`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
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`Sony Corporation,
`Petitioner,
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`v.
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`One-E-Way, Inc.
`Patent Owner.
`
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`Patent No. 9,282,396
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`Issue Date: March 8, 2016
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`Title: Wireless Digital Audio System
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`EXHIBIT 1012
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`COMPARISON OF 2008 APPLICATION SPECIFICATION
`AND SPECIFICATION OF PATENT NO. 9,282,396
`AS ORIGINALLY FILED
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`No. IPR2016-01639
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`On the following pages, the as-filed specification of U.S. App. No. 12/144,729,
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`filed on July 12, 2008 (“the 2008 specification”) is compared to the as-filed
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`of U.S. App. No. 13/775,754, filed on February 25, 2013 and issued as the ’396 patent
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`(“the 2013 specification”). Blue underlined text appears in the 2013 specification but
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`not in the 2008 specification. Red text in strikeout appears in the 2008 specification
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`not in the 2013 specification.
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`SONY EXHIBIT 1012 – 0001
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`WIRELESS DIGITAL AUDIO MUSIC SYSTEM
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`This continuation application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application Serial No.
`13/356,949 filed January 24, 2012, which was a continuation application claiming the
`benefit of U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12/940,747 filed November 5, 2010, now
`U.S. Patent No. 8,131,391, which was a continuation application claiming the benefit of
`U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12/570,343 filed September 30, 2009, now U.S. Patent
`No. 7,865,258, which was a continuation claiming the benefit of U.S. Patent Application
`Serial No. 12/144,729 filed July 12, 2008, now U.S. Patent No. 7,684,885, which was a
`continuation claiming benefit of U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 10/648,012 filed
`August 26, 2003, which claimed benefit now U.S. Patent No. 7,412,294, which was a
`continuation-in-part claiming benefit from U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 10/027,391,
`filed December 21,
`2001, for "Wireless Digital Audio System," published under US 2003/0118196 AI on
`June 26, 2003, now abandoned, both the disclosures of which are incorporated herein in
`their entiretyies by reference.
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`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
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`[0001] This invention relates to audio player devices and more particularly to
`systems that include headphone listening devices. The new audio system uses an
`existing headphone jack (i.e., this is the standard analog headphone jack that connects to
`wired headphones) of a music audio player (i.e., portable CD player, portable cassette
`player, portable A.M./F.M. radio, laptop/desktop computer, portable MP3 player, and
`the like) to connect a battery powered transmitter for wireless transmission of a
`signal to a set of battery powered receiving headphones.
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`[0002] Use of audio headphones with audio player devices such as portable CD players,
`portable cassette players, portable A.M./F.M. radios, laptop/desktop computers, portable
`MP3 players and the like have been in use for many years. These systems incorporate an
`audio source having an analog headphone jack to which headphones may be connected
`by wire.
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`[0003] There are also known wireless headphones that may receive A.M. and F.M. radio
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`SONY EXHIBIT 1012 – 0002
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`transmissions. However, they do not allow use of a simple plug in (i.e., plug in to the
`existing analog audio headphone jack) battery powered transmitter for connection to any
`music audio player device jack, such as the above mentioned music audio player devices,
`for coded wireless transmission and reception by headphones of audio music for private
`listening without interference where multiple users occupying the same space are
`operating wireless transmission devices. Existing audio systems make use of electrical
`wire connections between the audio source and the headphones to accomplish
`private listening to multiple users.
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`[0004] There is a need for a battery powered simple connection system for existing music
`audio player devices (i.e., the previously mentioned music devices), to allow coded
`digital wireless transmission (using a battery powered transmitter) to a
`headphone receiver (using a battery powered receiver headphones) that
`accomplishes private listening to multiple users occupying the same space
`without the use of wires.
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`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
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`[0005] The present invention is generally directed to a wireless digital audio system for
`coded digital transmission of an audio signal from any audio player with an analog
`headphone jack to a receiver headphone located away from the audio player. Fuzzy logic
`technology may be utilized by the system to enhance bit detection. A battery-powered
`digital transmitter may include a headphone plug in communication with any suitable
`music audio source. For reception, a battery-powered headphone receiver may use
`embedded fuzzy logic to enhance user code bit detection. Fuzzy logic detection may be
`used to enhance user code bit detection during decoding of the transmitted audio signal.
`The wireless digital audio music system provides private listening without interference
`from other users or wireless devices and without the use of conventional cable
`connections.
`[0006] These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention
`will become better understood with reference to the following drawings,
`description and claims.
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`SONY EXHIBIT 1012 – 0003
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`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
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`[0007] Some aspects of the present invention are generally shown by way of reference to
`the accompanying drawings in which:
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`Figure 1 schematically illustrates a wireless digital audio system in
`accordance with the present invention;
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`Figure 2 is a block diagram of an audio transmitter portion of the wireless digital
`audio system of Fig. 1.;
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`Figure 3 is a block diagram of an audio receiver portion of the wireless
`digital audio system of Fig. 1; and
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`Figure 4 is an exemplary graph showing the utilization of an embedded
`fuzzy logic coding algorithm according to one embodiment of the present invention.
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`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
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`[0008] The following detailed description is the best currently contemplated modes for
`carrying out the invention. The description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, but is
`made merely for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention.
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`[0009] Referring to Figures 1 through 3, a wireless digital audio music system 10 may
`include a battery powered transmitter 20 connected to a portable music audio player or
`music audio source 80. The battery powered wireless digital audio music transmitter 20
`utilizes an analog to digital converter or ADC 32 and may be connected to the music
`audio source 80 analog headphone jack 82 using a headphone plug 22. The
`battery powered transmitter 20 may have a transmitting antenna 24 that may be omni-
`directional for transmitting a spread spectrum modulated signal to a receiving antenna 52
`of a battery powered headphone receiver 50. The battery powered receiver 50 may have
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`headphone speakers 75 in headphones 55
`for listening to the spread spectrum demodulated and decoded communication signal.
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`SONY EXHIBIT 1012 – 0004
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`the headphone receiver 50, fuzzy logic detection may be used to optimize reception of the
`received user code. The transmitter 20 may digitize the audio signal using ADC 32. The
`digitized signal may be processed downstream by an encoder 36. After digital conversion,
`digital signal may be processed by a digital low pass filter. To reduce the effects of
`noise, the battery powered transmitter 20 may use a channel encoder 38. A
`42 modulates the digital signal to be transmitted. For further noise immunity, a
`spectrum DPSK (differential phase shift key) transmitter or module 48, is utilized. The
`battery powered transmitter 20 may contain a code generator 44 that may be used to
`a unique user code. The unique user code generated is specifically associated with one
`wireless digital audio system user, and it is the only code recognized by the battery
`headphone receiver 50 operated by a particular user. The radio frequency (RF)
`utilized (as taken from the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band) may be
`approximately 2.4 GHz. The power radiated by the transmitter adheres to the ISM
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`[0010] Particularly, the received spread spectrum signal may be communicated to a 2.4
`GHz direct conversion receiver or module 56. Referring to Figures 1 through 4, the
`spread spectrum modulated signal from transmit antenna 24 may be received by receiving
`antenna 52 and then processed by spread spectrum direct conversion receiver or module
`56 with a receiver code generator 60 that contains the same transmitted unique code, in
`the battery powered receiver 50 headphones. The transmitted signal from antenna
`24 may be received by receiving antenna 52 and communicated to a wideband
`bandpass filter (BPF). The battery powered receiver 50 may utilize embedded fuzzy
`logic 61 (as graphically depicted in Figures 1, 4) to optimize the bit detection of the
`received user code. The down converted output signal of direct conversion receiver or
`module 56 may be summed by receiver summing element 58 with a receiver code
`generator 60 signal. The receiver code generator 60 may contain the same unique
`wireless transmission of a signal code word that was transmitted by audio transmitter
`20 specific to a particular user. Other code words from wireless digital audio systems
`10 may appear as noise to audio receiver 50. This may also be true for other device
`transmitted wireless signals operating in the wireless digital
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`audio spectrum of digital audio system 10. This code division multiple access (CDMA)
`may be used to provide each user independent audible enjoyment. The resulting summed
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`SONY EXHIBIT 1012 – 0005
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`digital signal from receiving summary element 58 and direct conversion receiver or
`56 may be processed by a 64-Ary demodulator 62 to demodulate the signal elements
`modulated in the audio transmitter 20. A block de- interleaver 64 may then decode
`bits of the digital signal encoded in the block interleaver 40. Following such, a
`decoder 66 may be used to decode the bits encoded by the channel encoder 38 in audio
`transmitter 20. A source decoder 68 may further decode the coding applied by encoder
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`[0011] Each receiver headphone 50 user may be able to listen (privately) to high fidelity
`audio music, using any of the audio devices listed previously, without the use of wires,
`and without interference from any other receiver headphone 50 user, even when operated
`within a shared space. The fuzzy logic detection technique 61 used in the receiver 50
`could provide greater user separation through optimizing code division in the headphone
`receiver.
`[0012] The battery powered transmitter 20 sends the audio music information to
`the battery powered receiver 50 in digital packet format. These packets may flow to
`create a digital bit stream rate less than or equal to 1.0 Mbps.
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`[0013] The user code bits in each packet may be received and detected by a fuzzy logic
`detection sub-system 61 (as an option) embedded in the headphone receiver 50 to
`optimize audio receiver performance. For each consecutive packet received, the fuzzy
`logic detection sub-system 61 may compute a conditional density with respect to the
`context and fuzziness of the user code vector, i.e., the received code bits in each packet.
`Fuzziness may describe the ambiguity of the high (I)/low (0 or -1) event in the received
`user code within the packet. The fuzzy logic detection sub-system 61 may measure the
`degree to which a high/low bit occurs in the user code vector, which produces a low
`probability of bit error in the presence of noise. The fuzzy logic detection sub-system 61
`may use a set of if-then rules to map the user code bit inputs to validation outputs. These
`rules may be developed as if-then statements.
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`[0014] Fuzzy logic detection sub-system 61 in battery-powered headphone receiver
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`50
`utilizes the if-then fuzzy set to map the received user code bits into two values: a low (0
`-1) and a high (1). Thus, as the user code bits are received, the "if' rules map the signal
`energy to the fuzzy set low value to some degree and to the fuzzy set high value to some
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`SONY EXHIBIT 1012 – 0006
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`degree. Figure 4 graphically shows that x-value -1 equals the maximum low bit energy
`representation and x-value 1 equals the maximum high bit energy representation. Due to
`additive noise, the user code bit energy may have some membership to a low and high as
`represented in Figure 4. The if-part fuzzy set may determine if each bit in the user
`for every received packet, has a greater membership to a high bit
`or a low bit representation. The more a user code bit energy fits into the high or low
`representation, the closer its subsethood, i.e., a measure of the membership degree to
`a set may be a subset of another set, may be to one.
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`[0015] The if-then rule parts that make up the fuzzy logic detection sub-system 61 must
`be followed by a defuzzifying operation. This operation reduces the aforementioned
`fuzzy set to a bit energy representation (i.e., -1 or 1) that is received by the transmitted
`packet. Fuzzy logic detection sub-system 61 may be used in battery-powered headphone
`receiver 50 to enhance overall system performance.
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`[0016] The next step may process the digital signal to return the signal to analog or base
`band format for use in powering speaker(s) 75. A digital-to-analog converter 70 (DAC)
`may be used to transform the digital signal to an analog audio signal. An analog low pass
`filter 72 may be used to filter the analog audio music signal to pass a signal in the
`approximate 20 Hz to 20 kHz frequency range and filter other frequencies. The analog
`audio music signal may then be processed by a power amplifier 74 that may be optimized
`for powering headphone speakers 75 to provide a high quality, low distortion audio music
`for audible enjoyment by a user wearing headphones 55. A person skilled in the art
`would appreciate that some of the embodiments described hereinabove are merely
`illustrative of the general principles of the present invention. Other modifications or
`variations may be employed that are within the scope of the invention. Thus, by way of
`example, but not of limitation, alternative configurations may be utilized in accordance
`with the teachings herein. Accordingly, the drawings and description are illustrative and
`not meant to be a limitation thereof.
`[0017] Moreover, all terms should be interpreted in the broadest possible manner
`consistent with the context. In particular, the terms "comprises" and "comprising" should
`interpreted as referring to elements, components, or steps in a non-exclusive manner,
`indicating that the referenced elements, components, or steps may be present, or utilized,
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`SONY EXHIBIT 1012 – 0007
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`combined with other elements, components, or steps that are not expressly referenced.
`it is intended that the invention cover all embodiments and variations thereof as long as
`embodiments and variations come within the scope of the appended claims and their
`equivalents.
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`SONY EXHIBIT 1012 – 0008
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`ABSTRACT
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`[0018] A wireless digital audio system includes a portable audio source with
`a digital audio transmitter operatively coupled thereto and an audio receiver
`operatively coupled to a headphone set. The audio receiver is configured for digital
`wireless communication with the audio transmitter. The digital audio receiver
`utilizes fuzzy logic to optimize digital signal processing. Each of the digital audio
`transmitter and receiver is configured for code division multiple access (CDMA)
`communication. The wireless digital audio system allows private audio
`enjoyment without interference from other users of independent wireless digital
`transmitters and receivers sharing the same space.
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`SONY EXHIBIT 1012 – 0009