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`4-;39‘59734
`
`United States Patent
`Rypkema
`145]
`
`[191
`
`[11]
`
`4,395,734
`
`Jul. 26, 1983
`
`[54]
`
`[75]
`
`[73]
`
`[21]
`
`[22]
`
`[51]
`[52}
`
`[53]
`
`[56]
`
`REMOTE MUTING FOR CATV/SW
`CONVERTERS
`
`Inventor:
`
`Assignee:
`
`Jouke N. Rypkema, Lombard, Ill.
`
`Zenith Radio Corporation, Glenview,
`Ill.
`
`App]. No.: 257,074
`
`Filed:
`
`Apr. 24, 1981
`
`Int. (31.3 ......................... HMN 7/16; HIM-N 7/ 12
`US. Cl. ............................... .. 358/194.1; 358/ 193;
`358/805
`Field of Search ................. .. 455/1, 3, 4, 203, 212;
`353/118, 121, 194.1, 198, 196, 160. 188. 904, 86
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`8/1965 Brownstein ....................... .. 358/118
`3.202.758
`3,760,097 9/1973 Burroughs
`...... 455/1
`3,896,262
`'i/1975 Hudspeth .............................. .. 455/1
`
`
`
`Primary Exami'neraMichael' A. Wasinick
`Attorney, Agent. or Firm—Jack Kail
`
`[5?]
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A television signal processing apparatus is responsive to
`a received television signal for translating the frequency
`spectrum thereof to a frequency band characterized by
`a fixed frequency carrier signal frequency modulated in
`accordance with a baseband audio signal. The fre-
`quency modulated carrier signal is combined with an
`unmodulated CW muting signal having a frequency
`approximately equal to the frequency of the carrier
`signal to facilitate remotely controlled muting of the
`baseband audio signal in accordance with the FM cap-
`ture effect.
`
`
`
`7 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures
`
`1 I\J"""—-—_-"‘‘\.
`
`
`I
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`PMC Exhibit 2030
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
`
`Page 1
`
`
`
`PMC Exhibit 2030
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 1
`
`

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`Apple v. PMC
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`Page 2
`
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jul. 26, 1983-
`
`Sheet 2 of5
`
`4,395,734
`
`34
`
`32
`
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`
`38
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`BANDPASS
`
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`
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`OSCILLATOR
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`CONTROL
`
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`TRANSMITTER
`
`
`
`REMOTE
`CONTROL
`RECEIVER
`
`
`
`
`FIG.
`
`IA
`
`PMC Exhibit 2030
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
`
`Page 3
`
`PMC Exhibit 2030
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 3
`
`

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`Page 4
`
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jul. 26, 1983
`
`Sheet 4 of5
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`4,395,734
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`Page 5
`
`PMC Exhibit 2030
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 5
`
`

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`Page 6
`
`
`

`

`
`
`4,395,734
`
`2
`with the accompanying drawings, in which like refer-
`ence numerals identify like elements in the several fig»
`ores and in which:
`
`1
`
`REMOTE MUTING FOR CATV/SW
`CONVERTERS
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention relates generally to radio fre«
`quency receivers including television receivers and
`ancillary signal translating devices such as cable televi-
`sion converters and, in particular, to a remotely coutrol-
`lable television signal tanslating device having a sound
`muting capability.
`Television signal translating devices such as cable
`television couverters and the like are operative for con-
`verting a received television signal from one RF fre-
`quency to another RF frequency compatible with the
`signal processing characteristics of a conventional tele-
`Vision receiver. For example, a cable television con-
`verter is typically operated in response to a remotely
`generated tuning control signal for selectively convert-
`ing one of a plurality of cable television channels to a
`channel 3 or 4 television signal which is then supplied to
`the antenna inputs of a television receiver. The signal
`translation process is normally accomplished by initially
`converting the received cable television signal to an IF
`frequency and then suitably rte-converting the IF signal
`to the channel 3 or 4 RF carrier frequency.
`While remote tuning of cable television converters is
`generally well known in the art, various other desirable
`remote control features, e.g. sound muting, have hereto-
`fore not been available. With particular reference to
`remotely controllable sound muting, this feature is typi-
`cally provided in a conventional television receiver by
`suitably controlling a switch or the like for grounding
`or otherwise rendering the audio baseband signal devel-
`oped at the output of an FM demodulator unavailable to
`the speakers of the television receiver. It will be appre-
`ciated that this technique is not applicable to a signal
`translating device such as a cable television converter
`since the audio signal is not developed in such devices in
`a baseband form. Although a remotely operated trap.
`either at the IF or RF audio frequency, can be used to
`remove the sound carrier in the converter,
`this ap-
`proach suffers from the disadvantage that only random
`noise is coupled to the audio processing circuits of the
`television receiver from the cable converter whereby a
`clearly audible noisy signal is produced.
`It is therefore a basic object of the present invention
`to provide an improved remotely controllable sound
`muting system for use in association with a radio fre-
`quency receiver such as a television signal precessing
`apparatus.
`It is a further object of the invention to provide a
`remotely controllable sound muting capability for a
`television signal translating device which is effective in
`the IF and RF frequency spectrums.
`It is yet another object of the invention to provide a
`remotely controllable sound muting capability for a
`television signal translating device wherein a frequency
`translated television signal is produced for application
`to a television receiver in a form inhibiting the produc-
`tion of any sound, including noise, by the receiver.
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`The features of this invention which are believed to
`be novel are set forth with particularity in the appended
`claims. The invention, together with its objects and the
`advantages thereof, may best be understood by refer-
`ence to the following description taken in conjunction
`
`65
`
`5
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`10
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`15
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`20
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`25
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`30
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`35
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`50
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`55
`
`FIG. 1 is a block diagram generally illustrating the
`apparatus of the present invention:
`FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating an alternate
`embodiment of the apparatus of the invention;
`FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating another alter-
`nate embodiment of the apparatus of the invention;
`FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a further em-
`bodiment of the apparatus of the invention; and
`FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating yet another
`embodiment of the apparatus of the invention.
`DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED
`EMBODIMENTS
`
`Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates a con-
`ventional cable television converter operable for trans-
`lating a television signal received over a cable television
`channel to a channel, typically channel 3 or 4, usable by
`a conventional television receiver. In this regard, it is to
`be understood that while the principles of the present
`invention will be explained in connectiOn with the cou-
`verting device shown in FIG. 1, such is intended as
`exemplary only and should therefore not be taken to
`impose any unnecessary limitations on the invention.
`Thus,
`in general terms, the principles of the present
`invention are equally applicable to any radio frequency
`signal processing apparatus wherein an angle modu-
`lated carrier, the angle modulation being either of the
`frequency or phase type, is developed including con-
`ventional television receivers, cable television convert-
`ers, subscription televisiou decoders and the like.
`With specific reference now to FIG. 1, the illustrated
`cable television converter comprises an antenna 12 sup-
`plying received cable television signals to a conven-
`tional supersherodyne television-type tuning system 14.
`Tuning system 14 comprises a single tuned RF input
`filter 16 whose output is connected through an RF
`amplifier 18 to the input of a double-tuned RF filter 20.
`The output of double tuned filter 20 is applied to a mixer
`22 which mixes the received RF television signal with
`the output of a local oscillator 24 for developing an
`output intermediate frequency (IF) signal. Single tuned
`filter 16, double tuned filter 20 and local oscillator 24
`are controlled by a channel selection device 25 such
`that each of a plurality of cable television channels may
`be converted to intermediate frequency signals having
`the same fixed frequencies. In particular, each received
`RF television signal is converted to a 45.75 MHZ ampli-
`tude modulated picture IF carrier signal and a 41.25
`MHz frequency modulated sound IF carrier signal. The
`IF signals are coupled through a first IF carrier signal.
`The IF signals are coupled through a first IF filter 26,
`an IF amplifer 28 and a second IF filter 30 to one input
`of a second mixer 32. Mixer 32 beats the IF output from
`filter 30 with a signal deveIOped by a second local oscil-
`lator 34 for re-converting the [F signals to RF signals
`corresponding to either channel 3 or channel 4, which
`RF signals are then bandpass filtered by a filter 36 and
`developed as a channel 3 or 4 RF television signal on an
`output 38. The output RF signals are subsequently cou-
`pled to the antenna terminals of a conventional televi-
`sion receiver which will reproduce the video and audio
`signals when tuned to channel 3 or 4.
`In connection with the foregoing description, it will
`be observed that the frequency modulated sound carrier
`PMC Exhibit 2030
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
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`Page 7
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`
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`PMC Exhibit 2030
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`

`

`3
`is never converted to a baseband signal in the converter,
`the sound carrier being initially received as an RF sig-
`nal, converted to a 41.25 MHz IF carrier and then re-
`convened to either a 65.75 MHz (channel 3) or a T135
`MHz (channel 4) RF carrier. As a consequence, con«
`ventional sound muting techniques which typically
`operate in terms of baseband audio signals are not appli-
`cable to the converter shown in FIG. 1. Furthermore,
`while a sound trap operating either at the sound IF
`carrier frequency or the channel 3 or 4 sound RF car-
`rier frequency may be provided in an attempt to selec-
`tively mute the sound signal, such a system has an inher-
`ent deficiency resulting in a quite undesirable effect. In
`particular, the FM detection circuits of conventional
`television receivers are known to produce an extremely
`noisy output signal when the receiver is supplied with
`an input signal having no sound carrier components.
`Therefore, if the sound carrier is trapped in the con-
`verter, only random noise will be supplied to the televi-
`sion receiver sound demodulation circuits which will
`consequently produce a noisy output sound signal.
`The foregoing problems are ovecome in accordanCe
`with the present invention by applying the well known
`FM capture effect to achieve a remotely controllable
`sound muting capability in the converter circuit of FIG.
`1. According to the FM capture effect, when two input
`signals are applied to an FM demodulator including a
`limiter. the input wave having the largest magnitude
`within the bandwidth of the demodulator controls the
`output. This principle or phenomenon is utilized in
`accordance with the present invention by injecting an
`unmodulated continuous wave (CW) signal at a suitable
`circuit node in the converter,
`the unmodulated CW
`signal being adapted for overriding or dominating the
`FM sound carrier when applied to the FM demodulator
`of a television receiver with the result that the sound is
`completely muted. For example, referring to FIG. 1, a
`muting oscillator 40 is coupled through a mute switch
`42 to a circuit node 44 formed at the output of IF filter
`30. When switch 42 is closed, muting oscillator 40 is
`adapted for coupling an unmodulated CW signal having
`a frequency of 41.25 MHz (the sound IF carrier fre-
`quency) to circuit node 44 whereby after conversion by
`mixer 32, both the unmodulated CW signal and the FM
`sound carrier are coupled to the FM demodulator of the
`television receiver. By designing the system such that
`the unmodulated CW signal is approximately 2— 10 dB
`stronger than the FM sound carrier. the FM demodula-
`tor in the receiver will be controlled by the CW signal
`only and, since this signal carries no frequency modula-
`tion, a muted sound signal will result. In television re-
`ceivers using intercarrier sound processing techniques,
`the muting signal produced by oscillator 40 is prefera-
`bly maintained to a tolerance of about 21:20 KHz. Also,
`the foregoing circuit may be conveniently realized in a
`remote control system in a variety of ways. For exam-
`ple, and for purposes of illustration only, muting oscilla-
`tor 40 and switch 4-2 may be provided in a hand-held
`remote control unit which is connected to node 44 by a
`suitable length of conductor or by a wireless link in a
`manner similar to the technique normally used to re-
`motely interface channel selection device 25 with the
`converter. Alternatively, the muting oscillator could be
`directly associated with the converter and enabled in
`response to a remotely generated control signal. This
`latter approach is illustrated in FIG. 1A wherein a re-
`mote control transmitter 45, which may comprise, for
`example, an infrared or ultrasonic transmission device,
`
`
`
`4,395,734
`
`4
`is selectively operable for transitting a sound muting
`control signal. The transmitted sound muting control
`signal is received by a remote control receiver 4‘? built
`into the converter, remote control receiver 47 being
`responsive to the received sound muting control signal
`for operating muting oscillator 40 for generating and
`coupling the unmodulated CW muting signal to circuit
`node 44.
`It will be appreciated that the muting signal can be
`injected in the converter circuit at points other than at
`node 44. Thus, as indicated by dotted lines 46 of FIGS.
`1 and 1A and dotted line switch 48 of FIG. 1, the un-
`modulated CW signal could be coupled to the RF out-
`put of the converter circuit. In this case, the unmodu-
`lated muting signal would have a frequency equal to
`either the channel 3 RF sound carrier (65.75 MHz) or
`the channel el- RF sound carrier (71.75 MHz). Other
`than for this difference, the system operation is exactly
`as previously described.
`FIG. 2 illustrates a method for generating the unmod-
`ulated muting signal using phase lock loop techniques.
`In particular, a phase lock loop 50 is provided for cou-
`pling an unmodulated 45.75 MHz CW signal to one
`input of a. mixer 52, the other input of mixer 52 being
`provided with a 4.5 MHz signal from an oscillator 54.
`As a result, mixer 52 develops and couples an unmodu-
`lated 41.25 MHZ muting signal through muting switch
`42 and a filter 43 for application to circuit node 44.
`Phase lock loop 50 cornprises a filter 56 adapted for
`coupling the relatively weak amplitude modulated pic-
`ture IF carrier (45.75 MHz) to the input of an amplitude
`limiter 58. Limiter 58, in turn, couples the 45.?5 MHz
`picture IF carrier to one input of a phase detector 61],
`the other input of phase detector 6|) being derived from
`the output of a voltage controlled oscillator (W30) 62.
`The error signal output of phase detector 60 is coupled
`through a low-pass filter 64 to the control input of VCO
`62. Phase detector 60 is therefore operable for control-
`ling VCO 62 through filter 64 for developing a rela-
`tively strong unmodulated 45.75 MHz signal which, as
`previously explained, is beat with the 4.5 MHz signal
`developed by oscillator 54 to form the muting signal at
`the output of mixer 52.
`FIG. 3 illustrates an adaptation of the circuit of FIG.
`2 where the muting signal is injected into the RF output
`of the converter rather than into the IF signal path.
`Thus, the output amplitude modulated RF picture car-
`rier, e.g. the channel 3 picture carrier at 61.25 MHz,
`developed on conductor 38 is coupled to a phase lock
`100p 70 through a filter 72. Phase lock loop 70 is identi-
`cal to phase lock loop 50 and includes a limiter 14, a
`phase detector 76, a low pass filter 78 and a VCO 80.
`The output of V03 30, which comprises a relatively
`strong unmodulated 61.25 MHz signal, is coupled to one
`input of a mixer 82. the other input to mixer 82 being
`derived from a 4.5 MHz oscillator 84. As a result, mixer
`82 produces an unmodulated CW output muting signal
`at the frequency of the channel 3 RF sound carrier
`(65.75 MHz), the muting signal being selectively in-
`jected into the RF output signal through switch 48 and
`a filter 49. Of course, by appropriately changing the
`bandpass characteristics of filter 72, a similar result can
`be achieved where a channel 4 or, for that matter, any
`other channel signal, is deveIOped on output conductor
`38.
`FIG. 4 illustrates a modification of the circuit of FIG.
`2 where phase lock loop techniques are also used to
`generate the local oscillator signal coupled to mixer 22.
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`PMC Exhibit 2030
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
`
`Page 8
`
`PMC Exhibit 2030
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 8
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`

`

`5
`In this circuit, the same 4.5 MHz oscillator 54 supplying
`mixer 52 to generate the muting signal is used for sup-
`plying a reference signal for the tuning phase lock loop.
`More specifically, the output of the 4.5 MHz oscillator
`54, after being applied through a frequency divider 91
`which may be programmable, is coupled as a reference
`signal to one input of a phase detector 92 of a tuning
`phase lock loop 90. The error signal output of phase
`detector 92 is coupled through a low pass filter 94 to the
`control input of a voltage controlled local oscillator
`(VCLO) 96 whose output is supplied to mixer 22 and
`also fed-back through a prescaler 98 and a programma-
`ble divider 100 to the second input of phase detector 92.
`The division factor characterizing programmable di-
`vider 100 is controlled by the channel selection device
`such that the output of VCLO 96 is forced to a fre-
`quency appropriate for converting the received RF
`television signal to the proper IF frequencies. Also, it
`will be appreciated that
`the principles illustrated in
`FIG. 4 are equally applicable to the circuit of FIG. 3
`where the muting signal is derived by phase lock loop
`70 which is responsive to the RF output RF picture
`carrier of the converter.
`While particular embodiments of the invention have
`been shown and described,
`it will be apparent
`that
`changes and modifications may be made therein with-
`out departing frorn the invention in its broader aspects.
`For example, it may be desirable in certain situations to
`employ the principles of the invention for muting a 4.5
`MHz frequency modulated intercarrier audio signal by
`combining it with a suitable unmodulated 4.5 MHz CW
`muting signal. Also, it will be appreciated that the prin-
`ciples of the invention may be used in connection with
`various other types of radio frequency receivers and
`with phase modulated carriers as well as frequency
`modulated carriers. The aim of the appended claims,
`therefore, is to cover all such changes and modifications
`as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
`What is claimed is:
`
`1. In a television signal frequency translating device
`having a circuit node developing a first non-baseband
`signal comprising a sound carrier signal frequency mod-
`ulated in accordance with a baseband audio signal and a
`second non-baseband signal comprising a picture carrier
`signal amplitude modulated in accordance with a base-
`band video signal, said sound and picture carrier signals
`being offset from each other by 4.5 MHz, the improve—
`ment comprising:
`phase lock loOp means responsive to said picture
`carrier signal for generating an unmodulated CW
`signal having a frequency substantially equal to the
`frequency of said picture carrier signal and an am-
`plitude substantially greater than said sound carrier
`signal;
`means generating an unmodulated 4.5 MHz signal;
`means mixing said CW signal with said 4.5 MHz
`signal for developing a muting signal having a
`frequency substantially equal to the frequency of
`said sound carrier signal; and
`means operative for coupling said muting signal to
`said circuit node whereby said first non-baseband
`signal is dominated by said muting signal in accor-
`dance with the FM capture effect to facilitate mut-
`ing of said baseband audio signal.
`2. The improvement according to claim 1 wherein
`said television signal frequency translating device in-
`cludes a tuning phase lock loop controlling a local oscil-
`lator for generating a local oscillator signal for translat-
`
`
`
`4,395,?34
`
`6
`ing the frequency spectrum of a received television
`signal from one frequency band to a second frequency
`band, said tuning phase look loop being responsive to a
`reference signal comprising said unmodulated 4.5 MHz
`signal.
`3. A television signal frequency translating apparatus
`comprising:
`means for receiving a television signal broadcast over.
`a first RF frequency band and including a video
`component comprising a modulated RF video car-
`rier and an audio component comprising an RF
`sound carrier frequency modulated in accordance
`with a baseband audio signal;
`means for translating the frequency spectrum of said
`received television signal from said first frequency
`band to a second RF frequency band;
`means _operable for generating a CW signal having a
`frequency substantially equal to the unmodulated
`frequency of said RF sound carrier in said second
`RF frequency band and having an amplitude sub-
`stantially greater then the amplitude of said RF
`sound carrier in said second frequency band; and
`means disposed remotely from said television signal
`frequency translating apparatus for selectively op-
`erating said generating means for injecting said
`CW signal in said second RF frequency band for
`facilitating muting of said baseband audio signal
`without degrading the video component of said
`received television signal.
`4. A television signal frequency translating apparatus
`according to claim 3 wherein said second RF frequency
`band comprises an intermediate frequency band charac-
`terized by a sound carrier having a frequency of about
`41.25 MHz and wherein said generating means oom-
`prises means for generating a CW signal having a fre-
`quency substantially equal to 41.25 MHz and a signal
`strength at least about 2—10 db greater than said inter-
`mediate frequency sound carrier.
`5. A television signal frequency translating apparatus
`according to claim 3 wherein said second RF frequency
`band comprises a selected television channel character-
`ized by a sound carrier having a predetermined RF
`frequency and wherein said generating means com-
`prises means generating a CW signal having a substan-
`tially fixed frequency equal to said predetermined fre-
`quency and a signal strength at least about 2—10 db
`greater than said sound carrier.
`6. A television signal frequency translating apparatus
`comprising
`means for receiving a broadcast television signal in-
`cluding an FM sound carrier;
`means translating the frequency spectrum of said
`received televisiOn signal from one frequency band
`to a second frequency band;
`means for generating an unmodulated 4.5 MHz sig-
`nal;
`phase lock loop means responsive to the picture car-
`rier of said received television signal in said second
`frequency band for generating an unmodulated
`control signal having a frequency substantially
`equal to the frequency of said picture carrier;
`means for mixing said central signal with said 4.5
`MHz signal for deveIOping a CW signal having a
`frequency substantially equal to the frequency of
`said sound carrier in said second frequency band
`and an amplitude substantially greater than the
`amplitude of said sound carrier in said second fre-
`quency band; and
`
`it)
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`45
`
`SD
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`
`
`PMC Exhibit 2030
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
`
`Page 9
`
`PMC Exhibit 2030
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 9
`
`

`

`4,395,734
`
`7
`means disposed remotely from said television signal
`frequency translating apparatus for selectively in-
`liming said CW_ Signal in said Second freque_ncy
`band for facilitating muting of said squad carries
`7. A television Signal frequency translating apparatus 5
`comprising:
`.
`means for receiving a broadcast television signal in-
`cluding an FM sound carrier;
`'
`means for generating an unmodulated 4.5 MHz sig-
`nal.
`a tuning phase lock loop responsive to said 4.5 MHz
`signal for translating the frequency spectrum of
`said received television signal from one frequency
`band to a second frequency band;
`phase lock loop means responsive to the picture car- 15
`rier of said received television in said second fre-
`
`
`
`PMC Exhibit 2030
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
`
`Page 10
`
`8
`quency band for generating an unmodulated con-
`11-91 signal having a frequency substantially equal to
`the frequency of said picture carrier;
`means for mixing said control signal with said 4.5
`MHZ signal for developing 3 CW signal having a
`frequency substantially equal to the frequency of
`said sound carrier in said second frequency band
`and an amplitude substantially greater than the
`amplitude of said sound carrier in said second fre-
`clue“? band? and
`‘
`_
`'
`‘
`_
`I
`means'dISPOSEd Temfitely from said REVISE?“ 931211
`frequency Hamming apparatus for SEIECEIWI)’ 111-
`jecting said CW signal in said second frequency
`hand for facilitating muting of said sound carrier.
`*
`*
`*
`1*
`*
`
`.
`
`m
`
`20
`
`25
`
`3D
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`PMC Exhibit 2030
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 10
`
`