AaC,LLn,NOIMmETNImmHMEW
`EXHIBIT 1017
`
`WEATHERFORD INTERNATIONAL, LLC, et al.
`V.
`
`PACKERS PLUS ENERGY SERVICES INC
`March 13, 1956
`March 13, 1956
`
`J.LYNES
`J. LYNES
`OIL WELL TOOL
`OIL WELL TOOL
`
`2,738,013
`2,738,013
`
`Filed Sept. 5, 1952
`Filed Sept. 5, 1952
`
`8 Sheets—Sheet 1
`8 Sheets-Sheet 1
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`ATTORNEYS
`ATTORNEYS
`
`
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`

`
`March ‘13, 1956
`March ‘13, 1956
`
`Filed Sept. 5, 1952
`Filed Sept. 5, 1952
`
`J. LYNES
`J. LYNES
`OIL WELL TOOL
`OIL WELL TOOL
`
`2,738,013
`2,738,013
`
`8 Sheets-Sheet 2
`8 Sheets-Sheet 2
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`INVENTORI
`INVENTORI
`John 1; ‘972,25,
`John Ziynes,
`
`BY
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`BY M '3 f: \
`
`ATTORNEY5
`ATTORNEYS
`
`
`
`

`
`March 13, 1956
`
`Filed Sept. 5, 1952
`
`J.LYNES
`
`OIL WELL TOOL
`
`2,738,013
`
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`ATTORNEYS
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`J. LYNES
`J. LYNES
`OIL WELL TOOL
`OIL WELL TOOL
`
`é,738,t79i3
`
`8 Sheets—Sheet 4
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`March 13, 1956
`March 13, 1956
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`Filed Sept. 5, 1952
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`ATTORNEYS
`ATTORNEYS
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`March 13, 1956
`March 13, 1956
`
`Filed Sept. 5, 1952
`Filed Sept. 5, 1952
`
`J.LYNES
`J. LYNES
`OIL WELL TOOL
`OIL WELL TOOL
`
`2,738,013
`2,738,013
`
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`Nlarch 13, 1956
`.March 13, 1956
`
`J, LYNEs
`J. LYNES
`on. wm. TOOL
`on WELL TOOL
`
`2,738,013
`2,733,013
`
`Filed Sept. 5, 1952
`Filed Sept. 5, 1952
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`INVENTOR .'
`INVEN R.‘
`John Lynes,
`John Lyne ,
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`BY
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`ATTORNEYS
`ATTORNEYS
`
`

`
`March 13, 1956
`
`Filed Sept. 5. 1952
`
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`J. LYNES
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`OIL WELL TOOL
`
`2,738,013
`
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`ATTORNEYS
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`J.LYNE$
`J. LYNES
`OIL WELL TOOL
`OIL WELL TOOL
`
`2,738,013
`2,738,013
`
`8 Sheets—Sheet 8
`8 Sheets-Sheet 8
`
`March 13, 1956
`March 13, 1956
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`Joim Lynes
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`ATTORNEYS
`ATTORNEYS
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`United ‘States Patent‘O
`United States Patei,1it‘ffice
`1C6
`
`2,738,013
`_
`2,738,013
`_
`Patented Mar. 13, 1956
`Patented Mar. 13, 1956
`
` 1
`
`1
`
`2,738,013
`2,738,013
`OIL WELL TOOL
`OIL WELL TOOL
`John Lynes, Albuquerque, N. Mex., assignor‘to Oil Re
`John Lynes, Albuquerque, N. Mex., assignorto Oil Re-
`covery Corporation, Albuquerque, N. Mex., a corpo
`covery Corporation, Albuquerque, N. Mex., a corpo-
`ration of New Mexico
`ration of New Mexico
`Application September 5, 1952, Serial No. 307,958
`Application September 5, 1952, Serial No. 307,958
`13 Claims. (Cl. 166-147)
`13 Claims.
`(Cl. 166-147)
`
`"10
`"10
`
`15
`
`20
`20
`
`25
`25
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`30
`30
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`2
`2
`to be longitudinally compressed between metallic sup~
`to be longitudinally compressed between metallic sup-
`porting means by the action of a powerful ring-type pis
`porting means by the action of a powerful ring-type pis-
`ton or ram, hydraulically operated by water, gas, or other
`ton or ram, hydraulically operated by water, gas, or other
`?uid pumped into the ram cylinder from the surface
`fluid pumped into the ram cylinder from the surface
`through the supporting drill pipe or tubing.
`through the supporting drill pipe or tubing.
`Special advantages reside in the split-sleeve composi
`Special advantages reside in the split-sleeve composi-
`tion of the packers and the bonding together of all sleeves
`tion of the packers and the bonding together of all sleeves
`at the respective ends.
`V
`at the respective ends.
`1
`The resilient components of each packer are uniquely
`The resilient components of each packer are uniquely
`designed to withstand a very high compressive action
`designed to withstand a very high compressive action
`delivered by the piston and thereby to wad up and by
`delivered by the piston and thereby to wad up and by
`lateral enlargement to be pressed with great force against
`lateral enlargement to be pressed with great force against
`the walls of the formation.
`the walls of the formation.
`A
`The‘ split-sleeve construction makes possible a very
`The split-sleeve construction makes possible a very
`high degree of lateral enlargement 'in contrast to' the,
`high degree of lateral enlargement ‘in contrast
`to’ the,
`case where a tubular sleeve might be used. This feature
`case where a tubular sleeve might be used. This feature
`makes it possible to employ resilient packer members of
`makes it possible to employ resilient packer members of
`small diameter prior to their actuation, leaving a sub
`small diameter prior to their actuation,
`leaving a sub-
`stantial clearance when the tool is being lowered or
`stantial clearance when the tool
`is being lowered or
`raised in the well bore. This is of vital importance and
`raised in the well bore. This is of vital importance and
`greatly reduces hazards of the tool sticking in the well
`greatly reduces hazards of the tool sticking in the well
`bore and ruining the well, as has occurred frequently
`bore and ruining the well, as has occurred frequently
`withmany conventional packer tools now in use. For
`withmany conventional packer tools now in use. For
`example, for a well bore of six inch diameter, the tool
`example, for a well bore of six inch diameter, the tool
`according to the invention may be constructed with
`according to the invention may be constructed with
`packer‘members of four inch diameter in their disengaged
`packermembers of four inch diameter in their disengaged
`condition, whereas many conventional packer tools have
`condition, whereas many conventional packer tools have
`a very narrow tolerance with respect to the well bore be-
`a very narrow tolerance with respect to the Well bore be
`cause their construction may not permit a lateral en-v
`cause their construction may not permit a lateral en-
`largement for setting purposes greater than one-quarter
`largement for setting purposes greater than one-quarter
`inch.
`'
`inch.
`'
`The resilient packer members are capable of ‘exerting
`The resilient packer members are capable of ‘exerting
`a compression against formations of approximately
`compression against
`formations of approximately
`a
`50,000 pounds per square inch, a force much greater
`50,000 pounds per square inch, a force much greater
`than can be delivered through standard drill pipe or
`than can be delivered through standard drill pipe or
`tubing. At the same time these members are remark-
`tubing. At the same time these members are remark
`ably rugged and of long life. In this connection, the
`ably rugged and of long life.
`In this connection,
`the
`packer construction according to the invention may be
`packer construction according to the invention may be
`contrasted with the ordinary types of squeeze packer
`contrasted with the ordinary types of squeeze packer
`tools which are merely designed to provide a relatively
`tools which are merely designed to provide as relatively
`weak seal-off of a selected formation for testing or
`weak seal-01f of a selected formation for testing or
`sampling, and which are incapable of delivering the
`sampling, and which are incapable of delivering the
`formation-cracking forces of which the invention is ca?
`formation—cracking forces of which the invention is ca-
`pable. Such conventional packer tools usually employ
`pable. Such conventional packer tools usually employ
`elastic packer elements which are hydraulically in?ated
`elastic packer elements which are hydraulically inflated
`by pressure delivered from the surface of the well. Such
`by pressure delivered from the surface of the well. Such
`-. packer elements, while undergoing the requisite inflation,
`- packer elements, while undergoing the requisite in?ation,
`are made pervious to the ingress of damaging ?uids,
`are made pervious to the ingress of damaging fluids,
`gases, and solids in the well which enter the pores of
`gases, and solids in the well which enter the pores of
`the material under great pressure. Consequently such
`the material under great pressure. Consequently such
`packers are short lived. By contrast, the resilient packer
`packers are short lived. By contrast, the resilient packer
`. members of this invention are not inflated, but forced by
`. members of this invention are not in?ated, but forced by
`longitudinal compression into lateral enlargement and
`longitudinal compression into lateral enlargement and’
`engagement‘ of the formation.
`engagement‘ of the formation.
`Another important feature of the packer assembly lies
`Another important feature of the packer assembly lies
`in the various means whereby each end of the resilient
`in the various means whereby each end of the resilient
`members is strongly and securely held between steel
`members is strongly and securely held between steel
`collars formed of layers of steel elements designed ac
`collars formed of layers of steel elements designed ac-
`cording to the invention to prevent tearing, rupture or
`cording to the invention to prevent tearing, rupture or
`other damage to the resilient means, and also to with
`other damage to the resilient means, and also to with-
`stand external pressures during treating operations, whichv
`stand external pressures during treating operations, which’
`arise from the external column of well ?uid. Preferred
`arise from the external column of well fluid. Preferred
`types of this end construction and their advantages will
`types of this end construction and their advantages will
`be’-further described hereinafter.
`be- further described hereinafter.
`Another important advantage lies in the means pro?
`Another important advantage lies in the means pro?
`vided in the invention for its positive and accurate con-
`vided in the invention for its positive and accurate con
`. trol from the surface. The invention is adapted to be
`. trol from the surface. The invention is adapted to be
`lowered into the well bore at the end of a long supporting
`lowered into the well bore at the end of a long supporting
`pipe such as drill pipe or tubing, generally referred to ‘as
`pipe such as drill pipe or tubing, generally referred to ‘as
`the supporting pipe. This pipe is capable of manipula
`the ‘supporting pipe. This pipe is capable of manipula-
`tion in three ways by the operator at the surface: it may
`tion in three ways by the operator at the surface: it may
`= V be raised or lowered, or it may be rotated in a clock-
`= r be raised or lowered, or it may be rotated in a clock
`
`This invention relates to an oil well tool useful in the
`This invention relates to an oil well tool useful in the
`recovery of oil or gas from formations which require
`recovery of oil or gas from formations which require
`various treating operations in order to render them
`various treating operations in order
`to render
`them
`productive.
`,
`productive.
`7
`It is generally recognized that the industry is presently
`It is generally recognized that the industry is presently
`recovering only about 70 percent of the oil contained in
`recovering only about 70 percent of the oil contained in
`oil bearing formations. The remainder is left locked in
`oil bearing formations. The remainder is left locked in
`its natural state awaiting development of more scienti?c
`its natural state awaiting development of more scientific
`means and methods for its recovery.
`_
`,
`means and methods for its recovery.
`_
`‘
`Most hydrocarbon substances such as oil and gas are
`Most hydrocarbon substances such as oil and gas are
`deposited in hard-type formations geologically identi?ed
`deposited in hard-type formations geologically identified
`as sandstone, limestone and shale.
`It is diificult for the
`as sandstone, limestone and shale. It is dil?cult for the
`oil to flow through these close-grained formations until
`oil to flow through these close-grained formations until
`the formations themselves have been broken up. Early
`the formations themselves have been broken up. Early
`methods for breaking down such formations were char
`methods for breaking down such formations were char-
`acterized by the use of high explosives which in most
`acterized by the use of high explosives which in most
`cases were found to be detrimental to the well bore as—
`cases were found to be detrimental to the well bore as‘
`well as extremely hazardous to drilling personnel. Later
`well as extremely hazardous to drilling personnel. Later
`methods which appear to be more satisfactory in break
`methods which appear to be more satisfactory in break-
`ing down the formations so that the content thereof may:
`ing down the formations so that the content thereof may:
`be recovered in greaterquantities, are characterized by'
`be recovered in greaterquantities, are characterized by‘
`the injection of treating agents, such as acids or other
`the injection of treating agents, such as acids or other
`chemicals.
`chemicals.
`Large numbers of wells are abandoned annually and
`Large numbers of wells are abandoned annually and
`in some cases areas that could be developed intofields
`in some cases areas that could be developed into'?elds'
`of considerable size are lost, due to the lack of mechan-
`of considerable size are lost, due to the lack of mechan
`ical means for breaking down oil well formations‘ sufli
`ical means for breaking down oil well formations‘ sufli-
`ciently to allow treating agents to be forcedunder high
`ciently to allow treating agents to be forcedunder high
`pressure back into the formations so that the formations
`pressure back into the formations so that the formations
`can be forced to yield their fluid content in commercial
`can be forced to yield their ?uid content in commercial
`quantities. Since most chemical agents now in use must‘
`quantities. Since most chemical agents now in use must‘
`be quickly forced back into the formations in order‘ to
`be quickly forced back into the formations in order‘ to
`obtain the best results, it is apparent that, if the'walls of
`obtain the best results, it is apparent that, if thewalls of
`the formation can be broken down into cracks and crevices
`the formation can be broken down into cracks and crevices
`in an operation preceding the injection of treating agents,
`in an operation preceding the injection of treating agents,
`the formations will more readily absorb such treatin
`the formations will more readily absorb such treating
`350
`50
`agents and the elfect of them will be greatly enhanced. ‘
`agents and the effect of them will be greatly enhanced.
`,
`Accordingly, the general object of this invention is to
`Accordingly, the general object of this invention is to
`provide an oil well tool which is not only useful in‘ seal
`provide an oil -well tool which is not only useful in‘ seal-
`ing ofl oil or gas bearing formations selected for treat-
`ing o? oil orv gas bearing formations selected for treat
`ment but also in cracking and breaking down the forma
`ment but also in cracking and breaking down the forma-
`tions themselves by the application of considerable force
`tions themselves by the application of considerable force
`delivered by the tool.
`delivered by the tool.
`‘Another object of the invention is to provide a well
`‘Another object of the invention is to provide a well
`tool capable of operation under all conditions encountered
`tool capable of operation under all conditions encountered
`in the drilling of wells. Such Wells are frequently drilled
`in the drilling of wells. Such wells are frequently drilled
`in excess of 15,000 feet and encounter temperatures in
`in excess of 15,000 feet and encounter temperatures in
`excess of 300 degrees F., and pressures in excess of 12,000 ’
`excess of 300 degrees F., and -pressures in excess of 12,000 ’
`pounds per square inch. The invention will
`pounds per square inch. The invention will
`successfully
`successfully
`perform under such conditions.
`i
`perform under such conditions.
`,
`The tool assembly comprising the invention primarily
`The tool assembly comprising the invention primarily
`consists of one or more packer assemblies, generally used
`consists of one or more packer assemblies, generally used
`in pairs, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, al
`in pairs, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, al-
`though the invention contemplates the use of one packer
`though the invention contemplates the use of one packer
`or a plurality thereof at dilferent levels in the well.
`‘
`or a plurality thereof at different levels in the well. ‘
`An important advantage of the invention lies in the
`An important advantage of the invention lies in the
`70
`70
`composition of each such packer, which is formed of a
`composition of each such packer, which is formed of a
`plurality of sleeves or layers of resilient material adapted
`plurality of sleeves or layers of resilient material adapted‘
`
`65
`65
`
`~
`~
`
`55
`55
`
`60
`
`

`
`9,738,013
`$738,013
`
`10
`10
`
`15
`15
`
`20
`20
`
`Dr
`
`3
`wise direction (the direction opposite that which would
`wise direction (the direction opposite that which would
`cause the pipe sections to uncouple at their normally
`cause the pipe sections to uncouple at
`their normally
`right-handed screw thread joints and be lost in the well).
`right—handed screw thread joints and be lost in the well).
`Utilizing these three possible motions, simple and ac
`Utilizing these three possible motions, simple and ac-
`curate means have been incorporated in the tool which
`curate means have been incorporated in the tool which
`permit of its operation without danger of costly errors.
`permit of its operation without danger of costly errors.
`Furthermore,
`these control means are devised so.
`that
`Furthermore, these control means are devised so that
`the operator can verify the control position of the tool
`the operator can verify the control position of the tool
`and correct it if a mistake has been made. The controls
`and correct it if a mistake has been made. The controls
`are also capable of repeat adjustments, eliminating any
`are also capable of repeat adjustments, eliminating any
`need of removing and resetting the tool at the surface.
`need of removing and resetting the tool at the surface.
`The versatility of the operating means of the invention
`The versatility of the operating means of the invention
`is provided in novel valving, shifting and locking mecha
`is provided in novel valving, shifting and locking mecha-
`nisms whereby the tool may ?rst be lowered into the well
`nisms whereby the tool may first be lowered into the well
`bore with the formation-cracking packer members in
`bore with the formation-cracking packer rnembers in
`closed or non—enlarged position out of contact with the
`closed or non-enlarged position out of contact with the
`bore hole walls, and with the drill pipe and tool casing
`bore hole walls, and with the drill pipe and tool casing
`open to the ingress of drilling ?uid or mud present in the
`open to the ingress of drilling fluid or mud present in the
`well bore.
`well bore.
`In this condition the tool may be lowered to the desired
`In this condition the tool may be lowered to the desired
`location relative to the selected stratum or strata, and the
`location relative to the selected stratum or strata, and the
`piston operated packers forced to enlarge laterally against
`piston operated packers forced to enlarge laterally against
`the formations, merely by pumping liquid into the tool
`the formations, merely by pumping liquid into the tool
`through the drill pipe from the surface. A safety vent is
`through the drill pipe from the surface. A safety vent is
`provided to permit escape of fluid from the cylinder of the
`provided to permit escape of fluid from the cylinder of the
`piston when the resilient packer members have reached
`piston when the resilient packer members have reached
`optimum compression in the vertical axis, or in cases where
`optimum compression in the vertical axis, or in cases where
`a cavity in the well bore exists in the formation.
`a cavity in the well bore exists in the formation.
`Next, assuming a treating operation is to be effected by
`Next, assuming a treating operation is to be effected by
`injection of treating fluid into a sealed-otf formation, a
`injection of treating ?uid into a sealed-01f formation, a
`shifting mechanism operated by clockwise rotary motion
`s_h_ifting_ mechanism operated by clockwise rotary motion
`of the drill pipe together with an upward motion of the
`of the drill pipe together with an upward motion of the
`supporting pipe will at the same time seal off the pressure-
`supporting pipe will at the same time seal off the pressure
`filled ram cylinders and connect the formation, through the
`?lled ram cylinders and connect the formation, through the
`tool, with the supporting pipe. Preparatory to injection
`tool, with the supporting pipe. Preparatory to injection
`of treating ?uid, an unloading valve above the tool, opened
`of_ treating fluid, an unloading valve above the tool, opened
`by downward pressure on the pipe, allows the venting of
`by downward pressure on the pipe, allows the venting of
`the column of fluid present in the supporting pipe.
`the column of ?uid present in the supporting pipe.
`In the formation-engaging position above described, the
`In the formation-engaging position above described, the
`invention, having exerted a strong cracking action upon
`invention, having exerted a strong cracking action upon
`the formations engaged by the resilient packer members,
`the formations engaged by the resilient packer members,
`may remain as a sealing-off means for as long as desired
`may remain as a sealing-off means for as long as desired
`for practical purposes. Ordinarily it will not be necessary
`for practical purposes. Ordinarily it will not be necessary
`to replenish the pressure in the ram cylinders. The inven-
`to replenish the pressure in the ram cylinders. The inven
`tion is therefore capable of and intended for use after a
`tion is therefore capable of and intended for use after a
`treating operation, as when swabbing is performed in the
`treating operation, as when swabbing is performed in the
`drill pipe to withdraw the contents of a formation.
`drill pipe to withdraw the contents of a formation.
`By further rotation of the drill pipe to operate the shift-
`By further rotation of the drill pipe to operate the shift—
`ing mechanism, the expansible packer members are readily
`ing mechanism, the expansible packer members are readily
`returned to disengaged position, so that the tool may be.
`returned to disengaged position, so that the tool may be.
`withdrawn or relocated in the same well bore. At the
`withdrawn or relocated in the same well bore. At the
`same time a lower valve may be opened to free the drill
`same time a lower valve may be opened to free the drill
`pipe of its contents during withdrawal.
`pipe of its contents during withdrawal.
`These control means, and other objects and advantages:
`These control means, and other objects and advantages
`of the invention, will be described further below in con-
`of the invention, will be described further below in con-.
`nection with the drawings, wherein:
`nection with the drawings, wherein:
`Figure 1 is a vertical view in elevation showing the tool
`Figure 1 is a vertical view in elevation showing the tool
`in position within a well but prior to actuation of- the
`in position within a well but prior to actuation of- the
`resilient packer members;
`resilient packer members;
`Figure 2_ is a View similar to Figure 1 but showing the
`Figure 2_ is a view similar to Figure 1 but showing the
`tool with packer members in formation-cracking position
`tool with packer members in formation-cracking position
`engaging the bore hole walls;
`engaging the bore hole walls;
`Figure 3 is a vertical sectional view, to a larger scale,
`Figure 3 is a vertical sectional view, to a larger scale,
`of the top portion only of the embodiment of Figures 1
`of the top portion only of the embodiment of Figures 1
`and 2, showi_ng the drill pipe venting mechanism or un-
`and 2, showing the drill pipe venting mechanism or un
`loading valve;
`loading valve;
`Figure 4 is an enlarged diagrammatic perspective with‘
`Figure 4 is an enlarged diagrammatic perspective with‘
`parts omitted and broken away, showing the composition
`parts omitted and broken away, showing the composition
`and. design of one of the resilient packer members prior to
`and design of one of the resilient packer members prior to
`actuation;
`actuation;
`Figure 5 is a similar view to Figure 4, illustrating dia-
`Figure 5 is a similar view to Figure 4, illustrating dia-.
`grammatically the capability of the resilient packer to on’
`grammatically the capability of the resilient packer to en-
`large laterally when. compressed longitudinally along the.
`large laterally when. compressed longitudinally along the.
`axis of the supporting pipe;
`axis of the supporting pipe;
`Figure 6 is an enlarged perspective view, with parts.
`Figure 6 is an enlarged perspective view, with parts.
`
`A.
`A.
`broken away and parts in section, illustrating the operat-
`broken away and parts in section, illustrating the operat
`ing piston, control valve mechanism and one embodiment
`ing piston, control valve mechanism and one embodiment
`of the collar construction at one end of one of the packer
`of the collar construction at one end of one of the packer
`members, with the member in non-expanded condition;
`members, with the member in non-expanded condition;
`Figure 7 is a similar view to Figure 6, on a reduced
`Figure 7 is a similar view to Figure 6, on a reduced
`scale, showing the end construction at the other end of a
`scale, showing the end construction at the other end of a
`packer;
`packer;
`Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 6 but showing the
`Figure 8 is a View similar to Figure 6 but showing the
`piston extended and the packer in formation-engaging
`piston extended and the packer in formation-engaging
`condition;
`condition;
`Figures 9, 10, and 11 are views similar to Figure 1, but
`Figures 9, 10, and 11 are views similar to Figure 1, but
`with the vertical scale compressed, and with parts shown
`with the vertical scale compressed, and with parts shown
`in section to illustrate three phases in the operation of
`in section to illustrate three phases in the operation of
`the invention;
`the invention;
`Figure 12 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the
`Figure 12 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the
`upper portion of the structure shown in Figures 9—1l,
`upper portion of the structure shown in Figures 9-11,
`illustrating the action of the selective shifting mechanism;
`illustrating the action of the selective shifting mechanism;
`Figure 13 is a horizontal sectional view taken on line
`Figure 13 is a horizontal sectional View taken on line
`13—13 of Figure 12;
`13-—13 of Figure 12;
`Figure 14 is a further enlarged fragmentary view, partly
`Figure 14 is a further enlarged fragmentary view, partly
`in section, illustrating the construction of one of the seal-
`in section, illustrating the construction of one of the seal
`ing rings used in the invention;
`ing rings used in the invention;
`Figure 15 is a view similar to Figure 6, showing a modi
`Figure 15 is a view similar to Figure 6, showing a modi-
`fied collar construction at one end of a packer member;
`?ed collar construction at one end of a packer member;
`Figure 16 is a view similar to Figure 7, showing the
`Figure 16 is a view similar to Figure 7, showing the
`modified collar construction of Figure 15 at the opposite
`modi?ed collar construction of Figure 15 at the opposite
`end of a packer;
`end of a packer;
`Figure 17 is a perspective on reduced scale compared to
`Figure 17 is a perspective on reduced scale compared to
`Figure 15, showing the operation of the collar construction
`Figure 15, showing the operation of the collar construction
`of Figure 15. after enlargement of the packer member;
`of Figure 15. after enlargement of the packer member;
`Figure 18 is a perspective similar to Figure 15, with
`Figure 18 is a perspective similar to Figure 15, with
`parts broken away, showing a further modi?cation of
`parts broken away, showing a further modification of
`packer collar construction at one end of a ram; and
`packer collar construction at one end of a ram; and
`Figure 19 is a perspective detail of a still further modi
`Figure 19 is a perspective detail of a still further modi-
`fication of packer collar construction.
`?cation of packer collar construction.
`The illustrated modifications of the invention relate to
`The illustrated modi?cations of the invention relate to
`different means for supporting the packer members at
`different means for supporting the packer members at
`their upper and lower ends, respectively (compare Fig
`their upper and lower ends, respectively (compare Fig-
`ures 6-8 and Figures 15-19).
`ures 6—8 and Figures 15—19).
`In Figure 1, a general view of the first embodiment is
`In Figure 1, a general view of the ?rst embodiment is
`shown in elevation, as it would appear prior to operation
`shown in elevation, as it would appear prior to operation
`in the borehole 20 of an oil or gas well. Figure 2 is a
`in the borehole 20 of an oil or gas well. Figure 2 is a
`similar view, showing the tool after formation-breaking
`similar view, showing the tool after formation-breaking
`and sealing-off contact has been made with selected for-
`and sealing-off contact has been made with selected for
`mations.
`mations.
`In these ?gures, the supporting drill pipe or tubing,
`In these figures,
`the supporting drill pipe or tubing,
`coupled to the tool, is not illustrated, the upper member
`coupled to the tool, is not illustrated, the upper member
`shown being the supporting pipe venting device or un-
`shown being the supporting pipe venting device or un
`loading valve generally designated at 21 (shown in detail
`loading, valve generally designated at 21 (shown in detail
`in Figure 3). Coupled to venting device 21, the main
`in Figure 3). Coupled to venting de