United States Patent [19J
`Kupnicki et al.
`
`[11] Patent Number:
`[45] Date of Patent:
`
`4,742,544
`May 3, 1988
`
`[76]
`
`[54] TELEVISION TRANSMISSION NETWORK
`WITH SCRAMBLING AND DESCRAMBLING
`Inventors: Richard A. Kupnicki, 584 Farewell
`Street, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada,
`LlH 6M8; Stanley R. Moote, 9
`Gervais Drive, Brampton, Ontario,
`Canada, L6Y 2V3
`[21] Appl. No.: 629,180
`Jul. 9, 1984
`[22] Filed:
`Int. Cl.4 ........................ H04N 7/167; H04L 9/00
`[51]
`[52] U.S. Cl . ........................................ 380/14; 380/19;
`380/20; 380/37; 380/50
`[58] Field of Search ............... 358/114, 119, 121, 122;
`178/22.04, 22.07, 22.05, 22.19; 380/10, 14, 19,
`20, 23, 36, 37, 50
`
`[56]
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`3,659,046 4/1972 Angeleri et al. ................. 178/22.13
`4,070,693 1/1978 Shutterly ........................ 358/122 X
`4,240,106 12/1980 Michael et al. ....................... 358/36
`4,266,243 5/1981 Shutteriy ........................ 358/116 X
`4,318,125 3/1982 Shutterly ............................. 358/121
`4,388,643 6/1983 Aminetzah ...................... 358/122 X
`4,390,898 6/1983 Bond et al. ..................... 358/123 X
`
`4,392,123 7/1983 Briiggemann .................... 358/36 X
`4,405,942 9/1983 Block et al .......................... 358/119
`4,484,027 11/1984 Lee et al. ........................ 358/122 X
`4,535,355 8/1985 Arn et al. ........................ 358/122 X
`4,605,961 8/1986 Frederiksen .................... 358/121 X
`Primary Examiner-Stephen C. Buczinski
`Assistant Examiner-Linda J. Wallace
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Ridout & Maybee
`ABSTRACT
`[57]
`A controlled access television communications network
`in which scrambling and descrambling are accom(cid:173)
`plished by digital signal processing. At the scrambler,
`the video and audio information are digitized, seg(cid:173)
`mented for example on a line-by-line basis, and ran(cid:173)
`domly reordered. Decryption data corresponding to the
`random reordering of the information segments are
`derived, and inserted into the scrambled video data. A
`composite signal comprising the video data, audio mod(cid:173)
`ulated subcarrier, synchronizing signals and the decryp(cid:173)
`tion data is transmitted to the receivers along with dedi(cid:173)
`cated keys whereby descramblers at the receivers are
`selectively enabled in accordance with the remote se(cid:173)
`lection of authorized users.
`
`11 Claims, 27 Drawing Sheets
`
`AUDIO INPUT 1 o - - - (cid:173)
`AUDKJ INPUT2,o---(cid:173)
`AUOKJ INPUT3 o - - - -
`
`VIDEO INPUT
`
`RS232 DATA CHANNEL=----~
`RS232CONTROL.o,-----~
`PROCESSOR
`
`PROGRAM VIDEO
`OUTPUT
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 1
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 3, 1988
`
`Sheet 1 of 27
`
`4,742,544
`
`_+ _____ +---- +
`
`----------
`
`~
`
`d
`lJ..
`
`---x
`
`>
`N
`
`>
`("'I
`+
`
`:r:
`0
`N
`II
`C)
`
`z
`~ z
`<(
`_J
`co
`__J
`<(
`·u
`I-
`0::
`w
`>
`
`:r:
`(Y)
`
`:r:
`(Y)
`
`I!) z
`G
`-1w
`<( (/)
`:::> _J
`d:::i
`Wo_
`I-
`(/)
`0 a..
`
`u z
`
`>-W
`(/) (/)
`_J
`I-:::>
`a:: 0..
`w
`>
`
`u z
`>(cid:173)(/')
`:r:
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 2
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent May 3, 1988
`
`Sheet 2 of 27
`
`4,742,544
`
`BLANKING ___ --1 r
`u
`
`LEVEL
`
`....------H----
`
`! ____ fl
`
`FIG.2a
`
`REF
`WHITE
`
`z
`
`REF BLACK- --(cid:173)
`BLANKING -- -- -
`
`SYNC LEVEL------ - -'-------'
`FIG.2b
`
`r'>
`
`-.
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`/
`'-'>r'
`
`10
`
`\
`
`DES
`
`,,,........_ 50% BURST
`/AMPLITUDE
`LIMITS
`
`FIG.2c
`
`;(2
`
`FIG. 3
`
`11
`
`I
`
`INVERSE
`DES
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 3
`
`

`

`13
`
`LOW
`• I PASS
`FILTER
`
`VIDEO IN o
`
`,
`
`INPUT
`CLAMPING
`AMPLIFIER
`
`A-D
`CONVERTER
`
`17
`
`-=-
`GAIN AND SET-UP
`CONTROL
`
`SUBSCRIBER
`CONTROL
`INFORMATION
`
`AUDIO
`INPUTS
`
`23
`
`24
`
`25
`
`COMPOSITE
`~VIDEO
`OUT
`
`>
`
`VIDEO
`:::::i PROCESSOR
`
`SAMPLING
`CLOCK
`
`18
`\._
`
`II
`
`20
`
`1 CONTROL
`DATA
`ENCODER
`
`RESAMPLING
`CLOCK
`
`16
`
`SYNC
`GENERATOR
`
`~ - -~
`
`DIFFERENTIAL A-D
`AMPLIFIER
`CONVERTER .------"'---~
`
`\
`
`_,,.
`
`AUDIO
`PROCESSOR
`
`AUDIO
`MODULATOR
`
`29
`
`28
`
`FIG.4
`
`~
`[fl
`•
`~
`rt a
`
`3:
`~
`.... w
`'"""'
`\C
`00
`00
`
`[fl =(cid:173)
`('D a
`w
`~
`N
`-.l
`
`.a;.
`'J -l
`.a;.
`N
`
`'J Ul :t
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 4
`
`

`

`L.6
`
`L.1
`
`BLANKING
`REGENERATOR
`
`VIDEO
`OUT
`
`\
`L.8
`
`CONTROLLER
`WITH
`DECRYPTION KEYS
`
`38
`
`RESAMPLING CLOCK
`OUTPUT
`AMPLIFIER
`D-A
`CONVERTER AND FILTER
`
`>----l ~1 AUDIO ?UTPUT
`r - - i _,,.2. __ _,__J AUDIO ~UTPUT
`>-------1 ~1 AUDIO OUTPUT
`
`COMPOSITE
`VIDEO IN
`
`-=-
`
`30
`
`35
`
`SYNC
`GENERATOR
`
`32
`
`L.2
`
`BAND PASS
`FILTER
`
`SUBCARRIER
`DEMODULATOR
`
`AUDIO
`PROCESSOR
`
`L. 3
`
`FIG.5
`
`44
`
`~
`rJ1
`•
`~ l"""t--
`~ a
`
`~
`~
`~
`j,,,,,,I.
`\0
`00
`00
`
`('t)
`
`rJ'J ::r
`~ ....
`~
`N
`-..J
`
`,I;..
`....
`-.J
`,I;..
`N
`....
`
`Ul :t
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 5
`
`

`

`r
`AUDIO INPUT
`r
`AUDIO INPUT 2
`r::
`AUDIO INPUT 3
`
`50
`
`AUDIO INPUT
`
`SERIAL AUDIO
`DATA
`AUDIO DATA
`CNTRL
`
`56
`
`SUBCARRIER
`MODULATOR
`
`PAM DATA
`
`6.6MHZ AUDIO
`SUBCARRIER
`
`AUDIO DATA- ~
`SCRAMBLED AUDIO DATA.,. ../
`
`BYPASS VIDEO,
`
`VIDEO INPUT
`
`INPUT
`INPUT
`i--
`o-i... BUFFER
`,,-- AMPLIFIER i-- PROCESSOR
`52
`
`VIDEO
`DATA
`l'-51 51/
`
`DIGITAL
`MEMORY
`
`L
`
`INPUT TIMING
`l...
`SIGNALS
`
`14.3 MHZ CLK
`
`RANDOM ADDRESS'
`
`53..--
`
`TIMING
`DECODER
`
`r SYSTEM TIMING SIGNALS
`
`60
`)
`
`SCRAMBLED
`VIDEO
`DATA
`\
`
`OUTPUT
`PROCESSOR
`
`BYPASS
`RELAY
`
`_j
`
`h
`
`57
`
`t
`
`59
`\
`
`CNTRL
`ASSEMBLY
`
`FRONT PANEL
`DATA
`
`INTERFACE i - -
`~ CONTRO~R
`
`MEMORY
`CONTROLLER
`
`l
`
`I'\.. 8-BIT CONTROL DAT A
`,__
`
`RS232 DATA CHANNEL
`<-
`RS232 CONTROL
`PROCESSOR
`
`("'"
`
`58
`
`55
`
`FIG. 6
`
`~
`[fl
`•
`
`~
`~ a
`
`~
`~
`'<
`PROGRAM VIDEO ~
`1---C:>
`OUTPUT
`""""
`\l:)
`00
`00
`
`MONITOR VIDEO
`OUTPUT
`
`fJ'J :r
`(t>
`~
`
`tJl a
`
`.N
`--....J
`
`.&;..
`'J -.J
`
`~ 'J Ul t
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 6
`
`

`

`J.J-LAW
`CONVERT CLK
`SHIFT CLOCK
`14 BIT CONVERT
`S/H
`
`--
`--
`
`0--
`INPUT CHANNEL 1
`0 -
`
`Cl 1 (INV)
`
`u
`
`_j
`
`I 61,
`INPUT
`AMPLIFIER
`
`62,
`
`20KHZ
`LOW PASS
`FILTER
`
`i--
`
`i--
`
`63
`\
`SAMPLE
`AND
`HOLD
`t__
`
`I
`
`61\
`
`0-----
`INPUT CHANNEL 2
`0 - -
`
`INPUT
`AMPLIFIER
`
`i---
`
`Cl 2 (INV
`
`-
`
`61" \_
`
`INPUT CHANNEL
`
`0 - -
`
`0 - -
`
`INPUT
`AMPLIFIER
`
`i-----
`
`Cl 3 (INV
`
`L..J
`
`62' ·,
`LOW PASS - AND
`
`20KHZ
`
`FILTER
`
`63'
`l
`SAMPLE
`
`HOLD
`L__
`
`62"
`\
`20KHZ
`LOW PASS i--
`FILTER
`
`I
`
`53''
`\
`SAMPLE
`AND
`HOLD
`L__
`
`I
`FIG. 7
`
`64 65
`I _L
`~
`
`-- SD 1
`
`JJ-LAWLINEAR
`AID
`CONVERTER
`
`-
`
`~f-
`
`SHIFT
`REGISTER
`
`• f
`r--54 65\ I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`14-BIT AID
`CONVERTER
`
`-
`
`SHIFT
`REGISTER
`
`• f
`
`I(
`
`II
`
`L'.:"-- 6 4 6 5 \
`
`14-BIT A/D
`CONVERTER
`
`~f---,
`
`SHIFT
`REGISTER
`
`• t
`
`- SD 2
`
`-- SD 3
`
`~
`rJl
`•
`~ !'"'+-
`~ a
`g:
`
`~
`~
`~
`\0
`00
`00
`
`/fl ::r
`re a
`°' Si
`
`N
`-....J
`
`~ ....
`-J
`~ ....
`Ul :t:
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 7
`
`

`

`66
`\
`
`INPUT VIDEO
`
`--
`
`4.5 MHZ
`LOW PASS FILTER
`
`67
`
`68
`
`V
`
`CLJ}.MPING
`
`AID
`CONVERTER
`
`\
`AMPLIFIER ~ -- LATCH
`
`70
`~
`
`OUTPUT
`
`---D 8-BIT VIDEO DATA
`
`,,.- CLAMP PULSE
`
`t
`..._ BURST PROCESSOR DATA (8-BIT)
`
`-
`
`B.F. WINDOW
`HO TO H9
`
`--
`
`COMPOSITE SYNC
`
`69
`~
`
`GENLOCK
`VIDEO
`
`-
`
`SYNC
`SEPARATOR
`
`73 CNTRL VOLTAGE
`~
`
`tr
`
`CLOCK
`ERROR
`PROCESSOR
`
`t
`
`FIG.8
`
`71
`
`/
`CLOCK
`DRIVERS
`
`SYSTEM CLOCKS
`(14.3 MHZ)
`
`14.3MHz
`vco
`
`f -
`
`r\
`72
`
`LOCAL CLOCKS
`MHZ)
`(14.3
`00 T 2T
`..,
`01 ;2T
`-"1..J
`C BW (INV)
`00
`-
`00 · 2T
`"L.l
`VIDEO PRES
`0
`H PHS SYNC
`. f ,
`H PHS SYNC (INV)
`V PHS SYNC
`V PHS SYNC (INV)
`-c)
`
`_"")
`
`)
`
`~
`[J).
`•
`
`~ ....... a
`
`3:
`~ «
`~
`i,.-.
`\0
`00
`00
`
`[f'J :r
`(t)
`~
`-.l
`~
`N
`-.l
`
`.....
`
`...
`~ .....
`Ul :t
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 8
`
`

`

`691
`LUMINANCE 692
`1 CLAMPED VIDEO
`.-----'----~ VIDEO
`I
`I I
`,-----.L......~
`SYNC TIP
`SYNC
`CLAMPING
`SLICER
`AMPLIFIER
`
`693
`
`GENLOCK r--..._______J
`3.58MHZ
`-I BAND STOP
`VIDEO L......r
`
`FIG.Sa
`
`r - - - - - - - - - - -1 : : :> CLAMP PULSE
`
`694
`
`COMPOSITE SYNC
`HALF
`LINE PERIOD
`DELETER
`
`H PHASE SYNC
`
`695
`
`VERTICAL
`SERRATION
`INTEGRATOR
`DETECTOR
`
`696
`
`COMPOSITE
`SYNC
`DETECTOR
`
`V PHASE SYNC
`
`VIDEO PRESENT
`
`~
`CJ).
`•
`
`~ f""'+.
`~ fl"'+-
`
`~
`~
`~
`~
`\0
`00
`00
`
`rJ} :r
`('t) a
`00
`~
`N -.:a
`
`.a.
`_.
`-.l
`.a.
`N _.
`Ul t
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 9
`
`

`

`BURST
`PROCESSOR D
`DATA
`
`737
`
`738
`
`741
`
`742
`
`743
`
`• I CONVOL VER
`
`ACC. I
`
`BINARY
`a I OFFSET .__ _ ___,
`
`DAC
`
`CURRENT I
`MIRROR
`
`740
`
`PULSE
`WIDTH
`GENERATOR
`
`739
`
`DELAYI
`- - - - - - ·-<--- - -
`732
`3.58MHz
`.. 1 BANDPASS
`FILTER
`
`I
`
`GENLOCK O
`VIDEO
`
`- -
`731
`
`PEAK
`DETECTOR
`
`HO-H9(1NV)o
`BURST FLAG-
`
`I
`
`r~------'
`
`734
`
`~-~oo~~
`
`Q1-2T
`· - - - ___
`
`COLOR BW
`
`REF----1•
`
`T)33 735
`
`- - - - - - -
`c~ - i -+ - - --
`BWP
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`744
`
`I
`I I
`I I
`i
`
`TRANS
`CONDUCTANCE
`AMP
`
`I 7~
`
`VREF
`
`---~
`
`747
`
`749
`
`750
`
`PULSE WIDTH
`B.F. WINDOW D--___......-----------1 SHAPER
`PULSE WIDTH
`I SHAPER
`
`COMP SYNC D
`
`7/
`' ... 8
`
`PRi~i~~
`
`COMPARATOR
`
`CHARGEPUMP1-~~~--'
`
`Fl G. 8 b
`
`~
`TJ1
`•
`
`~ f"'"t,,. a
`
`~
`~
`'Jw
`
`~
`\0
`00
`00
`
`[Fl
`:r'
`~
`~
`
`\0 a
`
`N
`-.l
`
`J;;..
`'J -J
`
`~ 'J Ul t
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 10
`
`

`

`C/BW D
`
`00 D
`
`• I
`
`SCH
`.1CORRECTOR
`
`81
`
`H COUNTER PHASE
`
`76
`
`H PHASE SYNC D-4-j
`
`H
`DISCRIMINATOR
`
`DISCRIMINATED H
`
`I
`I H COUNT! H SIGNAL
`910
`COUNTER
`DECODER
`
`74
`
`75
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`~~l~i~
`
`D WRITE STROBE
`
`~~~E~~~ow
`
`H SYNC
`
`COMP. BLANKING (INV)
`B.F. ACTIVE (INV)
`COMPOSITE
`B.D. BLANKING (INV)
`SIGNAL
`COMP. SYNC (INV)
`ENCODER
`DATA MODE
`~CHANGEDATA(INV)
`
`~ H18-H262 (INV)
`V INTERRUPT (INV)
`D FIFO INTERRUPT (INV)
`D COLOR FIELD ID
`~ B,W FIELD ID
`HO-H9 (INV)
`
`~
`~
`
`~ a ~ a
`
`~
`~
`'-<
`Y"'
`~
`\0
`00
`00
`
`/J) ::r
`(t> a
`
`~
`0
`
`Si
`N
`-.....)
`
`.a;..
`-...
`
`~ -...
`Ul t
`
`I
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`80
`VAO
`
`1VA1
`
`I
`I
`
`I
`I
`
`77,
`
`78-....
`
`79
`
`V PHASE SYNC c:r-j
`
`V
`DISCRIMINATOR
`
`DISCRIMINATED V
`
`525
`COUNTER
`
`14.3MHz CLK ~LOCK
`14.3MHz CLK
`DISTRIBUTION
`----I
`
`V COUNT I
`
`V SIGNAL
`DECODER
`
`I
`
`FIG.9
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 11
`
`

`

`8L.
`
`I
`
`ADDRESS
`COUNTER/
`MULTIPLEXER
`
`i - -
`
`1------..
`i----
`
`8,5
`
`MEMORY ADDRESS
`(8-BIT BUS) \
`
`-i----
`-~ CNTRL SIGNAL
`
`LOGIC
`AND DRIVERS
`
`RAS,
`
`GAS,
`
`WRITE ENABLE 1
`
`l
`
`8
`
`VIDEO FRAME
`MEMORY ARRAY
`384K x 8 BITS
`
`~
`
`,_
`
`ri
`
`1._ LINE SEGMENT ADDRESS CLOCK
`
`I
`
`,..83
`
`I t • I
`_ AUDIO MEMORY
`64K x 1 BIT
`
`SCRAMBLED
`-w
`VIDEO DATA
`
`SCRAMBLED
`AUDIO DATA
`
`"1-.)
`
`FIG_10
`- - - - -
`
`~
`r;F1
`~
`[
`
`~
`~
`'---<
`._.VJ
`
`~
`\0
`QO
`~
`
`'JJ =(cid:173)
`("D a
`
`~
`~
`
`~
`N
`-...J
`
`...
`
`.__.
`-.J
`~ -..
`Ul t
`
`AUDIO DAT
`
`I
`CLOCK
`143MHZ CLK ~ ~
`DISTRIBUTION
`14.3MHZ CLK
`
`I
`
`I
`
`- --
`
`----
`
`VAO
`VA1
`VA2
`VA3
`VA4
`VA5
`VA6
`
`8-BIT
`VIDEO DATA
`
`- ·
`
`VA?
`VAS
`RAS GAS
`
`-
`WRITE STROBE -
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 12
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent May 3, 1988
`
`Sheet 12 of 27
`
`4,742,544
`
`821
`
`/
`
`1 VIDEO DATA BIT_...
`
`SHIFT REGISTER
`
`822
`L/
`
`LATCH
`
`L/823
`
`•ADDRESS & CONTROL-
`
`6 x 64Kx1 RAMS
`
`·~
`
`824
`LJ
`
`SHIFT REGISTER
`
`1 VIDEO DATA BIT
`
`Fl G.10a
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 13
`
`

`

`89
`
`91
`
`92
`
`95
`
`94_
`
`101
`
`SD 1
`SD 2
`SD 3
`
`MULTIPLEXER 13 CHANNEL
`DATA
`..
`
`I AUDIO
`
`FIFO CNTRL
`~.....;.;...:..:..:..::~)_ ... J. DATA
`FIFO
`
`CRC
`REDUNDANCY
`ENCODER
`
`AUDIO
`DATA
`SCRAMBLED
`AUDIO DATA
`
`AD1 I DIGITAL SUBCARRIER H DIA
`
`GENERATOR AND
`PHASE MODULATOR
`
`CONVERTER
`
`6.6MHZAUDIO
`SUBCARRIER
`
`26MHZ CLK
`
`t - - - ~ ,GATED-CLK 6
`DATA SHIFT
`CLK
`
`XOR CLK PROC
`H18-H262 (INV)
`15 KHZ
`CLK6
`HO-H9 (INV)
`
`AUDIO INPUT
`TIMING CONTROL
`
`DC DO c::::>-----,
`DCD1o---..
`DCD2
`DCD3~
`DCD4 o---r=
`· DCD5~f.--,
`DCD6 -
`' .
`DCD7 D----'
`XOR LOAD D>-------'
`VAO - VAS D
`AUD-OT-LO
`AUD-DT-CLK
`14.3MHZ CLK o----1
`CLOCK
`-j DISTRIBUTION
`14.3MHZ CLK o
`(INV.)
`
`1
`
`BIT SCRAMBLE
`DATA
`
`SUBCARRIER
`TIMING
`CONTROL
`
`96
`
`PAM-DO
`PAM-01
`
`14.3 MHZ
`
`DIVIDE BY
`13
`
`92a
`
`DIVIDE BY
`24
`
`I
`
`98
`/
`PHASE
`COMPARATOR
`
`26 MHZ
`OSCILLATOR
`
`r'
`97
`
`8-BIT CLK6
`COUNT
`
`PAM
`SCRAMBLE
`MEMORY
`
`I
`
`-,
`
`S.H(INV)
`Cl1 (INV)
`Cl2(1NV)
`Cl3(1NV)
`,u LAW CONVERT
`14-BIT CONVERT
`SHIFT CLK
`
`FIG.11
`
`DATA
`
`922
`
`LATCH
`
`AUDIO
`DATA
`
`CRC ERROR
`
`BIT
`SCRAMBLE
`DATA
`
`CRC
`CONTROL FIG.11a
`
`~
`V1
`~
`[
`
`~
`~
`'-<
`~
`~
`\0
`00
`00
`
`rJ1 :r
`~
`~
`~ w
`~
`N
`--.l
`
`.a;..
`._..
`-:i
`~ ._..
`Ul t
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 14
`
`

`

`~
`[fl
`•
`
`1 ~ a
`
`~
`
`~
`~
`
`~(jJ
`
`~
`~
`00
`00
`
`(FJ
`:::r'
`('t) a
`
`~
`,&;..
`
`8.i
`N
`-.l
`
`.a;..
`
`'JI
`
`~ 'JI Ul t
`
`FRONT PANEL
`DAT A AND CONTROL
`
`REMOTE PANEL
`DATA AND CONTROL
`
`- -
`
`-
`
`USER DATA
`PROCESSOR
`
`USER DATA
`
`PROCESSOR
`
`CONTROL
`DATA
`
`ADDRESS CONTROL
`ADDRESS f--0
`DATA
`FIFO
`
`111__..,.--
`
`110.../
`
`t I
`
`-
`
`ADDRESS FIFO
`OUTPUT READY
`
`RS232 EXT.
`COMPUTER CNTRL
`w
`C
`-
`
`7.16MHz
`VIDEO PRESENT
`BURST PRESENT
`
`RS232 USER DATA
`CHANNEL
`
`112/
`
`- -
`
`ADDRESS FIFO
`RESET (INV)
`ADDRESS FIFO
`SHIFT OUT
`
`14.3MHZ CLK ~ : I CLOCK
`
`14.3MHZ CLK (INVJ
`
`DISTRIBUTION
`
`FIG.12
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 15
`
`

`

`. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - c :>XORLOAD
`. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i : : :> XOR CLOCK
`. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -DADDRESS FIFO
`SHIFT OUT
`. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - c> ADDRESS FIFO
`RESET (INV)
`. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - f " " " } CNTRL FIFO SHIFT IN
`. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - { JCNTRL FIFO RESET (INV)
`. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0 8-BIT CONTROL DATA
`87
`
`88
`i
`
`86
`
`I
`
`DATA
`CONTROLLER
`
`I
`
`LINE ADDRESS
`CONTROLLER
`
`ADDRESS
`CONTROL DAT AO
`
`VD5 D
`
`ADDRESS FIFO O
`OUTPUT READY
`
`~:~~!r:~f~~~~
`
`•I
`
`.. 1
`
`.. I
`
`:1
`
`V INTERRUPT c : : : : : :> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ J
`WRITE INH IB ITD - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -__ J
`FIFO INTERRUPT c : : : : : :> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ J
`
`VERTICAL
`ADDRESS
`
`14.3MHZ CLK ~
`14.3MHz CLK (INV)
`
`:1
`
`CLOCK
`DISTRIBUTION
`
`FIG.13
`
`VERTICAL
`ADDRESS r-
`FIFO
`
`D
`
`VA6
`VA7
`~VAS
`
`~
`TJ).
`•
`
`~ "*(cid:173)
`~ a
`
`~
`~
`'-<
`~
`i-(cid:173)
`\0
`00
`00
`
`(f)
`::r
`~ a
`
`1--"
`(Jt
`
`g,
`N
`......J
`
`....
`-...
`......J
`~ -...
`tJl t
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 16
`
`

`

`AUDIO
`SUBCARRIER 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
`
`102
`
`6.6 MHZ
`BAND PASS
`FILTER
`
`8-BITVIDEODATAD-----------,
`B.F. ACTIVE (INV) o----,
`B.F. BLANKING (INV)
`
`COMP. SYNC (INV) a
`
`DATA MODE (INV)
`CHANGE DATA (INV)
`
`106
`
`SYNC/
`SUBCARRIER
`GENERATOR
`
`1
`
`•I MUX AND
`SHAPING
`
`VARIABLE
`DELAY
`
`I I 4.5 MHZ
`D/A
`CONVERTERMLOW PASS
`FILTER
`
`Q0+2T
`Q 1 + 2T o-----,J
`
`107
`
`H18-H2;~J~~~~
`PAM-D1
`
`11
`
`I
`
`I
`
`109
`
`105
`
`104
`
`~
`rJl
`•
`
`~
`~
`
`i,...
`\0
`00
`00
`
`~ a ~ s.
`OUTPUT s "'w
`
`103
`
`SUMMING
`AMPLIFIER
`
`ANALOG
`VIDEO
`OUTPUTS
`
`(Fl :r
`CNTRL FIFO a
`
`(t>
`
`i,...
`INPUT READY O'\
`0
`~
`N
`-.....1
`
`8-BIT CONTROL DAT A
`
`CNTRL FIFO RESET (INV)
`CNTRL FIFO S.I.
`
`WHITE
`MARKER
`GENERATOR
`
`DATA
`FIFO
`MEMORY
`110a
`______ 1so1
`BLANKING ( INV ) c : : :> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - '
`14.3MHz CLK o
`14.3MHz CLK (INV)O
`
`:I
`
`CLOCK
`DISTRIBUTION
`
`FIG.14
`
`.a;;..
`-...
`-....,l
`.a;;..
`N
`-...
`Ul
`j:
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 17
`
`

`

`~
`V1
`~
`~ a
`g:
`
`'-<
`~
`I-"
`\0
`00
`00
`
`rJJ :r
`(t) a
`
`I-"
`-.I
`Si
`N
`-.I
`
`.&;;.
`....
`-....J
`~ ....
`Ul :t
`
`200
`
`SCRAMBL
`ED L...,
`VIDEO
`
`-
`
`WIDEBAND VIDEO,
`(WITH 6.6 MHZ SUBCARRIER)
`
`ANALOG PROCESSOR
`
`.
`
`-,--
`
`SERIAL AUDIO DATA
`l/
`
`AGC DATA-
`SCRAMBLED VIDEO DATA-
`H PHASE SYNC -
`V PHASE SYNC
`VIDEO PRESENT
`AP TIMING SIGNALS
`UNSCRAMBLED AUDIO DATA
`UNSCRAMBLED VIDEO DATA
`
`~
`
`t - - i----
`
`.--~
`
`SUBCARRIER
`DEMOD.
`
`02
`
`DEMODULATED
`/' AUDIO DATA
`
`AUDIO DATA;
`
`FIG.15
`
`-
`
`PROGRAM
`VIDEO OUTPUT
`MONITOR
`- - 0
`VIDEO OUTPUT
`
`CH 1 AUDIO
`
`CH 1 AUDIO (JNV)
`
`---
`
`CH 2 AUDIO
`CH 2 AUDIO (INV)
`
`203
`
`204 v
`
`205
`_,,
`
`COMP ANDED
`AUDIO
`OUTPUT
`
`)
`CH 1 DATA
`CNTR
`
`LINEAR AUDIO
`OUTPUT
`
`~
`CH 2 DATA
`CNTR
`
`DIGITAL PROCESSOR
`
`201
`
`i
`CNTR
`
`LINEAR AUDIO
`OUTPUT
`
`CH 3 AUDIO
`CH AUDIO (INV)
`
`_>
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 18
`
`

`

`14.3 MHZ CLK
`
`D--OCLK
`
`10-BIT PROCESSOR
`BUS
`
`212
`
`10-BIT
`D.,A
`- CONVERTER
`
`--,_
`GAIN LATCH
`SET-UP LATCH ·-
`
`,..-,.
`INPUT VIDEO
`
`20t
`
`INPUT
`BUFFER
`
`VIDEO
`/ / I
`71
`L.L
`
`4.5MHZ
`LOW PASS
`FiLTER
`
`v201
`
`210
`I SAMPLE I GAIN
`
`tAND HOLD1
`i
`I SAMPLE
`lAND HOLD
`• ,,....
`
`211
`
`SET-UP
`
`CLAMPING '----
`AMPLIFIER
`
`208../
`
`213
`CLAMP PULSE"
`
`209
`\
`
`J--D
`MIO
`Ml1
`~
`Ml2
`~
`A;D
`1--D
`Ml3
`CONVERTER :--0
`Ml4
`1--D
`MIS
`1-D
`Ml6
`Ml?
`-0
`
`~
`rJl
`•
`~
`"'*'" ~
`"'*'"
`
`~
`~
`'<
`~
`i,-.
`\0
`00
`00
`
`rJ1
`:::r'
`t'C) a
`
`i,-.
`00
`~
`N
`-......1
`
`J;;..
`-...
`.....J
`
`-...
`
`t:s
`tll :t
`
`--r
`----
`--
`
`--
`
`DA
`DA
`DA
`DA
`DA
`DA
`DA
`DA
`
`ii'
`
`, ,
`
`11
`
`:..,.
`
`SYNC
`SEPARATOR
`
`BYPASS VIDEO--'
`
`DA
`CONVERTER
`
`-
`
`211.
`
`ANALOG
`VIDEO
`
`4.5MHZ
`LOW PASS
`FILTER
`
`FIG.16
`
`216
`/
`OUTPUT
`~ AMPLIFIER
`
`-
`
`HPHASESYNC
`H PHASE SYNC (INV)
`V PHASE SYNC
`VIDEO PRESENT (INV)
`
`- .
`-
`..r,
`WIDEBAND VIDEO
`
`'
`
`,311
`
`BYPASS 1-D
`PROGRAM VIDEO
`OUTPUT
`RELAY
`
`MONITOR VIDEO
`OUTPUT
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 19
`
`

`

`218
`
`219
`
`220
`
`_ I
`UNSCRAMBLED~
`I ~
`AUDIODATA
`-
`AUDIO
`SHIFT
`FIFO
`REGISTER 1
`AUDIODATA~J
`CLOCK ~ .___
`
`• 1
`
`I
`
`D SERIAL DATA
`
`SHIFT
`.__ __ ___. REGISTER
`
`AUDIO SYNC
`AUDIO DATA
`GROUP STROBE
`262H18 (INV)
`
`221
`
`14.3MHZ
`
`AUDIO OUTPUT
`CONTROL TIMING
`DECODER
`
`CLK.5
`
`SHIFT
`REGISTER
`LOAD
`
`CS1
`CS2
`CS3
`NODE
`SHIFT CLOCK
`
`ACLR1
`-o ACLR2
`ACLR3
`IARLY1
`IARLY2
`IARLY3
`OARLY1
`OARLY2
`OARLY3
`
`AUDIOOUPUT
`CONTROLS
`
`222
`
`AGCO
`AGC1
`AGC2 ~
`AGC3
`_
`AGC4
`I
`AGC5
`AUDIO CNTRL C> - - - - - - - - .J
`DATA STROBE
`TIYD-----------__J
`
`~ AUDIO CNTL
`:: SIGNAL
`LATCH
`
`,
`
`D RS232 DATA CHANNEL
`CONNECTOR
`
`FIG.17
`
`~
`rJJ
`•
`
`~ a ~ a
`~ '-<
`,.. ,.....
`
`VJ
`
`I.O
`00
`00
`
`rJJ :r
`re a ,.....
`I.O
`~
`N
`--....l
`
`.a;.
`
`~
`
`~ ~ Ul
`~
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 20
`
`

`

`~
`V'1
`
`~ a re a
`
`~
`~
`'-<
`~
`i,-<
`\0
`00
`00
`
`en ::r
`(t> a
`
`N
`0
`~
`N
`-J
`
`.a;..
`-...
`......J
`.a;..
`N
`._.
`
`Ul :t
`
`......
`
`ADO
`AD1
`AD2
`.........
`AD3
`
`MIO-Ml7
`
`, ' \
`
`I
`H COUNT (HO TO H9)
`262H18 (INV),._
`1 ST 20 LINES""'
`----
`ADDA FIFO RESET
`\
`H121-262 (INV)
`
`"-1-,.,
`
`i. VIDEO DATA
`PROCESSOR VAO
`
`223-
`
`AUDIO-PROC.
`
`0
`
`-
`f Le, RAS,CAS CNTRL -....
`1- AUDIO DATA (4-BIT)
`225
`•
`
`224
`'-....
`
`0
`
`.....
`BLANKING
`REGENERATOR
`----230
`
`AGC DATA
`(AGCO TC AGC9)
`GAIN STROBE
`SET-UP STROBE
`AUDIO CONTROL DAT A
`BYPASS
`STROBE
`FRONT PANEL DATA
`FRONT PANEL STROBE
`FRONT PANEL CLK
`>
`
`- -
`
`--
`-
`
`1r
`
`SEQUENTIAL
`/' ADDRESS
`(SA1 TO SA?)
`......-BLANKING CNTRL SIGNALS
`
`TIMING
`DECODER
`
`..
`
`PROCESSOR
`I TIMING
`228-
`SIGNALS
`VIDEO PROCESSOR DATA/POD TO PD~
`231
`\
`VOLTAGE
`
`ON-BOARD
`CLOCKS
`
`SECURITY
`PROCESSOR
`
`\._229
`
`-c:, OFF-BOARD CLOCK
`
`- CONTROLLED
`
`OSCILLATOR
`
`227~
`
`......
`V PHASE SYNC
`......... -
`H PHASE SYNC
`.---
`H PHASE SYNC (INV)
`
`FIG.18
`
`SERIAL AUDIO DAT A
`-C)
`AUDIO DATA CLK
`AUDIO DATA STROBE
`AUDIO SYNC
`
`--
`
`1'
`
`226
`
`(
`
`Lb
`
`TILT
`CORRECTOR
`
`LATCH
`
`8-BIT OUTPUT
`VIDEO DATA
`(DAO TO DA?)
`
`\
`DESCRAMBLEDf
`VIDEO DATA
`
`.....
`
`.------
`
`'...'. H SYNC
`RANDOM
`ADDRESS
`
`-
`
`MEM
`~ ADD
`FIFO
`STROBE
`[\
`L/AUDIO
`XOR
`ERROR DATA
`
`98K BY 8-BIT
`MEMORY
`.... .---- (WITH ADDRESS CNTRL LOGIC)
`" ,_._
`ii
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 21
`
`

`

`DESCRAMBLED
`VIDEO DATAD - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (cid:173)
`2251
`2252
`(MOO-M07)
`i
`
`2257
`
`PDQ TO PD?
`
`LATCH I
`
`I
`
`• I
`EPROM
`
`22 5 5 ,-------L-----,,
`COUNTER
`
`UP/DOWN
`COUNTER
`
`2251.
`
`ADDER I
`
`D DAO-DA?
`
`2253~-~
`
`MAO-MA6
`
`MEMORY
`
`2256. _ _ _ ~
`
`H2-H9
`
`1ST20LINES
`
`TILT
`CORRECTOR
`TIMING
`DECODER
`
`I
`
`I
`
`\
`FIG.18a
`
`~
`rJl
`•
`~
`~
`~ a
`
`~
`
`~
`~
`~
`i,-.
`"° 00
`
`00
`
`(Fl :r
`re a
`i,-. a
`
`N
`
`N
`-...J
`
`"'-'
`._.
`-....J
`t:s
`._.
`Ul
`~
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 22
`
`

`

`~
`U"J
`•
`
`~ !
`
`~
`~
`yJ
`~
`\0
`00
`00
`
`QO
`
`COUNT
`0 TO H9)
`
`SYNC(INV)
`EMOD STROBE
`
`DEMOD B.F.
`COMP. B.F.
`BLANKING
`COMP SYNC
`
`VAO
`VA1
`VA2
`BURST SYNC
`POLARITY
`VERTICAL BLANKING
`INTERRUPT
`1ST20LINES
`LUMINANCE FIELD
`262H 18( INV)
`H121-262(1NV)
`SEQUENTIAL ADDRESS
`(SA1 TO SA7)
`
`[J)
`O"
`~
`~
`N
`N
`~
`N
`
`-i .. ....
`-....J .. N
`
`....
`Ul
`~
`
`' .
`
`- -
`
`-
`
`- - ---
`
`,
`
`'
`
`- ------- -
`
`_r23l.
`
`H SIGNAL
`DECODER
`
`H SIGNALS?
`
`L
`1 235, COMPOSITE
`
`SIGNAL
`ENCODER
`
`VAO-..
`VAh
`
`l
`
`111
`
`i1
`
`-
`-
`
`H PHASE SYNC(INV
`IL.J
`
`/
`232
`
`DISCRIMINATED H
`
`14.3MHz CLK
`
`A
`V
`
`I
`
`31 KHZ
`
`236
`\
`
`DISCRIMINATED V
`
`V PHASE SYN
`
`-
`
`V
`DISCRIMINATOR
`
`\
`
`V
`525
`COUNTER COUNT
`
`V SIGNAL
`DECODER
`
`FORCED BLANKIN
`
`L-
`
`MONOCHROM
`
`L) l
`
`j
`
`237..../'
`
`'
`
`)
`238
`
`FIG.19
`
`I QUADRATURE i
`
`COUNTER 1
`
`233
`
`-
`
`L-1
`
`H
`
`910
`
`H
`
`1 ~-
`DISCRIMINATOR ; COUNTER COUNT
`
`COLOR FIELD ID.
`
`H PHASE SYNC
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 23
`
`

`

`J
`
`CRC ERROR
`PROCESSOR
`& XOR BIT
`DESCRAMBLER
`
`PAM AUDIO
`ERROR
`SC AUDIO
`ERROR
`SERIAL AUDIO
`DATA
`
`-
`-
`
`SERIAL
`MEMORY DATA
`
`242
`\
`SHIFT
`REGISTER
`
`,.
`
`BUFFER
`
`241
`301
`\
`\
`-...---
`AUDIO - ,__..
`SC
`- '"::::: STATE
`TRI-
`DATA -
`,_.......
`~ FIFO
`303 1
`PAM ->-
`AUDIO
`,__ DATA
`,_. FIFO
`
`I.....
`
`..._
`,__
`
`r-
`S1CDATASHIFTOUT
`S CDATASHIFTIN
`
`....
`
`~AMDtAT~~
`
`AUDIO
`LOAD
`
`.... SHIFT IN f (INV)
`
`PAM DATA
`,- SHIFT OUT
`PAM DATA
`
`~
`"f/1
`
`~ f""+-a
`
`~
`~
`'<
`VJ
`
`~
`i,-.
`\0
`QO
`QO
`
`if) :r
`re
`~
`~
`0
`~
`N
`-.l
`
`.&;..
`-...
`-.l
`~ -...
`Ul t
`
`,__
`CRC SKIP.,.....
`CRC MODE~
`
`--
`
`CRC TYPE SELECT
`\
`
`
`
`.,.- AUDIO DATA C LOCK
`
`I 1
`I
`
`AUDIO DATA
`CLOCK
`AUDIO DATA
`STROBE
`AUDIO SYNC
`
`'
`
`'
`
`RAS CAS CNTRL
`
`>
`
`AUDIO
`TIMING
`DECODER
`
`240--.__.1 ~
`RAM ADDRESS CLOCK
`
`XOR DATA
`RAM
`
`./244
`
`SERIAL XOR DATA
`
`262H18
`
`FIG.20
`
`I
`
`302\
`
`MADO
`-
`MAD1
`' -
`MAD2
`MAD3
`-
`
`--
`
`-
`
`ADO
`AD1
`AD2
`AD3
`
`MIO Ml1
`0 - PAM
`VIDEO &MM:; Ml3
`- 0 - DATA
`PAM
`MIS
`- D-+ DECODER
`DATA Ml6 Ml?
`0 -
`
`--
`
`SC DATA EN
`\UDIO DATA CLR -
`PAM DECODE -
`ENABLE
`
`HCOUNT
`(HOTOH9)
`-
`XOR CLOCK
`
`XOR DATA
`(POTO P7)
`XOR LOAD
`262H18(1NV)
`
`c::>-
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 24
`
`

`

`~
`
`"
`
`VIDEO DATA
`
`~
`rJl
`•
`1-'d a
`DESCRAMBLED a
`:!·
`~
`'-<
`~
`,-.
`\Q
`00
`00
`
`-
`
`--
`
`I
`
`MADO
`MAD1 MEMORY
`MAD2 AUDIO
`MAD3 DATA
`
`.....
`
`16K x 4-BIT
`AUDIO
`MEMORY
`
`i------ 2L.
`6
`
`l
`
`FIG.21
`
`CF1
`:r
`re
`~
`
`N ...
`
`0
`~
`N
`-.l
`
`.i;..
`,...
`-.J
`.i;..
`N
`,...
`Ul
`:I=
`
`8-BIT INPUT
`VIDEO DATA
`(MIO TO Ml?)
`
`RAS>CAS
`CONTROL(INV)
`
`,......._
`
`SEQUENTIAL ADDRESS
`(SA1 TO SA?)
`
`249
`'
`
`LATCH
`
`' - -
`
`H SYNC
`
`I
`
`i..
`
`i--281
`
`COLUMN
`ADDRESS
`COUNTER
`
`COLUMN ADDRESS (?-BIT)
`LI 248
`\
`
`MEMORY
`ADDRESS
`
`ADDRESS u
`
`MULTIPLEXER
`
`•
`
`245
`~
`
`98K BY 8-Bff
`MEMORY ARRAY
`& LATCHES
`
`i'\
`LINE ADDRESS (7-BIT)
`(ROW ADDRESS)
`
`RANDOM
`ADDRESS
`FIFO
`
`I-
`
`i-250
`
`4 1
`
`RAS1CAS(INV)-
`W. ENABLE~
`
`247
`l
`MEMORY
`CONTROL
`DECODER
`
`'-' oc
`'-1c
`
`- - --- -
`
`H121-262(1NV)
`
`RANDOM ADDRESS
`(PO TOP?)
`
`MEMORY ADDRESS
`FIFO STROBE
`ADDRESS FIFO RESET
`(BURST SYNC
`POLARITY)
`RAS GAS CNTRL
`1ST 20 LINES
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 25
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent May 3, 1988
`
`Sheet 25 of 27
`
`4,742,544
`
`(\J
`(\J
`(9
`
`LL
`
`0
`0
`::::,
`<
`(!) f-g i:[
`< f(cid:173)z ::::> < 0
`+ I
`
`f-
`::::,
`Cl..
`f-
`::::,
`0
`
`+la:
`UJ
`-
`!:!::
`_J
`Cl..
`
`~ <
`
`er:
`UJ
`f(cid:173)
`--'
`N LL
`:c Cf)
`~ it
`~
`0
`_J
`
`::.:::: Cf)
`
`a:
`UJ
`~ <ti:
`5 ··. UJ
`, O>
`z
`:::l...
`0
`(.)
`
`M
`I.D
`N
`
`N
`I.D
`N
`
`Ul
`I.D
`N
`
`ill
`N
`
`0
`I.D
`N
`
`+
`I
`Q
`0
`::::,
`<
`Cf)
`Cf)
`<
`Cl.. >-ro
`
`0<
`-e-o<
`~o
`
`_J
`~
`er:
`w
`Cf)
`
`f-(J')
`::::,-1
`a..o
`f- er:
`::::>f-oz
`00 - 0
`0
`::::,
`<
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 26
`
`

`

`BYPASS AUDIO
`
`SERIAL AUDIO
`DATA
`
`266
`
`267
`
`270
`
`268
`
`271
`
`269
`l
`
`BYPASS
`RELAYS
`
`+ ANALOG AUDIO
`- OUTPUT
`
`SHIFT I
`
`REGISTER
`AND LATCH
`
`~ 114-BIT LINEAR
`D1A
`- CONVERTER
`
`20KHZ
`LOW PASS FILTER
`
`OUTPUT
`AMPLIFIER :'.:
`
`AUDIO OUTPUT o----~----------------------------'
`
`CONTROLS
`
`FIG.23
`
`~
`rf1
`•
`
`~ !""'t--a
`
`3:
`
`~
`'-<
`~ ,_.
`\0
`00
`00
`
`IJJ :r
`(t)
`~
`N
`O',
`~
`N
`
`--l ...
`,__.
`-.J
`~ ,__.
`Ul t
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 27
`
`

`

`PHASE ERROR
`255)
`
`6.6MHz
`
`256
`
`6.6MHZREFERENCE
`I
`
`I
`
`DADO
`
`257
`
`. - - - - - - -D AD1
`
`SAMPLE rn VOLTAGE
`
`254
`
`AND
`HOLD
`
`CONTROLLED
`
`OSCILLATOR I 253~ DEMODULATOR
`
`PHASE
`
`LATCH
`... ,
`
`LATCH
`
`1
`
`AD2
`
`AD3
`
`258
`
`BURST SAMPLE o-----'
`
`251
`
`OSCILLATOR
`CONTROL
`VOLTAGE
`
`252
`
`INPUT
`AMPLIFIER
`
`6.6MHz
`BAND PASS FILTER
`
`WIDE BAND
`VIDEO
`
`AUDIO DATA
`STROBE
`
`6.6MHZ AUDIO SUBCARRIER
`
`DELA YEO DAT A STROBE
`
`VARIABLE
`DELAY
`
`259
`
`FIG.24
`
`~
`[fl
`•
`
`~ f""+-a
`
`3:
`~
`'-<
`AUDIO DATA W
`OUTPUT
`:...
`\0
`00
`00
`
`rJJ =(cid:173)~ a
`
`N
`-....J
`~
`N
`-....J
`
`J;.
`._.
`.......J
`~ ._.
`th t
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 28
`
`

`

`TELEVISION TRANSMISSION NETWORK WITH
`SCRAMBLING AND DESCRAMBLING
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`This invention relates to controlled access television
`transmission networks wherein both transmission qual(cid:173)
`ity and security against unauthorized eavesdropping are
`major concerns. The
`invention
`is applicable · to
`video/audio tele-conferencing and to subscription tele(cid:173)
`vision networks.
`
`30
`
`1
`
`4,742,544
`
`2
`data undecodable. The process can be used for a variety
`of applications in addition to tele-conferencing, such as
`program distribution.
`Use of digital signal processing of the video, audio
`5 and data signals adds another dimension to the security
`level. While analog scrambling methods allow the ma(cid:173)
`nipulation of voltage levels (as in the case of sync sup(cid:173)
`pression and video inversion), or alteration of the fre(cid:173)
`quency spectrum (as in the case of interfering carrier),
`10 the digital method retains these options and adds the
`ability to manipulate time. Since a signal can be digi(cid:173)
`tized and placed in a memory for temporary storage, the
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`rate and the order of the removal of the data from the
`memory has the effect of re-ordering what previously
`The availability of satellite and microwave communi-
`cations links, together with recent advances in electron- 15 were sequential events. Some examples of this method
`ics technology and signal processing hardware, have
`are:
`opened the door to the establishment of controlled ac-
`Line reversal, where lines are reversed end to end at
`cess transmission networks. While the reduced cost of
`random
`earth station receiving equipment brings the investment
`Line position modulation, where the blanking inter-
`for such networks to a reasonable level, it also makes 20
`val is randomly narrowed or expanded, resulting in
`off-air piracy viable. Laws governing off-air reception
`random positioning of line start with respect to
`by anyone willing to invest in the necessary equipment
`synchronizing information.
`are either nonexistent or difficult to enforce. There is
`Line segment swapping, where a video line or lines
`therefore a need for a method of scrambling television
`are segmented and the order of the segments is
`signals whereby to establish high security in such net- 25
`randomly intermixed.
`works. Coupled with this need is the need to transmit
`Line dispersal, where a block of a given number of
`the scrambled signals through existing distribution
`lines is selected and all of the lines within that block
`channels. Thus, parameters such as synchronizing infor-
`are randomly intermixed.
`mation, finite bandwidth restriction and characteristic
`distortion of a link must be taken into account.
`In the above examples, the word random is selected
`t
`·
`th t
`·tt d d'
`bl.
`to illustrate the fact that with digital processing the
`n any scram mg sys em, smce e ransmt e au 10
`I
`and video and data information has been scrambled to
`ability exists to randomly re-order what was initially a
`series of sequential events.
`prevent its unauthorized use, it is necessary to provide
`If the sequence used in re-ordering the events is
`descrambling control information to allow reconstruc-
`tion of the transmitted signals by the authorized users. 35 known to the descrambler, the original information can
`The security of this control information is therefore
`be reconstructed. Accordingly, the following conclu-
`crucial to the security of the whole system.
`sions regarding the security of such a system can be
`Various analog scrambling methods are known and in
`drawn:
`current use. The methods employ, for example, sync
`1. The security of the video or audio information is a
`suppression, video inversion or interfering carrier, and 40
`function of the number of segments which are re-
`achieve scrambling by changing the transmission for-
`ordered within a block, and the number of possible
`mat of the video information in such a way that a stan-
`combinations in scrambling the block is a factorial
`<lard receiver will not be able to reconstruct the image.
`function. For example, if one uses the line dispersal
`The security provided by these known methods is quite
`method where 120 lines of a block are randomly
`intermixed, there exist 120! or 102°1 possible ways of
`limited, however. Since they rely extensively on hard- 45
`arranging the lines. Only one out of 10201 sequences
`ware for decoding, they can be considered to be fixed
`algorithms in the sense that a one-time addition to, or
`will allow reconstruction of the image even for that
`modification of, an existing equipment will result in
`one block.
`violation of the security. When the security is thus vio-
`2. Since the descrambler requires the line ordering in-
`lated it can only be regained by replacement of the 50
`formation (which we will call "control data"), the
`security of that information also governs the security
`scrambling and descrambling equipment throughout the
`system.
`of the overall system.
`3. The selection of a different random number each time
`re-ordering is done further enhances the security of
`the system by the fact that even if one ordering se(cid:173)
`quence is found, it will be of no use for the next block
`of information.
`Consideration will now be given to the channel
`which will carry the scrambled signal and the distortion
`constraints placed upon the method.
`Synchronization
`If the scrambled signal has to be transmitted over the
`currently existing video communication channels, it is
`important that horizontal, vertical and color burst por(cid:173)
`tions of the signal be modified as little as possible in
`order for the line equipment and for monitoring equip-
`ment to function. The majority of the line processing
`equipment requires the horizontal sync and blanking
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`According to the present invention, scrambling and 55
`descrambling are accomplished by digital signal pro(cid:173)
`cessing, which not only permits the encoding, decod(cid:173)
`ing, encrypting and imbedding of security "keys", but it
`also provides a medium for computer control. System
`security can, therefore, be hardware and software 60
`based. Individual descramblers in a given system can be
`selectively enabled from a central control point without
`physical access to the descrambling hardware. The
`scrambler is used to disallow general public usage of the
`television signals along with the associated audio and 65
`data channels. It does not disallow the reception of
`signals, but instead makes the resultant display on the
`television receiver totally unintelligible and audio and
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1079
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 29
`
`

`

`4,742,544
`
`5
`
`3
`period for D.C. stabilization of the waveforms (clamp(cid:173)
`ing). Thus, methods using sync suppression or substan(cid:173)
`tial narrowing of horizontal sync, will degrade the sig(cid:173)
`nal quality by introducing line tilt or image smearing.
`Non-linearity
`Any form of transmission will exhibit some level of
`non-linearity in both amplitude and phase. Thus, meth(cid:173)
`ods which rely on manipulation of these parameters to
`achieve scrambling, are susceptible to these errors. One
`example of this method is video inversion, where the 10
`polarity of the video signal is randomly inverted to
`mask the content of the picture presentation.
`Let it be assumed that the transmission link has an
`amplitude non-linearity error to cause compression of
`the black portion of the non-inverted video. Now, if an