`
`Megan Lyman (Reg. No. 57,054)
`Lyman Patent Services
`1816 Silver Mist Ct.
`Raleigh, NC 27613
`Tel: (919) 341-4023
`Fax: (919) 341-0271
`melyman@lymanpatents.com
`
`
`
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`
`
`
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`
`
`
`
`SONY CORPORATION,
`Petitioner,
`
`v.
`
`ONE-E-WAY, INC.
`Patent Owner.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Case IPR2016-01638
`Patent 9,282,396
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`PATENT OWNER ONE-E-WAY’S PRELIMINARY RESPONSE TO
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`Case IPR2016-01638
`Patent 9,282,396
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`
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1
`
`II. PETITIONER’S FACTUAL BACKGROUND ................................................... 2
`
`III. PETITIONER’S DISCUSSION OF THE CHALLENGED
`’396 PATENT .................................................................................................. 3
`
`IV. THE PETITION IS FUTILE BECAUSE THE ’396 PATENT
`CLAIMS HAVE A 2001 PRIORITY DATE .................................................. 4
`
`A. A Patent Owner May Properly Incorporate an Earlier
`Application Prior to Abandonment or Issuance of a
`CIP Application ..................................................................................... 4
`
`1.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`In re Reiffin ................................................................................. 6
`
`Litton v. Whirlpool ...................................................................... 8
`
`Harari v. Hollmer ..................................................................... 10
`
`B.
`
`Patent Owner’s Incorporation of its Earlier
`Application Maintained Continuity of Disclosure
`Back to the 2001 Application .............................................................. 11
`
`C.
`
`The Petition Fails ................................................................................. 14
`
`V. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................... 15
`
`
`
`i
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`TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
`
`
`Cases
`Dart Indus., Inc. v. Banner,
`636 F2d 684 (D.C. Cir. 1980) ........................................................................ 14
`
`Harari v. Hollmer,
`602 F.3d 1348 (Fed. Cir. 2010) ......................................................... 10, 11, 13
`
`Litton v. Whirlpool,
`728 F.2d 1423 (Fed. Cir. 1984) ....................................................... 8, 9, 11, 13
`
`Ex parte Reiffin,
`App. No. 2007-2127, 2007 WL 2814119
`(BPAI Sept. 25, 2007) ........................................................................... 6, 7, 14
`
`In re Reiffin,
`340 Fed. Appx. 651, 2009 WL 2222341
`(Fed. Cir. July 27, 2009) .............................................................. 6, 7, 8, 13, 14
`
`Other Authorities
`
`35 U.S.C. § 103 ...................................................................................................... 1, 2
`
`35 U.S.C. § 120 .................................................................................................... 4, 14
`
`35 U.S.C. § 132 .................................................................................................... 7, 12
`
`37 C.F.R. §108(c) ....................................................................................................... 1
`
`37 C.F.R. § 1.53(b) .................................................................................................. 11
`
`MPEP § 201.02 ........................................................................................................ 12
`
`MPEP § 201.06 ........................................................................................................ 12
`
`MPEP § 201.06(c)(IV) ....................................................................................... 12, 14
`
`MPEP § 201.07 ........................................................................................................ 11
`
`MPEP § 201.08 ........................................................................................................ 12
`
`ii
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`Case IPR2016-01638
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`I. INTRODUCTION
`Petitioner fails to present any reasonable likelihood that at least one of the
`
`claims challenged in the petition is unpatentable, thus, the petition should be
`
`denied. 37 C.F.R. §108(c).
`
`Petitioner presents a single ground for invalidity of U.S. Patent No.
`
`9,282,396 (the ’396 patent). Pet. 2. That sole ground is that the ’396 patent is
`
`obvious under 35 U.S.C. § 103 in view of Patent Owner One-E-Way, Inc.’s own
`
`earlier publication (the ’196 publication) of its 2001 application. Id. Petitioner
`
`argues that a break in the continuity of Patent Owner’s chain of co-pending
`
`applications precludes the ’396 patent from claiming priority to the 2001
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`application and thus avoiding the ‘196 publication as prior art. Pet. 9, 13-19.
`
`Petitioner argues that the alleged break in continuity occurred in Patent
`
`Owner’s 2003 continuation-in-part (CIP) application (the ’012 application). Id.
`
`Petitioner alleges that continuity of disclosure was broken because Patent Owner
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`did not incorporate by reference the disclosure of the 2001 parent application when
`
`the 2003 CIP application was initially filed. Id.
`
`As explained below, well-settled Board and Federal Circuit decisions make
`
`clear that a CIP application may be amended prior to abandonment or issuance to
`
`incorporate by reference material from a parent application. Such an amendment is
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`entirely proper because subject matter is not “new matter” in a CIP if it derives
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`1
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`from a parent application. Thus, because Patent Owner properly incorporated its
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`2001 application before the 2003 application issued, there was never any break in
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`continuity of disclosure as alleged by Petitioner.
`
`When the Board reviews the petition and this preliminary response, the only
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`conclusion to be made is that the ’396 Patent has priority dating back to the 2001
`
`application, and thus the ’196 publication, which published from the 2001
`
`application, is not prior art under 35 U.S.C. § 103. As such, Petitioner’s sole
`
`ground for invalidity must be rejected, and the Board should deny the Petition.
`
`II. PETITIONER’S FACTUAL BACKGROUND
`For purposes of this Response, Patent Owner does not dispute the
`
`description regarding the ’396 Patent, or the facts regarding the prosecution history
`
`of the ’396 Patent, as set forth in the “Factual Background” section of the Petition.
`
`Pet. 2-7. Also, Patent Owner does not dispute Petitioner’s figure showing the ‘396
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`patent’s chain of priority back to the original 2001 application, which is set forth
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`below:
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`
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`2
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`
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`With regard to footnote 2 on page 7 of the Petition, Patent Owner notes that
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`the Petition for Unintentional Delayed Claim of Priority was granted on August 24,
`
`2016, with a Certificate of Correction issuing on October 8, 2016.
`
`III. PETITIONER’S DISCUSSION OF THE CHALLENGED ’396
`PATENT
`
`For purposes of this Petition, Patent Owner does not contest the four
`
`proposed claim constructions, or the level of skill in the art, proposed by Petitioner
`
`in the section titled “The Challenged ’396 Patent.” Pet. 7-8.
`
`
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`3
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`IV. THE PETITION IS FUTILE BECAUSE THE ’396 PATENT
`CLAIMS HAVE A 2001 PRIORITY DATE
`
`The Petition suffers a fundamental flaw that renders it futile. Petitioner
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`incorrectly argues that Patent Owner’s amendment to incorporate by reference
`
`Patent Owner’s original 2001 application in its 2003 CIP application was improper
`
`and cannot support a claim of priority back to 2001. Pet. 9-10. On the contrary,
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`decisions from the Board and Federal Circuit directly addressing the issue—which
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`Petitioner ignores—establish that subject matter from a parent application may be
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`incorporated into a CIP application by amendment prior to issuance or
`
`abandonment of the CIP application. The Federal Circuit has made clear that such
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`an amendment is proper because the incorporated subject matter does not
`
`constitute new matter, and the continuity of disclosure is maintained.
`
`Thus, the Petition is based entirely upon the false premise that Patent
`
`Owner’s incorporation by reference is invalid. Consequently, Petitioner’s
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`obviousness argument necessarily fails because the ’196 publication is not prior art
`
`to the ’396 patent, rendering the Petition futile.
`
`A. A Patent Owner May Properly Incorporate an Earlier Application
`Prior to Abandonment or Issuance of a CIP Application
`
`Petitioner does not dispute that Patent Owner made proper priority claims
`
`under 35 U.S.C. § 120 for every application in the chain from the ’396 patent to
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`Patent Owner’s original 2001 application. Pet. 9 (“Each application in the ’396
`
`
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`4
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`patent family claims priority to the prior applications in the chain.”). Instead,
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`Petitioner alleges that Patent Owner broke the “chain of disclosure” needed to
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`support the ’396 patent claims. Id. Specifically, Petitioner argues that Patent
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`Owner broke the chain of disclosure when it filed a CIP application in 2003
`
`because that application “did not include or incorporate by reference the disclosure
`
`of the earlier 2001 application . . ..” Id.
`
`However, Petitioner acknowledges that, while the 2003 application was still
`
`pending, Patent Owner amended the specification to incorporate by reference the
`
`entirety of the parent 2001 application. Pet. 16-17 (citing Ex. 1005 – 0375). That
`
`amendment appears as follows:
`
`Ex. 1005 – 0375. While the examiner made other new matter rejections in
`
`connection with other amendments submitted by Patent Owner at the same time,
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`the examiner did not issue a new matter rejection for this incorporation by
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`
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`reference statement. Id. at 0477.
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`5
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`Importantly, decisions from the Board and Federal Circuit outlined in the
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`following sections demonstrate that this amendment was proper and effective to
`
`maintain continuity of disclosure to support the ‘396 patent claims back to the
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`filing date of the original 2001 application.
`
`1.
`In re Reiffin
`In In re Reiffin, 340 Fed. Appx. 651, 658, 2009 WL 2222341 (Fed. Cir. July
`
`27, 2009), the Federal Circuit considered a patent owner’s appeal from the Board
`
`rejecting claims under reexamination. Reiffin, 340 Fed. Appx. at *652. In the
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`Board’s decision below, it had rejected a group of claims directed to spell-checking
`
`and grammar-checking functions in computer software programs as lacking written
`
`description support. Id. at 658. The patentee had arguably included written
`
`description support for this claimed subject matter in a parent application, but had
`
`omitted it from the application that led to the patent under subsequent
`
`reexamination. Id. The Board rejected the argument that the patentee should have
`
`been permitted to amend the patent during reexamination to add the omitted
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`material from the parent application. Id. However, in reaching this conclusion in
`
`the decision below, the Board stated:
`
`Patent Owner could have amended the 1994 application while
`it was pending to incorporate subject matter from the 1990
`application. However, by allowing the 1994 application to issue . . .
`without the [supporting] subject matter, Patent Owner created a break
`in the chain of disclosures, which cannot be cured by amendment.
`
`
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`Ex parte Reiffin, App. No. 2007-2127, 2007 WL 2814119, at *65 (BPAI Sept. 25,
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`2007) (emphasis added). Thus, while the Board rejected the patentee’s attempt
`
`during reexamination to incorporate subject matter from a parent application, i.e.,
`
`after the application had issued, the Board made clear that such an incorporation by
`
`reference of subject matter from a parent application would have been proper if
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`done while the application was still pending. Reiffin, 340 Fed. Appx. at *658.
`
`The Federal Circuit found the Board’s reasoning to be “sound.” Id. at
`
`*659. Indeed, the Federal Circuit confirmed the propriety of amending a pending
`
`CIP application to incorporate subject matter from a parent application:
`
`In a continuation-in-part application, an applicant is free to add matter
`from earlier related applications in a chain of co-pending applications
`in order to reap the benefit of the full scope of the inventions
`disclosed in the applicant’s earlier disclosure.
`
`Id. The Federal Circuit also made clear that the new matter prohibition under 35
`
`U.S.C. § 132 does not apply to this circumstance:
`
`It is true that the statutory prohibition against introducing “new
`matter” [under Section 132] does not apply
`in
`the
`limited
`circumstance in which the application incorporates material from an
`earlier application in a chain of co-pending applications.
`
`
`Id.
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`The Federal Circuit agreed with the Board that this circumstance did not
`
`apply in Reiffin because the chain of co-pending applications had been broken by
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`7
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`the issuance of the patent under reexamination. Id. Thus, the Federal Circuit
`
`affirmed the Board’s rejection of the claims. Id. at 660.
`
`2.
`Litton v. Whirlpool
`In Litton v. Whirlpool, 728 F.2d 1423 (Fed. Cir. 1984), the Federal Circuit
`
`addressed the priority date of Litton’s patent, which issued from a CIP application.
`
`Litton filed an original patent application and, after two office actions and a final
`
`rejection, Litton decided to file a continuation application. Id. at 1435. Along with
`
`the continuation application, Litton filed a preliminary amendment with claims
`
`reciting a microwave door having a thin sheet of metal that was “self-supporting”
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`and “shatterproof.” Id. The original parent application did not expressly limit the
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`metal sheet as being “self-supporting” or “shatterproof.” Id. The PTO rejected the
`
`claims on the basis that the terms “self-supporting” and “shatterproof” constituted
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`new matter. Id.
`
`Litton then filed a proposed amendment to the specification to indicate that
`
`the metal sheet is “self-supporting” and “shatterproof.” Id. Litton argued in
`
`accompanying remarks that the terms “self-supporting” and “shatterproof” were
`
`not new matter because they were inherent qualities of the metal sheet as disclosed
`
`in the original patent application. Id. However, the PTO again rejected the claims
`
`as being drawn to new matter.
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`After an oral interview with the PTO, Litton filed another amendment
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`leaving the words “self-supporting” and “shatterproof” in both the specification
`
`and the claims. Id. at 1436. Also in that amendment, Litton requested that the
`
`PTO re-characterize the continuation application as a CIP application. Id. The
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`PTO then allowed the patent.
`
`The district court agreed with Litton that the PTO had abandoned its position
`
`that the terms “self-supporting” and “shatterproof” were new matter. On appeal,
`
`Litton again argued that “self-supporting” and “shatterproof” were inherent to the
`
`parent application and thus could not be new matter. The Federal Circuit rejected
`
`Litton’s inherency argument because file history evidence showed that Litton knew
`
`it was including new matter when it responded to a new matter rejection by
`
`converting its continuation application to a CIP application. Id. at 1439.
`
`In assessing Litton’s arguments, the Federal Circuit explained that CIP
`
`applications often generate two effective filing dates, where new matter in a CIP
`
`application has the filing date of the CIP application, and matter shared with a
`
`parent application has the earlier filing date of the parent application. Id. at 1438.
`
`The Federal Circuit stated that “[i]f matter added through amendment to a C-I-P
`
`application is deemed inherent in whatever the original parent application
`
`discloses, however, that matter also is entitled to the filing date of the original,
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`parent application.” Id.
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`Accordingly, the Federal Circuit confirmed that matter from a parent
`
`application – even if only inherent in the parent application – may be added to a
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`CIP application by amendment and will have the filing date of the parent
`
`application. This principle applies with even more force to the present situation,
`
`because Patent Owner incorporated the subject matter by reference, and thus the
`
`added matter was directly disclosed, and not merely inherent, in the parent
`
`application.
`
`3. Harari v. Hollmer
`Harari v. Hollmer, 602 F.3d 1348 (Fed. Cir. 2010), addressed the new
`
`matter analysis in the context of a continuation application. In Harari, the parties
`
`disputed whether a statement incorporating subject matter into a continuation
`
`application was sufficiently definite to identify a particular parent application. Id.
`
`at 1350. The Board below agreed with the examiner that the incorporating
`
`language was unclear about which parent application was identified and affirmed
`
`the examiner’s rejection of the incorporation as new matter. Id.
`
`On appeal, the Federal Circuit disagreed and found the incorporation
`
`language sufficiently definite. Id. at 1354. As part of its analysis, the Federal
`
`Circuit looked to the MPEP and explained what is the proper inquiry to determine
`
`whether matter added by amendment to a continuation application is new matter:
`
`If an amendment was not part of the original disclosure, the examiner
`then determined whether that amendment included new matter. [] In
`
`
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`10
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`the context of a continuation application, the examiner’s inquiry was
`whether the amendment added to the continuation application
`“anything which would constitute new matter if inserted in the
`original application.”
`
`Id. at 1351 (citing MPEP § 201.07 (7th ed.); 37 C.F.R. § 1.53(b)) (internal citations
`
`omitted). The Federal Circuit agreed with Harari that its incorporation by
`
`reference was sufficiently definite in referring to a specific parent application and
`
`thus did not constitute new matter. Harari, 602 F.3d at 1352.
`
`The analysis in Harari is consistent with Litton’s approach of assessing new
`
`matter in CIP applications by comparing the matter added to the disclosure of the
`
`parent application. Applying this reasoning to the CIP application at issue in the
`
`present Petition, there can be no question that the incorporating language clearly
`
`references the disclosure of Patent Owner’s 2001 parent application. Since the
`
`subject matter Patent Owner incorporated is precisely the subject matter of the
`
`parent application, it is not new matter.
`
`B.
`
`Patent Owner’s Incorporation of its Earlier Application Maintained
`Continuity of Disclosure Back to the 2001 Application
`
`The crux of the Petition is Petitioner’s argument that “December 21, 2001
`
`cannot be the priority date of the ‘396 patent.” Pet. 17. However, as the Board and
`
`Federal Circuit decisions above demonstrate, an applicant can amend a CIP
`
`application during prosecution to add subject matter from a parent application –
`
`just as Patent Owner did here – and such subject matter is not new matter. By
`
`
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`11
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`amending the 2003 application before issuance to incorporate the 2001 application
`
`in its entirety (Ex. 1005 – 0375), Patent Owner properly kept the chain of
`
`supporting disclosure back to the filing date of Patent Owner’s original 2001
`
`application.
`
`Petitioner’s cited authority does not alter this straightforward conclusion.
`
`Petitioner relies on MPEP § 201.06(c)(IV)1 to argue that Patent Owner’s
`
`incorporation by reference constituted “improper new matter” and was thus
`
`“ineffective in establishing continuity of disclosure back to the 2001 application.”
`
`Pet. 11, 17. However, the sentence in Section 201.06(c)(IV) relied upon by
`
`Petitioner does not support Petitioner’s argument here. That sentence in its entirety
`
`reads as follows:
`
`An incorporation by reference statement added after an
`application’s filing date is not effective because no new matter can be
`added to an application after its filing date (see 35 U.S.C. 132(a)).
`
`(MPEP § 201.06(c)(IV) (emphasis added).
`
`Although Petitioner cropped out the bolded citation to 35 U.S.C. § 132,
`
`(Pet. 17), that citation makes clear that this sentence merely reflects the general
`
`prohibition against new matter as set forth in Section 132(a). But as the Federal
`
`Circuit has made clear, the new matter prohibition of Section 132 does not apply in
`
`1 MPEP § 201.06 governs divisional applications. Although a divisional
`application is a “continuing” application like a CIP, the MPEP treats divisional
`applications separately from CIP applications. See MPEP §§ 201.02, 201.08.
`
`
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`12
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`the circumstance that exists here – namely, where Patent Owner incorporates
`
`material from an earlier application in a chain of co-pending applications. See
`
`Reiffin, 340 Fed. Appx. at *659.
`
`Moreover, the Federal Circuit has confirmed that, in a CIP application, “an
`
`applicant is free to add matter from earlier related applications in a chain of co-
`
`pending applications in order to reap the benefit of the full scope of the inventions
`
`disclosed in the applicant’s earlier disclosure.” See id. Indeed, this conclusion
`
`necessarily follows because subject matter is not treated as new matter in a CIP if it
`
`would not be considered new matter to the parent application. See Litton, 728 F.2d
`
`at 1438; see also Harari, 602 F.3d at 1351-52 (addressing continuation
`
`applications).
`
`For this reason, Petitioner is incorrect that written description support for the
`
`claims of the ‘396 patent must exist in the disclosure of the 2003 application “as
`
`originally filed,” and the references Petitioner cites in support of this argument are
`
`inapposite. See Pet. 9-11, 15-17 (citing references). None of Petitioner’s
`
`references purport to address the particular circumstance here concerning the
`
`propriety of amending a CIP application prior to issuance to expressly incorporate
`
`by reference the entire disclosure of a parent application. See Reiffin, 340 Fed.
`
`Appx. at *659. Moreover, Petitioner’s cited references essentially reflect the
`
`general prohibition against adding new matter after an application is filed.
`
`
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`13
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`However, Patent Owner’s timely amendment to incorporate the 2001 parent
`
`application into the 2003 CIP application violated no new matter restriction as the
`
`above Board and Federal Circuit decisions establish.
`
`Finally, this is not a situation like that in Dart Indus., Inc. v. Banner, 636
`
`F2d 684, 688 (D.C. Cir. 1980), where the chain of continuity was broken because
`
`the CIP was allowed to issue before the patentee attempted to incorporate subject
`
`matter from a parent application. See Reiffin, 340 Fed. Appx. at *660 (discussing
`
`Dart); see also Ex parte Reiffin, 2007 WL 2814119, at *66 (“Once the patent
`
`issues, the record is fixed and new matter may not be added.”). Nor is this a
`
`situation where Patent Owner sought to incorporate subject matter while also
`
`seeking to add a priority benefit claim under 35 U.S.C. § 120 after the CIP
`
`application was filed. See MPEP § 201.06(c)(IV). There is no dispute that Patent
`
`Owner claimed the priority benefit of 35 U.S.C. § 120 when the 2003 application
`
`was filed. Ex. 1005 – 0003, 0025; Pet. 14 n.4. Because Patent Owner incorporated
`
`by reference the entirety of the 2001 application prior to the issuance of the 2003
`
`application, Patent Owner’s incorporation by reference was proper and effective to
`
`maintain continuity of disclosure.
`
`C. The Petition Fails
`Petitioner never argues that the 2001 application does not support the ’396
`
`patent claims. Moreover, because continuity of disclosure was never broken as
`
`
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`14
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`Petitioner argues, the claims of the ’396 patent are entitled to priority back to the
`
`2001 application. Therefore, the ’196 publication (published in 2003) cannot be
`
`prior art to the ’396 patent claims,2 and thus Petitioner’s sole ground of
`
`unpatentability fails.
`
`V. CONCLUSION
`Petitioner has failed to demonstrate a reasonable likelihood of proving any
`
`claim unpatentable. The Board should therefore deny the Petition.
`
`
`
`Dated: November 25, 2016
`
`Respectfully submitted,
`
`LYMAN PATENT SERVICES
`
`/ Megan Lyman /
`Megan Lyman (Reg. No. 57,054)
`Attorney for Patent Owner
`ONE-E-WAY, INC.
`Customer No. 68533
`(919) 341-4023
`
`
`
`
`2 Because the ’196 publication cannot be prior art, Patent Owner does not
`address Petitioner’s claim charts or arguments comparing that publication to the
`’396 patent claims.
`
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`CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE
`
`This document complies with the type-volume limitation of 37 C.F.R.
`
`§ 42.24(a)(1)(i) and § 42.24(b)(1). This Preliminary Response contains 3,010
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`words, excluding the parts of the document exempted by 37 C.F.R. § 42.24(a)(1).
`
`
`
`Dated: November 25, 2016
`
`
`
`
`
`/ Megan Lyman /
`Megan Lyman (Reg. No. 57,054)
`
`Attorney for Patent Owner
`ONE-E-WAY, INC.
`
`
`
`
`
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`1
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`CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
`
`
`
`I hereby certify that, pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 42.6(e), a true and correct copy
`
`of Patent Owner One-E-Way, Inc.’s Preliminary Response To Petition For Inter
`
`Partes Review is being served on November 25, 2016 via FedEx Priority Overnight
`
`on counsel for Petitioner Sony Corporation at the addresses below:
`
`John Flock
`Kenyon & Kenyon LLP
`One Broadway,
`New York, NY 10004
`Telephone: (212) 425-7200
`
`Paul T. Qualey
`Kenyon & Kenyon LLP
`1500 K Street N.W. Ste. 700
`Washington, DC 20005
`Telephone: (202) 220-4200
`
`/ Megan Lyman /
`Megan Lyman (Reg. No. 57,054)
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`Attorney for Patent Owner
`ONE-E-WAY, INC.
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`2
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`Dated: November 25, 2016