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`ANSI Z535.2-2007
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`American National Standard
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`for Environmental and
`Facility Safety Signs
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`U.S. Patent No. 7,943,851
`
`

`
`Copyrighted material licensed to Vladimir Lozan on 2016-04-17 for licensee's use only. No further reproduction or networking is permitted. Distributed by Thomson Reuters (Scientific) LLC, www.tec
`
`

`
`ANSI Z535.2-2007
`
`American National Standard
`AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND FACILITY
`SAFETY SIGNS
`
`Secretariat:
`
`National Electrical Manufacturers Association
`
`Approved September 12, 2007
`Published November 15, 2007
`
`American National Standards Institute, Inc.
`
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`
`ANSI Z535.2-2007
`
`NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER
`
`The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the
`consensus of persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at
`the time it was developed. Consensus does not necessarily mean that there is
`unanimous agreement among every person participating in the development of this
`document.
`
`NEMA standards and guideline publications, of which the document contained herein
`is one, are developed through a voluntary consensus standards development
`process. This process brings together volunteers and/or seeks out the views of
`persons who have an interest in the topic covered by this publication. While NEMA
`administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development
`of consensus, it does not write the document and it does not independently test,
`evaluate, or verify the accuracy or completeness of any information or the soundness
`of any judgments contained in its standards and guideline publications.
`
`NEMA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any
`nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory,
`directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, application, or reliance on
`this document. NEMA disclaims and makes no guaranty or warranty, express or
`implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and
`disclaims and makes no warranty that the information in this document will fulfill any
`of your particular purposes or needs. NEMA does not undertake to guarantee the
`performance of any individual manufacturer or seller's products or services by virtue
`of this standard or guide.
`
`In publishing and making this document available, NEMA is not undertaking to render
`professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is NEMA
`undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else.
`Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or,
`as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the
`exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. Information and other
`standards on the topic covered by this publication may be available from other
`sources, which the user may wish to consult for additional views or information not
`covered by this publication.
`
`NEMA has no power, nor does it undertake to police or enforce compliance with the
`contents of this document. NEMA does not certify, test, or inspect products, designs,
`or installations for safety or health purposes. Any certification or other statement of
`compliance with any health or safety-related information in this document shall not be
`attributable to NEMA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the
`statement.
`
`......
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`
`AMERICAN
`NATIONAL
`STANDARD
`
`Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of
`Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly
`and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much
`more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus
`requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a
`concerted effort be made toward their resolution.
`
`The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their
`existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has
`approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing,
`purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming
`to the standards.
`
`The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards
`and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American
`National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or
`authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in
`the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for
`interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose
`name appears on the title page of this standard.
`
`This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any
`time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute
`require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw
`this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive
`current information on all standards by calling or writing the American
`National Standards Institute.
`
`Published by
`
`National Electrical Manufacturers Association
`1300 North 17th Street, Rosslyn, VA 22209
`
`© Copyright 2007 by National Electrical Manufacturers Association
`All rights reserved including translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal
`Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works,
`and the International and Pan American Copyright Conventions.
`
`No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the
`prior written permission of the publisher.
`
`Printed in the United States of America
`
`ANSI Z535.2-2007
`
`Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by
`ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other
`criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer.
`
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`
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`
`Contents
`
`ANSI Z535.2-2007
`
`Page
`
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`Foreword
`
`............................................................................................................................ i
`
`Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1
`
`2 Scope and Purpose ....................................................................................................... 2
`
`2.1
`
`Scope ................................................................................................................ 2
`
`2.2
`
`Purpose ............................................................................................................ 2
`
`3 Application and Exceptions ........................................................................................... 2
`
`3.1
`
`3.2
`
`Application ........................................................................................................ 2
`
`Exceptions ........................................................................................................ 2
`
`4 Definitions
`
`............................................................................................................. 3
`
`5 Safety sign colors and formats ...................................................................................... 5
`
`5.1.
`
`DANGER signs ................................................................................................. 5
`
`5.2. WARNING signs ............................................................................................... 6
`
`5.3.
`
`CAUTION signs ................................................................................................ 6
`
`5.4.
`
`NOTICE signs ................................................................................................... 7
`
`5.5.
`
`Signs for safety instruction or safety equipment location ................................. 7
`
`5.6.
`
`Fire safety signs ............................................................................................... 8
`
`5.7.
`
`Directional arrow signs ..................................................................................... 9
`
`5.8.
`
`Special signs .................................................................................................... 9
`
`5.9.
`
`Sign classification selection .............................................................................. 9
`
`6 Sign design/layout ....................................................................................................... 10
`
`6.1
`
`6.2
`
`6.3
`
`Three panel signs ........................................................................................... 1 O
`
`Two panel signs .............................................................................................. 10
`
`Application of sign formats by hazard classification ....................................... 10
`
`7 Sign color specifications .............................................................................................. 1 O
`
`8 Safety Symbols ........................................................................................................... 1 O
`
`8.1
`
`General ........................................................................................................... 10
`
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`
`ANSI Z535.2-2007
`
`8.2
`
`Safety symbol use .......................................................................................... 11
`
`9
`
`Letter style and size ..................................................................................................... 11
`
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`9.1
`
`Letter style ...................................................................................................... 11
`
`9.2
`
`Letter size ....................................................................................................... 11
`
`1 O Sign finish
`
`........................................................................................................... 11
`
`11 Sign Placement ........................................................................................................... 11
`
`12 Illumination
`
`........................................................................................................... 12
`
`13 Normative References ................................................................................................. 12
`
`Figures
`
`The safety alert symbol ................................................................................................. 4
`
`2 Format for the DANGER signal word panel .................................................................. 5
`
`3 Format for the WARNING signal word panel ................................................................ 6
`
`4 Format for the personal injury CAUTION signal word panel ......................................... 6
`
`5 Format for the CAUTION signal word panel not related to personal injury when used as
`an alternate to NOTICE .......................................................................................................... 7
`
`6 Format for the NOTICE signal word panel .................................................................... 7
`
`7 Formats of signal word panels used for safety instruction and safety equipment location
`.......................................................................................................................... 8
`signs
`
`8 Example of fire extinguisher location sign ..................................................................... 9
`
`9 Directional arrow (indicating movement to the right) ..................................................... 9
`
`10 Examples of signal word panels with various safety alert symbols-three-panel sign
`horizontal format .......................................................................................................... 13
`
`11 Three-Panel Sign-vertical format ............................................................................. 14
`
`12 Two-Panel Sign-vertical format ................................................................................ 14
`
`13 Three-Panel Sign-horizontal format ......................................................................... 15
`
`14 Two-Panel Sign-horizontal format ............................................................................ 15
`
`15 Two-Panel Sign-shortened signal word panel format .............................................. 15
`
`16 Two-Panel Sign-side-by-side format ........................................................................ 15
`
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`
`ANSI Z535.2-2007
`
`17 Three-Panel Sign-horizontal format with symbol panel on right ............................... 16
`
`18 Three-Panel Sign-horizontal format with message panel and symbol panel separated by
`line
`........................................................................................................... 16
`
`19 Three-Panel Sign-horizontal format with message panel and symbol panel separated by
`white space
`........................................................................................................... 16
`
`20 Figure 20 - Two-Panel Sign-signal word panel and symbol pane ............................ 16
`
`21 Two-Panel Sign-vertical format with message above symbol panel. ........................ 17
`
`22 Two-Panel Sign-vertical format with message below symbol panel ......................... 17
`
`Tables
`
`Application of sign panel formats ................................................................................ 1 O
`
`Informative Annexes
`
`A Guidelines for increasing recognition of safety sign components ............................... 18
`
`B Principles and guidelines for the design of environmental and facility safety signs .... 20
`
`C Previous formats for signal word panels ..................................................................... 30
`
`D Risk estimation and signal word selection ................................................................... 31
`
`E
`
`Informative references ................................................................................................. 38
`
`v
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`

`
`ANSI Z535.2-2007
`
`Foreword (Neither this foreword nor any of the informative Annexes is a part of American
`National Standard Z535.2-2007 .)
`
`This standard is one of six standards maintained and revised by the ANSI Z535 Committee. The
`six standards are:
`Z535.1 - Safety Color Code
`Z535.2 - Environmental and Facility Safety Signs
`Z535.3 - Criteria for Safety Symbols
`Z535.4 - Product Safety Signs and Labels
`Z535.5 - Safety Tags and Barricade Tapes (for Temporary Hazards)
`Z535.6 - Product Safety Information in Product Manuals, Instructions, and Other
`Collateral Materials
`
`This standard was formulated to provide a visual alerting system to aid in identifying potential
`hazards known to exist in the environment. Together, ANSI Z535.1, Z535.2 and Z535.3 contain
`information needed to specify formats, colors, and symbols for safety signs used in environmental
`and facility applications. The ANSI Z535.4 and Z535.5 standards are harmonized with this
`standard to provide appropriate hazard avoidance information for products that might be
`encountered in the environment (ANSI Z535.4) or temporary changes to the environment (ANSI
`Z535.5). It is desirable that new signs, symbols and colors for environmental and facility safety
`signs specified after the approval of this standard comply with the standard.
`
`The ANSI Z35 Committee on Safety Signs and ANSI Z53 Committee on Safety Colors were
`combined in 1979 to form the ANSI Z535 Committee on Safety Signs and Colors. The ANSI
`Z535.4 Standard addresses the design of safety signs and labels for application to products, and
`was first published in 1991. In that Standard, the format specified for the signal word panel was a
`simple rectangle. The rectangle contained the Safety alert symbol, a signal word (DANGER,
`CAUTION or WARNING), and specific safety colors were designated to be used with those signal
`words (DANGER/ Safety Red; WARNING/ Safety Orange; CAUTION/ Safety Yellow.) This
`contrasted with the longstanding format of the black rectangle with red oval and white letters used
`for danger signs. The initial impetus for the new ANSI Z535.4-1991 header format was that
`products often had limited space for a sign or label and omitting the older format allowed bigger
`letters for the signal word. The ANSI Z535.2-1991 standard retained the longstanding danger
`heading format and created a similar format (using a truncated diamond) for the new warning sign
`head. Each 1991 standard allowed the user to use the format of the other standard if desired.
`
`The ANSI Z535.2-1998 standard showed the preferred format for environmental and safety signs
`to be the simple header style of the ANSI Z535.4 standard for product safety signs and labels;
`both standards included the older system. The ANSI Z535.2-1998 standard also stated a
`preference to use a white background for the message panel, in order to increase contrast and
`viewing distance. Like the ANSI Z535.4 standard, the Z535.2-1998 standard also required the
`sign to give information of the consequences of not avoiding the hazard, if the consequence is not
`obvious.
`
`The ANSI Z535.2-1998 standard was carefully crafted so that the new requirements scheduled to
`become mandatory in the 2002 Edition were stated as preferred in the 1998 Edition. As of the
`2002 standard, the older format is no longer included; the simple header with larger letters and
`more referential color is set forth.
`
`The ANSI Z535.2-2007 includes definitional changes and safety alert symbol formats intended to
`clarify the distinction between signal words and greater harmonization with
`international
`standards. The 2007 edition started the process of eliminating the use of the CAUTION signal
`word panel without the safety alert symbol for procedures not related to personal safety, such as
`property damage. The preferred signal word is NOTICE. The use of CAUTION for that purpose
`will be phased out in the 2011 Edition.
`
`vi
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`
`ANSI Z535.2-2007
`
`There are five Annexes to this standard, including a new annex of informative references. An
`annex on risk assessment and choice of signal words was also added in 2007.
`
`This Foreword and all of the Annexes are considered to be informative and not an official part of
`this standard.
`In the vocabulary of writing standards, the word "informative" is meant to convey
`that the information presented is for informational purposes only and is not considered to be
`mandatory. The body of this standard is "normative", meaning that this information is considered
`to be mandatory.
`
`See the ANSI Z535.1-2006 Safety Color Chart for the purpose of viewing accurate colors. Due to
`the differences in color printing technologies and color monitors, the appearance of colors in this
`document may not be accurate.
`
`This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the Accredited Standards
`Committee on Safety Signs and Colors, ANSI Z535. Committee approval of this standard does
`not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval. At the time it approved
`this standard, the Z535 Committee had the following members:
`
`Gary M. Bell, Chairperson
`Paul Orr, Secretary
`
`Organization Represented:
`
`Name of Representative:
`
`American Society of Safety Engineers
`
`American Welding Society
`
`Applied Materials
`
`Applied Safety and Ergonomics, Inc.
`
`J. Paul Frantz
`Thomas F. Breshnahan (Alt.)
`Howard A. Elwell (Alt.)
`
`August F. Manz
`
`Edward Karl
`Carl Wong (Alt.)
`
`Steven Hall
`Stephen Young (Alt.)
`
`Association for Manufacturing Technology
`
`David Felinski
`
`Association of Equipment Manufacturers
`
`Richard A. Dressler
`Dan Taylor (Alt.)
`
`Browning Arms Company
`
`Larry D. Nelson
`
`Caterpillar, Inc.
`
`Clarion Safety Systems, LLC
`
`Sue A. Hooker
`Mark A. Stephen (Alt.)
`
`Geoffrey Peckham
`Jerry Reganess (Alt.)
`
`vii
`
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`
`ANSI Z535.2-2007
`
`Dorris & Associates, Inc.
`
`Eagle Crusher Co.
`
`Edison Electric Institute
`
`Nathan T. Dorris
`Alan Dorris (Alt.)
`
`Ryan Parsell
`
`Janet Fox
`
`Glass Application Analysis, Inc.
`
`William P. Whitney
`
`Hale Color Consultants, Inc.
`
`William N. Hale
`
`Human Factors & Ergonomics Society
`
`Michael Kalsher
`Michael S. Wogalter (Alt.)
`
`Human Factors & Safety Analytics, Inc.
`
`B. Jay Martin
`
`Husqvarna Outdoor Products, Inc.
`
`Brett E. Cohen
`
`Industrial Safety Equipment Association
`
`Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers
`
`Janice Comer Bradley
`Richard Fisk (Alt.)
`Russell Goldman II (Alt.)
`Carmen Taylor (Alt.)
`
`Al Clapp
`John Dagenhart (Alt.)
`Sue Vogel (Alt.)
`
`International Staple, Nail, and Tool Association
`
`John W. Kurtz
`
`L. Dale Baker & Associates
`
`L. Dale Baker
`
`Lab Safety Supply, Inc.
`
`Jim Versweyveld
`
`Marhefka & Associates
`
`Russell E. Marhefka
`
`National Association of Graphic Product
`Identification Manufacturers
`
`Russ Butchko
`Donna Ehrmann (Alt.)
`
`National Electrical Manufacturers Association
`
`John Young
`John Katzbeck (Alt.)
`
`National Spray Equipment Mfrs. Assoc.
`
`Dan Pahl
`
`Power Tool Institute
`
`Wayne Hill
`Mark Hickok (Alt.)
`
`viii
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`
`Rural Utilities Service
`
`Trung Hiu
`
`Safety and Forensic Enterprises, LLC
`
`Loren Mills
`
`Safety Behavior Analysis, Inc.
`
`Shelley Waters Deppa
`
`Sauder Woodworking Company
`
`Gary Bell
`
`Scaffold Industry Association
`
`Dave Merrifield
`
`Snap-On-Tools
`
`Society of the Plastics Industry, Machinery Div.
`
`Standard Register Corp.
`
`System Safety Society
`
`Underwriters Laboratories
`
`Whirlpool Corporation
`
`Bill Pagac
`Dan Eggert (Alt.)
`
`Walter Bishop
`Bob Monteith (Alt.)
`
`James Heckman
`Linda LeBlanc (Alt.)
`
`Robert J. Cunitz
`
`Richard Olesen
`
`Joanie M. Gentry
`Donald Grob (Alt.)
`
`Subcommittee Z535.2 on Environmental and Facility Safety Signs, which developed the 2007
`standard, had the following members:
`
`Allen L. Clapp, Chair
`John Dagenhart, Vice-Chair
`Paul Orr, Secretary
`
`Dale Baker
`Julie Bandt
`Gary Bell
`Quinn Brackett
`Blair Brewster
`Robert Cunitz
`Alan Dorris
`Robert Fisk
`Brian Grieser
`Trung Hiu
`B. Jay. Martin
`Loren Mills
`Linda Moquet
`Richard Olesen
`Geoff Peckham
`Sharon White
`Michael Wogalter
`David Young
`
`ix
`
`ANSI Z535.2-2007
`
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`
`Copyrighted material licensed to Vladimir Lozan on 2016-04-17 for licensee's use only. No further reproduction or networking is permitted. Distributed by Thomson Reuters (Scientific) LLC, www.tec
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`ANSI Z535.2-2007
`
`AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
`
`ANSI Z535.2-2007
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`AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND FACILITY
`SAFETY SIGNS
`
`1
`
`Introduction
`
`This standard covers requirements for environmental and facility safety signs that are to be used
`to visually alert and inform observers of potential hazards in the environment or facility. See
`ANSI Z535.4-2007 for the requirements for product safety signs and labels.
`
`Sometimes the actions required to avoid the hazard or the consequences of not avoiding the
`hazard are not obvious to the viewer from the context in which the sign is used.
`In such
`situations viewer training, additional messages, or the use of safety symbols on the sign should
`be used to provide this information. To achieve these objectives, it is most important to have an
`easily recognizable and highly conspicuous hazard alerting system such as is presented in this
`document.
`
`The diversity of culture and background in the American society increases the need to
`standardize a visual alerting identification system for safety signage. The great need to eliminate
`accidents and suffering among individuals who may be exposed to hazards requires the use of
`standard formats, sizes, colors, shapes, and a firm understanding of the degree of hazard. This
`document contains the elements that designate a separation between levels of hazard severity.
`
`This standard sets forth a hazard alert system that uses different signal words and colors to
`distinguish between levels of hazards. Use of this standard will allow observers of environmental
`and facility safety signs to determine the type and degree of hazards and take appropriate actions
`to avoid injury.
`
`To promote standardization and increase effectiveness, the formats used in this standard are
`intentionally similar to those used in ANSI Z535.4-2007 Standard for Product Signs and Labels.
`While these standards are similar in many respects, they each address different physical and
`visual requirements. As a result, there are basic differences between environmental/facility safety
`signs and product safety signs. Environmental and facility safety signs are usually larger and
`observed at longer distances; they frequently contain lesser amounts of information for visual
`clarity at a distance. Product safety signs are likely to contain more information within a smaller
`format, are usually observed at closer distances, and must physically and visually integrate with a
`wide range of product size, shape and color characteristics. The Z535 Committee on Safety
`Signs and Colors has recognized and affirmed the need for these two standards.
`
`The ultimate application of the visual alerting messages will be up to those responsible for affixing
`these messages. This standard is intended to provide specifications for signs to convey a safety
`alert message that is clearly and rapidly understood regardless of the viewers' background.
`In
`certain areas of the country where other languages are used, consideration should be given to
`providing messages in those languages.
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`
`ANSI Z535.2-2007
`
`2
`
`2.1
`
`Scope and purpose
`
`Scope
`
`This standard establishes requirements for a uniform visual system of identification related to
`potential hazards in the environment. It provides for the design, application and use of signs and
`placards employing this visual alerting system.
`
`2.2
`
`Purpose
`
`The primary purpose of this standard is to provide an effective means of communicating
`informat