Merriam(cid:173)
`Webster's
`•
`~o e 1ate®
`Dictionary
`
`CJ2,£)
`Eleventh Edition
`
`Fontem Ex. 2002
`R.J. Reynolds Vapor Co. v. Fontem Holdings 1 B.V. IPR2016-01532
`Page 1 of 4
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`

`
`Merriam(cid:173)
`Webster's
`Collegiate®
`Dictionary
`
`ELEVENTH
`EDITION
`
`Merriam-Webster, Incorporated
`Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
`
`Fontem Ex. 2002
`R.J. Reynolds Vapor Co. v. Fontem Holdings 1 B.V. IPR2016-01532
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`

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`- -®----.
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`Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary. - Eleventh ed.
`p.
`cm.
`Includes index.
`(Laminated uniodexed : alk. paper)
`ISBN 978-0-87779-807-1
`(Jacketed hardcover unindexed : alk. paper)
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`(International)
`I. English language-Dictionaries. I. Title: Collegiate dictionary. II. Mcrriam(cid:173)
`Webster. Inc.
`PE1628.M36
`423-dc21
`
`2003
`
`2003003674
`CIP
`
`Merriam-Webster's Collegiate* Dictionary, Eleventh Edition, principal copyright
`2003
`
`COLLEGIATE is a registered trademark of Merriam-Webster, Incorporated
`
`AJI righLS reserved. No part of this book covered by the copyrights hereon may be
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`Made in the United States of America
`
`18th Printing Quad Graphics Versailles KY March 2014
`
`Fontem Ex. 2002
`R.J. Reynolds Vapor Co. v. Fontem Holdings 1 B.V. IPR2016-01532
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`

`
`hou sekeeper • hoy
`
`603
`
`use·keop·cr \-,kc-por\ n ( 1607) 1 : one employed to ma n:iac the
`l't~mestlc duties Involved In malntalnlna n hou.c 2 : llOUSllWIPU I
`•ousekceplng n (1 550) 1 : the rnnnogemcn r or a house :uid h!>me :if.
`'' t11rs 2 : rho cnrc nnd management or property and th e provllion or
`~uipment and scrvi~s (as for nn indusirfal orgn.niz.itlon) 3 : the rou(cid:173)
`~ wks Illar mll$t be done in order for a system to function or to
`runction efficiently
`t ou·sOI \ 'bail·z:>l\ n C:ME. fr. OE hilstl sacrin~. Eucharist: akin to Goth
`"'1µ1n.1I sacrillce) (bcf. 12c) archaic : the Eucharis t or the l\ct or ndminis·
`erin& or rccelvln11 it
`0usel •·t (be/. 12c) archaic : co :idmlnbtcr communion ro
`: 1
`h ouse-lcok \ 'hniis-11ck\ n (14<:) : n plnk-nowcrcd lhkk·lcaved Europe·
`h 311 plant (Scmpcn•mm1 1ect0nm1) or the orplnc family thnr tends to
`conn c lusters ol ro~cctes nnd is olcc n grown In rock l)nrdens; broadly
`• SS.'trllRVJVUM
`rr'ouse·llghts \'hMls-,Urs\n pl (1920): the llahlS Ilise Illuminate the au(cid:173)
`ditorium cl a lbenter
`houso· mOld \ 'h•lis -,mid\ n {ca. 1 69~): a slrl or womnn who Is a scr·
`,~r cmplO)'Cd ro do housework
`11ousem:ild's knoo n (fr. llS occurrence :unong women who work 3
`gtc'lt de.'ll on their koees) (1831) : "swelling over the knee due co an
`enlllfllCOlCnl or the burs• In the front or the patella
`hOUSO· mOn \ 'hni1s· mon, ·,mnn\ /1 (1920): a l)Crson who perfonns sen·
`era! worl: about a house or holcl
`house•mas-ter \-,m:i.s-t:r\ n {1884) : a mllSlcr in charge or a house In n
`boy's boatdlng school
`house-mnlo \'hnlis·,m~r\ n (ca. 1810): a person who llves in the same
`boUSC "Ith another
`house-molh·or \ ' haiis-,m>l.har\ n {1882) : :l wom:in ncuna :is hostess.
`chaperone, and often housekeeper In a group residence
`house mouso /1 {IS77) : a common nearly cosmopolit:in grnyish•
`brown nHmsc (N11.f /1lllSC11/11.<) that u su. lives nnd breeds about build·
`ings, may act ns a vector of diseases, and is nn Important laboratory nn-
`~giu-;o o f assembly {1653) : a kaistau,.., body or the lower house or"
`lcgidnturc (as in various Drltish colonies. protectonucs, and coun tries
`ol lhe Cornrnonwerutb or Notions)
`House o l Burgesses (1658) : the colonial rcprcscncarlve assembly or
`Virginia
`.
`house of ca1ds { 1645): a stnacture. situation. or Institution that Ism·
`substnnclnl. shnky, or in consrnnt danger or collapse
`House o f Commons (1621) : 1he lower house of the British nnd Cana(cid:173)
`dian parlllunenlS
`houso o f correction (ca. IS76): a penal Institution for persons con·
`victed or. minor orlcnse and considered capable or rcronnatlon
`house o f d ologo tos (1783) : 11ouss 6a: dp : the lower house ol rhe
`sute 1cal1l>1urc In t\l3ryland. Virginia. and West Virginia
`House of Lords {1643) : the upper house or the Urillsb P:ull:unent
`com~d ol 1hc lords temporal and spiritual
`house o f roprosontatlvos ( 17 16): chc lower hmasc of a lealslnilvc
`body (:>s rhe U.S. Congress)
`house of s tudies ( 1929) : nn educational insli1111lon scrvina scholars
`or a rclisjous order -
`called ttlso Ji~ of smdy
`house 019an 11 (1907): •periodical distributed by n business concern
`nmong its employees. sales personnel. or customers
`house.palnt·or \'hails-,pin·t~r\ n ( 1688) : one whose bll$lness or occu·
`pation is paintina houses
`bOUSO•PBr•ent \-,per·ont\ n ( 1944): an adult In charge of a dormitory,
`hall. hostel. o r l!ro up 1esidcncc
`house party 11 (1876) : a p:arty l:urlng over one o r n>orc nighlS nr a res·
`idcncc {as a home or fraternity house)
`houSO•POr·son \ ' bails.-,p•r-s•n\ /1 (1974) : a person who docs housc-
`keepln11
`.
`houso·plnn t \ ' hails·,plnnr\ 11 ( 1871): a plane grown or kept mdoors
`houso-proud \ 'hails-,pralid\ ad) (18-19) rh/Qly Brit : proud of one's
`hol15<; or houscl.ccping
`.
`.
`hous•OI \'hoi1·10r\ n (19-IO): one that promotes or administers housma
`projects
`hou so-rnls· lng \ 'hails·,r:\-1Ju\ /1 (1704): the Joint erection ol a house
`or its rramework by a g."hcring ol nclahbors
`.
`hou so•toom \·,rum. -,riim\ n (1S8l): space for accommodation !nor
`as if Inn house (given -
`by ra family nil too eoger to hnvc a cclchnty In
`their midst -Walter Kerr)
`house rule n (1947) : a nalc (:is in a g;unc) that applies only Mnong a
`~n:lln group or in a ~n:lln pla~
`house scat n (1948) : a the.~rer sc>l reserved by the m:uiagemenr !or"
`special guest
`houso sitter 11 ( 1966): n person who occupies a dwelling 10 provide se(cid:173)
`curity and maintenance while the tenant is '"""Y - house-s it
`\ 'hntihhsil\ •1 - houso-slt-tln g \-,si -tio\ /1
`hou se s porrow 11 (1674) : a sparrow (Passer dome$tlcus) native to Eur(cid:173)
`asia that has been lntroduc.ed worldwide nnd Is found esp. in urban :ind
`agrjcultur:il arc:u -
`called :llso Efl8/ish sparrow
`house>-to-houso \bails·t>'ha111\ ndi (18S9) : aolng or done by goina
`from one building 10 the next <- O&hling)
`house· top \ 'hniis-,tap\ /1 (1 526): ROOF; ap : 1hc level surface or" Ont
`rool -
`from tho hou solops : for all 10 hear : OPBl'LY (shoutlllll
`their Mrlcv:incc•from the hoi<tttoPS)
`hou s e trailer /1 (1937): MOUILll llOMll
`hou se>-lrnin \ 'haiis-,tr:ln\ "t (1924) cl!ie/I)' Brit: llOtJSllDRl!JIK
`house.wares \ 'haus-,wcn\ 11 pl (1898) : lurnlshlnwi !or.• house: t'SfJ
`: small anicle• of household equipment (as cook Ina utensils)
`houso·worm·lng \'houS-,\\6r·mlo\ n (IS77) : • p:1rty ro ~lcbratc the
`takin& possession of a house or premises
`house-wife \ 'h•lis-.wif: C.•T• 1 & '" earl)• poetry ' h:>-z.of or · s"f\ n. pl
`houso·wlvos \ ' hatis-,wlvz also ' hnuz-,wiv.i;; ' h>z:.>f•. ·z.:>V2. -sofs. ·s:>VL\
`(13c) 1 : a married woman in charge or a household 2: a pocket-size
`conroincr for small articles (:is thread) -
`house•wifo·ll·noss \-le·
`n~s\ ,, - hou so -wifo·IY \·le\ ntU - houso·wlf·orv \.,wi-f(:>-)n!; Brit
`house·wlf·DY \ 'hnlis-,wi-fC\ ntU
`-{,)wl·r(o-)re also ' h:>·z.:>·fr6\ /1 -
`hOUSO•WOrk \ ' haiis-,wark\ 11 ( J83S) : the work or huusckcepillll
`' housing n (14c) 1 a: Sll llLTUR. LODOL'<O b: dwellings provided for
`people 2 0 : 3 niche (or a sculpture b : the •pace Uken out Of •
`stnaccural mcmbcr{a.s a timber) co admit the Insertion of pan of :ut~lh·
`
`er 3 : somechlnll thnt covers or protects: :is a : n case or enclosure
`(:is !or a mcchanlcnl part or an Instrument) b : n ca.sing (:is :ut en·
`closed bcarlna) In which :i shaft rc,•olves c : a support (:is n frnme) for
`mechanical parls
`' h o u sing n !ME, fr. house housing (fr. AF J111ce. houcc, or Gmc origin)+
`·illJJ' aldu to M 110 lwl/I coverlnij) (I Sc) : CAI' ARIS ON 1
`hou sin g development n (1951) : a group or individual dwellings or
`apanmcnt hou~ typically or similar dcsl&n that arc usu. built and sold
`or leased by one m:uinaement
`housing esta te n ( 1920) Brit: llOU~INO DBVELOPMllNT
`hous ing proJoc t" (ca. 1937) : n publicly supported nnd administered
`houslna dcvclopmenl pl:mncd usu. for low-Income f3milles
`Hou·yhn·hnm \'hwl-nam, bil-'l·norn\ n ( 1726) : a member or n nee o r
`horses endowed whh rc:ison in Swift's G1111ircr's Trm•cls
`liOV abbr high-occupancy vehicle
`hovo past and past part <l{HEAVll
`hov-ol \ 'h:.-vol, 'hi·\ n [MEI (ISc) 1 : an open shed or •hdrcr 2: TAD·
`BRNACLE 3 : n small. wretched, and often dirty house : llllT
`hov•o r \ ' h>v>r, 'M·\ ''' hov-erod; hov·or·lng \-\(:>·)rlo\ !l'>IE ho•·erm.
`freq. of lio•·m Ill hover) (ISc) 1 0 : co hang llu11crlng In Che air o r on
`the wing b : 10 rcm•ln suspended over a place or object 2 a : 10
`move to and fro nc.1f > place : nueru:ltc around n given point (uncm·
`ploymcnt -et/ around 10 percent) b : to be inn stare or uncertainty,
`Irresolution. or suspense - hover /1 -
`h ov-er·er \·vor-:>r\ "
`hov-er-craft \-vor-,Jcrah\ n (19S9) : n vehicle that Is supp0r1cd above
`the surface or land or water by " cushion or air produced by down·
`wanlly directed fans
`hov•er·llY \ 'h:.-vor-,m. ' ht\-\ n (1881) : >ny o f a family (Syrphldae) or
`dipCCr:lll Oles th3t MC noted for frequenting Oowcrs nnd hovering. at
`one place in the 3Jr and Include .omc "'hose larvae prey on plant hcc
`-
`cnllcd also S)rphld fly
`' how \ 'hni1\ adv [ME, Ir. OE lai; nkl n 10 OllG lnvuo hnw, OE Jnwi who
`- more at w11ol (bcf. 12c) 1 D: In what manner or wny b: for whnc
`reason : WJIY c : \\1th what meaning : ro wbar cfrccl d : by whsc
`name or lirlc 2: to what dearcc or extent 3: in \\hat state or condl·
`lion ( - 3.re YOU) 4 : 3t What prlC:C (-a score or C\\C! now -Shak.)
`- how about : wh•C do you say ro or ch ink or <.how flbour It, arc you
`golna?> -
`h ow como: how does It boppcn that : w11v
`2 how conj {bcf. 12c) 1 :i : the "'"'Y or manner in which (remember -
`they fought); also : the stare or condition in which b : TICAT (to!d
`he had n situntlon -Charles Dickens) 2 : llOWBVUR, AS (a
`chem -
`re.1dcr can shift his atlcn tlon -
`he likes - Wllliam Ernrson)
`3how n {IS33) 1 : a question about manner or mclhod 2 : MANNllR.
`Ml!TilOD
`'how-be-It \hail·' bC·at\ conj ( l ~): ALTIIOUOll
`2 howbolt adv (I Sc) : NBVRRTIIBLIJSS
`how·dah \ ' hau-da\ n (llindl & Urdu hauda, fr. /\r
`hawdt11l (1774) : a scat or co'-crcd pavilion on the
`back or 3n eleph:uit or came.I
`hoW·dY \ 'hni1-da\ Interj [alter. ol how do ye) (1712)
`h owdy •'b
`used to express grcctlni -
`-
`howo \ ' hail. 'h6\ n [ME (nonhcrn) loo// hollow
`place. fr. OE 110/. fr. ho/, 3dJ .. hollow - more at
`110LE) {bd. 11c) Scot: HOLLOW, VAi.LEY
`1how•OV•Or \h>1\.'c·vor\ conj {Mc) 1 : In wh31C\•cr
`manner or way that (will he.Ip -
`I c:ui) 2 arcJwlc
`: ALTllOUOll
`2 however adv (l•k:) 1 :i : in "hatcver manner or
`way (shall serve you, sir, truly, -
`else -Shak.) b
`: to whatever dcQrcc or extent ( hns done this ror(cid:173)
`many thousands of years - Emma 1 lnwkridgc) 2
`: In spite of rhnr : on the other hand (sllll seems
`possible, - . clmt conditions "111 Improve) (would
`like to go:-. I tl1ink I'd bct1er 11<>1) 3 : how in the
`world <-did you m•n>gc to do It)
`howtf or how1 \'haw. ' h6f\n ro hof enclosure: akin
`to OE h<l(enclosurc. and perh. ro Jnefi/ hill) (1711)
`Scot : HAUNT, 1u:;soRT
`how-lt•Zer \ 'lrn1i-at·sor\ ro (D lrtmw/tser. u ltim. fr. C1cch linitfnice bnl·
`lisral (1695): a short cannon u<cd co Ore projc.ccllc< ac medium muulc
`velocities :ind with relatively hlah trajectories
`howl \ ' hau(-o)l\ •·b [ME looulen; nkln to MMG h/11/e.. co howl) •·i (He)
`1 : to cmll 11 loud susinined dolefu l sound charnctcrbtic or members llf
`the dog family 2 : to cry 0111 loudly and without restraint under
`strona impulse (as 1>3Jn. grief, or amusement) 3 : ro go on 3 spree or
`rampage_., 1 : to uucr with unrest mined outcry 2 : ro drown our
`or cause to fal l by adverse outcry -
`used esp. \\ith down -
`howl n
`howl·cr \ ' hnu ·l>r\ 11 (1800) 1 n : H OWLER MONKUY b : one thnr
`howls 2 : a humorous and ridic ulous blunder
`howler monke y n (1932): any or n genus Vf/0110110) of So. and Central
`American monkeys 1hnr hnvc" long prehens ile tnll and enlnrgcmcnr or
`the hyoid nnd lnryngcnl nppnracus e nabling them to mttke lou\I howllnl!
`nol=
`howl·lng \ ' hali-liQ\adJ (1599) 1 : producing or marked by n sound re·
`storm) 2: OESOU.TI!, 'l\1Lfl (a -
`scmblina n ho"' I (a -
`"ildem=>
`3 : very grcot : PRO:-IOU:-<CED (a -
`success) -
`h owl·ing·IY adv
`hOW• SO•OV·Or \hail-s;,-•we-v:>r, ·s6-'c-\adv( l·IC) 1 : In whntever man·
`ner 2 : to wht\tcvcr degree or c:xtcnt
`'how-to \ ' hati-'tll\ ad) (1926) : alvlna prnctical in\lrucrion and advice
`(ns on a emit)<- books on all sorts or hobbies -
`llarry 11..Uc)
`2 how- to /1 ( 19Sil) : a prncricnl method or instruc tio n ( the -s o f balanc(cid:173)
`inll 3 checkbook); 11lso : somc lhlng (ns n book) Chai provides such In·
`structlon
`'hoy \'h6i\ lntnj [MEI (14c)- used In at1rac1in11 at1entlon or In dri•ln11
`21l6'i";,3l~m. rr. l\lD hocil (I S<:)
`t : a small usu. sloop-rigged co:iscln11
`ship 2 : a heavy barge for bulky cargo
`
`howdah
`
`\~\ nbuc \'\ ki11en. I' table \or\ rurther \a\ osh \~\ nee \~\mop, mnr
`\e\ cnsy \g\ 1:0 \I\ hit \i\ Ice \i\ Job
`\au\ uuc
`\ch\ eh in
`\c\ b<!I
`\o\ sint: \ii\ ao \6\ law \6i\ boy \ Ch\ 1hin \lb\ 1hc \ii\ loot \u\ foot
`\1,,. •, o:. tc. '\set! Gulde 10 Pronuncia1ion
`\y\ )Cl
`\1h\ "~Ion. bc11:c
`
`Fontem Ex. 2002
`R.J. Reynolds Vapor Co. v. Fontem Holdings 1 B.V. IPR2016-01532
`Page 4 of 4