`Digital Repository @ Iowa State University
`
`Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
`
`1994
`
`The effect of liquid inundation, vapor shear, and
`non-condensible gases on the condensation of
`refrigerants HFC-134a and HCFC-123
`Lance Edward Rewerts
`Iowa State University
`
`Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd
`Part of the Mechanical Engineering Commons
`
`Recommended Citation
`Rewerts Lance Edward "The effect of l qu d nundat on vapor shear and non condens ble gases on the condensat on of refr gerants
`HFC 134a and HCFC 123 " (1994). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. Paper 11311.
`
`Th s D sse a o s b oug o you o ee a d ope access by D g a Repos o y @ Iowa S a e U ve s y. I as bee accep ed o c us o
`Re ospec ve Theses a d D sse a o s by a au o zed ad
`s a o o D g a Repos o y @ Iowa S a e U ve s y. Fo o e
`o
`a o , p ease
`co ac
`e uku@ as a e.edu.
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`Page 1 of 226
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`The effect of liquid inundation, vapor shear, and non-condensible
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`gases on the condensation of refrigerants HFC-134a and
`HCFC-123
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`Rewerts, Lance Edward, Ph.D.
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`Iowa State University, 1994
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`U-M-I
`300 N. Zecb Rd.
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
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`ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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`NOMENCLATURE .
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`CHAPTER 1.
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`INTRODUCTION
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`Scope of Research Project
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`CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW
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`Introduction
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`Condensation with Non-condensible Gases
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`CHAPTER 3. EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS
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`Test Section
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`CHAPTER 4. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES .
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`Vapor shear and liquid inundation with HCFC-123
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`Combined vapor shear and liquid inundation results .
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`CHAPTER 5. THE EFFECT OF NON-CONDENSIBLE GASES ON THE CON-
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`DENSATION OF HCFC-123
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`Results of the 26-fpi Geometry
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`Row-by-row performance .
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`Bundle performance .
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`CHAPTER 6. HFC-l34AlNUNDATl0N RESULTS .
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`Results for the 40-fpi Geometry .
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`CHAPTER 7. HCFC-123 INUNDATION AND VAPOR SHEAR RESULTS .
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`Performance as a function of T3“,
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`Results for the G-SC Geometry .
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`Performance as a function of Reynolds number
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`Comparisons Between Tube Geometries .
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`. 145
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`. 147
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`CHAPTER 8. CONCLUSIONS .
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`SummaryofHFC-134a Data .
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`Summary of HCFC-123 Data .
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`Liquid inundation and vapor shear tests
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`BIBLIOGRAPHY .
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`APPENDIX A. DERIVATION OF UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS EQUATIONS .
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`. 155
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`APPENDIX B. TABULATED HCFC-123 NON-CONDENSIBLE GAS DATA .
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`APPENDIX C. TABULATED HFC-134a INUNDATION DATA .
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`APPENDIX D. TABULATED HCFC-123 SHEAR AND INUNDATION DATA .
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`. 187
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`Page 11 of 226
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`LIST OF TABLES
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`Table 2.1:
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`Coefficients and exponents for Equation 2.21 found by Webb (1990)
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`using CFC-llon five in-line tubes .
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`Table 3.1:
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`Tube geometry specifications .
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`15
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`32
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`33
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`Table 3.2:
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`Table 3.3:
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`Table 4.1:
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`Table 4.2:
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`Tube internal enhancement specifications
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`Uncertainties in the measured parameters
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`STC for the four tube geometries .
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`Volumes of N2 injected into test section.
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`Table 4.3:
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`Test section conditions for a 30-row bundle simulation; refrigerant
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`flow rate, water flow rate, water temperature held constant .
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`Table 6.1:
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`Coefficients and exponents for Equation 6.2 .
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`Table 7.1:
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`Coeflicients and exponents for Equation 7.2 .
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`1 15
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`Table B.l:
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`Refrigerant-side data for the 26-fpi geometry with non-condensible
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`gas contamination in HCFC-123 condensation .
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`. I62
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`Table B.2:
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`Water-side data for the 26-fpi geometry with non-condensible gas
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`contamination in HCFC-123 condensation .
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`. I63
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`Table B.3:
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`Row data for the 26-fpi geometry with non-condensible gas contam-
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`Table B.4:
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`Shell-side heat transfer coefficients and uncertainties for the 26-fpi
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`geometry with non-condensible gas contamination in HCFC-I23
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`condensation .
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`Table B.5:
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`Refrigerant-side data for the 40-fpi geometry with non-condensible
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`gas contamination in HCFC-I23 condensation .
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`Water-side data for the 40-fpi geometry with non-condensible gas
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`contamination in HCFC-I23 condensation .
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`Table B.8:
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`Shell-side heat transfer coefficients and uncertainties for the 40-fpi
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`geometry with non-condensible gas contamination in HCFC-I23
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`condensation .
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`Refrigerant-side data for the Tu-Cii geometry with non-condensible
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`gas contamination in HCFC-I23 condensation .
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`Table B.l0:
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`Water-side data for the Tu-Cii geometry with non-condensible gas
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`contamination in HCFC-I23 condensation .
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`. 171
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`Table B.1 1:
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`Row data for the Tu-Cii geometry with non-condensible gas con-
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`tamination in HCFC-I23 condensation .
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`. I72
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`Table B. 12:
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`Shell-side heat transfer coefficients and uncertainties for the Tu-Cii
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`geometry with non-condensible gas contamination in HCFC-I23
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`condensation .
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`Table B.l3:
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`Refrigerant-side data for the G-SC geometry with non-condensible
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`gas contamination in HCFC-I23 condensation .
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`. 174
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`Table B.l4:
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`Water-side data for the G-SC geometry with non-condensible gas
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`contamination in HCFC-I23 condensation .
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`. I75
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`Page 13 of 226
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`Table B.l5:
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`Row data for the G-SC geometry with non-condensible gas contam-
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`ination in HCFC-123 condensation .
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`. I76
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`Table B.l6:
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`Shell-side heat transfer coefficients and uncertainties for the G-SC
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`geometry with non-condensible gas contamination in HCFC-123
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`. 177
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`condensation .
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`Table C. 1:
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`Table C.2:
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`Table C.3:
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`Table C.4:
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`Table C.5:
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`Table C.6:
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`Refrigerant-side data for the 26-fpi geometry in HFC-134a inundation l 79
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`Water-side data for the 26-fpi geometry in HFC-134a inundation .
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`. l79
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`Row data for the 26-fpi geometry in HFC-134a inundation
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`. I80
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`Shell-side heat transfer coefiicients and uncertainties for the 26-fpi
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`geometry in HFC-134a inundation .
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`. 180
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`Refrigerant-side data for the 40-fpi geometry in HFC-134a inundationl8l
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`Water-side data for the 40-fpi geometry in HFC-l34a inundation .
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`. l8l
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`. 182
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`Table C.7:
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`Table C.8:
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`Table C.9:
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`Table C. 10:
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`Table C.1 I:
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`Row data for the 40-fpi geometry in HFC-134a inundation
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`Shell-side heat transfer coefficients and uncertainties for the 40-fpi
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`geometry in HFC-134a inundation .
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`. 182
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`Refrigerant—side data for the Tu-Cii geometry in HFC-134a inundation I83
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`Water—side data for the Tu-Cii geometry in HFC-134a inundation .
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`. 183
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`Row data for the Tu-Cii geometry in HFC-134a inundation .
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`. 184
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`
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`Table C.l2:
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`Shell-side heat transfer coefficients and uncertainties for the Tu-Cii
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`geometry in HFC-134a inundation .
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`Refrigerant-side data for the G-SC geometry in HFC-134a inundation 185
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`Water—side data for the G-SC geometry in HFC-134a inundation .
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`Row data for the G-SC geometry in HFC-l34a inundation .
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`. 186
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`Shell-side heat transfer coefficients and uncertainties for the G-SC
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`geometry in HFC-l34a inundation .
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`Page 14 of 226
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`Table D.5:
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`Table D6:
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`Table D7:
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`Table D.8:
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`Refrigerant-side data for the 26-fpi geometry in HCFC-123 inundation 188
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`Water-side data for the 26-fpi geometry in HCFC-123 inundation .
`
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`. 188
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`Row data for the 26-fpi geometry in HCFC-I23 inundation .
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`. 189
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`Shell-side heat transfer coefiicients and uncertainties for the 26-fpi
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`geometry in HCFC-123 inundation .
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`. I89
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`Refrigerant-side data for the 40-fpi geometry in HCFC— l 23 inundation 190
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`Water‘-side data for the 40-fpi geometry in I-ICFC-123 inundation .
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`. 190
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`Row data for the 40-fpi geometry in HCFC-I23 inundation .
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`. l9l
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`Shell-side heat transfer coefficients and uncertainties for the 40-fpi
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`geometry in HCFC—l23 inundation .
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`Table D.9:
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`Table D.l0:
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`Table D.l 1:
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`Refrigerant-side data for the Tu—Cii geometry in HCFC-123 inundation 192
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`Water-side data for the Tu—Cii geometry in HCFC—l23 inundation .
`. 192
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`Row data for the Tu—Cii geometry in HCFC— I23 inundation .
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`. 193
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`
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`Table D.l2:
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`Shell-side heat transfer coefiicients and uncertainties for the Tu—Cii
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`geometry in HCFC-123 inundation .
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`Refrigerant-side data for the G-SC geometry in HCFC-123 inundation l94
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`Water-side data for the G-SC geometry in HCFC-123 inundation .
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`Row data for the G-SC geometry in HCFC-123 inundation
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`Shell-side heat transfer coefficients and uncertainties for the G-SC
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`geometry in HCFC-123 inundation .
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`LIST OF FIGURES
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`Figure 2.1:
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`Schematic of condensation and condensate flooding of a finned tube
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`8
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`Figure 2.2:
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`Schematic of different condensate flow patterns.
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`(a) Nusselt con-
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`densation, (b) staggered bundle flow, (c) turbulent dripping, (d) hor-
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`izontal vapor flow with shear. (Marto, 1991) .
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`Figure 2.3:
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`Schematic ofcondensation in the presence ofnon-condensible gases.
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`Boundary layer temperature and pressure distributions. (Webb and
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`Figure 3.1:
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`Schematic of experimental test facility .
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`Schematic of bundle tube sheet .
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`Figure 3.3:
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`Cross section of test bundle with inundation apparatus .
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`Figure 4.1:
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`Water-side STC data for the 26-fpi and 40-fpi geometries
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`Figure 4.2:
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`Water-side STC data for the Tu-Cii and G-SC geometries .
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`Figure 5.1:
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`Average shell-side bundle heat transfer coefficient vs. LMTD for the
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`26-fpi bundle at various nitrogen concentrations during condensation
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`Page 16 of 226
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`Figure 5.2:
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`Average shell-side bundle heat transfer coefficient vs. heat flux for
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`the 26-fpi bundle at various nitrogen concentrations in condensation
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`Figure 5.3:
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`Average shell-side row heat transfer coeflicient vs. row number for
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`the 26-fpi bundle at various nitrogen concentrations during conden-
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`Figure 5.4:
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`Average shell-side row heat transfer coefficient vs. row number for
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`the 26-fpi bundle at various nitrogen concentrations during conden-
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`Figure 5.5:
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`Average shell-side row heat transfer coeflicient vs. row number for
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`the 26-fpi bundle at various nitrogen concentrations during conden-
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`sation with HCFC-123; average bundle heat flux = 29,300 W/m2
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`Figure 5.6:
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`Average shell-side row heat transfer coeflicient vs. row number for
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`the 26-fpi bundle at various nitrogen concentrations during conden-
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`Figure 5.7:
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`Average shell-side bundle heat transfer coefficient vs. LMTD for the
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`40-fpi bundle at various nitrogen concentrations during condensation
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`Figure 5.8:
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`Average shell-side bundle heat transfer coefficient vs. heat flux for
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`the 40-fpi bundle at various nitrogen concentrations in condensation
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`with HCFC- 123
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`Page 17 of 226
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`Figure 5.9:
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`Average shell-side row heat transfer coefficient vs. row number for
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`the 40-fpi bundle at various nitrogen concentrations during conden-
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`sation with HCFC-123; average bundle heat flux = 20,200 W/m2
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`Figure 5.10:
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`Average shell-side row heat transfer coeflicient vs. row number for
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`the 40-fpi bundle at various nitrogen concentrations during conden-
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`Figure 5.11:
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`Average shell-side row heat transfer coefficient vs. row number for
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`the 40-fpi bundle at various nitrogen concentrations during conden-
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`sation with HCFC-123; average bundle heat flux = 29,300 W/m2
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`Figure 5.12:
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`Average shell-side row heat transfer coefficient vs. row number for
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`the 40-fpi bundle at various nitrogen concentrations during conden-
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`Figure 5.13:
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`Average shell-side bundle heat transfer coefficient vs. LMTD for the
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`Tu-Cii bundle at various nitrogen concentrations during condensa-
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`Figure 5.14:
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`Average shell-side bundle heat transfer coefficient vs. heat flux for
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`Figure 5.15: Average shell-side row heat transfer coefficient vs. row number for
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`the Tu-Cii bundle at various nitrogen concentrations during conden-
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`sation with I-ICFC-123; average bundle heat flux = 20,200 W/m2
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`Figure 5.16: Average shell-side row heat transfer coefficient vs. row number for
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`the Tu-Cii bundle at various nitrogen concentrations during conden-
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`sation with HCFC-123; average bundle heat flux = 25,000 W/m2
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`Figure 5.17: Average shell-side row heat transfer coefficient vs. row number for
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`the Tu-Cii bundle at various nitrogen concentrations during conden-
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`sation with HCFC-123; average bundle heat flux = 29,300 W/m2
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`81
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`Figure 5.18: Average shell-side row heat transfer coefficient vs. row number for
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`the Tu-Cii bundle at various nitrogen concentrations during conden-
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`sation with HCFC-123; average bundle heat flux = 33,900 W/m2
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`Figure 5.19: Average shell-side bundle heat transfer coefficient vs. LMTD for the
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`G-SC bundle at various nitrogen concentrations during condensation
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`with HCFC-123
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`Figure 5.20: Average shell-side bundle heat transfer coeflicient vs. heat flux for the
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`G-SC bundle at various nitrogen concentrations during condensation
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`with HCFC-123
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`Page 19 of 226
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`Figure 5.21:
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`Average shell—side row heat transfer coefficient vs. row number for
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`the G-SC bundle at various nitrogen concentrations during conden-
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`sation with HCFC-l23; average bundle heat flux = 20,200 W/m2
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`86
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`Figure 5.22:
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`Average shell-side row heat transfer coefficient vs. row number for
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`sation with HCFC-123; average bundle heat flux = 25,000 W/m2
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`86
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`Figure 5.23:
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`Average shell-side row heat transfer coefficient vs. row number for
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`the G-SC bundle at various nitrogen concentrations during conden-
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`sation with HCFC-123; average bundle heat flux = 29,300 W/m2
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`87
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`Figure 5.24:
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`Average shell-side row heat transfer coefficient vs. row number for
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`the G-SC bundle at various nitrogen concentrations during conden-
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`sation with HCFC-l23; average bundle heat flux = 33,900 W/m2
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`Figure 5.25:
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`Average shell-side bundle heat transfer coefficient vs. heat flux for
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`89
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`Figure 5.26:
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`Average shell-side bundle heat transfer coefficient vs. LMTD for the
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`four test bundles at various nitrogen concentrations during conden-
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`Page 20 of 226
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`Figure 5.27:
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`Average shell-side row heat transfer coefficient vs. row number for
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`the fo