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`Apple v. PMC
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`Apple v. PMC
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`

`
`
`
`UNITED STATES PATENT APPLICATION
`
`_ or
`
`JOHN C. HARVEY AND JAMES W. CUDDIHY
`
`Eon
`
`SIGNAL PROCESSING APPARATUS AND METHODS
`
`."""'T
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`
`
` ,3-' ocsssme APPARATUS AND METHODS
`
`
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
`
`........
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`................
`
`10
`
`SUMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`.
`
`.
`
`. .
`
`. . .
`
`. .........
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`..... .
`
`. .
`
`.
`
`. ..
`
`‘DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
`
`.
`
`.
`
`. . ....
`
`15
`
`ONE COMBINED MEDIUM
`
`........... .
`
`. . .
`
`THE SIGNAL PROCESSOR
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`. ...... .
`
`. . .
`
`.
`
`.
`
`. ..
`
`. ..
`
`20
`
`SIGNAL DECODERS
`
`......................
`
`THE SIGNAL PROCESSOR SYSTEM
`
`.. .
`
`.
`
`. .
`
`. . . .......
`
`1
`
`1
`
`ll
`
`15
`
`19
`
`19
`
`28
`
`34
`
`38
`
`INTRODUCTION TO THE SIGNALS OF THE INTEGRATED SYSTEM ..
`
`40
`
`25
`
`COMANDS,
`...
`THE COMPOSITION OF SIGNAL INFORMATION
`INFORMATION SEGMANTS, AND PADDING BITS
`........
`43
`
`30
`
`... MESSAGES, CADENCE
`THE ORGANIZATION OF MESSAGE STREAMS
`INFORMATION, AND END OF FILE SIGNALS
`........
`
`DETECTING END OF FILE SIGNALS
`
`.
`
`. .
`
`. .
`
`. .........
`
`35
`
`59
`
`69
`
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`84
`
`36
`
`93
`
`108
`
`126
`
`134
`
`143
`
`156
`
`162
`
`181
`
`193
`
`197
`
`225
`
`246
`
`248
`
`THE NORMAL TRANSMISSION LOCATION
`
`uuquoouuuon.
`
`OPERATING
`
`SIGNAL PROCESSOR SYSTEMS ...
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`OPERATING
`
`SIGNAL PROCESSOR SYSTEMS ...
`
`EXAMPLE #1
`
`EXAMPLE #1 (SECOND MESSAGE)
`
`EXAMPLE #1 (THIRD MESSAGE)
`
`EXAMPLE #1 (A FOURTH MESSAGE)
`
`o
`
`o
`
`o o
`
`o
`
`OPERATING
`
`S.
`
`P. SYSTEMS
`
`OPERATING
`
`S.
`
`P. SYSTEMS
`
`OPERATING
`
`S.
`
`P. SYSTEMS
`
`OPERATING
`
`SIGNAL PROCESSOR SYSTEMS ...
`
`EXAMPLE #2
`
`n
`
`THE PREFERRED CONFIGURATION OF CONTROLLER,
`205C.
`CONTROLLER,
`
`39,
`
`AND SPAM-
`oo-oa.oo
`
`OPERATING
`
`S.
`
`P. SYSTEMS
`
`OPERATING
`
`S.
`
`P. SYSTEMS
`
`0
`
`o
`
`EXAMPLE #3
`
`EXAMPLE #3
`
`(SECOND MESSAGE)
`
`OPERATING
`
`S. P. SYSTEMS ... EXAMPLE #3
`
`(THIRD MESSAGE)
`
`OPERATING
`
`SIGNAL PROCESSOR SYSTEMS ...
`
`EXAMPLE #4
`
`0
`
`OPERATING
`
`S. P. SYSTEMS ... EXAMPLE #4
`
`(SECOND MESSAGE)
`
`OPERATING
`
`S. P. SYSTEMS ... EXAMPLE #4
`
`(THIRD MESSAGE)
`
`OPERATING
`
`SIGNAL PROCESSOR SYSTEMS ...
`
`EXAMPLE #5
`
`OPERATING
`
`SIGNAL PROCESSOF SYSTEMS ... SIGNAL RECORD TRANSFER
`271
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
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`
`REGULATING THE RECEPTION AND,USE OF PROGRAMMING
`
`...
`
`(INCLUDING EXAMPLE #6)
`........
`278
`
`OPERATING S. P. REGULATING SYSTEMS
`
`...
`
`EXAMPLE #7
`
`MONITORING RECEIVER STATION RECEPTION AND OPERATION
`
`.
`
`.
`
`288
`
`312
`
`AUTOMATING INTERMEDIATE TRANSMISSION STATIONS
`
`........
`
`324
`
`AUTOMATING INTERMEDIATE TRANSMISSION STATIONS ... EXAMPLE #8
`........
`340
`
`AUTOMATING INTERMEDIATE STATION COMBINED MEDIUM OPERATIONS
`...
`
`(INCLUDING EXAMPLE #9)
`354
`
`NETWORK CONTROL OF INTERMEDIATE GENERATING AND EMBEDDING
`
`one
`
`EXAMPLE #10
`374
`
`AUTOMATING ULTIMATE RECEIVER STATIONS
`
`...-o¢ooo..
`
`390
`
`MORE REGARDING THE PREFERRED CONTROLLER OF A SPAM DECODER
`........
`396
`
`AUTOMATING U. R. STATIONS ... REGULATING STATION ENVIRONMENT
`. .
`.
`. .
`. ..
`396
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`AUTOMATING U. R. STATIONS ... COORDINATING A STEREO SIMULCAST
`........
`406
`
`AUTOMATING U. R. STATIONS ...
`
`RECEIVING SELECTED PROGRAMING
`-.--.-.-
`419
`
`35
`
`-iii-
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`...
`... MORE ON EXAMPLE #7
`AUTOMATING U. R. STATIONS
`RECEIVING SELECTED PROGRAMMING AND COMBINING
`
`SELECTED URS MICROCOMPUTERS, 205, AUTOMATICALLY
`TO THE COMPUTER SYSTEM OF A SELECTED
`
`5
`
`PROGRAMMING TRANSMISSION
`
`........
`
`427
`
`CONTROLLING COMPUTER-BASED COMBINED MEDIA OPERATIONS
`
`TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING PROGRAM INSTRUCTION SETS
`
`.
`
`.
`
`447
`
`457
`
`10
`
`-
`AUDIO OVERLAYS AND OTHER OVERLAYS
`
`.
`
`.
`
`. .
`
`. . ...
`
`..
`
`463
`
`AUTOMATING U. R. STATIONS
`
`...
`
`EXAMPLES #9 AND #10 CONTINUED
`
`COORDINATING COMPUTERS, TELEVISION, AND PRINT
`
`15
`
`........
`
`459
`
`PREPROGRAMING RECEIVER STATION OPERATING SYSTEMS
`
`...
`
`516
`
`THE PREFERRED SPAM HEADER
`
`.... . . . .
`
`. .
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`. .
`
`.
`
`. ..
`
`532
`
`20
`
`_
`A SUMARY EXAMPLE #11 ... AND THE GENERAL CASE
`
`.....
`
`533
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`iv-
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`

`
`SIGNAL QESSING APPARATUS
`
`D FIE‘
`
`S
`
`CROSS-REIEERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
`
`
`
` filed May 3,
`
`as a continuation
`
`
`
`25, 1990, which was a
`
`96, filed Sept. 11, 1987,
`B29, 531,
`o’ Patent App.
`
`App. 349,225, filed March 10,
`of Patent App. 583,126, filed
`continuation of Patent
`which was a cont
`—-ation-in-p—-
`
`
`filed Feb
`-, 1986, which wa— a continuation of Patent app.
`
`19,
`filed Nov. 3,
`
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`5
`
`10
`
`C
`
`0
`
`20
`
`7
`25
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`C
`
`0 35
`
`The invention relates to an integrated system of
`
`programming communication and involves the fields of computer
`processing, computer communications, television, radio, and
`other electronic communications; the fields of automating the
`
`handling, recording, and retransmitting of television, radio,
`computer, and other electronically transmitted programming:
`
`and the fields of regulating, metering, and monitoring the
`availability, use, and usage of such programming.
`For years, television has been recognized as a most
`powerful medium for communicating ideas. And television is
`so-called "user-friendly": that is, despite technical
`complexity,
`television is easy for subscribers to use.
`Radio and electronic print services such as stock
`so-called "tickers" and "broad tapes" are also
`
`brokers‘
`
`powerful, user friendly mass media.
`(Hereinafter, the
`electronic print mass medium is called, "broadcast print.")
`But television, radio, and broadcast print are only
`
`Program content is the same for every viewer.
`mass media.
`occasionally one viewer may see, hear, or read information of
`
`specific relevance to him (as happens when a guest on a
`"Hi, H0111") ,
`television talk show turns to the camera and says,
`
`30
`
`but such electronic media have no capacity for conveying user
`
`specific information simultaneously to each user.
`For years, computers have been recognized as having
`unsurpassed capacity for processing and displaying user
`specific information.
`
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`But computer processing is not a mass medium.
`Computers‘operate under the control of computer programs
`that are inputted by specific users for specific
`
`purposes, not programs that are broadcast to and
`executed simultaneously at the stations of mass user
`audiences. And computer processing is far less user
`
`television.
`friendly than, for example,
`Today great potential exists for combining the
`
`10
`
`capacity of broadcast comunications media to convey
`ideas with the capacity of computers to process and
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`output user specific information. One such combination
`would provide a new radio~based or broadcast print
`medium with the capacity for conveying general
`information to large audiences -- e-g., “Stock prices
`
`rose today in heavy trading," -- with information of
`specific relevance to each particular user in the
`audience -- e.g., "but the value of your stock portfolio
`went down."
`(Hereinafter,
`the new media that result
`from such combinations are called "combined" media-)
`
`Unlocking this potential is desirable because
`these new media will add substantial richness and
`
`information and
`variety to the communication of ideas,
`entertainment. Understanding complex subjects and
`
`making informed decisions will become easier.
`To unlock this potential fully requires means
`and methods for combining and controlling receiver
`
`systems that are now separate -- television and
`computers, radio and computers, broadcast print and
`computers,
`television and computers and broadcast print,
`etc.
`
`But it requires much more.
`To unlock this potential fully requires a
`
`system with efficient capacity for satisfying the
`demands of subscribers who have little receiver
`
`apparatus and simple information demands as well as
`subscribers who have extensive apparatus and complex
`
`demands.
`
`It requires capacity for transmitting and
`
`organizing_vastly more information and programing than
`
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`any one-channel transmission system can possibly convey at
`one time.
`It requires capacity for controlling intermediate
`transmission stations that receive information and
`
`programming from many sources and for organizing the
`5 information and programming and retransmitting the
`information and programming so as to make the use of the
`information and programming at ultimate receiver stations as
`efficient as possible.
`
`To unlock this potential also requires efficient
`
`19 capacity for providing reliable audit information to (l)
`advertisers and others who pay for the transmission and
`
`performance of programming and (2) copyright holders, pay
`service operators, and others such as talent who demand,
`instead,
`to be paid. This requires capacity for identifying
`15 and recording (1) what television, radio, data, and other
`programming and what instruction signals are transmitted at
`each transmission station and (2) what is received at each
`
`receiver station as well as (3) what received programming is
`combined or otherwise used at each receiver station and (4)
`how it is received, combined, and/or otherwise used.
`Moreover, this system must have the capacity to ensure
`
`20
`
`that programming supplied for pay or for other conditional
`use is used only in accordance with those conditions.
`For
`
`— example, subscriber station apparatus must display the
`commercials that are transmitted in transmissions that
`25
`
`The system must have capacity for
`advertisers pay for.
`decrypting,
`in many varying ways, programming and instruction
`signals that are encrypted and for identifying those who
`pirate programming and inhibiting piracy.
`It‘ is the object of this invention to unlock this
`
`30
`
`great potential in the fullest measure by means of an
`integrated system of programming communication that joins
`together all these capacities most efficiently.
`Computer systems generate user specific information,
`35but in any given computer system, any given set of program
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`5
`
`10
`
`15
`
`instructions that causes and controls the generation of user
`
`specific information is inputted to only one computer at a
`time.
`‘
`
`Computer communications systems do transmit data
`
`The Dataspeed Corporation division of
`point—to-multipoint.
`Lotus Development Corporation of Cambridge, Massachusetts
`transmits real-time financial data over radio frequencies to
`
`microcomputers equipped with devices called "modios" that
`and
`combine the features of radio receivers, modems,
`
`The Equatorial Communications Company of
`decryptors.
`Mountain View, California transmits to similarly equipped
`
`receiver systems by satellite. At each receiver station,
`
`apparatus receive the particular transmission and convert its
`data content into unencrypted digital signals that computers
`
`"Each subscriber programs his subscriber station
`can process.
`apparatus to select particular data of interest.
`This prior art is limited.
`It only transmits data: it
`does not control data processing.
`No system is preprogrammed
`to simultaneously control a plurality of central processor
`
`20
`
`units, operating systems, and pluralities of computer
`peripheral units. None has capacity to cause simultaneous
`
`generation of user specific information at a plurality of
`receiver stations. None has any capacity to cause subscriber
`
`station computers to process received data, let alone in ways
`that are not inputted by the subscribers. None has any
`
`25
`
`capacity to explain automatically why any given information
`might be of particular interest to any subscriber or why any
`subscriber might wish to select information that is not
`selected or how any subscriber might wish to change the way
`selected information is processed.
`
`30
`
`As regards broadcast media, systems in the prior art
`have capacity for receiving and displaying multiple images on
`television receivers simultaneously.
`one such system for
`
`superimposing printed characters transmitted incrementally
`during the vertical blanking interval of the television
`
`35
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`
`to
`to
`
`scanning format is described in U. 5. Patent to Kimura No.
`3,391,792. U.S. Patent to Baer No. 4,310,854 describes a
`second system for continuously displaying readable
`alphanumeric captions that are transmitted as digital data
`superimposed on a normal FM sound signal and that relate in
`program content to the conventional television information
`upon which they are displayed. These systems permit a viewer
`to view a primary program and a secondary program.
`This prior art, too,
`is limited.
`It has no capacity
`overlay any information other than information transmitted
`all receiver stations simultaneously.
`It has no capacity
`overlay any such information except in the order in which
`is received.
`It has no capacity to cause receiver station
`computers to generate any information whatsoever, let alone
`user specific information.
`It has no capacity to cause
`overlays to commence or cease appearing at receiver stations,
`let alone commence and cease appearing periodically.
`As regards the automation of intermediate transmission
`stations, various so—called "cueing" systems in the prior art
`operate in conjunction with network broadcast transmissions
`to automate the so—called'"cut—in" at local television and
`radio stations of locally originated programming such as so-
`
`to
`
`it
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`called "local spot“ advertisements.
`Also in the prior art, U.S. Patent to Lambert No.
`4,331,522 describes a cable television system controlled by a
`minicomputer that responds to signals transmitted from
`viewers by telephone.
`In response to viewers‘ input
`preferences,
`the computer generates a schedule which
`determines what prerecorded, so-called local origination
`programs will be transmitted, when, and over what channels.
`The computer generates a video image of this schedule which
`it transmits over one cable channel to viewers which permits
`them to see when they can view the programs they request and
`Then,
`over what channels.
`in accordance with the schedule,
`it actuates preloaded video tape, disc or film players and
`
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`
`transmits the programming transmissions from these players to
`
`the designated cable channels by means of a controlled video
`switch.
`
`too, is limited. It has no capacity to
`This prior art,
`schedule automatically or transmit any programming other than
`that loaded immediately at the play heads of the controlled
`
`It has no capacity to load the video players
`video players.
`or identify what programming is loaded on the players or
`verify that scheduled programs are played correctly.
`It has
`
`no capacity to cause the video players to record programming
`from any source.
`It has no capacity to receive programming
`transmissions or process received transmissions in any way.
`It has no capacity to operate under the control of
`instructions transmitted by broadcasters.
`It has no capacity
`
`in
`to insert signals that convey information to or control,
`any way,
`the automatic operation of ultimate receiver station
`apparatus other than television receivers.
`As regards the automation of ultimate receiver
`stations,
`in the prior art, U.S. Patent to Bourassin et al.
`No. 4,337,430 describes a dynamic interconnection system for
`connecting at least one television receiver to a plurality of
`television peripheral units.
`By means of a single remote
`
`keyboard, a viewer can automatically connect and disconnect
`any of the peripheral units without the need manually to
`switch systems or fasten and unfasten cabling each time.
`addition, using a so—called "image-within-image" capacity,
`the viewer can superimpose a secondary image from a second
`
`In
`
`peripheral unit upon the primary image on the television
`In this fashion,
`two peripheral units can be viewed
`display.
`simultaneously on one television receiver. U.S. Patent to
`
`Freeman et. al. No. 4,264,925 describes a multi-channel
`programming transmission system wherein subscribers may
`select manually among related programming alternatives
`transmitted simultaneously on separate channels.
`_
`I
`It has no capacity
`This prior art,
`too,
`is limited.
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
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`35
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`
`for interconnecting or operating a system at any time other
`than the time when the order to do so is entered manually at
`
`It has no capacity for acting
`the system or remote keyboard.
`on instructions transmitted by broadcasters to interconnect,
`
`actuate or tune systems peripheral to a television receiver
`or to actuate a television receiver or automatically change
`
`It has no capacity for
`channels received by a receiver.
`coordinating the programming content transmitted by any given
`peripheral system with any other programming transmitted to a
`television receiver.
`It has no capacity for controlling two
`
`10
`
`for example, an automatic radio and
`separate systems such as,
`television stereo simulcast.
`It has no capacity for
`
`15
`
`20
`
`selectively connecting radio receivers to radio peripherals
`such as computers or printers or speakers or for connecting
`computers to computer peripherals (except perhaps a
`television set).
`It has no capacity for controlling the
`
`operation of decryptors or selectively inputting
`transmissions to decryptors or outputting transmissions from
`
`It has no capacity for
`decryptors to other apparatus.
`monitoring and maintaining records regarding what programming
`is selected or played on any apparatus or what apparatus is
`connected or how connected apparatus operate.
`
`The prior art includes a variety of systems for
`monitoring programming and generating so-called "ratings."
`one system that monitors by means of embedded digital signals
`et al. No.
`Patent to Haselwood,
`is described in U.S.
`
`25
`
`4,025,351.
`
`Another that monitors by means of audio codes
`
`that are only "substantially inaudible" is described in U.S.
`Patent to Crosby No. 3,845,391.
`A third that automatically
`monitors a plurality of channels by switching sequentially
`among them and that includes capacity to monitor audio and
`visual quality is described in U.S. Patent to Greenberg No.
`4,547,804.
`This prior art,
`
`is limited.
`
`It has capacity to
`
`30
`
`too,
`
`35
`
`monitor only single broadcast stations, channels or units and
`
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`
`lacks capacity to monitor more than one channel at a time or
`to monitor the combining of media. At any given monitor
`
`station, it has had capacity to monitor either what is
`transmitted over one or more channels or what is received on
`one or more receivers but not both.
`It has assumed monitored
`
`signals of particular format in particular transmission
`locations and has lacked capacity to vary formats or
`
`locations or to distinguish and act on the absence of signals
`
`10
`
`or to interpret and process in any fashion signals that
`appear in monitored locations that are not monitored signals.
`It has lacked capacity to identify encrypted signals then
`
`It has lacked capacity to record and also
`decrypt them.
`transfer information to a remote geographic location
`simultaneously.
`
`15
`
`As regards recorder/player systems, many means and
`methods exist in the prior art for recording television or
`
`audio programming and/or data on magnetic, optical or other
`recording media and for retransmitting prerecorded
`
`20
`
`programming. Video tape recorders have capacity for
`automatic delayed recording of television transmissions on
`the basis of instructions input manually by viewers.
`So-
`
`called "interactive video" systems have capacity for locating
`
`prerecorded television programming on a given disc and
`transmitting it to television receivers and locating
`
`prerecorded digital data on the same disc and transmitting
`them to computers.
`
`It has no capacity
`too, is limited.
`This prior art,
`for automatically embedding signals in and/or removing
`embedded signals from a television transmission then
`recording the transmission.
`It has no capacity for
`controlling the connection or actuation or tuning of external
`
`25
`
`3
`
`0
`
`It has no capacity for retransmitting prerecorded
`apparatus.
`programming and controlling the decryption of said
`programming, let alone doing so on the basis of signals that
`3
`'5 are embedded in said programming that contain keys for the
`
`PMC Exhibit 2012
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016—01520
`
`Page 35
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`PMC Exhibit 2012
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 35
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`

`
`It has no capacity for'
`decryption of said programming.
`operating on the basis of control signals transmitted to
`recorder/players at a plurality of subscriber stations, let
`alone operating on the basis of such signals to record user
`specific information at each subscriber station.
`As regards decoders and decryptors, many different
`systems exist, at present,
`that enable programming suppliers
`to restrict the use of transmitted programming to only duly
`authorized subscribers.
`The prior art includes so-called
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`"addressable" systems that have capacity for controlling
`specific individual subscriber station apparatus by means of
`control instructions transmitted in broadcasts.
`Such systems
`enable broadcasters to turn off subscriber station
`
`decoder/decryptor apparatus of subscribers who do not pay
`their bills and turn them back on when the bills are paid.
`is limited.
`
`It has no capacity
`This prior art, too,
`for decrypting combined media programming.
`It has no
`capacity for identifying then selectively decrypting control
`instructions embedded in unencrypted programming
`transmissions.
`It has no capacity for identifying
`_
`programming transmissions or control instructions selectively
`and transferring them to a decryptor for decryption.
`It has
`no capacity for transferring the output of a decryptor
`selectively to one of a plurality of output apparatus.
`has no capacity for automatically identifying decryption keys
`and inputting them to a decryptor to serve as the key for any
`step of decryption.
`It has no capacity for identifying and
`recording the identity of what is input to or output from a
`decryptor.
`It has no capacity for decrypting a transmission
`then embedding a signal in the transmission——let alone for
`simultaneously embedding user specific signals at a plurality
`of subscriber stations.
`It has no capacity for
`
`It
`
`distinguishing the absence of an expected signal or
`controlling any operation when such absence occurs.
`Further significant limitations arise out of the
`
`PMC Exhibit 2012
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016—01520
`
`Page 36
`
`PMC Exhibit 2012
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 36