Tramactioo HisDy Dale __ _
`Date· lnfomallion f.cril..W froln USPJO Patent
`Afipfication lnfcnnlitlan· Relrlev8I (PAIR)
`sya18m f9COil'da 91 WWWJuspto,gov
`
`' .
`
`07 97391Ei"
`
`·.I':.
`
`INNECAN, HENDERSON, FARABOW, GARRETT 8 .DUNNER··
`~I ST.REET, N. W
`WASHINGT0.~.1,_.f>C 2000S-331S
`.
`~~-··--·--:-·-
`202-408-4000
`
`.
`.
`TELEX RCA 248740 FHFG
`. :
`'
`'FA.CStMILE 202-408-4400
`
`TOKYO OFFICE
`
`Hl81YA PARK 8Ul.LOING
`F'OURT1:4·FLOOR
`1-8-1, YUR)O,KU.CHO, CHIYOOA-KU
`
`'TOKYO. 100, JAPAj\j
`
`TELEPHONE 011-813·3215-277 3
`
`FACSIMILE 011-813-3212•0093
`
`WRITER'S DIRE.CT DIAL NUMBER:
`·'
`
`(202) 408-4104
`
`November 12, 1~92
`
`KERRY A. Fl .. YNN
`KATHLEEN c;;. DUSSAULT•
`MARK TRAPHAGEN
`MARK S. SOMMERS
`B~UCE G. CHAPMAN'
`JEROME 0 . .JACKSON
`;JEF"F"REY A. BERKOWITZ*
`.JA~ES K. HAMMOND*
`MARK. R. SHANKS
`MATTHEW T. BAILEY,
`· CHERI M. T~YLOR '
`.JOANN M. "NETH
`MICHAEL 0, KAMINSKI
`~~~NJ~T:E~~;RANK.~L
`MARK W. LAUROESCH
`TIMOTMY R. Of:WITT.
`SUSAN A. W9LFF'E
`.MICHAEL R. KELLY ·
`.JUDY G. BARRETT
`MICHAEL J. BELL
`RICl:-IARO A. ~APPAL.A It
`\..UKE A: KILYK•
`·.JANE E. R. P..OT-i"ER
`W. STANLEY ALEXANDER•
`JAMES ~· MONROE,•
`K_ENNET.H J. NUNNENKAMP
`GREGG A. OE.LAPORTA•
`OANIEL 0. GREIF'
`'
`MICHAEL K ... KIRSCHNER•
`TONl•.JUNEl.:L HERBERT•
`PATR !CK. J:'o• CONN E. LL.
`DAVID C. GARDINER, .JR.•
`1.INOA S. EVANS•
`
`KEVIN ·p, Mc:ANOREWS•
`OORIS .J. JOHNSON*
`MICHAEL P. STRAHER*
`·-JEF"F'.REY M. KARMILOVICH
`.JEF"f""REY 0. KARCESKI
`GLENN E. J
`tvfURPHY*
`. M'ICHAEL L. LEETzow•
`CARt_A C. CALCAGNO
`, JAMES REMENICK•
`.JOHN G. SMITH*·
`DAV10 A. MANSPEIZER •.
`1 LlNOA A. WADLEFOI ·
`. STEPHEN R. WHITT* .
`LORl·AN°N .JOHNSON•
`WApE D HOBBS
`
`COUNSEL '
`• ARTHUR .J, LEVIN~
`GEORGE E .. HUTCHINSON
`· HERSERT W. PATTERSON'•
`. Wll..UAM T. McCLAIN·
`WILF'ORO L. WISNe:R•
`ROSE RT F. ·ZIEMS
`, ~C?WAR,D F'. POSSESS KY,
`ROBERT .J, EICHELBURG
`ERNEST F". CHAPMAN•
`· .'.JOHN C. LQWE
`CHARLES S. HALL
`
`PATENT AGE.NTS
`F"RANK E CAF"FOE·
`.'.JOHN 9 TURNER
`
`"·
`
`1927·1979
`DOUGLAS B. HENDERSON
`FORC F'. F'ARABOW, .JR.
`ARTHUR S. GARRETT
`DONALD ·R. DUNNER
`BRIAN G. BRUNSVOLD
`Tls:>TON O . .JENNINGS'·IV
`.JERRY O. VOIGHT
`LAURENCE R. HEF"TER
`KENNETH E. PAYN_E
`HERBERT H. MINTZ
`C. LARRY O'ROURKE
`ALBERT .J, SANTORELLI .
`MJCHAEL ·c. ELMER
`RICHARD H. SMITH
`STEPHEN L ... ?~TERSON
`.JOHN M ROMARY
`BRUCE C. ZOTTER
`oe:NN1s P. o'REILLEY
`ALLEN M. SOKAL
`ROBERT O. BA.JEFSKY
`RlCHARO L: STROUP
`DAVID W. HILL:
`THOMAS L. tRV1NG
`CHARLES E. LIPSEY
`THOMAS W. WINLAND
`BASIL .J. L.EWRIS
`ROBERT J. GAYBRICK
`MARTIN L F'UCHS
`E. ROBERT YOCHES
`STEl=>HEN .J, ROSE;.NMAN
`BARRY W. GRAHAM
`SUSAN HABERMAN GRIF'F'EN
`RICHARo·e. RACINE
`T.HOMAS. H. JENKINS
`
`0
`
`ROBERT E. CONVERSE; JR.
`CLAIR X MULLEN; .J~ ..
`CHRISTOPHER P: F"OL:-.F' '
`~~~~RC O~~~~~dR
`GRIF"F"ITH a. PR1ce:;.JR
`·
`JOHN f". HORNICK
`ROBERT O. LIT0WITZ
`DAVIO·M. KE1..LY
`KENNETH J MEY~RS
`CAROL P. EINAUDI
`WALTER Y. BOYD • .JR.
`STEVEN M. ANZALONE
`OARREL.C: KARL•
`STEPHEN T. SULLIVAN
`JEAN BURKE F"0.ROIS
`OIF=tK O. THOMAS ,
`BARBARA CLARKE McCUROY
`THOMAS w. BANKS
`.
`RICHARD C. WILDER•
`LAUF:fA A. MA.JERUS
`CHRISTOPHER P. ISAAC
`SRYAN C. 'DINER
`WILLIAM H. PRATT,
`M. PAyL BARKE.A
`RICHARD V. BURGUJIAN
`GERSON 5. F;'A.NITCH
`DAVID S. F'ORMAN
`J
`"':'!ICHAEL JAKES
`AMY L.. TSUI CO\..LINS•
`MARY JANE BOSWELL
`VINCENT'P. KOVAt..ICK•
`.JAMES W EDMONDSON
`MICHAEL R. McGURK
`
`ATTQRNEY,.DQCKET 'No •. 03680.0083
`
`Honorable Commissioner of Patents
`and Trademarks
`Washington, D.C. 2023i
`New u.s·.
`.
`Patent Applicatiol)
`Title:
`A NA~IO~~i;JJE · COMMUNI~'.{WN SYSTEM .. · !
`.
`Inventors: Oennis_C H.~f.onL_ W~lt_.,~oenr-t .... s-·c)V · ·
`..
`Ja.+. liagg_~.:b., · · .?.:lei.=?..~.QQd Garahi,
`ade Pe' :fovi:c
`Williain ·o. Hays, and David Ji.: .. Ackerman ·
`
`Re:
`
`Sir:
`
`We enclose the following papers for filing .in the United
`States Patent and Trademark Office in connectio'n with the above
`·patent application•
`
`· l.. Application· - 84 .. pages, including '7· inde.pendent claims
`and 7 claims tot-al. .
`
`2.
`
`Drawings -
`
`·29 · sheets of drawings.
`
`This application is being.filed undeI;'.the pr,ovisions of 37
`C.F.R. 1.·53(d) .' ·Applicants await· notification from ·the Patent and
`Trademark Office of the time. set: for filing .. the Declaration and•
`Power of Attorney· together with the·requ:i;re~ fil~ng fees.
`
`Please accord this application' a serial number and filing
`date.
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1010
`Page 1 of 145
`
`

`
`FINNEGAN, HENDERSON, FARABOW, GARRETT.§ 'DUNNER.
`
`Honorable Commissioner of Patents
`and Trademarks
`·
`November 12, 1992
`Page 2· ·
`
`·The Commissioner is h,ereJ:?y autho:r:ized to charge any,:addi(cid:173)
`tional filing fees due·a~d any· other fees due u1;1der 37 C.F.R.
`§ 1.16.or § 1.17 during.the. pendency of this application 'to our
`Depos~t Account .. No. 0.6-0916.
`·
`
`RespectfP,lly submitted,
`
`FINNEGAN, .HENDERSON.,. FARABOW,:
`.
`GARRETT·& ,DUNNER
`
`MTB/jdp
`-Enclosures
`
`•.
`
`•I
`
`.
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1010
`Page 2 of 145
`
`

`
`.... ·
`
`.UNITED STATES PATENT' APPLICATION
`
`OF
`
`. 'l)ENNIS .'CAMEa1- . WAL~R I
`- ' - :
`RADE PETROVIC, . JAI ~~.B..GARAHI,
`WILLIAM D. HAYS, . and DAVID W·. ACKERMAN ·
`"·
`
`. '
`
`A NATIONWIDE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
`
`~· . : ' · .
`
`'
`
`.
`
`.
`
`A
`
`L,AW OFF"ICES
`FINNEGAN, HENDERSON
`fARABOW, GARRETT
`8 Dl.[NNER
`1300 [ STR~ET, N W.
`WASHINGTON; DC 20005
`I -202 -408-4000
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1010
`Page 3 of 145
`
`

`
`~. '' .
`
`·'·
`
`. ~\
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INvENTION
`
`"
`
`. •:.
`
`/Ja ····/~.,
`07. 97Z91S .. ·
`
`.Field cif the Invention
`.
`. . . · /
`A.
`The present invention relates. to met.hod's· arid systems for
`providing twq~way communication capability· ~etween a cei.ntral
`
`.. :·
`
`netw()rk and a .mobile unit over a relatively la.rge area, and more
`
`particularly to· s_uch methods and systems wh.i;ch ·aliow for rapid
`...
`communication of. large mes.sag~s and efficient use of system
`
`resources ..
`
`B.
`Description·· of .the. Related· Art.
`Conventional . two.;..way portable/mo.bile w~reless "~essag.ing
`system~ of ten pro~ide a variety of serv.tc.es ·to . subscribers. / .
`
`Conventional. 'messaging systems in particulai provide one-way
`.
`.
`.s~rvices using store and forward techniques to mobile receiv~rs
`.
`'
`.
`.
`carried :by the s·ubscriber. A· fundamental goal "of two-way
`
`'
`
`5
`
`10
`
`15
`
`messaging systems is to provide ... a· network of· int~rcori.nected
`transmitters and receivers which provides· .sufficient. transmitt~d
`
`'
`
`.
`
`:-
`
`.
`
`signal strength and receive capq.bility-tounifomly cover a
`.
`.
`.
`geographic region. Some c6nventiona:l niess·~~-incr systems provide
`
`'
`
`20
`
`th~ message· to. the user on a small viewing screen on the mobile·
`
`un'it.
`
`However, such ·conventionai systems o.~ten suf_fer · from problems_
`
`associated with low system throughput,· evidenc;:ed by slow message .·
`
`• · . .
`
`•
`
`.
`
`.
`
`•
`
`' t .
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`'
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`de1ivery and message size limitations. and do not provide an
`
`25
`
`ac:Jmowledgritent··feature wherein the mobile.unit transmits an
`
`acknowledgment signal to the. system to acknowl.edge .~ receipt of the ·
`.... :
`message from the systein.· Generally, systefi1 throughput refers to
`
`- 1 -
`
`I.AW OFFICES
`FINNEGAN, HENDERSON
`FARABOW, ·.GARRETT
`S DUNNER
`1300 I STREET, N. W:
`WASHl~GTON, DC 20005
`1·202·406·4000
`
`I.
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1010
`Page 4 of 145
`
`

`
`1
`
`5
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`the overa·11 communication -capability of a system as defined by the
`
`total amo"unt of message _data from the. system to the mobile uni ts :
`
`_transferr~d by the system.during a given period. of time divided by·
`
`·the _frequency ba-ndwidth ·necessary to ttansm,it the message data and
`may be measured in bits transfer:r:,'.ed pe~ '_liz.
`.
`.
`.
`conventional sys·:terns suffer -from techn'ical problems preventing
`
`.;purther, ~-qch
`
`cm:1sistent;. wide area coverage _and would require· extremely wide
`
`portions of valuable f requei-rcy bandwidth t-o achieve acceptable
`
`sys:tem through~u.t rates.
`Simulcast technology in communication systems was originally
`develop~~ to: extend transmitter coverage beyond that which could
`
`.
`
`..,
`
`be obtained from a single transmitter. Over time,. however,
`
`simulcasting has_ evolved into a technique capable of providillg
`
`continuous coverage to a.large area.
`
`Gener.ally, simulcast t:echno.logy provides mul t~ple
`.
`.
`.
`.
`. .
`.
`.
`transmitters, operating on· substantially the s~me f_requencies and
`
`',
`
`transmitting the same information positioned to: cover extended
`
`areas. As. shown in Fig. 1, transmitter 100 ._generally provides
`
`coverage over area A, D,
`
`.;ind .E, transmitter 102 generally pr_c;>vides
`
`coverage ove·r area B, D, and E, ·and transmit"17-_er 10'4 generally
`proviq~s coverage over area C, E, and. F.
`
`In some cases, the -
`. ..
`coverage ·ar~_a· of: a first_ transmitter may be entire:ly ehc_losed.
`•. · ..
`within· the coverage area· of another t~ansm.i. tter, .such as in ·.
`
`building .interiors and _valleys> -In .areas wJ:\ere· one. (and only one)
`
`25
`
`transmitter dominates, (e.g., az;eas A, B, and_ ~- in Fig. 1),
`
`LAW OF'F'ICES
`FINNEGAN, HENDERSON
`fAMBOW, GARRETT
`8 DUNNER
`1306 I STREET, N. W.
`WASHINGTON, DC 20005
`, I ·202 ·•foB-4000
`
`simulcast· .i:s effective because the other tran~mitters do.not·
`
`si~nificantly affect ieceive~s ~ri tho•e areas.
`
`-
`
`2 -
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1010
`Page 5 of 145
`
`

`
`t.~
`
`,However, ·in "overlap" areas D, E:., and F shoWJ). .. iri Fig. ,1,
`
`where :-the signa,ls from two or mo're transmitters are approximate_ly
`"
`equal; problems c'~ri a:r;ise because .destructive· ,.interf~rence of
`.. . .
`.
`.
`.
`·signals.occurs in these overlap areas such·as. areas D, E, and F~
`
`'
`
`:bestructive interference. occurs when the two si-gnals are·. equal in
`
`magnitude· ar;id 180 °. out of phase and complete.ly '.cancel each other .
`
`. while there were some successes, reliable design procedures were
`
`not available ..
`Attempting to precisely. synchi.:onize the carr_ie:t frequencies
`of all simulcast transmitters does not '6vercom~ the problem
`.
`.
`ich destructive. summing occurred
`
`because points (i.e. nodes) at wh
`
`1
`
`1
`
`5
`
`10
`
`.persisted for long periods of time. At such points, a mobile
`
`receiver can not receive the s.imulcast signal. ·
`
`· Deliberately .of ~setting the .. c:arrier freq:µericies· of adjacent
`
`15
`
`transmitters can ensure that destructive interference does not
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.·'.
`
`..
`
`20
`
`25
`
`LAW OF"F'ICES
`FINNEGAN, HENDERSON
`fAR.AllOW, GARRETT
`8. DUNNER
`1300 I STREET, N. w.
`WASHINOTQN, DC 20005
`1·202-406·4000
`
`30
`
`persist at one point for an e~tended period of' time. The slight
`
`er~ors.iri frequenpy displayed ·by:high quality reference
`oscil;tators (e~g .. ,. 20 hert:z; errors in 100 MHz· .. signals or a few
`par~s i~ 10 7 ) render d~liber.ate 9ff setting ~11nneces.sa;ry. Fµr.ther,
`merely .. off setting the carrier f'requencies. could not guarantee .
`
`acceptable quality demodulation because prope~. a'Li;.gnment of the
`c.
`modulating .signals in time is also required.
`
`Fig. 2 displays the -situation at, for e~am:r;>l~., ~oint D in.·
`
`Fig. 1 .. when modulating waveforms are synchronized,.and include~
`
`coverage boundary 202.frorn a first .transmitter;and ·a second
`.
`.
`.
`. .
`.
`.
`.
`.
`transmit~er.coverage boundary 204 from a second adjacent
`
`'
`
`'
`
`transmitter. An'equi-signal boundary 200 exists where ;the signals
`!_.
`
`- 3 -
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1010
`Page 6 of 145
`
`

`
`/
`
`~-.'
`
`from the first and second transmitters have approximately equal
`
`signal strengths~ A more realistic equi-signal. boundary would
`
`take. into account natural a,nd. man-:-made topography and propagation
`
`conditions, and thE3reforer woul.d probably no~ ·be a st~aight line.
`
`Figs. 3·and.4 generally illustrate various signals as they
`may occur at or nea.r t~~. ~qui-s~g.nal qouridary 200 ·as. shoWri. in
`In particula·t', Figs. 3 and 4 illustrat-~ various aspects
`
`Fig. 2.
`
`of modulation:~·synchronizatiori and· 'how altering. transmission .
`.
`.
`.
`. . .
`. .
`.
`.
`'.
`parame.ters m~y · af feet t:he . synchrC?riization.
`. .In general, there are
`. .
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`at least. three· sources which cause· the s:i.gna.ls. from. the first.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`'•
`
`;,
`
`,
`
`.
`
`.
`
`1
`
`5
`
`10
`
`transmitter and the.second transmitter to. be out of
`....
`(l) timing shifts.in. the delivery of the
`synchronization:
`modulating. waveform to each of the. transmi tt:ers; ( 2 f timing shifts
`.· .... ·.
`internal to "each transmit.ter; and (3) tim~ng .sl;lifts. caused by
`
`15
`
`propagatio.n distances ··.and anomalies. From. the' perspective of .a·
`
`receiver located in an overlap ar.ea, these three sources of timing,
`
`shifts combine .t:o produce an overall. timing shifts· between the
`
`received signals from the ·first iand second transmitter~. In
`
`current commercial pra~tic~, .the summat~on of these three
`
`20
`
`. components results in time shifts .of about'200 microseconds. The
`
`timing shift present in simulcast systems disadvantageously limits_
`
`the· baud rate at which informa.tion may be transfe'rred.
`.
`-
`general, Figs . ._3 and. 4 wil,l also illustrate how timing shifts
`
`?'·
`
`'
`
`In
`
`25
`
`LAW OF"F'ICES
`'FINNEGAN, HENDERSON
`fARABOW, GARRETT
`Iii DUNNER
`1300 .J STREET, N. W
`WASHINGTON, DC 20005
`l-202·406-4000
`
`.30
`
`p:r:events high baud. rate' transmissions.
`
`-~
`
`l
`
`A time line. represe~tation of .a sig~al 306 from a first
`transmitter is shown inFig. 3(A) anda s,ignal 308 from a second
`transmitter is shown in Fig. 3(B) ,"both. from the pers.pective of a
`
`.. 4 -
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1010
`Page 7 of 145
`
`

`
`'
`
`.,
`
`1
`
`5
`
`receiver located in an overlap area. Vertical dashed lines 300
`.
`. .
`represent baud inte:tvals,on the time axis. ·As can be seen from
`
`Figs. 3(A) and (B), the sign4ls 306 and 3d8 are frequency
`
`modulated between. a high_ and a low frequency value a:nd the signals·
`
`306 and 308 are ·e.xactly "in phase. As. wLl.l be appreciated, the
`
`timing shift petween signals 306 and 308 must be small when
`
`;
`
`compared to the _baud interval s,hown in Figs. 3 (A) and ( B) since
`
`signals 306 and 308 are in synchronizatic;m. Of course, as the
`
`baud interval decrea~es, the .timing shifts will 'likely cause
`
`10
`
`signals _306 and 308 to. be out of synchronizat.i,on.
`
`Figs. 3.(C), (D), and (E) _show the summation of these two
`
`signals 306 and 308 at an equi:-signal boundary, .such as boundary
`
`200 in Fig. 2". · Fig. 3(C) Shows a composite signal .310 indicating
`
`that the fr'equency information remains unchanged, Fig. 3(D) shows
`
`is
`
`a linear graph 312 of the relative phase difference caused by.a:
`
`slight carrier frequency difference between the signals from the
`
`first trans~itter and the-second .. transmitter.
`
`·Fig. 3(E). shows a
`
`composite amplitude signal 314. A noise thre'shold is indicated by
`.
`.
`~he horiz6ntal dashed line 30~ in Flg. 3(E).
`
`'
`
`'
`
`20
`
`Of interest, Fig. 3(E) shows the composite· amplitude· signal.·
`
`31.4 dipping .below the noise threshold. 304 at an anti-phase
`
`condition 302. (e.g., _.when the relative phase angle is ± 180°, ·a.s
`
`shown in Fig. 3 ( D.)). As can be seen from Fig. 3 ( E), the
`
`q.nti-phase.condition 302 caused by the slight :phase shift between·
`
`25
`
`transmitter ·1 and tran.smi tter 2 will not cause any loss of data
`
`LAW OF"FICES
`FINNEGAN, HENDERSON
`fARABOW, GARRETT
`8 DUNNER
`1300 I STREET, N. W.
`WASHINGTON, DC 20005
`1·202·408·4000
`
`30
`
`because the anti-phase conditio1n persists for only a small portion
`
`of the baud interval.
`
`- 5 -
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1010
`Page 8 of 145
`
`

`
`'·
`
`.•'
`
`1
`
`The slight, offset o:f . the carrier f-requertcies, between the
`
`first and· s~cond ·t~a:nsini~ters causes a s:low drift of the relative
`
`phase of the ~wo si.gnals ;".as, ··s.h-own ln Fig~ 3 (,D). When the. signals·
`·are,± 1so 0
`· .o~t o~"phase, .. the.temp_ora-ry di,p l"ir the_ampl·itude
`signal may ·e:a~se the· lqss. of a ·~ew. bits ··in the 9omposite sig,:ia,l,
`
`5.
`
`at worst.. These. etrors can be. counteracted with a conventional
`
`error co"rrecting c"ode,. su~h as is commonly .kno~.,
`
`·Fig. 4 shows a set of similar signals. to those in· Fig. 3, but
`
`wherein the ·signal 402 from the. first transmitter· is. offset from,
`
`10
`
`or out of synchronization with, the signal 404 from the second
`
`tra~smi tter by a full baud.
`
`In particul~r ,·,_signal. 404 lags signal
`...
`402 by one. baud i,nterval. As previously discussed, the offset of
`
`.
`
`signals 402 anff 404 may be cal,lsed by various timing shifts in the
`.
`delivery of .bot.h signals 402 a.nd 404 to a. receiver in-an ove.r·lap
`area. Figs. 4 (A) 'a,rid ( B) illustrate the extreme. case wher~ the
`
`..
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`•
`
`i"
`
`,•
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`·'
`
`.
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`'
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`15
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`LAW OF"F"\CES
`FINNEGAN, HENDERSON
`fARABOW,.,GARRETT
`8 DUNNER
`-ji{'O t STREET, N. W.
`~MilNGTON, DC 20005
`'·202 408-4000
`
`sum of .. these timing' shifts _is. equal to the baud interval_ shown by
`dashed.lines 400~ As can be seen in.Fig.· 4(C), composite signal
`.406.includes a period of indeteririinate:"f:r:equency which undesirably
`covers severai entire baud inte:rvals. an.d, ·.tb~~efore, .successf_ul,:
`demodulation is :impossible· durin.g those·: baud:. intervals. ·· If t.h~.
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`bau:d interval were. increasecL to minimize the' e~fect of these .
`. .
`tim~ng shifts, data loss. would b~ less likely. Therefore·.; it can
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`be seen that the baud rate at which good da,ta , transfer can be ··
`accomplished i.s l,imited by· the· timin<J shifts ··be.tween signals
`delivered to re·ceivers in overlap areas.
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`..: 6 -
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`.
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`Microsoft Ex. 1010
`Page 9 of 145
`
`

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`1
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`Through these examples, it can-be seen that high degr~es of
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`modulation synchronization make it possible to obtain good data
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`demodulation in a simulca·st system. However, the baud rate·
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`;
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`limitation of simulcast systems isi. a significant drawback· and
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`. 5
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`.limits syst,em throughput.
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`~ alternative. to simulcast for wide are.a coverage is
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`assignment of orthogonal, non-overlapping subdivisions of the
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`available system capacity.to adjacent areas. ·Subdivisions can ·be
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`madein time (e.g.; broadcasting the information on the same
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`10
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`frequency in different time e;;lots to adjacent .q.reas), or in
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`15
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`frequency (e.g .. , .broadcast'ing the in.formation simultaneously on
`"
`,
`There •are several .
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`different freq~encies :in adj.a cent areas) i
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`. problems wit;h such. orthogonal ·systems,. how~ver. First,· orthogonal
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`assignm~nts requi~e tuning the receiver to the assigned frequency
`\..
`.
`or time channel fo.r the area in which the receiver currently
`in .the broadcast services every traveler has experienced
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`resides.
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`the frustration of finding the correct channel for their favo+ite
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`·programs. Simulcast .operation avoids the need. for scanning ahd
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`re-tuning as the m()bile 'unit moyep between .. areas. Such scanning
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`20
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`and re-t\ming also disadvantageously increases ~obile unit power
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`·_;.
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`consumption.
`,·
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`Second, and more serious, the orthogonal assignment approach
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`. dra,stic.ally reduces the system throughpti.t capacity as measured in
`biter per Hz because anywhere from 3 to 7, or possibly more,
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`25
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`orthogonal aSS·igil.ments. ~re required to ,obtain continuous area
`
`· LAW oFF•cE.s
`FINNEGAN, HENDERSON·
`fARABOW, GARRETT
`f:i DUNNER
`·· 1300.'I STRE:ET, N. W.
`
`.
`
`'
`
`WASHINGTON, DC 20005
`I ·202 ·408·4000
`
`30
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`coverage ·in most conve.ntio:ili;iL orthogonal 'syst~ms. ; This· wc;iste of·.
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`capacity is: somewhat recouped if the same informB;tion is not
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`7 -
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`Microsoft Ex. 1010
`Page 10 of 145
`
`

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`1
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`5
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`needed thrm1ghout the· service area, because· a given piece of
`.....
`info.rmation is·. sent only to those. cel~s where it is needed.
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`Conventional cellular radio.service is a typical· example of
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`an orthogonal system.
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`In cellular, the .Sam~." frequencies are
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`.reused in spa.tially separated cel'is to·. al.l,ow ·~differ~nt .data to be
`.
`.
`transmitted to different mobile un~ts. 'An:.exaniple of three
`cellular ·arrangements is showri in Fig ... 5 ·where the niimber of cells ·
`(N) is .equal to 3,4, and 7. ·Each. cell:{i.e:,.A,·:8·, c, . . . ) in
`
`.
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`.
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`conventional cellular· service usually only includes a single
`transmitter and operates in a·different fre'lµency or time division
`within the conununiq,~tiqn prc;>toco~.· As shown in Fig,. 5, cellular
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`service generally locates transmitters utilizing the same division
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`(all the ;·'A" transmitters) far enough apart 'to red~ce the
`·likelihood of interference between such· t~ansmitter~. As the
`....
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`riillnber- of:. ce1ls increases, the likelihood of ~~terference
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`t .
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`decreases. For,. ex.ample,· with N=3 as ·shown<by-'.arrangement 500 in
`·"'-· ··,.
`Fig. 3, the<distance between thEf coverage ar.eci. of ."A" ce1ls is
`'.
`about~ cell width, with N=4 in-arrangement· 502 1 · the.distance
`.
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`'
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`between the coverage areas of "A",,cells is slightly larger," and
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`20
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`with N=7 in arrangement 504 the di°stance between "A" c.ells is
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`largerthan the width of one cell.
`
`aowever, as the num})er of cells increases,· the length of the
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`indiviciual·time .intervals per cell 'decreases.for time division
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`multiplexed.systems, thereby de9reasingthe systems total·
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`25
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`information transfer.
`
`In frequency division systems, more ce;·11s
`
`LAW OF"F1CES
`FINNEGAN, HENDERSON
`fARABOW~ GARRETT
`t;i DUNNER
`1300 I STRE:E:T, N. W.
`WASHINGTON, DC 20005
`I ·202 ·408 ·4000
`
`30'
`
`undesirably increases the .freq.uenc::y bandwi9th required.
`
`Therefore, system throughput in. bits per Hz is_. decreased as the
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`(r
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`- 8 -
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`Microsoft Ex. 1010
`Page 11 of 145
`
`

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`I.
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`1
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`5
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`number of cells increases. Furthermore, cellu.lar. systems often
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`· 1
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`require. ·an· electronic "handshake" between system and ~obile unit
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`to . .l.dentify the 'specific cell (i.e. transmitter) in :which the
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`mobile unit is located to allow capacity reuse.
`
`I I .
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`SUMMARY OF. THE.·. INVENTION
`
`The systems and ~ethods of the present in:yention have a wide.
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`var.i,ety of objects and advantages. The syste~s and methods of the
`' .
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`~·.
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`pre~ent invention hav~ as a. primary object to ':provide a
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`communication. system with wide area cov:erage and high mes,sage
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`throughput white mini~izing fr.equency bandwidth usage ...
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`· .. It· is an object ·of th~· invention to provide. a .. simulcast.
`communicatioil.syst~rn .with, a high data.transfer rate which does not
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`·exceed· the baud ·rate limitations of simulca·st tran~mission.
`
`. It is· a further object of the present i,nvention to provide a
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`15
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`communication system which·provides for supe:r;ior data
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`c9mrnunication integrity.
`
`Yet another object.of the invention is to-provide·a mobile
`
`transceiver· unit which prevehts .. ·unnecessary RF interference,
`...
`particularly on comrner.cial aircraft.
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`20
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`Still ;urther; it is an object of the invention to p_rovide a
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`zone based ·cominuhicatioh system which may dynamically redefine'
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`:.·;
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`zone boundaries to -improve inio~atiop· throughput ..
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`Another •. obj.e~t ot the invention ·i~. ~o· ·provide a zone based
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`simulcast·. communication system which can .. e.ffecti vely communicate .
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`25
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`with both .m,op.ile transceiver units. located near .the center of. ea9h
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`'zone as well as mobile transce.i'ver units located .within the
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`overlap areas· betweeri two or'm6re zones.
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`J.
`
`LAW OFF!~ES .
`flNNEGAN, HENDERSON
`FARABOW, GAR.REIT
`8 Dl)NNER
`1300 I STREET,'N. w.
`WASHINGTON, CC 20005
`I ·20~ .. 409 · 4000
`
`30
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1010
`Page 12 of 145
`
`

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`1
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`5
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`Additional ·objects and.advantages of the invention will be·
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`set forth in part in thed,escription which follows, and in part
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`will be. ·obvious from the description, or may be learned by
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`practicing the invention. The objects and advantages of .the
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`invention will be realized arid attained by means of .-the elements
`.
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`and combinations particularly'pointed out in ·the appended claims~
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`. To achieve the objects and in accordance with the purpose of
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`.
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`the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, the
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`invention is directed to a method for information transmission by
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`10
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`a p~urality of transmitters to provide broad communication
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`capab.ility over a'region qi£ space, the information transmission ..
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`occurring during:· at least both ?l first time. period~ and a second.
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`time period. and' the .plurality of transmitters be'ing divided into
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`15
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`at least a first and .second set of transmitters, the method
`comprising the steps of (a) .ge~erating a sy~tem information .signal·
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`which includes a plurality of blocks of information,
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`(b) transmitting the system information signal to. ·the plurality of
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`transmitters:! . ( ~) transmitting by the first and second sets of
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`transmitters a'. first block of information iri simulcast during the, '
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`20
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`.first time.period, (d). t~a~smitting by the first .set of
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`t:2ansmi tters a . s·econd bl~ck of information during the second time
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`period, and (e) transmitting by the second set of transmitters a -
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`third block of information dur~ng the second time period .
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`. . ,;r..
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`In another embodiment,. the invention is directed to a
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`· ·
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`25
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`multi-carrier· simulcast transmission system for transmitting in a
`
`LAW O~F"ICES
`FINNEGAN, HENDERSON
`FARABOW, .GARRETT
`8 DuNNER
`1300 I STREET,, N. W.
`WASHINGTON, DC 20005
`1-202-408-4000
`
`30
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`desired frequency band a message contained in an information
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`signal, the system co~prising a first transmitter ~~ans for
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`I
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`- 10 -
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`Microsoft Ex. 1010
`Page 13 of 145
`
`

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`.J.
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`. '. ·:
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`transmitting an i_nformation ~ignal by generating· a first plurality ·
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`of carrfer·signals_~ithin the desired frequenqy b~nd and_J:>y·
`mo~ulating-t}le first plurality of carrier,s{grials·to convey the ..
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`in.formation ~ignal, and a second t+ans~itter means,· spatially
`. ·:
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`separated £z-om th~ firsttransmittei, for tran~mitting the
`.....
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`information s·ignal in simulcast with the_ first transmitter by
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`gen:el:'.ating a/ seq?nd plurality of carrie·r signals at su~stantially.
`the same irequencies ·as the f ir~·t plurality of ~a~rier .. signals arid
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`by m6dula,ting the second plurality of carrier signals· to convey
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`the information signal.
`In another .einl:,lodiment,· the invention is:directed to.a .
`. communica'tion method implemented. i.n a computer. controlled.
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`co:mm:unication net~ork for locatin!g a mobile. transceiver within. a
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`region of space, the. regioq of space being di~ided into a
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`15
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`plurality of zones with each zone serviced .by at.least one 'base'
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`transmitter and· at least one bgse receiver, the network storing
`data corresponding. to a zone where the. mobile· -transceiver·. was last
`known to be located,· the c~mmunication -m~thod t:omprising ·the .steps -.·
`' .
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`of (a) tra:°-smi"tti;ng a message signal by a ba~e· transmi-tter
`. .
`"servic.ing a· zone where the. mobile trans,eei ver was last known to. be
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`located;· (b) transmitting a s'}istemwide probe .signal,._ by a- plurality
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`of base transmitters servicing a plurality.of ·zones if ·the mobile
`. ·.
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`transceive'r does not indicate rec;:eipt of the message signal from
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`( c'f ·receiving the regional pJ;"pbe signal _by
`the base. transmitter 1
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`the mobile trarisceiver, (d) t'ransmitting an acknowledgment. signal
`...
`by the mobile transceiver irt response to .. the received region·a1
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`probe signal,- -(e) receiviri.g .. ~h~ acknowledgment signal from the
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`/·~·
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`l..AW OF.F"ICES
`FINNEGAN, HENDERSON
`FARABOW, GARRETT
`8 DUNNER
`1300 .J STRE:~, ~ 'w. .·
`WASHINGTON, OC 20005
`1-202 ·4o'8-4000
`
`30
`
`Microsoft Ex. 1010
`Page 14 of 145
`
`

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`.1, ~ .
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`mobile transceiver by a base receiver, and (.f) updating.the data
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`to reflect the zone ~f the base .receiver .that received· the
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`·acknowledgment signal as the· 1ast known location of th.e mobile
`
`transceiver.
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`'
`In yet anothE;!r embodiment, the invention is. directed to a
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`i;nethod of conimuhicating messages. be.tween a plurality of base
`
`'.~
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`transmitters and mobile receivers within a region _of '_space divided
`
`into a plurality of zones with each zone having at· least one base
`., .
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`transmit.tar assigned thereto, the communication meth.od compris·ing
`. .
`the steps of (a) transmittiI1g substantially simultaneously a_ first
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`'
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`information signal.and a second information signal to communicat'e(cid:173)
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`0i
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`messages to the mobile receivers, the first
`nformation signal
`being transmitted in simulcast by a first.set of base transmitters
`.assigned. to a first zone, and the~ second information.signal being
`
`transmitted in simulcast by a second set of base .. transmitters
`.
`.
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`assigned to cf second zone; (b) dynamically reci.ssigning one or more
`.
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`of the base ttansmi tters in the .first. set· of base transmitters ·
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`assigned to· the· first zone to the second set of bas,e ·transmitters·
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`assigned to the s.e.cond .. zone ·as a function of the. messages to _be
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`communicated in an area, thereby ·creatipg-an updated first set of.
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`base transmitters" _apd an updated second set of 'base tra~smitters,
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`and ( c) tr~nsmitting substantiall.Y. simultaneo~s_ly a third
`.
`information· signal and· a fou.rtp.. frtfOJ;mation signal,, the third
`..
`information signal bein<~ trans.mitted. in simulcast by the updated
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`25
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`first set of. base transini tters,. ·a:nd. the fourth information .signal
`
`.
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`.
`.
`LAW OFFICES
`FINNEGAN, HENDERSON
`F/\RABOW, GARRETT
`.[,)DUNNER
`1300 l STREET, N. W.
`~'>..SHINGTON,.OC 20005 .
`· jV1-202-4oe-4000
`
`eing transmitted in simu],cast by the. updated second set of base
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`13
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`- 12 -
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`Microsoft Ex. 1010
`Page 15 of 145
`
`

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`transmitters to communicate additional messages to said iµobile
`'
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`receivers.
`
`In another e~odiment, the.i~vention· is directed to a mobile
`.
`.
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`tr~risceiver. unit f~r tran_smitting messages to and receiving
`messages from a . network cornpri~~ng inpu,t means . for allowing tl:te
`.
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`user to i1,1put a user message to :the u·nit, transmitter means for
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`transmitting a r.adio frequency si9nai inc;:luding .the_ user message
`
`from the mobi.ie unit to . the netwoI;'k, receiver means ·for rece.i:ving
`
`radio· :frequency fiignals having a ~es sage froni ·the network, sign.al
`..
`· detector means for .. detecting at least one type., of elect:r;omagnetic
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`signal generated exter.nal to. the. mobil.e unit· and _the netwo1'k, and.
`
`a c.;i.rcuit, connecting the signai det~ctor means to tl:le transm:itter
`
`:,·
`means, for disc:J:bling·the tramsinitter means u~on'detec::tion of 'the
`
`elect'romagnetic. signal., thereby pr~venting ui:iwanted radio
`
`15
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`frequency· transmission.
`
`In another .e~odiment, the invention i.s directed to a·
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`.
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`'·
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`communication met:.hod for controlling a-mobile transceiver which
`.
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`may communicate with a communicatiph network ¢o~troiled by a
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`20
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`25
`
`LAW OFFICES
`FINNEGAN, HENDERSON
`.. FARAllOW, GARRETT
`S DUNNER
`1300· I STREET, N; W.
`WASHIN.GTON, DC.20005.
`1-202·408·4000
`
`30
`
`I
`J
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`the network :incl~d,ing a plurcii°rty Of base' tra.nsmi tters
`COmputer I
`. .
`.
`.·
`·.
`.
`..
`.
`. for transmitting.messages from the network to the mobile
`.
`tran~ceive~ and. b~s& receivers for receivirig m~ssa~es irom the
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`mobile transceiver, 'themob:i,le transceiver.being capable of
`,·
`.. !
`sending a regis.tration sigpal t.o be received. by. a base receiver in
`the network::.to identify ':the mobile trans,ceiver, s la°cation and the
`
`plurality· of base tI;:l:msmi tters · in th~ · net.wcirk being. capable of
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`sending a . prob~ signal. to the mobile trans.cei ver to: cause the
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`mobile tr·an~ceiveI;' to transmit a ·signal to a _base receiver to
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`- 13.-
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`I
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`.
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`Microsoft Ex. 1010
`Page 16 of 145
`
`

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`··.
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`·.,
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`.
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`·,_.
`identify its location·~ the method comprising the_ st~ps of
`···· ..
`(a-) sending ·a· ·m~~sage from the network to the ~obi le. transceiver·
`.
`. to ~:lisable ·the -inol:;>ile transceiver's capability to transmit a
`.
`registration signal, (b) st9ring thehUmber-'C:>f:probe s,ignals sent·
`'by the network, to the mobile .. ~ransceiver during a' first period of
`"'
`·:.·.
`.