~ OFFICIAL
`TECHNICAL RECORD
`1982
`
`
`
`
`Le cable:
`
`
`
`clé du futur
`
`
`access to the fut
`
`
`2Se Congrés annual,
`|Slver Anniversary Convention,
`Trade Show and
`Exposition comme
`
`elfenRRRSHEAzo
`et CABLETHEQUE
`CABLETHEQUE
`
`
`Du 1 mal aud juin, 12
`May 31 — June 3, 1982
`
`
`
`Sheraton Centra,
`Sheraton Centre,
`
`
`Toronto, Ontario
`Toronto, Ontario.
`
`
`
`Association canadienne
`Canadian Cable
`
`Television Association
`de iélévision per cable
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`CANADIAN CABLE
`THEVISION ASSOCIATION
`
`ASSOCIATION CANADIENNE
`DE TELEVISION
`PARGABLE
`
`
`
`
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`

` sennaocnnoRERTERREDnNseen
`
`
`DOSSIER TECHNIQUE OFFICIEL 1982 DE L’ACTC
`COMMENTAIRES D’ INTRODUCTION
`
`Isn't it a wonderful sight to see sunlight streaming
`through a window. The infusion of warmth and light is
`akin to the feeling that exists today in the Canadian cable
`television industry. The Canadian Radio-television and
`Telecommunications Commission and the Department of
`Communications have moved the industry ahead appreci-
`ably in the last year. The licensing of Pay TV distributors
`and the steps taken towards deregulation are appreciated
`by all Canadians.
`This year’s Official Technical Record reflects this
`feeling of optimism in the industry. Twenty-six outstan-
`ding papers will cover the full spectrum of our technical
`concerns. Substantial input has been provided by the Cable
`Telecommunications Research Institute (CTR), the manu-
`facturing and supply industry, cable companies and by
`government. [t
`ig also encouraging to note that we have
`papers
`being presented by United States
`company
`representatives, also by Telesat and, a landmark first time,
`by a Canadian Broadcasting Corporation representative.
`We are indebted to the many members of the CCTA
`Technical Committee and Subcommittees who have done
`so much over the last year to assist CCTA in it’s continuing
`efforts
`to
`“open
`the
`curtains wider’.
`CCTA
`extends it’s appreciation to both the authors and to those
`people who have contributed freely of their time to assist
`in the bringing together of
`the Technical Program,
`particularly to those who are members of the CCTA Con-
`vention Program and Technical Digest Technical Subcom-
`mittee: N. Hamilton-Piercy, R. McIntyre, G. Brothers,
`R.J. Ménard and J. Halina.
`
`Nest-il pas merveilleux de voir enfin le soleil) s’in-
`filtrer par la fenétre? Le mélange de chaleur et de lumiére
`qui s’en dégage est sernblable au sentiment qui existe
`aujourd"hui au sein de Vindustrie canadienne de la
`télédistribution. Le Conseil de la radiodiffusion et des
`telécommmunications canadiennes et le ministére des Com-
`munications ont grandement contribué a lavancement de
`Vindustrie au cours de Vannée écoulée. L’ attribution de
`licences de télé payante et les mesures visant la dérégle-
`mentation sont appréciées de tous les Canadiens.
`Cette année,
`le Dossier technique officiel arbore
`cette couleur d’optimisme. Vingt-six expasés hors pair
`couvriront tous les aspects de nos préoccupations techni-
`ques. L/ Institut de recherche en télécommunications par
`cable GRTC),
`les
`fabricants
`et
`fournisseurs,
`les
`iélédistributeurs et le gouvernement y ant fourni un apport
`considérable. Fait encourageant: des exposés nous vien-
`nent de représentants de compagnies ameéricaines, de
`Télésat et, grande premiére, d’un représentant de la Société
`Radio-Canada.
`
`Nous sommes reconnaissants aux nombreux mem-
`bres du Comité technique et des sous-comités de PACTC
`davoir tant appuyé |’Association dans la poursuite de ses
`elforts vers ““une fenétre plus dégagée"™’. L’ACTC remercie
`les auteurs et tous ceux qui ont offert de leur temps pour la
`réalisation du programme technique, et tout particuliére-
`ment
`les membres du Comité d'établissement du pro-
`gramme du congrés et du Sous-comite de rédaction des
`résumés techniques: N. Hamilton-Piercy, R. McIntyre, G.
`Brothers, R.J. Ménard et J. Halina.
`
` t
`
`
`
`
`
`
`George Cormack
`Vice-President Engineering /CCTA
`Le vice-président, Ingénierie, ACTC
`
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`

`THE NABU CONCEPT- DISTRIBUTED DATA PROCESSING VIA CABLE NETWORKS
`by
`John Lee Hughes,
`NABU Manufacturing Corporation,
`Ottawa, Ontario
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`THE NABU CONCEPT
`
`Microcomputers are becoming cheaper and more
`capable.However, softwere creation and distribution costs
`are rising, and cable operators are looking for new
`revenues, This paper describes NABU's entrepreneurial
`concept which provides the CATVeperator with several
`profitable opportunities and the customer with an
`obsolescence-resistant microcomputer. Same technical
`details of the equipment are described.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`NABU Manufacturing Corporation was formed
`with the intention of being Canada’s first major manufac-
`turer of microcomputers. NABU’s management felt that
`the strongest impediment to the sale of microcomputers on
`a large scale was the existing method of distributing soft-
`ware, Physical distribution of software through cassette or
`floppy disk was inappropriate to mass marketing because
`the buyer does mot have adequate information to make a
`buying decision. The current methodology of buying “off
`ihe rack”’ software is analogous to a consumer buying a
`record without ever having heard it played!
`The solution was to build microcomputers with ade-
`quate communications capability to enable the distribution
`of software by electronic means. The benefits would be as
`follows:-
`
`NABU was founded on the concept of marrying
`microcomputers with the cable industry. As a result,
`microcomputers will facilitate the delivery of many ex-
`citing new services to the home and business. The cable
`plant is the cornerstone of a broadband communications
`network including not only cable, but microwave and
`satellites as well, It is the first really viable alternative to
`the telephone company. By placing computers with large
`data bases at
`the head end software can be downline
`loaded, enabling subscribers in their homes and businesses
`io have access to enormous up-to-date program libraries
`for a monthly fee.
`
`ONE-WAY CABLE COMMUNICATIONS
`
`The NABU concept covers various communications
`patterns and topologies, from one-way cable broadcasting,
`through two-way cable communications, and on to an in-
`tergrated system involving many local and regional CATV
`networks interconnected by gateways. This paper describes
`the one-way system as it appears to have the most im-
`mediate appeal and lowest introduction cost.
`The one-way service provided is Digital Broadcast
`Data which involves encoding data (e.g. pages of informa-
`tion, software programs, etc.) into same form suitable for
`transmission on the CATV network. The head-end
`cyclically broadcasts the entire data base on the CATV net-
`work. The end user selects the Information of interest from
`a specific channel or sub-channel. A generic network
`topologyis illustrated in Figure 1.
`
`Figure |
`
`Topology of a Generic Cable System
`
`fa hn
`
`Su,
`
`
`
`|.
`Bd
`
`tas
`
`4,
`
`Software would be previewed before purchase.
`User documentation would be integrated into the soft-
`ware and accessed through a ““Help”’ command.
`Maintenance of software would be centrally control-
`led.
`‘The consumer would always have the latest version.
`A study of
`the communication parameters of
`telephone, data, and cable networks
`indicates many
`factors which would militate against using the telephone
`network as a distribution medium. Among the more
`obvious are low data transmission rate,
`low peak load
`handling capability,
`inability to receive telephone calls
`when using the home computer, and the cost penalty ofa
`measured, distance oriented billing system.
`Each channel of the cable system, on the other
`hand, can deliver data at rates exceeding ome thousand
`times that of a telephone circuit. Moreover, CATV pro-
`vides a full time, non-switched systern with no penalty for
`timed billing or distance from the data source. In addition,
`when used for data distribution, the coaxial cable can still
`be used to receive normal television programming.
`Having made the decision to use cable networks,
`other benefits soon became obvious. Cable operators
`would have new revenue potential
`through the sale of
`microcomputers and a whole range of data related services
`to their customers.
`
`
`
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`~~
`
`The following components reside al the studio or
`the head-end ofthe cable operator:-
`-~- Head-End Computer which stores and manages the
`applications software,
` Head-End Cable Adapter (HECA) which formats the
`data into several parallel bit streams for transmission
`on the CATV network. The HECA contains modu-
`laters, which modulate each serial bit streaminto
`appropriate analog signals, placing it into the TV fre-
`quency channel designated by the CATV operator.
`The Combiner at
`the CATV head-end mixes these
`data channels with regular television programs and
`transmits the signals to the hubs of the cable network
`and thence into the homes of subscribers via the coax-
`ial cable plant.
`At the terminal or customer end is the following
`equipment:
`~~ The Home Computer Cable Adapter (HCCA) which
`demodulates the data channels and re-formats the
`data for the Home Cable Computer. The HCCAis an
`addressable,
`tuneable intelligent modem with local
`and remote diagnostic capabilities.
`— The Home Cable Computer (HCC) which receives the
`data from the HCCA and executes the software (e.g.
`display audio-visual
`information, perform calcula-
`tions).
`Full Channel Data (FCD) encoding technique is
`employed for data transmission on the CATV network.
`Compared with Vertical Blanking Interval (VBI) or Full
`Frame Data (PFD) transmission, FCD has the following
`advantages:-
`ve
`higher aggregate data throughput per channel
`~ Higher reliability
`-— lower cost
`
`~~
`
`lower impact on cable loading and hence less impact
`on regulartelevision programmes
`‘The bit error rate (JER) performance of the com-
`munications channel (i.e. modulator, CATV network and
`demodulator) is expected to be better than | error in 10**8
`for most CATV systems. However, NABU is not depen-
`dent on this BER for successful operation. Error contral
`techniques are employed to ensure satisfactory per-
`formance over marginal CAT systems.
`
`HEAD-END CONFIGURATION
`
`The head end equipment consists of a Head-end
`Computer and a Head End Cable Adapter (HECA) as
`shown in Figure 1. The functions of these items are
`elaborated below.
`
`- The Head End Computer stores and manages applica-
`tions software from several sources. The software for
`each application is divided into segments, while each
`segment is sub-divided into data packets.
`~~ The digital portion of the HECA attaches special for-
`matting
`information
`(addresses,
`headers,
`flag
`characters) to each data packet according to a NABU
`proprietary protocol.
`
`— Each data packet can be addressed to all customers or
`to a specific customer, so giving the system a messag-
`ing capability in addition to that of software distribu-
`tion. The CATV operator can thereby address a
`customer or update an HCCA on a global or selective
`basis.
`— Each data channel occupies a regular 6 MHz TY slot
`and carries data at 4.8 Mb/s. The modulation techni-
`que was carefully chosen for high speed,
`low error
`rate, low costs for the HCCA and the HECA, and low
`impact on the CATV amplifiers.
`— Data can be transmitted on up to 4 TV channels. More
`channels may be used if required.
`—~ The centre frequency and the frequency offset of each
`data channel can be adjusted to meet the individual
`requirements of each CATVoperator.
`-— The signal
`levels of each modulated channel are
`individually adjustable by the CATVoperator.
`
`CUSTOMER-END CONFIGURATION
`
`The customer-end equipment contains the Home
`Computer Cable Adapter (HCCA) and the Home Cable
`Computer (HCC) as shown in Figure 2. The functions of
`each are described below:-
`
`Figure 2 Customer-End Equipment (Functional Block
`Diagram)
`
`ws
`
`
`
`
`-~- The HOCA can be tuned by the HCC ta any one of
`the 4 data channels being transmitted by the HECA.
`Alternatively, a video switch within the HCCA allows
`the cable signal to be fed to a regular TV set or a
`channel converter for watching TV programs.
`— The HCCA demodulates the data broadcast cycle
`from the data channel to which it is tuned
`
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`Depending on the information within the header of
`each packet, the HCCAeither rejects a packet, or ac-
`cepts and processes it. If the data is intended for (or
`was requested by) the HCC, it transfers the packet to
`the HCC,
`Each data packet may belong to a tier level dictated by
`the CATV operator. The customer may subscribe to
`any number of ters. The HOCA checks the tier level
`of each requested packet
`and does not
`send
`unauthorized packets to the HCC,
`The HCCA contains a number of indicator lamps so
`that
`the eustomer can help the CATV operator to
`tliagnose the location of any problem. This feature
`reduces service calls as well as repair time in the field.
`The Home Cable Computer receives the data fromthe
`HCCA and carries out the necessary application (e.g.
`display audio-visual information, play a game),
`
`Since the operating system as well as the charactersets
`of the HCC can be defined and changed from the
`head-end, the HCC can be made to perform a much
`wider variety of tasks than if it were an inflexible
`device.
`
`CONCLUSIONS
`
`‘The first versions of all these units went through
`successful technical trials in Ottawa in March 1982, Pro-
`duction quantities are expected in the latter part of 1982.
`NABU would be pleased to entertain enquiries and make
`technical results available to the cable industry.
`
`
`
`
`
`JOHN L. HUGHES
`
`John Lee Hughes is Vice President, Strategic Plan-
`ning for NABU Manufacturing Corporation.
`In this
`capacity, Mr. Hughes has overall responsibility for market
`research, advanced technology, and short and long range
`strategic planning.
`Mr. Hughes is a 1962 graduate of American Univer-
`sity with a business administration degree and has done ad-
`vanced studies in digital systems at Massachusetts Institute
`of Technology. He has held the position of Vice President,
`Data Systems at Citibank, N.A. and Vice President, Inter-
`active Products for Automated Data Processing, Inc., one
`of the largest computing service organizations in the
`world.
`
`A, frequent lecturer on the subject, Mr. Hughes has
`been appropriately termed ‘‘The Father of Distributed
`Processing’’.
`
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`
`
`CONVENTION TECHNICAL PROGRAM
`
`AND INDEX
`
`TUESDAY, TUNE 1 —~ 16:30 to 12:00,
`“PAY-TV TECHNICAL SESSION” — Chairman: Charmaine Eddy,
`Rogers Cablesystems Inc.
`
`Addressable Controlfor the Small System
`
`Charles “Chick” Eissler... ......... i
`
`Vidacom or System for Information on Demand (SUD)
`An Industry Approach to New Services
`
`Subscriber Terminal Evolution in RCI Systems
`
`Cable Pay-TVCost Analysis
`
`Michel Dufrense ...........00..2005 7
`
`George Green oo. ee eee 14
`
`Peter Parkingon.............- wee AO
`
`TUESDAY, JUNE 1 — 15:00 to 16:00
`“TECHNICIANS SESSION” — Chairman: Nick Hamilton-Piercy
`Rogers Cablesystems Inc.
`
`Subjective Assessment af Picture Quality
`
`Automated System Test Van — Fast,Accurate and
`Convenient
`
`Paul W. Kaiser
`Gary Mcintosh .........0.0........ 26
`
`Geoff Heathcote
`Mike Palmer... 000020 e ee wees 32
`
`WEDNESDAY, JUNE 2 — 10:30 to 12:0,
`“NEW SERVICES TECHNICAL SESSION” — Chairman Edwin R. Jermain
`Cablesystems Engineering Lid.
`
`Cebleguard: Makingif Work
`
`Commercial Data Communications over Cable
`- Television Facilities
`
`Office Communications — A Marketfor the
`Canadian Cable Industry?
`
`400 MHz Network Planning
`
`Charles Elliott
`Stuart Paterson... 0... eee AQ
`
`Peter Makowchik .....0.0...0.00005 A$
`
`Hans Brune... . 2. tees 50
`
`Norman J. Slater... .0.............34
`
`Transportation Trunks and theKnowledge Network
`
`Gary Brothers ....... bbe e enna Sg
`
`U
`
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`THURSDAY, JUNE 3 — 8:45 to 10:30,
`“RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT TECHNICAL SESSION’ — Chairman: Michel Dufresne
`Vidéotron Communications Lidge
`
`Infocable: NewServices for Small Cable Systems
`
`Field Experience with the Broadcast Telidon
`Trial at WETA PBS TVStation, Washington, D.C.
`
`A Demand Access Video System
`
`Audio Subcarriers an Microwave and Satellite Signals
`
`An Analysis of the Delivery af Scrambled
`TV Signals vie Direct Broadcast Satellites
`
`The Orion System — The Satellite Signal Contral
`and Piracy Solution
`
`Rick Simpson
`Stuart Paterson... 0... ee ee 60
`
`Chris Haslam... 0.0.20... 0 cence 64
`
`Elmer H. Hara
`R. lan MacDonald... 0... cece ee 69
`
`Ned Mountain
`Heing Wegener .. 0... ee ee 76
`
`Ken Hancock
`Dave Coll... ccc cee eens 83
`
`Orest J. Hanas
`Ir. Pieter den Toonder
`Frank Pennypacker.............-- 90
`
`THURSDAY, JUNE 3 — 8:45 to 10:30,
`“APPLICATIONS TECHNICAL SESSION” — Chairman: Rick Murphy,
`Communications Engineering Services Limited.
`
`Adaptive TechniquesforReducing Co-Channel
`and lmpulse Noise Disturbances
`
`Transportable TV Uplinks and High Quality
`Audio Channels on a 14/12 GHz Satellite
`
`Status Monitoring, with Vital Signs Equipment
`
`Distortion Improvements in 400-450 Mbt:
`Systems Using Tilted Output Levels
`
`A Feedforward Mini-Trunk, or Distribution
`Line, Amplifier with a Switchmode Power Supply
`
`The Use of Restricted Channels by Cable
`Television Systems
`
`Gerard Terreault........... beens 96
`
`André Bigras
`Dave Sward.... occ ccccccccccccce 49
`
`Adan J. Whitlock o......000200005 108
`
`.
`
`Ron Solomon... 0.0.0.0. 0502 enews 109
`
`Bob Blumenkrang .........0..055 110
`
`John Dexter... 0.0. eee Li4
`
`THURSDAY, JUNE 3 — 13:00 to 15:00,
`“TECHNICAL HIGHLIGHTS SESSION” — Chairman: George D. Cormack
`Canadian Cable Television Association
`
`Telidon for Cable — An Evolutionary Approach
`
`Don Marvin... ec cee eee lis
`
`A Coaxial Cable Communications Net work
`Architecturefor the 1980's & 1990's
`
`The NABU Concept - Distributed Data Processing
`via Cable Networks.
`
`Harry K. Davis ...... 000 ee eae 122
`
`John L. Hughes. ......0.0.00 00 eee 123
`
`|
`
`
`
`Ul
`
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`INDEX ET PROGRAMME TECHNIQUES DU CONGRES
`
`MARDI, ler JUIN —10h 30 — 12h
`“TELEVISION A PEAGE ATELIER TECHNIQUE” — Présidente: Charmaine Eddy,
`Rogers Cablesystems Inc.
`
`La commande addressable en petit systéme
`de idlédistribution
`
`Charles “Chick’’ Eissler... .....00405. 1
`
`SID, (VIDACOM) un scénario Industriel
`
`Michel Dufresne ......... voeveeeeal
`
`L’évolution des terminaux d’abonnés dans les
`systémes ACI
`
`Analyse des colts de la télévision a péage
`télédistrilnde
`
`George Green oe ee 14
`
`Peter Parkinson... 00.0.0 ce 20
`
`MLAIRIDI, ler JUIN — 15h —- 16h
`“ATELIER POUR LES TECHNICIENS” — Président: Nick Hamilton-Piercy,
`Rogers Cablesystems Inc.
`
`Evaluation subjective de la qualité de Vvimage
`
`Lafourgonnetite d’essal aulomatisée — une
`méthode rapide, pratique et précise
`
`Paul W. Kaiser
`Gary Mcintosh ...0.0....-.0000065 26
`
`Geoff Heathcote
`Mike Palmer ........... cae e eee 32
`
`MERCREDI, 2 JUIN — 10h 30—- 12h
`“LES NOUVEAUX SERVICES ATELIER TECHNIQUE” — Président: Edwin RB. Jarmain,
`Cablesystems Engineering Lid.
`
`Comment assurer Vefficacité du service
`CABLEGUARD
`
`La télécommunication de données commerciales
`par la télédistribution
`
`Charles Elliott
`Stuart Paterson... 2.00.02. 20552 05 AQ
`
`Peter Makowchik .....0...0..00005 45
`
`Un réseau cable pour les communications entre bureaux
`
`Hans Brune... 6... eee 50
`
`La planification des réseaux en 400MHz
`
`Les voles de transmission et le réseau de
`matiere grise
`
`
`
`Norman J. Slater... 0. ee ee 54
`
`Gary Brothers 0.00 0. cn ee eee 59
`
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`JEUDI, 3 JUIN — 8h 45 — 10h 30
`“.A RECHERCHE ET LE DEVELOPPEMENT ATELIER TECHNIQUE’ —~ Président: Michel Dufresne,
`Vidéotron Communications Ltée
`
`Infocable: Les nouveaux services etles petits
`systémes de télédistribution
`
`Essai sur le terrain du systéme Télidané la station
`de télévision PAS WETA de Washington (D.C
`
`Un systéme vidéo d’accés @ la demande
`
`Sous-porteuses audio en signaux hyperfréquences et
`satellites
`
`Rick Simpson
`Stuart Paterson... 000000 a ee eee 60
`
`Chris Haslam... 000. ee 64
`
`Elmer H. Hara
`KR. lan MacDonald. ........ 0.0.0.0. 69
`
`Ned Mountain
`Heing Wegener . 00000 ee ee 76
`
`Analyse dela transmission des signaux
`brouillés de télévision par satellite de radiodiffusion directe
`
`Ken Hancock
`Dave Coll oo. cee eee 83
`
`Le systéme Orion —~ le coniréle du signal satellisé
`comme moyen de supprimer les caplages Ulicites
`
`Orest J, Nanas
`Ir. Pieter den Toonder
`Frank Pennypacker ..... 0.0.0.0... oO
`
`JEUDI3 JUIN —8h 45 — 10h 30
`“LES APPLICATIONS ATELIER TECHNIQUE” — Président: Rick Murphy,
`Communications Engineering Services Limited.
`
`Techniques souples de réduction des interferences de
`canal adjacent et des impulsions parasites.
`
`Liens ascendants transportables de télévision et voies
`audio de qualité grace @ un satellite 14-12 GHz
`
`Gérard Terreault .. 0.00. 02 eee 96
`
`André Bigras
`Dave Sward.ce ee 99
`
`Contréle d'état au mayen d'un logiciel Vital Signs
`
`Alan J. Whitlock 0.0.0.0. 00a ae 108
`
`L'inelinaison des niveaux de sortie comme mayende
`supprimer les distorsions en systémes de 400-430 GHz
`
`Un amplificateur de mini-circuit ou ligne de distribution @
`commande prédictive ef @ alimentation commutable
`
`L’utilisation par les systémes de
`télédistribution de canaux restreints
`
`Ron Solomon... . 0.0. cee ee LOG
`
`Bob Blumenkranz .....0.0..02.0045 110
`
`John Dexter... 0. ce eee Ll4
`
`JEUDI 3 JUIN 13h — 15h
`“FAITS SAULLANTS EN TECHNIQUE” — Président: George D. Cormack,
`Association canadienne de tdlévision par cable
`
`Télidon en télédistribution: son évolution
`
`Don Marvin... 0... 0.000000005 oe LEB
`
`Un réseau de télédistribution coaxial dans les
`-@nndes [980 et 1990
`
`Le concentNABU:la (élématique par vole de
`réseaux de télédistribution
`
`Harry K. Davis .. 0.0.6. ee eee 122
`
`John L. Hughes. .....0.00.-0000- 123
`
`
`
`PMC Exhibit 2128
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 9
`
`
`
`
`
`PMC Exhibit 2128
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 9
`
`