contains three sets of sample data showing the basic and adapted hopping
`schemes for different combinations of addresses and initial clock values.
`
`See also Bluetooth Specification Version 2.0 + EDR [vol 3] at 709; Bluetooth Specification
`Version 3.0 + HS [vol 2] at 850; Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 [vol