throbber
Research Analysts
`Lee Kalowski
`212 325 9683
`lee.kalowski@credit-suisse.com
`Catherine J. Arnold
`212 538 6225
`catherine.j.arnold@credit-suisse.com
`Ravi Mehrotra PhD
`212 325 3487
`ravi.mehrotra@credit-suisse.com
`Ari Jahja
`212 325 0767
`ariyanto.jahja@credit-suisse.com
`Ronak H. Shah, Pharm.D., CFA
`212 325 9799
`ronak.shah@credit-suisse.com
`Koon Ching PhD
`212 325 6286
`koon.ching@credit-suisse.com
`
`
`
`11 December 2012
`Americas/United States
`Equity Research
`Biotechnology
`
`Prostate Cancer
`
`COMMENT
`Implications of Zytiga’s Pre-Chemo Approval
`■ JNJ(cid:146)s Zytiga received pre-chemo approval on December 10th (see our
`note (cid:147)Zytiga pre-chemo approved: still no OS(cid:148)). There was considerable
`speculation as to whether Zytiga would hit OS significance with data updated
`since its presentations at ASCO and ESMO this year. We fully expected
`FDA to approve Zytiga for pre-chemo use even without statistically
`significant OS data, as was indeed the case. Notably, the label does include
`an update to the OS data, but statistical significance was not achieved.
`■ Overall survival looks incrementally worse for Zytiga (cid:150) which is good
`for Xtandi -- though we don(cid:146)t think it changes how the products will be
`used. The OS difference was only 5.2 months, which is lower than what we
`(and probably most) were expecting. This missed significance with a p-value
`of 0.0151 (Exhibit 1). The placebo arm also saw median OS increase to 30
`months, worsening the HR from 0.75 to 0.79. (Exhibit 2). The data is a little
`puzzling, but between the strong OS trend, the robust rPFS data (HR of 0.43
`on a median treatment duration of 14 months) and the robust OS benefit in
`the (cid:147)301(cid:148) trial, we don(cid:146)t think the update changes Zytiga(cid:146)s profile all that
`much or even how it is likely to be used.
`■ The tolerability profile looks similar to what was seen in the (cid:147)301(cid:148) trial.
`As was the case in the (cid:147)301(cid:148) trial, Zytiga is associated with liver function
`abnormalities in the pre-chemo setting, underscoring the importance of
`regular LFT monitoring, as has been outlined in the label (Exhibit 3). Cardiac
`failure was also higher with Zytiga (now 2.1% vs 0.7% on placebo). And, of
`course, with the approval in the pre-chemo setting, Zytiga is tied to longer-
`term use of prednisone (all adverse events from the label are shown in
`Exhibit 4).
`■ The approval now marks the first meaningful entry into the urology
`segment of the prostate cancer market since DNDN(cid:146)s Provenge. As per
`JNJ(cid:146)s Q3 call, about 30% of Zytiga has been in the pre-chemo setting (the
`setting for which Zytiga was just approved), but uptake by urologists has
`been negligible, at least per IMS data. With this approval, we now expect a
`more significant push into the urology segment of the market.
`(bullets continue on next page)
`
`DISCLOSURE APPENDIX CONTAINS IMPORTANT DISCLOSURES, ANALYST CERTIFICATIONS, INFORMATION ON
`TRADE ALERTS, ANALYST MODEL PORTFOLIOS AND THE STATUS OF NON-U.S ANALYSTS. US Disclosure: Credit
`Suisse does and seeks to do business with companies covered in its research reports. As a result, investors should be aware
`that the Firm may have a conflict of interest that could affect the objectivity of this report. Investors should consider this report
`as only a single factor in making their investment decision.
`
`CREDIT SUISSE SECURITIES RESEARCH & ANALYTICS
`
`
`
`
`BEYOND INFORMATIONfi
`Client-Driven Solutions, Insights, and Access
`
`WCK1071
`Page 1
`
`

`
`
`■ While MDVN (OP, TP: $73) is not disclosing how it might change its
`own statistical plan for its pre-chemo (cid:147)PREVAIL(cid:148) trial, the company is
`confirming that it will wait for OS. This is in-line with our expectations and,
`frankly, makes sense, given that (1) Xtandi has a relatively long patent life
`(2) it offers the potential for an OS comparative advantage vs Zytiga,
`especially if that product goes off-patent in around four years and (3) makes
`market entry for downstream competitors all the more challenging. Our best
`guess is that PREVAIL is likely to report out in 2H(cid:146)13 (cid:150) and we expect
`positive results from that trial.
`is positive, National Comprehensive Cancer
`■ Assuming PREVAIL
`Network (NCCN) guidelines likely will put Xtandi ahead of Zytiga. As we
`noted in our email on December 5th ((cid:147)NCCN Prostate Cancer Guidelines
`Updated: Allows for Xtandi Pre-Chemo Use(cid:148)), Xtandi received in the pre-
`chemo setting a category 2a ((cid:147)lower-level evidence(cid:148)), which is the same as
`Zytiga, despite the (cid:147)302(cid:148) data results (both products are category 1 ((cid:147)high-
`level evidence(cid:148)) in the post-chemo setting). Assuming PREVAIL is positive
`on OS, we would expect Xtandi to move to (cid:147)1(cid:148) (cid:150) the same as Provenge (cid:150)
`while Zytiga is likely to remain where it is.
`■ We are not changing our Xtandi forecasts at this time. Between what we
`see as more favorable tolerability and safety, the lack of required prednisone
`and likely better OS data, we continue to believe that Xtandi will capture a
`larger portion of the post and pre-chemo markets (we model 70% market
`share going to Xtandi vs Zytiga). We continue to believe that PREVAIL will
`show a treatment duration of at least the 14 months seen in the Zytiga (cid:147)302(cid:148)
`trial, resulting in upside from current levels.
`■ For DNDN (N, TP: $4), the Zytiga approval marks the imminent entry of
`a competitor in the pre-chemo (urology) setting. But overall, the timing
`and nature of the approval is in-line with our expectations. Last quarter saw
`a substantial decline at the academic setting (-25%) and we don(cid:146)t think this
`approval and label is likely to change that one way or another. We continue
`to believe that Provenge can be used in a niche setting of the mCRPC
`market (cid:150) i.e. very slowly progressing asymptomatic mCRPC patients (cid:150)
`although it remains to be seen what percentage actually fits into this
`category. Crucial for Provenge(cid:146)s future will be for DNDN to finally gain a
`foothold within the community (and especially community urology) setting
`and JNJ(cid:146)s push here won(cid:146)t make it any easier for DNDN. We are not
`changing estimates at this time (cid:150) we forecast flattish revenues in 2013
`overall vs 2012, with some growth thereafter.
`■ For JNJ (N, TP: $71): the Zytiga overall survival data is a slight
`disappointment, however, our (post-2014) Zytiga forecast already implies a
`competitive benefit for Xtandi secondary to not requiring prednisone on
`board. The smaller than expected OS benefit now leaves room for Xtandi to
`have a competitive benefit greater than already projected once PREVAIL
`reads out in 2H(cid:146)13. In-line with this, a key element of our Neutral rating on
`JNJ is predicated on the fact that we expect notable competition to emerge
`for several key therapeutic areas in the next 12 months, keeping the stock
`range bound.
`.
`
`WCK1071
`Page 2
`
`

`
`
`
`11 December 2012
`
`NR
`0.0097
`0.75
`
`18
`421
`400
`412
`387
`
`21
`393
`361
`258
`237
`
`24
`333
`283
`120
`106
`
`27
`175
`153
`27
`25
`
`30
`68
`67
`0
`2
`
`27.2
`
`
`
`36
`0
`0
`
`33
`15
`9
`0
`0
`
`Exhibit 1: OS Data from Label and as Presented at ASCO 2012
`Approved Label
`Data Presented at ASCO - June 2012
`Zytiga (N= 546) Placebo (N=542) Overall Survival
`Zytiga (N= 546) Placebo (N=542)
`Overall Survival
`200
`234 Deaths
`Deaths
`35.3
`30.1 Median Suvival
`Median Suvival
`0.0151
`p-value
`p-value
`Hazard Ratio
`0.792
`Hazard Ratio
`Source: Company data, Credit Suisse estimates
`
`Exhibit 2: OS Curves (cid:150) From Label (Updated Data) and at ASCO
`0
`3
`6
`9
`12
`15
`546
`538
`524
`503
`482
`452
`Zytiga-updated
`542
`534
`508
`492
`465
`437
`Placebo-updated
`546
`538
`524
`503
`482
`452
`Zytiga-ASCO
`542
`534
`509
`493
`465
`437
`Placebo-ASCO
`Source: Company data, Credit Suisse estimates
`
`Exhibit 3: Liver Function Abnormalities From Label
`"301"
`"302"
`All Grades
`Grade 3-4 All Grades
`Grade 3-4
`30.6
`2.1
`41.9
`6.1
`High ALT
`11.1
`1.4
`37.3
`3.1
`High AST
`41.7
`3.5
`79.2
`9.2
`Total
`Source: Company data, Credit Suisse estimates
`
`
`
`
`Exhibit 4: Zytiga AEs from Approved Label
`Zytiga - "301"
`All Grades
`Grade 3-4
`29.5
`4.2
`26.2
`3.0
`26.7
`1.9
`19.0
`0.3
`8.5
`1.3
`17.6
`0.6
`6.1
`0.0
`11.5
`2.1
`5.4
`0.0
`10.6
`0.0
`7.2
`0.3
`6.2
`0.0
`5.9
`1.4
`7.2
`1.1
`3.8
`0.5
`2.3
`1.9
`
`Joint Swelling/discomfort
`Muscle Discomfort
`Edema
`Hot flush
`Hypertension
`Diarrhea
`Dyspepsia
`Urinary tract infection
`Upper respiratory tract
`Cough
`Urinary frequency
`Nocturia
`Fractures
`Arrhythmia
`Chest pain or chest discomfort
`Cardiac failure
`
`Source: Company data, Credit Suisse estimates
`
`Fatigue
`Edema
`Pyrexia
`Joint swelling/discomfort
`Groin pain
`Constipation
`Diarrhea
`Dyspepsia
`Hot flush
`Hypertension
`Cough
`Dyspnea
`Insomnia
`Contusion
`Falls
`Upper respiratory tract
`Nasopharyngitis
`Hematuria
`Rash
`
`Zytiga - "302"
`All Grades
`Grade 3-4
`39.1
`2.2
`25.1
`0.4
`8.7
`0.6
`30.3
`2.0
`6.6
`0.4
`23.1
`0.4
`21.6
`0.9
`11.1
`0.0
`22.3
`0.2
`21.6
`3.9
`17.3
`0.0
`11.8
`2.4
`13.5
`0.2
`13.3
`0.0
`5.9
`0.0
`12.7
`0.0
`10.7
`0.0
`10.3
`1.3
`8.1
`0.0
`
`Prostate Cancer
`
`3
`
`WCK1071
`Page 3
`
`

`
`
`
`11 December 2012
`
`Companies Mentioned (Price as of 10-Dec-2012)
`Dendreon Corp. (DNDN.OQ, $5.04, NEUTRAL[V], TP $4.0)
`Johnson & Johnson (JNJ.N, $70.6, NEUTRAL, TP $71.0)
`Medivation (MDVN.OQ, $55.33, OUTPERFORM[V], TP $73.0)
`
`
`
`Disclosure Appendix
`
`Important Global Disclosures
`Lee Kalowski, Catherine J. Arnold, Ravi Mehrotra PhD, each certify, with respect to the companies or securities that the individual analyzes, that (1)
`the views expressed in this report accurately reflect his or her personal views about all of the subject companies and securities and (2) no part of his
`or her compensation was, is or will be directly or indirectly related to the specific recommendations or views expressed in this report.
`
`Price and Rating History for Dendreon Corp. (DNDN.OQ)
`
`Target Price
`Closing Price
`DNDN.OQ
`(US$)
`(US$)
`Date
`29.00
`42.81
`02-May-11
`22.00
`35.84
`03-Aug-11
`14.00
`11.42
`09-Sep-11
`11.00
`6.55
`03-Nov-11
`14.00
`14.17
`30-Jan-12
`13.00
`11.81
`27-Feb-12
`12.00
`8.75
`08-May-12
`6.00
`4.76
`31-Jul-12
`4.00
`4.17
`05-Nov-12
`* Asterisk signifies initiation or assumption of coverage.
`
`
`Rating
`U *
`N
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`UN D ERPERFO RM
`N EU T RA L
`
`Target Price
`
`Closing Price DNDN.OQ
`
`43
`
`33
`
`23
`
`13
`
`3
`1- May- 11
`
`1- Sep- 11
`
`1- Jan- 12
`
`1- May- 12
`
`1- Sep- 12
`
`Price and Rating History for Johnson & Johnson (JNJ.N)
`
`Closing Price
`JNJ.N
`(US$)
`Date
`65.35
`19-Jan-10
`65.39
`21-Apr-10
`58.01
`04-Jun-10
`57.12
`21-Jul-10
`57.60
`27-Aug-10
`60.60
`26-Jan-11
`60.46
`18-Apr-11
`70.00
`68.20
`11-Sep-12
`71.00
`69.32
`25-Sep-12
`* Asterisk signifies initiation or assumption of coverage.
`
`Target Price
`(US$)
`71.00
`73.00
`69.00
`66.00
`65.00
`63.00
`
`
`Rating
`N
`
`
`
`
`
`R
`N
`
`
`75
`
`70
`
`65
`
`60
`
`55
`1- Jan- 10
`
`N EU T RA L
`REST RICT ED
`
`Target Price
`
`Closing Price JNJ.N
`
`1- Jan- 11
`
`1- Jan- 12
`
`Target Price
`
`Closing Price MDVN.OQ
`
`Target Price
`(US$)
`76.00
`92.00
`90.00
`
`Price and Rating History for Medivation (MDVN.OQ)
`
`Closing Price
`MDVN.OQ
`(US$)
`Date
`27.44
`30-Jan-12
`32.50
`24-Feb-12
`32.76
`29-Feb-12
`35.70
`13-Mar-12
`90.00
`35.28
`14-Mar-12
`115.00
`44.17
`23-May-12
`122.00
`40.82
`04-Jun-12
`120.00
`48.85
`10-Aug-12
`149.00
`54.60
`04-Sep-12
`73.00
`45.70
`11-Nov-12
`* Asterisk signifies initiation or assumption of coverage.
`
`
`Rating
`O *
`
`
`R
`O
`
`
`
`
`
`
`80
`
`60
`
`40
`
`20
`
`O U T PERFO RM
`REST RICT ED
`
`1- Mar- 12
`
`1- May- 12
`
`1- Jul- 12
`
`1- Sep- 12
`
`1- Nov- 12
`
`Prostate Cancer
`
`4
`
`WCK1071
`Page 4
`
`

`
`
`
`11 December 2012
`
`The analyst(s) responsible for preparing this research report received Compensation that is based upon various factors including Credit Suisse’s
`total revenues, a portion of which are generated by Credit Suisse’s investment banking activities
`As of December 10, 2012 Analysts(cid:146) stock rating are defined as follows:
`Outperform (O) : The stock(cid:146)s total return is expected to outperform the relevant benchmark*over the next 12 months.
`Neutral (N) : The stock(cid:146)s total return is expected to be in line with the relevant benchmark* over the next 12 months.
`Underperform (U) : The stock(cid:146)s total return is expected to underperform the relevant benchmark* over the next 12 months.
` *Relevant benchmark by region: As of 10th December 2012, Japanese ratings are based on a stock(cid:146)s total return relative to the analyst’s coverage universe which
`consists of all companies covered by the analyst within the relevant sector, with Outperforms representing the most attractive, Neutrals the less attractive, and
`Underperforms the least attractive investment opportunities. As of 2nd October 2012, U.S. and Canadian as well as European ratings are based on a stock(cid:146)s total
`return relative to the analyst’s coverage universe which consists of all companies covered by the analyst within the relevant sector, with Outperforms representing the
`most attractive, Neutrals the less attractive, and Underperforms the least attractive investment opportunities. For Latin American and non-Japan Asia stocks, ratings
`are based on a stock(cid:146)s total return relative to the average total return of the relevant country or regional benchmark; Australia, New Zealand are, and prior to 2nd
`October 2012 U.S. and Canadian ratings were based on (1) a stock(cid:146)s absolute total return potential to its current share price and (2) the relative attractiveness of a
`stock(cid:146)s total return potential within an analyst(cid:146)s coverage universe. For Australian and New Zealand stocks, 12-month rolling yield is incorporated in the absolute total
`return calculation and a 15% and a 7.5% threshold replace the 10-15% level in the Outperform and Underperform stock rating definitions, respectively. The 15% and
`7.5% thresholds replace the +10-15% and -10-15% levels in the Neutral stock rating definition, respectively. Prior to 10th December 2012, Japanese ratings were
`based on a stock(cid:146)s total return relative to the average total return of the relevant country or regional benchmark.
`Restricted (R) : In certain circumstances, Credit Suisse policy and/or applicable law and regulations preclude certain types of communications,
`including an investment recommendation, during the course of Credit Suisse’s engagement in an investment banking transaction and in certain other
`circumstances.
`Volatility Indicator [V] : A stock is defined as volatile if the stock price has moved up or down by 20% or more in a month in at least 8 of the past 24
`months or the analyst expects significant volatility going forward.
`Analysts(cid:146) sector weightings are distinct from analysts(cid:146) stock ratings and are based on the analyst(cid:146)s expectations for the fundamentals and/or
`valuation of the sector* relative to the group(cid:146)s historic fundamentals and/or valuation:
`Overweight : The analyst(cid:146)s expectation for the sector(cid:146)s fundamentals and/or valuation is favorable over the next 12 months.
`Market Weight : The analyst(cid:146)s expectation for the sector(cid:146)s fundamentals and/or valuation is neutral over the next 12 months.
`Underweight : The analyst(cid:146)s expectation for the sector(cid:146)s fundamentals and/or valuation is cautious over the next 12 months.
` *An analyst(cid:146)s coverage sector consists of all companies covered by the analyst within the relevant sector. An analyst may cover multiple sectors.
`Credit Suisse’s distribution of stock ratings (and banking clients) is:
`
`Global Ratings Distribution
`Versus universe (%)
`Rating
`42%
`Outperform/Buy*
`39%
`Neutral/Hold*
`15%
`Underperform/Sell*
`3%
`Restricted
`*For purposes of the NYSE and NASD ratings distribution disclosure requirements, our stock ratings of Outperform, Neutral, and Underperform most closely
`correspond to Buy, Hold, and Sell, respectively; however, the meanings are not the same, as our stock ratings are determined on a relative basis. (Please refer to
`definitions above.) An investor’s decision to buy or sell a security should be based on investment objectives, current holdings, and other individual factors.
`Credit Suisse(cid:146)s policy is to update research reports as it deems appropriate, based on developments with the subject company, the sector or the
`market that may have a material impact on the research views or opinions stated herein.
`Credit Suisse’s policy is only to publish investment research that is impartial, independent, clear, fair and not misleading. For more detail please refer
`to Credit Suisse’s Policies for Managing Conflicts of Interest in connection with Investment Research: http://www.csfb.com/research and
`analytics/disclaimer/managing_conflicts_disclaimer.html
`Credit Suisse does not provide any tax advice. Any statement herein regarding any US federal tax is not intended or written to be used, and cannot
`be used, by any taxpayer for the purposes of avoiding any penalties.
`
`Of which banking clients (%)
`(54% banking clients)
`(48% banking clients)
`(44% banking clients)
`
`Price Target: (12 months) for Dendreon Corp. (DNDN.OQ)
`Method: Our $4 target price for DNDN is derived from a discounted cash flow modeled to 2020 using a terminal growth rate of -5% and a discount
`rate of 10%.
`Upside risk to our $4 target price include an accelerating launch trajectory, greater realized cost cutting than we model and successful
`commercialization in the EU; downside risk include: a launch trajectory below our expectations, greater competition than we anticipate and
`a higher cost base than we currently model.
`
`Risk:
`
`Prostate Cancer
`
`5
`
`WCK1071
`Page 5
`
`

`
`
`
`11 December 2012
`
`Risk:
`
`Price Target: (12 months) for Johnson & Johnson (JNJ.N)
`Method: Our $71 target price for JNJ is based on a Sum-of-the-Parts analysis, using peer averages in related consumer, devices and pharma
`businesses to assign value to each of JNJ’s business units. The combined peer group consists of about 20+ companies. and the analysis
`results in application of a blended multiple of 12.9x JNJ’s 2013 earnings.
`Key upward risks to our $71 target price include more aggressive deal-making or capital deployment by the company, and deterioration of
`macro environment leading to a flight to safety. Downward risks to our target price include conservative use of cash, and an improvement
`in the the macro environment leading to greater appetite for risk.
`Price Target: (12 months) for Medivation (MDVN.OQ)
`Method: Our Price Target of $73 is derived from a discounted cash flow modeled to 2020 followed by a terminal growth up to patent expiry and no
`further cash flows.
`Risks to our $73 target price include delay in or lack of approval in either the post or pre-chemo indication or lower penetration than we
`assume.
`
`Risk:
`
`Please refer to the firm’s disclosure website at www.credit-suisse.com/researchdisclosures for the definitions of abbreviations typically used in the
`target price method and risk sections.
`See the Companies Mentioned section for full company names
`The subject company (DNDN.OQ, JNJ.N, MDVN.OQ) currently is, or was during the 12-month period preceding the date of distribution of this report,
`a client of Credit Suisse.
`Credit Suisse provided investment banking services to the subject company (JNJ.N, MDVN.OQ) within the past 12 months.
`Credit Suisse has managed or co-managed a public offering of securities for the subject company (MDVN.OQ) within the past 12 months.
`Credit Suisse has received investment banking related compensation from the subject company (JNJ.N, MDVN.OQ) within the past 12 months
`Credit Suisse expects to receive or intends to seek investment banking related compensation from the subject company (DNDN.OQ, JNJ.N,
`MDVN.OQ) within the next 3 months.
`As of the date of this report, Credit Suisse makes a market in the following subject companies (DNDN.OQ, JNJ.N, MDVN.OQ).
`Credit Suisse has a material conflict of interest with the subject company (MDVN.OQ). A Credit Suisse analyst involved in the preparation of this
`report has a long position in the common stock of MDVN
`Important Regional Disclosures
`Singapore recipients should contact Credit Suisse AG, Singapore Branch for any matters arising from this research report.
`The analyst(s) involved in the preparation of this report have not visited the material operations of the subject company (DNDN.OQ, JNJ.N,
`MDVN.OQ) within the past 12 months
`Restrictions on certain Canadian securities are indicated by the following abbreviations: NVS--Non-Voting shares; RVS--Restricted Voting Shares;
`SVS--Subordinate Voting Shares.
`Individuals receiving this report from a Canadian investment dealer that is not affiliated with Credit Suisse should be advised that this report may not
`contain regulatory disclosures the non-affiliated Canadian investment dealer would be required to make if this were its own report.
`For Credit Suisse Securities (Canada), Inc.’s policies and procedures regarding the dissemination of equity research, please visit
`http://www.csfb.com/legal_terms/canada_research_policy.shtml.
`As of the date of this report, Credit Suisse acts as a market maker or liquidity provider in the equities securities that are the subject of this report.
`Principal is not guaranteed in the case of equities because equity prices are variable.
`Commission is the commission rate or the amount agreed with a customer when setting up an account or at any time after that.
`For Credit Suisse disclosure information on other companies mentioned in this report, please visit the website at www.credit-
`suisse.com/researchdisclosures or call +1 (877) 291-2683.
`
`Prostate Cancer
`
`6
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`

`
`
`
`11 December 2012
`
`References in this report to Credit Suisse include all of the subsidiaries and affiliates of Credit Suisse operating under its investment banking division. For more information on our structure, please use the
`following link: https://www.credit-suisse.com/who_we_are/en/.This report may contain material that is not directed to, or intended for distribution to or use by, any person or entity who is a citizen or resident of
`or located in any locality, state, country or other jurisdiction where such distribution, publication, availability or use would be contrary to law or regulation or which would subject Credit Suisse AG or its affiliates
`("CS") to any registration or licensing requirement within such jurisdiction. All material presented in this report, unless specifically indicated otherwise, is under copyright to CS. None of the material, nor its
`content, nor any copy of it, may be altered in any way, transmitted to, copied or distributed to any other party, without the prior express written permission of CS. All trademarks, service marks and logos used
`in this report are trademarks or service marks or registered trademarks or service marks of CS or its affiliates. The information, tools and material presented in this report are provided to you for information
`purposes only and are not to be used or considered as an offer or the solicitation of an offer to sell or to buy or subscribe for securities or other financial instruments. CS may not have taken any steps to
`ensure that the securities referred to in this report are suitable for any particular investor. CS will not treat recipients of this report as its customers by virtue of their receiving this report. The investments and
`services contained or referred to in this report may not be suitable for you and it is recommended that you consult an independent investment advisor if you are in doubt about such investments or investment
`services. Nothing in this report constitutes investment, legal, accounting or tax advice, or a representation that any investment or strategy is suitable or appropriate to your individual circumstances, or
`otherwise constitutes a personal recommendation to you. CS does not advise on the tax consequences of investments and you are advised to contact an independent tax adviser. Please note in particular
`that the bases and levels of taxation may change. Information and opinions presented in this report have been obtained or derived from sources believed by CS to be reliable, but CS makes no representation
`as to their accuracy or completeness. CS accepts no liability for loss arising from the use of the material presented in this report, except that this exclusion of liability does not apply to the extent that such
`liability arises under specific statutes or regulations applicable to CS. This report is not to be relied upon in substitution for the exercise of independent judgment. CS may have issued, and may in the future
`issue, other communications that are inconsistent with, and reach different conclusions from, the information presented in this report. Those communications reflect the different assumptions, views and
`analytical methods of the analysts who prepared them and CS is under no obligation to ensure that such other communications are brought to the attention of any recipient of this report. CS may, to the extent
`permitted by law, participate or invest in financing transactions with the issuer(s) of the securities referred to in this report, perform services for or solicit business from such issuers, and/or have a position or
`holding, or other material interest, or effect transactions, in such securities or options thereon, or other investments related thereto. In addition, it may make markets in the securities mentioned in the material
`presented in this report. CS may have, within the last three years, served as manager or co-manager of a public offering of securities for, or currently may make a primary market in issues of, any or all of the
`entities mentioned in this report or may be providing, or have provided within the previous 12 months, significant advice or investment services in relation to the investment concerned or a related investment.
`Additional information is, subject to duties of confidentiality, available on request. Some investments referred to in this report will be offered solely by a single entity and in the case of some investments solely
`by CS, or an associate of CS or CS may be the only market maker in such investments. Past performance should not be taken as an indication or guarantee of future performance, and no representation or
`warranty, express or implied, is made regarding future performance. Information, opinions and estimates contained in this report reflect a judgment at its original date of publication by CS and are subject to
`change without notice. The price, value of and income from any of the securities or financial instruments mentioned in this report can fall as well as rise. The value of securities and financial instruments is
`subject to exchange rate fluctuation that may have a positive or adverse effect on the price or income of such securities or financial instruments. Investors in securities such as ADR’s, the values of which are
`influenced by currency volatility, effectively assume this risk. Structured securities are complex instruments, typically involve a high degree of risk and are intended for sale only to sophisticated investors who
`are capable of understanding and assuming the risks involved. The market value of any structured security may be affected by changes in economic, financial and political factors (including, but not limited to,
`spot and forward interest and exchange rates), time to maturity, market conditions and volatility, and the credit quality of any issuer or reference issuer. Any investor interested in purchasing a structured
`product should conduct their own investigation and analysis of the product and consult with their own professional advisers as to the risks involved in making such a purchase. Some investments discussed in
`this report may have a high level of volatility. High volatility investments may experience sudden and large falls in their value causing losses when that investment is realised. Those losses may equal your
`original investment. Indeed, in the case of some investments the potential losses may exceed the amount of initial investment and, in such circumstances, you may be required to pay more money to support
`those losses. Income yields from investments may fluctuate and, in consequence, initial capital paid to make the investment may be used as part of that income yield. Some investments may not be readily
`realisable and it may be difficult to sell or realise those investments, similarly it may prove difficult for you to obtain reliable information about the value, or risks, to which such an investment is exposed. This
`report may provide the addresses of, or contain hyperlinks to, websites. Except to the extent to which the report refers to website material of CS, CS has not reviewed any such site and takes no responsibility
`for the content contained therein. Such address or hyperlink (including addresses or hyperlinks to CS’s own website material) is provided solely for your convenience and information and the content of any
`such website does not in any way form part of this document. Accessing such website or following such link through this report or CS’s website shall be at your own risk. This report is issued and distributed in
`Europe (except Switzerland) by Credit Suisse Securities (Europe) Limited, One Cabot Square, London E14 4QJ, England, which is regulated in the United Kingdom by The Financial Services Authority
`("FSA"). This report is being distributed in Germany by Credit Suisse Securities (Europe) This report is being distributed in the United States and Canada by Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC; in Switzerland
`by Credit Suisse AG; in Brazil by Banco de Investimentos Credit Suisse (Brasil) S.A or its affiliates; in Mexico by Banco Credit Suisse (MØxico), S.A. (transactions related to the securities mentioned in this
`report will only be effected in compliance with applicable regulation); in Japan by Credit Suisse Securities (Japan) Limited, Financial Instruments Firm, Director-General of Kanto Local Finance Bureau
`(Kinsho) No. 66, a member of Japan Securities Dealers Association, The Financial Futures Association of Japan, Japan Investment Advisers Association, Type II Financial Instruments Firms Association;
`elsewhere in Asia/ Pacific by whichever of the following is the appropriately authorised entity in the relevant jurisdiction: Credit Suisse (Hong Kong) Limited, Credit Suisse Equities (Australia) Limited, Credit
`Suisse Securities (Thailand) Limited, Credit Suisse Securities (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd, Credit Suisse AG, Singapore Branch, Credit Suisse Securities (India) Private Limited regulated by the Securities and
`Exchange Board of India (registration Nos. INB230970637; INF230970637; INB010970631; INF010970631), having registered address at 9th Floor, Ceejay House, Dr.A.B. Road, Worli, Mumbai - 18, India,
`T- +91-22 6777 3777, Credit Suisse Securities (Europe) Limited, Seoul Branch, Credit Suisse AG, Taipei Securities Branch, PT Credit Suisse Securities Indonesia, Credit Suisse Securities (Philippines ) Inc.,
`and elsewhere in the world by the relevant authorised affiliate of the above. Research on Taiwanese securities produced by Credit Suisse AG, Taipei Securities Branch has been prepared by a registered
`Senior Business Person. Research provided to residents of Malaysia is authorised by the Head of Research for Credit Suisse Securities (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd, to whom they should direct any queries on +603
`2723 2020. This research may not conform to Canadian disclosure requirements. In jurisdictions where CS is not already registered or licensed to trade in securities, transactions will only be effected in
`accordance with applicable securities legislation, which will vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and may require that the trade be made in accordance with applicable exemptions from registration or licensing
`requirements. Non-U.S. customers wishing to effect a transaction should contact a CS entity in their local jurisdiction unless governing law permits otherwise. U.S. customers wishing to effect a transaction
`should do so only by contacting a representative at Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC in the U.S. Please note that this research was originally prepared and issued by CS for distribution to their market
`professional and institutional investor customers. Recipients who are not market professional or institutional investor customers of CS should seek the advice of their independent financial advisor prior to
`taking any investment decision based on this report or for any necessary explanation of its contents. T

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