`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
`
`Page 1
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`PMC Exhibit 2186
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
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`

`

`Professional Word Processor
`for the Commodore 128
`
`PaperClip [I program written by Steven Douglas
`
`Project co—ordlnation by Keith Hope
`Manual written by fiance. Leeson
`Print Production and Manual Graphics by Desmond Gmndy
`Editing by Keith Hope
`Package Design by Modern Image Works
`Art Direction by Martin W. Herzog
`
`r—r-xmmnmmmmnmnmmnnmmmmmmmmAAA
`
`© Copyright 1986 by Batteries Included
`All Rights Reserved
`
`First Edition
`Pfinted September, 1986
`PRINTED IN CANADA
`
`TI
`
`BA'ITERI
`
`INCLUDED
`
`WSWfiIG) 881-9816
`30 Mural Street Richmond Hill. Ontario. L413 135
`
`f.
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
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`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
`
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`PMC Exhibit 2186
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`
`

`

`Al
`
`n
`
`LIMITATIONS OF WARRANTY AND LIABILITY
`
`BATTERIES INCLUDED INC. or anydealer or distributor distributing this product.
`makes NO WARRANIY. EXPRESSED ORIM'PLIED. with respect to this manual. the
`related floppy diskls]. and any other related items. their quality. performance.
`merchantability. or fitness for anyparticular use. It is solely the purchaser's
`responsibility to determine their suitability for any particular purpose.
`
`BATTERIES INCLUDED INC. Will In noway he held liable for direct. indirect or
`incidental damages resulting from any defect or omissionmthis manual. the
`floppy dislis]. or other related items orprocesses. includLng but not limited to any
`interruption of services. loss ofbusiness or anticipatory profit. or other
`consequential damages.
`
`THIS STATEMENT OF LIMITED LIABILITY IS IN LIEU OFALL OTHER
`WARRANTIES, WRESS OR IMPLIED. INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF
`MERCHANTABETI‘YAND FITNESS FORA PARTICULAR PURPOSE. BATTERIES
`INCLUDED INC. neither assumes nor authorizes any other person to assume for it
`any otherwarrsnty of liability inconnection with the sale of its products.
`
`This manual and the computer programs on the accompanying floppy dislds] which
`are described in this manual are copyrighted and contain proprietary Information
`belongingto BATTERIES INCLUDED INC.
`
`This manual may notbe copied. photocopied. reproduced. translated or reduced to
`machine readable form. in whole or in part. without the prior written consent of
`BATTERIES mCLUDED INC.
`
`The accompanying floppy diskts) may nothe duplicated. in whole or in part. for any
`purpose. No copies of the floppy diskts] or this manual or the listings ofthe programs
`on the floppy diskisl maybe sold or given to any person or other entity.
`Nonvithstanding the above. the accompanying disktsl maybe duplicated for the sole
`use ofthe original purchaser.
`
`PRODUCT IMPROVEMENTS
`BATTERIES INCLUDED INC. reserves the right tomake corrections orimprovements
`to this manual and to the related floppy diskts) at any time without notice and with
`no responsibilityto provide these changes to purchasers of earlier versions of its
`products.
`
`WARNING!
`1111:: manual and the programs contained on this diskis] are
`protected by International Copyright laws. Duplication by any
`means. for other than personal use. is strictly forbidden and a
`violation of co
`ght laws.
`VIOLATORS WI
`BE PROSECUTEDI
`
`:5:—
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
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`PMC Exhibit 2186
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`

`

`UPDATES AND SUPPORT
`
`An old adage in the computer industry is that no piece of sofiware is
`ever really finished. This package is no exception. We are
`committed to an on-gomg process of continually improving our
`software.
`
`You may find enclosed one or more loose sheets or a Read.Me file on
`the disk containing updates completed alter this manual went to
`press. Please be sure that you note any comments or corrections
`they may contain.
`
`It is very Important that you send in your warranty card so that we
`are able to advise you of any future updates and revisions to these
`programs.
`
`We believe this manual should provide answers to most any question
`y0u may have regarding these programs. Ifyour question needs an
`immediate answer please phone our customer support number
`during business hours [EST] at [416) 881-9816.
`If an urgent
`response is not required. please feel free to write to us. A personal
`reply will be issued immediately.
`
`Batteries Included
`Attn: Customer Support
`30 Mural Street
`Richmond Hill. Ontario. Canada
`IAB 1135
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
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`

`

`A /
`
`OUR COMMITMENT
`
`Batteries Included is one of the oldest and largest software publishers
`in North America. Our experience and knowledge. gained through
`creating and publishing awarde software. is available to you
`through this product.
`
`We know what you want —- ease of use. value for money. quality
`documentation. available and responsive Customer suppOrt and.
`above all. 'power' features and flexibility. Our products excel in all
`these areas.
`
`It's an old adage in the computer industry that no piece of software
`is ever really finished. PapCIClip His no exception — we are
`continually improving and updating it. Thus you may find loose
`sheets inserted into the manual, or a 'read.me‘ file on your program
`disk. These contain information on improvements made since this
`manual went to press.
`
`In order to take advantage of future program improvements. it's
`important that you send in yOur warranty card so that we can contact
`you. These revisions are available to you. as a customer. for a small
`service charge.
`
`We don't want to be a 'faceless' corporation. Our programmers.
`marketing. and support people are all committed to one goal: your
`satisfaction.
`If there is any way in winch this product does not
`accomplish this, please let us know.
`
`Michael H. Reichmann
`President
`Batteries Included
`September. 1986
`
`iv
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
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`Page 5
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
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`IPR2016-01520
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`

`

`INTRODUCTION
`
`m‘H-IO“0390—-
`
`...ON READING THIS MANUAL
`Unpacking PaperClip ll
`
`WHAT PAPERCLIP ll CAN DO
`GETTING STARTED
`Duplicating The PoperCIip II Diskettes
`Taking Care Of Your Data
`
`mnmhmmmmmflmflmmmmmmr‘xflmmnmmflax' CONTENTS
`
`REFERENCE SECTION
`
`000
`
`1D
`10
`
`12
`13
`14
`15
`15
`
`17
`17
`19
`20
`22
`22
`23
`23
`24
`24
`24
`25
`
`SCREEN DISPLAY
`Menus
`Screen Options Menu
`Color
`Saving The Current PoperClip ll Configuration
`Loading A New PaperCllp ll Configuration
`Changing Line Length
`Multilingual Characters
`Character Sets
`Character Sets — Setting The Start-up Default
`Using Y0ur Own Character Set
`
`BASIC EDITING
`Special Keys
`Regular Tabs
`Numeric Tabs
`Numeric Tabs — Dynamic Positioning
`Caps Lock
`Insert Mode
`insert Single Blank Line
`insert Multiple Blank Unes
`Delete Single Lines
`Erase Text
`
`Quitting PaperCIlp ll
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
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`

`

`LINE RANGES
`Transferring A Line Range
`Copying A Line Range
`Deleting A line Range
`Erasing A Line Range
`
`PHRASES
`Setting A Phrase
`Moving A Phrase
`Copying A Phrase
`Deleting A Phrase
`Changing Case OfA Phrase
`Defining An Instant Phrase
`Using An Instant Phrase
`
`COLUMNS
`Setting A Column
`Moving A Column
`Shifting A Column
`Repeat A Column
`Inserting Space In Front Of A Column
`Deleting A Column
`Erasing A Column
`Column Arithmetic
`Adding A Column
`Numeric Precision
`Adding A Row
`Setting The Decimal Point
`Sorting A Column
`Field Separators
`Setting The Field Separator
`
`SEARCHING TEXT
`Find Search String
`Special Search Characters
`Hunting For A Search String
`Search And Replace
`
`UN FORMATI'ING TEXT
`
`SPECIAL PRINTING
`Underlining
`The Underline Character
`Boldface
`
`nmnmmmmmmmmnmmmm
`
`flmm
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`PMC Exhibit 2186
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`

`

`italics
`Superscripting
`Subscripting
`Hard Space
`Conditional Hyphen
`Breokpoint
`Sending Special Characters to the Printer
`
`FORMATTING TEXT
`Left Margin
`Right Margin
`Combining Format Commands
`Paper Length
`Page Size
`Vertical Position
`Printer Offset
`Line Spacing
`Print Spacing
`Print Pitch
`Inserting Blank Unes
`Comments In Text
`Pause During Output
`Formatting Instructions
`Justification
`
`Centering
`Right Alignment
`Forced Paging
`Margin Adjust
`Automatic Indentation
`
`HEADERS AND FOOTERS
`Headers
`Footers
`
`Page Numbering
`Setting The Page Number
`Adjusting The Page Number
`Chapter Numbers
`Setting The Chapter Number
`Adjusting The Chapter Number
`Header Margins
`Footer Margins
`Margin Lock
`Header Pitch
`Footer Pitch
`
`288%%$$
`
`3333333333%%$$%388828
`BBBEEEESEHEK
`
`mm_n_...|
`
`mmPix-warmmmmmmmmmmflmmmmmnmnmmn
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
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`

`

`82
`32
`
`63
`
`86
`
`88
`89
`
`9 1
`93
`94
`94
`94
`
`96
`97
`
`100
`102
`103
`
`105
`105
`105
`106
`107
`107
`108
`109
`
`111
`111
`112
`113
`
`115
`115
`116
`117I
`
`LINKING FILES
`Global File Links
`Non—specific Link
`External file Link
`External File Print
`
`OUTPUT
`Video Preview Widths
`Video Output — Print Preview
`\fideo Output Options
`\fideo Preview Colors
`Selecting The Printer File
`Printing
`Printer Output Options
`Restarting Output
`Quick Output
`Output To Disk
`
`FILE HANDLING
`Saving Text
`Saving A Line Range
`Loading Text
`Appending Text Frorn Disk
`Global File Copying
`
`DIRECTORIES
`Disk Directory
`Wewing A Disk Directory
`Directory Mode
`Directory File Types
`Quitting Directory Mode
`Disk Directories Using Wild Cards
`Loading a Directory As Text
`
`SEQUENTIAL DATA FILES
`Sequential File Formats
`Saving A Sequential File
`Loading A Sequential Frle
`
`DIRECT DISK COMMANDS
`Sending A Direct Disk Command
`Erasing A Disk File
`Fomatting A Disk
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
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`

`

`118
`119
`
`121
`121
`122
`122
`122
`124
`
`125
`
`127
`127
`128
`128
`129
`130
`131
`132
`
`133
`133
`134
`136
`137
`139
`145
`145
`153
`154
`154
`155
`
`161
`161
`165
`
`Validating A Disk
`Reading The Disk Error Message
`
`DEVICE NUMBERS
`Setting The Disk Device Numbe
`Setting The Disk Drive Arrangement
`Setting The Dictionary Device Number
`Setting The Printer Device Number
`Printing To Disk
`
`AUTOMATIC TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`FORM LETTERS
`Variable Blocks
`Creating a Form Letter
`Creating a Variable Data File
`Printing A Form Letter
`Manual Variable Block Commands
`Muttiple Data Items Per Line
`Variable Block Techniques
`
`TELECOMMUNICATIONS
`Telecommunications Basics
`Using PaperClip ll Communications
`Special Keys Used In Communications
`Setting Up For Communications
`Selecting Your Communications Options
`Dialing
`Dialing Options
`Save Current Configuration To Disk
`Load New Configuration From Disk
`Using Communications
`Using Advanced Features
`
`SPELLPACK
`Using SpellPack
`Maintaining The SpellPack Dictionary Disk
`
`nmmmmmmmmmmnmmmmmmmnmmnmmmm
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
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`|PR2016-01520
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`

`

`APPENDICES
`
`167 APPENDIX A: COMMAND SUMMARY
`167 Screen Display
`167 Basic Editing
`167 Editing Commands On The Line
`168 Une Ranges
`168 Phrases
`168 Columns
`169 Searching Text
`169 Special Printing
`169 Output
`169 File Handling
`170 Form Letters (Variable Blocks)
`170 Telecommunications
`170 Spelling Checker
`
`171 APPENDIX B: SUMMARY OF FORMAT DIRECTIVES
`171 Basic Formatting
`172 Margins
`172 Headers and Footers
`173 File Linking
`173 Output
`173 Creating A Table Of Contents
`
`174 APPENDIX C: SUMMARY OF ERROR MESSAGES
`
`177 APPENDIX D: PRINTER FILES
`17B Choosing A Printer File
`180 Commodore Printers (and compatibles)
`182 ASCEI Printers
`187 Printer File Creation
`188 Creating Your Own Printer File
`
`199 APPENDIX E: PRINTER CONNECTIONS
`199 Serial Bus
`
`199 RS232 PrinterOutput
`200 R8232 Interface Connections
`201 Parallel Printer Output
`
`203 APPENDIX F: UTILITY PROGRAMS
`203 Setting the PaperCIip || Disk for Autoboot
`
`205 INDEX
`
`mmmmmmmnnmmmmmanmnnmmflmmflflfl
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
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`Page 11
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
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`
`

`

`Inn-oduetton
`
`Page I
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`...ON READING THIS MANUAL!
`
`Welcome to PaperClip ll - The Manual. This part of the PaperClip Ll
`package has been designed as a Reference for users who want to know
`more about Papal-Clip II and its many functions and oapabilltles. It is
`not a step-by—step course on how to use PaperCllp II.
`If you wish to take
`a few lessons on PaperCllp 11. first we suggest that you close this book
`and open Tutorial.
`
`If yOu have read and worked through the 'IUtorlal and/or Crash Course
`and are thirsty for more information on PaperClip II. or just need to
`look something up, then you have opened file right book. Read pages 3
`to 5. If all you need 15 a general overview of PaperCllp II: use the
`Contents and Index pages to find the facts you need. or just read the
`whole manual.
`
`Then, put both books down somewhere handy. because you'll be
`referring to them often — especially this one — and use PaperCllp III
`
`mnmmmmmmnmmmmnmmmmnmmmmmmmn
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
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`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
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`Page 12
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
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`
`

`

`page 2
`
`PaperCHpH
`
`UNPACKING PaperCIip II
`In addition to this manual, your PaperClip 11 package should contain the
`following:
`
`- PaperClip II Tutorial Guide
`- PaperClip 11 program diskette
`- PaperClip 11 key (a small plastic cube}
`0 PaperClJp II warranty and registratlon card
`
`To use Paperclip 11 you will need:
`- Commodore 128 computer
`Commodore 1541 or 1571 disk drive. or equivalent
`Commodore 1902 or 1700 series video monitor. or equivalent
`Printer [optional]
`Printer Interface {if your printer is not plug compatible with
`Commodore 128]
`- at least 2 blank data diskettes
`
`For more information on printers and interfaces, see Appendix D.
`
`(VFWflflflflflflflflflflflflflflflflflflflflflflflflfl
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
`
`Page 13
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
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`IPR2016-01520
`Page 13
`
`

`

`Introduction
`
`Page?!
`
`WHAT PoperClip U CAN DO
`
`Word-processing systems can be divided into two categories:
`
`WYSIWYG {What You See Is What You Get}
`— which format your tent on the screen as you type. and
`
`Post—Formatting word-processOrs
`— which format your text during printing.
`
`PaperCIIp II is a post-fonnatflng word-processor. This means that you
`include special formatting instructions in your text that tell PaperClip 11
`exactly how you want your document to look when printed. The
`advantages of post-formatting include enormous flexibility and speed —
`you can concentrate on writing. composing and editing — then turn
`your attention to formatting afterwards. rather than being distracted by
`minor details while you're composing.
`
`SCREEN DISPLAY
`PaperCIip II can use the full capability of either 40- or 80»colurnn
`displays. Text. border. and background can be set to any of 16 different
`colors. Both B&W and color screens can be used effectively.
`
`EDITING
`PaperClip 11 provides fast. easy. full screen editing. Enter and edit text
`with smooth 4-way cursor motion. insert. delete and backspace — plus
`insert mode and fast. accurate. word-wrap. Create single documents up
`to 250 columns wide or 999 lines deep. with lightning fast scrolling.
`
`Screen-up. screen-down, go to top. go to end — provide efibrtless
`editing and review. Handle tables easily — set. move. delete. erase.
`shift. and sort columns. Column arithmetic and numeric tabs make
`numeric charts and tables painless.
`
`You can set. move. copy. and delete phrases and blocks of text. Change
`the letters in a phrase to upper or lower case instantly. Or take a range
`of text and save it to disk for later use. Create 'instant phrases' — single
`keystrokes can enter entire phrases. Set numeric and regular tabs —
`clear all tabs or one at a time. Set underlining, boldface, italics.
`superscript and subscript characters and phrases.
`
`CHARACTER SETS
`PaperCIip II can use modified or custom character sets.
`French and Standard come with PaperClip II.
`
`mmmmmmmmmmmnmmmmmmmmmnmnmmn
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
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`Page 14
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
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`
`

`

`Piage4
`
`COLUMNS
`
`PaperCIipiI
`
`Manipulate columns — set. Incite. delete. and copy columns of numbers
`or words -— sort alphabetically
`
`SEARCHES
`Find words or phrases instantly and. if you like. replace them
`automatically with something else. Search using 'wild cards‘ that match
`many similar phrases.
`
`PITCH
`Depending on your printer you can vary printing pitch — condensed.
`expanded. 10. 12, and 15 pitch H change the number of lines printed
`per inch too.
`
`MARGINS, PAGE lENGTH. AND PAGING
`You can set and vary left. right. top. and bottom margins. There is a
`margin release command as well as automatic indentation w to the left
`or right. Justify tart. making both right and left margins even — or
`right-align text. making the left side ragged.
`
`Specify any size paper [up to 250 columns by 250 lines]. and the
`number of lines printable on each page. You can start a new page at a
`specific place. or start a new page only if there are not encugh lines left
`on the current one.
`
`HEADERS AND FOOTERS
`Header and footer margins can he set separately and. if you wish,
`'locked' so they won't follow text margin changes. Vary the pitch in
`headers and footers separately from text. Put an automatic page
`number in a header or footer — set it to any starting value.
`
`LINKING FILES
`To print very long documents. you can link files with a command that
`names the next file. or be prompted to directly enter the next fllename.
`Other commands will print text directly frorn another file without
`losing place in the present document.
`
`PRINTING
`You can premew on—screen. or print on your printer — switch back and
`forth instantly. Pause between pages. print continuOusly. or change
`while printing. You can stop printing {to correct a mistake. etc). then
`restart printing at the top of that page.
`
`Video output — 40. 80. 160 and 320—columns wide. Change printer
`device number. print directly to parallel or RS232 printers.
`
`mm(WI/Wmflflflflflflflflflflflflflflflflflflflflflfl
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
`
`Page 15
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`PMC Exhibit 2186
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`

`

`Introduction
`
`Page 5
`
`LOADING 8: SAVING TEXT
`Save documents to disk. load them from disk. and merge text from
`other disk files. Copy linked global files in proper order automatically.
`You can load and save text as sequential data files for compatibility with
`database programs and others — Commodore and ASCII formats.
`
`DISK HANDLING
`Disk housekeeping is easy with PaperClip H — scratch files, format new
`disks. validate old disks. rename files. check disk drive errors. set the
`disk device numbers PaperClip II will use.
`
`SPELLPACK SPELLING CHECKER
`Use PaperClip Il's fast spelling checker to scan your text for typos and
`misspellings. Correct errors. add new words to the dictionary. and skip
`over correctly spelled names. etc. Scans the entire dOCument with one
`command.
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`Create a table of contents or index list with correct page numbers
`automatically. then edit for professional results.
`
`FORM LETTERS (MAIL MERGE)
`Take a list of words. numbers, or phrases created by PaperCIip II. a
`database. mailing list. or other program — then use variable blocks to
`create accurate personalized form letters.
`
`TELECOMMUNICATIONS
`Using a modem and telephone line with PaperClip II. you can
`telecommunicate with other computers. opening up whole newr sources
`of informatiou — electronic mail. news. referencing, electronic
`shopping. local bulletin boards and international services. stock market
`quotes— quickly and easily.
`
`flflmnmflflflflflflflflflflflflflflflflf‘xflflflfl"
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
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`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
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`Page 16
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`

`

`Page 133
`
`TELECOMMUNICATIONS
`
`Telecommunications is the process of exchanging information with
`another computer using a telephone line. With the communications
`mode built into PaperClip 11. you can access electronic mail. on line
`libraries. airline bookings. computerized shopping. local bulletin
`boards, free software...
`
`Before you can explore the possibilities telecommunications presents.
`you will need a modem. A modem is used to connect your computer to
`the telephone line in your honse.
`It translates the computer's data into
`a stream of high pitched tones. These tones are sent over the
`telephone line to another modem. which converts the tones back into
`computer data.
`
`Because telephone lines are not designed to carry computerized data, it
`is transferred at a limited rate. Exactly how fast is determined by the
`capacity of the modem you buy. and the modem at the other end of the
`line. Both computers will need a modem. and both modems must be
`set to the same speed.
`
`PaperClip ll has been designed to work with many popular modems.
`Refer to the listing below. If your modem is not listed. it may be similar
`to one which is suppOrted. Check yOur modem manual. The modem
`will need to be connected to the phone line. Direct connect modems
`use a cable designed to plug directly into a modular phone jack.
`If this
`is not possible. you can use an acoustic modem. into which the
`telephone handset is placed. Acoustic modems are generally very
`simple. and won't dial or answer the phone.
`
`dammmmflflmmmmmflmmflmmmmmmmmmm Te
`
`TELECOMMUNICATIONS BASICS
`Computer systems store information. Such as a PaperClip ll document.
`in small pieces called bytes. Each byte is made up of 8 bits. When you
`send data via telecommunications. each bit is sent indnriduaily. followed
`by the next. until the entire byte is sent. Many of the settings in
`PaperClip ll's Communications Options menu deal with the variOus ways
`of sending each byte.
`
`When you use PaperClip II to call a remote computer. many things
`happen. PaperCIip ll uses the modem to dial the number. When the
`remote end answers. PaperClip II listens for a carrier tone. This is a
`special whisng sound an answering modem makes. When the carrier
`is detected. your modem will respond with its own carrier. using a
`slightly different tone.
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
`
`Page 17
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 17
`
`

`

`Riga 134
`
`PaperCthH
`
`Once the two modems have linked can-lets. each reports carrier detect
`to its computer. PaperClip II announces that it has connected. and
`waits for you to press
`
`If you don't respond within one minute. PaperClip II assumes you have
`left it unattended. and hangs up.
`
`Once connected. each key you press is immediately sent to the other
`computer via the modem. Characters received from the remote system
`are displayed on your screen. This is telecommunications —
`transferring information from one computer to another.
`
`Most dial up systems require you to press a certain key once or twice
`before they respond. In addition. they usually echo back any characters
`they receive from you. In this way. each key you press is sent to the
`remote computer. which sends it right back to your end. Men the
`character an'lves at your modem. Paperclip II displays it on the screen.
`In this way you see what you are typing.
`
`USING PoperClip [1 COMMUNICATIONS
`Telecommunications is an independent system within PaperClip II.
`The command style is different from the rest of PaperClip 11.
`
`Computer telecommunications has its roots in remotely operated
`teleprinters (remote control typewriters]. Many of the terms and
`techniques used today are based on these original telecommunicators.
`Described below are some of the most common terms used.
`
`Baud Rate — Used to describe how quickly information is transferred
`between computers. The higher the baud rate. the less time it takes to
`exchange a given amount of data. Baud rate can also be expressed as
`bits per second. or BPS. ’Ihe baud rate you use is determined by the
`slowest component in the link between the computers.
`If you have a
`1200 baud modem. and your friend has a 300 baud modern. then 300
`baud is the fastest you can exchange information.
`
`Parity — Data sent over telephone lines is subject to interfereuce.
`Clicks and buzzes during telephone conversation appear as incorrect or
`missing bits during data communications. Parity is a system of marking
`each byte of data before it is sent. then checking the received byte's
`marker for errors. Both ends must agree on the type of parity checking
`to use. otherwise every byte will be interpreted as incorrect by the
`receifing computer.
`
`flhflmnflmmnmnmmmnnflflflflflnflflflflfl
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
`
`Page 18
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 18
`
`

`

`Teleconmwnications
`
`Page 135
`
`Some systems do not bother with parity. and neither send parity
`informatiOn nor check it on reception. Occasionally. a system which is
`advertised as not using parity will actually be using MARK or SPACE
`parity.
`
`Word Length — Computer information is ofien stored in a form called
`ASCII in which only ‘7 of the 8 bits in each byte are used. Since the 8th
`bit is never used. many ASCII systems only send the 7 bits. reducing the
`time'needed to send each byte. Both ends must use the same word
`length setting. otherwise the receiving end will lose count of which bits
`are for which byte.
`
`Duplexing — Many information networks automatically echo back
`information they receive. As you type on the keyboard. each character
`is sent to the other system. Each is instantly echoed back. The
`received data is displayed on your screen. and you see the characters
`you type. This is called Full Duplex. sometimes called echoplex.
`
`If you set PaperCIip
`Other systems do not provide this automatic echo.
`II to Half Duplex. characters will be displayed as you type them. rather
`than waiting for the echo.
`
`Text Buffer — PaperClip II can send from and receive text using the
`same memory used for normal editing. You can load a document in
`from disk. switch over to telecommunications, and send it out. When
`capturing. Paper-Clip 11 copies received data into text as it comes in.
`
`XON/XOFF — Sometimes the computer at the other end won't be able to
`keep up with the data from PaperClip II. It needs to tell your computer
`to wait until it is ready for more. A protocol called XON/XOFF is used to
`control the flow of data.
`
`A special character called XOFF is sent when the receiving system
`needs a breather. The sending computer then waits for an XON
`character before continuing. This is sometimes called CTRL s. CTRL Q
`handshaldng.
`
`File Transfer Protocol — When transferring the contents of a disk file. it
`is important that the received file be exactly the same as the original.
`Several error checking and correcting methods have been developed to
`assure the integrity of file transfers. These protocols guarantee that the
`information sent will be received correctly. The data is sent in small
`segments. along with several statistics and other checks. Each segment
`is checked. and if in error. re—sent. This process continues until the
`data has been transferred correctly. If a segment can't be received
`error—free. the transfer is aborted.
`
`mmmnnmmnmmmnmmmmmmnmmmflmmmb
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
`
`Page 19
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 19
`
`

`

`Page 136
`
`.PaperCIipH
`
`If the CRC method is
`Most computers use the mODEM CRC protocol.
`not recognized. they revert to standard WODEM. Bulletin boards
`operated with Commodore equipment often use the Punter Cl protocol.
`
`SPECIAL KEYS USED IN COMMUNICATIONS
`Many remote systems use special control codes for functions Such as
`pausing transmission. aborting a command. requesting help. etc. These
`codes are sent by holding down
`while pressing another key. For
`this reason. PaperClip II has a different command key in
`communications mode.
`
`To issue a command in communications mode. hold down the @ key
`while pressing the key for that function. For example. the command
`
`@R
`
`means press E] then press and release the R key while still holding the
`E] down.
`
`Control codes will be shown in the form
`
`C
`
`which means hold
`the
`key held down.
`
`down. then press and release the C key with
`
`The keys applicable to communications
`
`@
`
`E]
`
`E1]
`
`@
`
`Switch communications mode 0n and off
`
`Display the Communications Options menu
`
`Display the Dialing Options menu
`
`Start text capture or transmission
`
`Used in conjunction with a letter key to send control codes
`to the remote system.
`
`Clear the communications screen
`
`[E] B
`
`Adjust the baud rate between 300. 1200 and 2400
`
`1g W
`
`Adjust the word length between 7 and 8 bits
`
`|§ P
`
`Cycle through the five possible parity settings
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
`
`Page 20
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 20
`
`

`

`Telemnnumicaiions
`
`Page 137
`
`[E D
`
`@ H
`
`[E] C
`
`E] Z
`
`E] T
`
`[E] R
`
`Switch between full and half duplex operation
`
`Hang up immediately
`
`Alternate which clock is displayed
`
`Reset the displayed clock to zero
`
`Start file traHSmission using the current protoCol
`
`Start file reception using the currently set protocol
`
`@[E] Move the cursorintextto the top oftext
`
`E]
`
`Move the cursorintext to the end oftext
`
`E] m
`
`[E] [:1]
`
`E]
`
`IE]
`
`[Q
`
`Move the cursor down in text
`
`Move the cursor up in text
`
`Move the cursor left in tact
`
`Move the cursor right in text
`
`Move to the beginning of the nun line in text
`
`Communication Options and
`Options menus are available in
`conununications mode. They provide selections for almost any
`equipment configuration and communications setting.
`
`Once you have selected the appropriate settings for your equipment.
`you can save the current configuration. When PaperCIip II starts up
`next time. it will automatically match the settings to those saved.
`
`SETTING UP FOR COMMUNICATIONS
`To switch to the communications mode. leaving text intact. press
`
`E
`
`The main communications screen will appear.
`
`When you need to switch back to editing mode. press
`
`E
`
`mmmmmmmmmmmmflmmmmmflmmmmmmmm
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
`
`Page 21
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 21
`
`

`

`Pagel38
`
`PaperClipH
`
`
`
`The tab and status lines display the present communication settings.
`
`Before you can start using telecommlications. yOu must tell PaperClip
`II exactly what equipment you are using. and what type of remote
`system you will be calling.
`
`To display the Communications Options menu. press
`
`[E
`
`This menu is used to describe the equipment you have. and how to
`respond to the remote computer.
`
`monnnnmmmmmmmmmnnnmnmmmnnmm
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
`
`Page 22
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 22
`
`

`

`Telecommunicath
`
`Page 139
`
`Baud Raw {BPS}
`Parity
`Word Lenglh In Bil:
`I!)an
`Text Buffer
`XOWOFF I-landshahhg
`FIIE ||;n'|:‘.i-—.|
`Prt:-I-.:--:u_:.i
`Modeme
`Fla-232 Genital Signals
`Gommbaiion Typo
`Auto-Lina Feed
`Line Feed GeneraUfln
`Backseat 0068
`Farm Feed Expense
`Bell Resporsa
`Reverse-Field Priming
`Central Characters
`cm Display
`
`5m Clock
`
`Modem 3013166.”!
`Mime]
`flSCII
`0"
`
`To change a menu setting. move the highlight bar with [I] and [1]
`Select the correct setting using + and - When the menu accurately
`reflects yOur equipment configuration. press
`
`SELECTING YOUR COMMUNICATIONS OPTIONS
`
`Baud Rate
`
`The baud rate determines how quickly information is transferred
`If you
`between computers. Ifyou have a 300 baud modern. select 300.
`are using a faster modem. select from the speeds listed in the modem
`manual. Never set this higher than the baud rate your modem was
`designed for. PaperClip II can operate from 50 to 9600 baud. 9600
`baud is not available when using a 40—colurnn display.
`
`Parity
`This is not determmed by your modem. but is part of the protocol used
`to transfer information between computers. Both PaperClip II and the
`remote computer must be set to the same parity. Parity may be
`selected from: NONE. ODD. EVEN. MARK. SPACE.
`
`Many systems don‘t bother with parity and will work with parity set to
`NONE. Check the inform-laden packet for the service you are calling for
`the correct parity.
`If you aren't Sure. try using NONE.
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
`
`Page 23
`
`J
`
`C C C C C C C C C C C C C
`
`.
`
`C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
`
`PMC Exhibit 2186
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 23
`
`

`

`Page 140
`
`PtzperCHpH
`
`Word Length
`You can choose either 7 or 8 bits. Because ASCII uses only 7 of the 8
`available bits in each byte. many systems ignore the last bit. skipping on
`to the next byte Instead. Since data is communicated a bit at a time.
`this results in quicker informatmn transfer. It's important that both
`ends use the same word length. Again. this depends on the system you
`are calling.
`
`Duplexing
`Most systems automatically echo back information they receive. Each
`character you type in is echoed back and appears on your screen. This
`is called full duplex.
`
`For systems which don't provide this echo. use half duplex. Characters
`will be displayed directly on your screen as you type.
`
`Text Bufier
`
`One of the most useful features of built in commumcations is that you
`can directly access the text while on line. You can load a document into
`text. edit it. switch to communications. the