BAKER HUGHES INCORPORATED
`Exhibit 1016
`Page 1 of 26
`
`

`
`the Book as of June 27, 2016 under the “Librarian View” tab at the following web
`
`address: httpzffdiscovery.library.colostate.edufRecordr'.b2286 1 828;’Details.
`
`Attached as Exhibit C is a true and correct copy of a screenshot that I generated of
`
`the bibliographic entry for the Book in CSU Libraries’ ILS software. Attached as
`
`Exhibit D is a true and correct copy of a screenshot that I generated of the item
`
`record for the Book in CSU Libraries’ ILS software.
`
`4.
`
`The title listed in Appendices B, C, and D has a typographical error that
`
`refers to 1995 instead of 1997. However, other information confirms that the
`
`records shown in Appendices B, C, and D refer to the Book. The remainder of the
`
`title shown in Appendices B, C, and D matches the title shown on the cover page
`
`in Appendix A, the subtitle “Maximizing profitability in an environmentally
`
`responsible manner” listed alongside field 246 in Appendices B and C matches the
`
`subtitle shown on the cover page in Appendix A, and the 1997 copyright date in
`
`Appendices B, C, and D matches the 1997 date shown on the copyright page in
`
`Appendix A. Also, the unique identifier “S-A-23B-10-08-001” listed alongside the
`
`first field 945 in Appendix B and near the bottom of Appendix D corresponds to
`
`the number shown on the title page in Appendix A.
`
`5.
`
`CSU Libraries’ records confirm that the Book was catalogued, and therefore
`
`made available to the public, at CSU Libraries on March 14, 2000. Appendix B
`
`shows this date as “03-14-00” in part “|b” alongside the first field 998, and as
`
`2
`
`Page 2 of 26
`Page 2 of 26
`
`

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`“0003 14” in part “|c” alongside the second field 998. The first of these date fields
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`is user-entered on the day on which a book is catalogued and made available to the
`
`public. The second of these date fields is system-generated on the day on which
`
`the bibliographic record for the Book was created in CSU Libraries’ ILS System
`
`software records, and this date field is not editable. Appendix C also shows these
`
`dates as “CAT DATE 03-14-2000” and “Created: 03-14-2000,” respectively.
`
`Appendix D also shows the second date as “Created: 03- 14-2000.”
`
`6.
`
`Books are made available to the public as soon as they are catalogued, which
`
`often occurs on the same day that they are entered into the CSU Libraries ILS
`
`software, as CSU Libraries’ records show was the case for the Book.
`
`7.
`
`I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.
`
`41444
`
`Date
`
`Nancy C ffin I-Iu
`
`Page 3 of 26
`Page 3 of 26
`
`

`
`APPENDIX A
`
`
`
`Page 4 of 26Page 4 of 26
`
`

`
`‘E0mmimnnamuMmW“
`
`EIEIEIEIJEHIIJ
`
`APPENDIX A
`
`PROCEEDINGS
`
`Middle East Oil Show
`Volume 1
`
`15-18 March 1997
`
`Bahrain
`
`s-A—23B-10-08-001
`
`
`
`SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS (SPE)
`
`Page 5 of 26
`
`
`

`
`APPENDIX A
`APPENDIX A
`
`PUBLICATION RIGHTS RESERVED
`
`All papers in this volume were selected for presentation by an SPE Program Committee fol-
`lowing review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents
`of the papers, as presented, have not been reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and
`are subject to correction by the author(s). The material, as presented, does not necessarily re-
`flect any position of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, its officers, or members. Papers pres-
`ented at SPE meetings are subject to publication review by Editorial Review Committees of
`the Society of Petroleum Engineers. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more
`than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should contain conspicuous ac-
`knowledgment of where and by whom the paper was presented. Abstracts may not be included
`in electronic products/publications without the express written permission of the Society of
`Petroleum Engineers. Any other use of material in this volume is subject to prior approval, in
`writing, and payment of any applicable fees. Contact the Librarian at SPE Office in Dallas.
`
`COPYRIGHT 1997
`
`SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS (SPE)
`
`Primed in the USA.
`
`2
`
`I
`
`Page 6 of 26
`Page 6 of 28 i
`
`

`
` PROGRAMME COMMITTEE
`
`Faisal Al-Jasem, Chairman
`
`7’
`
`Kuwait Oil Co.
`
`APPENDIX A
`APPENDIX A
`
`ABU DHABI
`
`Alan Bodman
`Gulf Business Machines
`
`Abbas Hassan
`ADCO
`
`Tilden McKean
`
`BP Intl.
`
`Lsuwaidi
`
`BAHRAIN
`
`Ghassan Al—Muhanna
`Ban0C0
`
`Nasser Al—Mossalli
`Banoco
`
`DUBAI
`
`.
`N32 Gal‘
`Halliburton Ltd.
`
`_
`R0)’ Nurml
`Schlumberger Middle East,
`Egypt & India
`
`Randy Darr
`Dubai Petroleum Co.
`
`EGYPT
`
`Farouk Kenawy
`Gulf of Suez Petroleum Co.
`
`Hamed El~Ahmady
`Agiba Oil Co‘
`
`Mahmoud Latif
`Khalda Petroleum Co.
`
`IRAN
`
`Davood Khairkhah
`ELAHYEH
`
`KUWAIT
`
`Farouq Al—Zanki
`Kuwait Oil Co.
`
`.
`
`Ali Sabt Bin Sabt
`Ministry of Oil
`
`I
`Mohamed J. Salman
`Kuwait Inst. for Scientific Research
`
`Gary Bauer
`Kuwait Santa Fe Co.
`
`OMAN
`
`Simon Budd
`Petroleum Development Oman
`
`SAUDI ARABIA
`
`Mahmoud Al-Soumali
`Saudi Aramco
`
`Khalid Al-Buraik
`Saudi Aramco
`
`Saleh Al—Musa
`Saudi Aramco
`
`Saleh A. Al-Ghamdi
`Ministry of Petroleum
`
`Mohamed A. Aggour
`KFUPM
`
`FRANCE
`
`Hatem Nuseibeh
`
`Total
`
`UNITED KINGDOM
`
`Paul Hackleman
`Scientific Software—Intercomp U.K. Ltd.
`
`UNITED STATES
`
`George Salaita
`Chevron Petroleum Research
`
`Stephen Pursley
`Exxon Production Research Co.
`
`M.K. Dabbous
`IPR Group
`
`
`Page 7 of 26
`
`

`
`CONTENTS—VOLUME 1
`
`APPENDIX A
`
`SPE 35260
`
`SPE 35875
`
`SPE 36252
`
`SPE 36543
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`Fracturing Horizontal Well in Gas Reservoirs .
`M. 1’. Soliman, J.L. Hunt, and M. Azari, Halliburton Energy Services
`
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`. 13
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`Subsurface Brine Injection: Proactive Approach to Close the Produced Water
`Loop in the Western Desert of Egypt
`.
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`EA. Farid, Khalcla Petroleum Co., and M.H. Nout: Egyptian General Petroleum Corp.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
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`.
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`.
`
`. 27
`
`Multi—Lateral Horizontal Drilling Problems & Solutions Experienced
`Offshore Abu—Dhabi
`.
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`Gamallsmail and H. El-Khatib, ZADCO
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`. 35
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`. 49
`
`SPE 36897
`
`SPE 37326
`
`SPE 37408
`
`SPE 37482
`
`SPE 37691
`
`Initial Results From an Acoustic Logging-Whi1e—Dri11ing Tool .
`J.W Minear, D.R. Heysse, and PM, Boonen, Hallibttrton Energy Services
`
`.
`
`.
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`.
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`.
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`.
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`.
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`.
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`Redeveloping the Sidki Field: How One Company Turned an Accident
`Into an Opportunity .
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`A.M. Ezzat, GttlfofSue: Petroleum Co., and T]. Clark, Amoco Egypt Oil Co.
`
`.
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`. 61
`
`Well Testing and Evaluation of Tubing—Conveyed Extreme
`.
`.
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`Overbalanced Perforating .
`.
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`Mehdi Azari, John Burleson, Mohamed Soliman, Justin Mason, and Naz Gazi,
`Halliburton Energy Services
`
`.
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`. 71
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`. 87
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`.
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`.
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`. 97
`
`. 109
`
`A New Approach for Accurate Prediction of Loading in Gas Wells Under
`Different Flowing Conditions .
`.
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`M.A. Nosseir, Suez Oil Co., and TA. Darwicli, M.H. Sayyouh, and M. El Sallaly, Cairo U.
`Design and Installation of a Cost Effective Completion System for
`Horizontal Chalk Wells Where Multiple Zones Require Acid Stimulation .
`DH’. Thomson, Halliburton M&S. Ltcl, and M.F Nazroo, Phillips Petroleum Co. Norway
`Improved PVT Correlations for UAE Crude Oils
`.
`.
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`RA. Almelzaicleb, UAE U.
`
`.
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`.
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`.
`
`Stochastic Simulation of Fracture Density for Permeability Field Estimation .
`J.S. Olarewaju, S.G. Glmri, A.B. Fuseni, and M. Wajid, King Falul U.
`On the Pore Size Distribution: Derivation and Testing of a Stochastic
`Model to Analyze Pore-Size Data From Carbonate Reservoirs .
`.
`.
`.
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`WT. Alhanai, ADCO
`
`.
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`. 121
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`. 137
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`.
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`Neural Network Model for Estimating the PVT Properties of
`Middle East Crude Oils .
`.
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`R.B. Gharbi and A.M. El.S‘lI(ll‘l(£7H’_)’, Kttwait U.
`
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`. 167
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`
`SPE 37692
`
`SPE 37693
`
`SPE 37695
`
`SPE 37696
`
`SPE 37697
`
`SPE 37698
`
`SPE 37699
`
`SPE 37700
`
`SPE 37701
`
`Waterflooding Performance of Communicating Stratified Reservoirs
`With Log—Normal Permeability Distribution .
`.
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`Noaman El-Khatib, King Stllltl U.
`
`Stochastic Mapping of Lithology in a Carbonate Reservoir .
`A. Saltin and SG. Glmri, King Faltcl U.
`
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`Reservoir Imaging Beneath a High Velocity Layer Using Multi-Azimuth
`Walkaway VSP in the Mediterranean Sea, Egypt .
`.
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`M. Baclri, Scltlttmberger; S. Colombo, lntl. Egyptian Oil Co.; and F. Hashem, Petrobel
`3D Reservoir Characterization for Improved Reservoir Management .
`.
`M.J. Ulctncl, S.W Tinker, and D.H. Caldwell, Marathon Oil Co.
`
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`Chronofacies Discontinuities: Precise Approach for Reservoir Layering——
`An Example From Carbonate Reservoir. Offshore Abu Dhabi, UAE .
`.
`.
`.
`M.N. Busltara and S.M. Baslaib, Zakum Development Co.
`Integration of 3D Seismic Data in Reservoir Modeling and Assessing Uncertainty
`in Lithology Distributions in the Nuayyim Field of Central Saudi Arabia .
`.
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`A.M. Al-Otaibi, Saudi Aramco
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`. 183
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`. 195
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`. 205
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`. 219
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`. 237
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`4
`
`Page 8 of 26
`Page g of 28
`
`-
`
`

`
`SPE 37702
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`SPE 37703
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`SPE 37708
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`SPE 37709
`
`,
`_
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`_,
`_
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`Lithology, Lithofacies, and Permeability Estimation in Ghawar
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`Arab-D Reservoir .
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`Rick Davis and Jerry Fontanilla, Saudi Aramco, and Partlza Biswas and Souvick Saha,
`Western Atlas
`
`APPENDIX A
`APPENDIXA
`
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`. 245
`
`Reservoir Characterisation Applying Geochemical Techniques:
`Case Study From Yemen .
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`A. Noyau, Plz. Clzavagnac, E.l/V Tegelaar, and F. Daugas, Total
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`Development of an Expert System for EOR Method Selection .
`A. Slzindy, GulfofSue: Petroleum Co.; TA. Darwislz and M.H. Sayyonlz, Cairo U. ; and
`AA. Osman, Gulf of Suez Petroleum Co.
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`. 281
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`. 299
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`Well Design Using Computer Model
`M.W Helmy, Texas A&M U., and F. Kltalafancl T. Darwislt, Cairo U.
`
`.
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`Harnessing Information Technology to Facilitate Change .
`Jean Chevallier
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`Information and Technology as a Catalyst for Integration of Petroleum
`Engineering Business Processes .
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`H. Brekelmans, S. El Abd, G.F Boulogne, and D. Arafa, Barlr Petroleum Co.
`
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`SPE 37710
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`SPE 37711
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`SPE 37713
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`SPE 37714
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`Visualization of a Logging Information System Through Object
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`Oriented Modelling .
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`K. Suryanarayana, ONGC-Schlumberger Wireline Research Centre; PK. Clzerukupalli,
`ONGC; and T.\/.S. Rao, HLS India Ltcl.
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`. 309
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`. 315
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`. 321
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`. 329
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`Application of 3D Visualization Technology to Structural Interpretation
`of Complex Fields in the Gulf of Suez, Egypt
`.
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`Doug Stoner and Tarek Moustafa, Gupco
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`Evaluation and Selection of Petroleum Engineering Software: A Case Study .
`O.N. Eldin, A. Hussein, S. Kumar, and A. Asltry, Suez Oil Co.
`
`Environmentally Acceptable Drilling Fluids for Offshore Saudi Arabia .
`AM. Ezzat and KA. Al-Buraik, Saudi/lramco
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`. 337
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`. 353
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`Environmental Protection From Refinery Oily Waste Water Effluents
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`by Using Coalescers .
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`FA. Kenawy and M.E. Kandil, GUPCO Petroleum C0,, and M.A. Fouaa’ and TW Abo-arab,
`Cairo U.
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`. 363
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`Bioremediation of Marine Oil Spill: The Results of Extensive Lab
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`Research Using Mutagensis .
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`M.H. Nonr, Egyptian General Petroleum Corp., and 1. Thompson, Zaafarana Oil Co.
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`. 371
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`. 381
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`SPE 37715
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`SPE 37718
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`SPE 37720
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`SPE 37722
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`SPE 37726
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`Water Coning in High Permeability Sandstone Reservoirs in Gulf .
`S.M. Al-Amoudi and AH. Dogru, Saudi Aramco
`
`.
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`.
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`Application of Numerical Simulation, Flowmeter Analysis and Conditional
`Simulation for Modeling Dual—Permeability Reservoirs
`.
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`J.S. Olarewaju. KFUPM
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`Statistical and Fuzzy Infill Drilling Recovery Models for Carbonate Reservoirs .
`C.H. Wu, Texas A&M U.; G.F Lu, Texaco E&P Inc; and W Gillespie and J. Yen,
`Texas A&M U.
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`. 411
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`. 429
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`SPE 37727
`
`SPE 37728
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`SPE 37731
`
`SPE 37733
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`Effect of Fractal Permeability Correlations on Waterflooding Performance
`in Carbonate Reservoirs .
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`T Babarlagli, Istanbul Technical U.
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`High Permeability Fracturing With a Unique Proppant Flowback
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`Prevention Technique .
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`G. V. Cudney and Hossam El-Moniem, Sclilumberger Dowell, aml M.R. Mostafa,
`Kuwait Oil Co.
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`. 463
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`. 473
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`SPE 37734
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`An Effective Matrix Diversion Technique for Carbonate Formations .
`A. Saxon and B. Cltariag, Scltluniberger Dowell, and M.R.A. Ralmian, Abu Dhabi Co.
`
`5
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`Page 9 of 26
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`Pa e9of26
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`

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`SPE 37736
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`SPE 37737
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`SPE 37738
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`SPE 37739
`
`APPENDIX A
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`APPENDIX A
`Method for Effective Fluid Diversion When Performing a Matrix Ac :
`Stimulation in Carbonate Formations .
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`J. MaGee, Occidental Petroleum of Qatar Ltd., and M./1. Buzjse and R. Pongratz,
`Halliburton Energy Services
`Selective Downhole Flow Measurement of Water Phase Using Oxygen
`Activation Log in Gulf of Suez Wells .
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`H.N. Minhas, Schlumberger Egypt, anzl M.A. Eissa, GulfofSuez Petroleum Co.,
`Effect of Hysteresis on the Archie Saturation Exponent
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`A.U. Al-Kaabi, K. Mimoune, and HI’. Al-Yousef KFUPM
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`. 481
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`. 493
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`. 497
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`. 521
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`SPE 37741
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`SPE 37744
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`SPE 37746
`
`Prediction of Flow Units in the Khuff Formation .
`AS. Khalaf Bahrain Natl. Oil Co.
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`Flowing Fracture Identification for Massive Carbonates: A Real Opportunity .
`TE. Fitzsimmons, E.E. Wadleigh, B. C. Curran, and TP. Kacir, Marathon Oil Co.
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`. 533
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`A Fast and Accurate Method for Parameter Estimation of Archie
`Saturation Equation .
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`Noaman El-Khatib, King Saud U.
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`. 541
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`. 555
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`SPE 37747
`
`SPE 37748
`
`Water Saturation in Shaly Formation .
`K.A. Alfosail and A.U. Alkaabi, King Fahd U.
`Data Validation: Key to Development of an Integrated Reservoir Model
`for the Wara Formation, Greater Burgan Field .
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`J.M. Pederson and M.S. Moon, Chevron Overseas Petroleum Technology Co., and
`H. Y. Al-Ajeel, Kuwait Oil Co.
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`SPE 37749
`
`SPE 3775l
`
`SPE 37753
`
`The Athel: A Challenging Formation in South Oman .
`PM. O’Dell, Petroleum Development Oman
`Characterizing the Greater Burgan Field: Integration of Well Test, Geologic,
`and Other Data .
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`C.S. Kabir, M.S. Moon, and J.M. Pederson, Chevron, and Q. Al-Dashti, L.S. Konwar,
`I. Al-Jadi, aml K.G. Al-Anzi, KOC
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`. 589
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`Targeting Horizontal Wells: Efficient Oil Capture and Fracture Insights .
`WJ. Tank, B.C. Curran, and E.E. Waclleigh, Marathon Oil Co.
`Permeability Prediction for Carbonates: Still a Challenge? .
`M. Altun'oa_v and D. Georgi, Western Atlas lntl. lnc., ancl H.M. Takezaki,
`Japan Energy Development Co. Ltcl.
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`. 601
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`. 609
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`N0 manuscript received for the following:
`
`SPE 36239
`
`SPE 36248
`
`SPE 37690
`
`SPE 37694
`
`SPE 37705
`
`SPE 37706
`
`SPE 37707
`
`As Built, the Achievable Goal: One Oil Company’s Experience
`A.K. Muflahi, Abu Dhabi Co. Onshore Oil Opn.
`Pilot Gas Injection Design in Two Middle East Carbonate Reservoirs
`C. Dabbouk, T Namba, and M.S. Alim, Zakum Development Co.
`New Classification of Carbonate Rocks for Reservoir Characterization
`1.M. Marzouk, Abu Dhabi Natl. Oil Co.; H.M. Takezaki, Japan Energy Development Co. Ltd.;
`and M. Suzuki, Abu Dhabi Oil Co. Japan
`A Novel Technique for Predicting End—Point Relative Permeabilities
`of Heterogeneous Limestones From Log Derived Input Data
`M.Z. Kalam and S.M. Al-Alawi, Sultan Qaboos U.
`Middle Cretaceous Carbonates, Palaeogeography and Sequence Stratigraphy
`in the North Western Area of the Arabian Peninsula: Implications for
`Petroleum Systems
`D.L. Machhout: Geosciences Consultants, anrl D. Lavrier ancl P. LaPointe, Total S.A.
`Managing Technological Support for an International Petroleum Company
`D.M. Clement; Chevron Petroleunz Technology Co.
`POSC and the Emerging E&P Business Perspective
`M.J. Ring, Petroteclmical Open Software Corp,
`6
`
`Page 10 of 26
`Page 10 of 26 -
`
`

`
`1.
`
`SPE 37712
`
`Three—Dimensional Allan Fault Plane Analysis
`K. Hoflman, D.R. Taylor, and R.T Schnell, Dynamic Graphics
`
`SPE 37716
`
`Management in the Environmental Era
`R.L. Arscott, Chevron Corp.
`
`SPE 37717
`
`Environmental Cost Criteria for E&P
`
`SPE 37719
`
`H.E. O’Leary, BP Intl. Ltd.
`The Environmental Issue in a Cost Conscious Environment
`M.A. Hnsain, Kuwait Oil Co.
`
`APPENDIX A
`APPENDIX A
`
`SPE 37723
`
`The Oman LNG Upstream Facilities and Pipeline: Environmental Mitigations
`H.M. Al—Kindy, Petroleum Development Oman
`
`SPE 37724
`
`Initializing and History Matching a Reservoir With Dynamically Tilted
`Oil—Water—Contact
`
`E.H. Bu—Hulaigah, N.G. Saleri, TR. Pham, amlA.J. Al-Muraikhi, SaudiAramco
`
`SPE 37725
`
`SPE 37729
`
`Vertical Capillary Continuity Between the Matrix Blocks in a Fractured
`Reservoir Dramatically Improves Oil Recovery by Water Displacement
`J. Kleppe, Norwegian Inst. of Technology; M. Pratap, Oil & Natural Gas Corp. Ltd. ; and
`K. Uleberg, Norwegian Inst. of Technology
`Convection Mechanism and Its Effect on Saturation Pressure
`in Fractured Reservoirs
`
`SPE 37730
`
`SPE 37735
`
`SPE 37740
`
`SPE 37742
`
`SPE 37745
`
`SPE 37750
`
`O. Sabbagh, Research Inst. of Petroleum Inzlustry; A. Danesh, Heriot-Watt U.; and
`V.A. Sadjazlian, Research Inst. of Petroleum Industry
`
`Statistical Tools to Improve the Process of History Matching Reservoirs
`A]. Little, Scientific Sftwr-Intc UK LIzl., and R. G. Parish, Scientific Software-Intercomp Inc.
`
`A Mathematical Model for Predicting Wellbore Screenout in “Frac and Pack”
`Gravel Pack Treatments
`M. Omari, Dowell
`
`Detection of Microporous Low—Permeability Facies Using Sonic and Nuclear
`Porosity Logs in a Middle—East Carbonate Reservoir, Berri, Saudi Arabia
`M.J. Al Shammery, Saudi Aramco, and BC. Frignet, Schlumberger Oilfield Services
`
`Improving Reservoir Description in a Carbonate Reservoir Using Multiprobe
`Wireline Formation Tester Applications
`C. Ayan, Schlnmberger Wireline & Testing; G. Iqubal and GK. Flade. Zakum Development
`Co.; and F Ruchut, Schlumberger Wireline & Testing
`
`Nuclear Logging—While—Drilling Measurements: An Assessment
`A. Badruztzaman, P.T Nguyen, S.W Stonard, and J.P Logan, Chevron Petroleum Technology Co.
`
`Invigorating an Honest Giant: How Integrated Studies Reduced UTCS and
`Improved Profitability in the Amin Field, South Oman
`K. Purvis, N. McKim, A. Ghammary, S. Al-Mufaiji, L. Kuilman, and M. Ormeroa’,
`Petroleum Development Oman
`
`SPE 37752
`
`Exploration Applications, Reservoir Assessment and Characterization Using
`Horizontal and Extended Reach Wells
`
`R.D. Nurmi, Schlininherger Oilfield Services; I. Bryant, Schlumberger-Doll Research; and
`RA. Young, Schlurnberger Wireline & Testing
`
`SPE 37754
`
`Experimental Approach for the Determination of Relative Permeabilities in
`Triphasic Floodings on Middle—East Carbonate and Sandstone Reservoirs
`G. Chalmin, Total S.A.; L. Bouvier, Total; and M.M. Dnranrleau, Abu Dhabi Marine Operating
`
`7
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`Page 11 of 26
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`Pa e 11of26
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`

`
`APPENDIX A
`APPENDIX A
`
`International
`
`’SPE
`
`-
`
`SPE 37482
`
`Society of Petroleum Engineers
`
`Design and installation of a Cost Effective Completion System for Horizontal Chalk
`Wells Where Multiple Zones Require Acid Stimulation
`D. W. Thomson, SPE, Halliburton M & S, Ltd.; and M. F. Nazroo, SPE, Phillips Petroleum Company Norway
`
`Copyright 1997, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Inc.
`
`This paper was prepared for presentation at the 1997 SPE Production Operations Symposium,
`held in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 9-11 March 1997.
`
`This paper was selected for presentation by an SPE Program Committee following review of
`information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper have not
`been reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and are subject to correction by the
`author(s). The material, as presented, does not necessarily reflect any position of the Society of
`Petroleum Engineers, its officers, or members. Papers presented at SPE meetings are subject
`to publication review by Editorial Committees of the Society oi Petroleum Engineers. Electronic
`reproduction, distribution, or storage of any part of this paper for commercial purposes without
`the written consent of the Society of Petroleum Engineers is prohibited. Permission to reproduce
`in print is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words; illustrations may not be copied.
`The abstract must contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by whom the paper was
`presented. Write Librarian, SPE, P.O. Box 833836, Richardson, TX 75083-3836, USA, tax 01-
`972-952-9435.
`
`Abstract
`
`An innovative completion design that allows multiple acid fracs
`to be performed in horizontal subsea chalk-formation wells with
`a single trip into the wellbore has recently been codeveloped by
`a major North Sea operator and an oilfield engineering/manufac-
`turing/service company. The project was initiated to develop a
`system that would allow multiple acid stimulations to be effi-
`ciently performed in the shortest possible time in the North Sea
`Joanne Field. The system ultimately developed allows acid
`stimulation of up to 10 different zones in a single trip with no
`through-tubing intervention. The first well in which this new
`technique was used had 7 zones, and 3 additional wells with 10
`zones each were later completed. The development of this system
`and case histories of the first four subsea wells requiring stimula-
`tion will be presented in the paper.
`The key element of the system is a multi-stage acid frac tool
`(MSAF) that is similar to a sliding sleeve circulating device and
`is run in the closed position. Up to 9 MSAF tools can be run in
`the completion with isolation of each zone being achieved by
`hydraulic-set retrievable packers that are positioned on each side
`of an MSAF tool. Each sleeve contains a threaded ball seat with
`the smallest ball seat in the lowest sleeve and the largest ball seat
`
`in the highest sleeve. With this system, stimulation of 10
`separate zones is accomplished in 12-18 hours by a unique
`procedure that lubricates vaiying sized low-specific gravity balls
`into the tubing and then pumps them to a mating seat in the
`appropriate MSAF, thus sealing off the stimulated zone and
`allowing stimulation of the next zone which is made accessible
`by opening the sleeve.
`This technique provided a substantial reduction in the
`operational time normally required to stimulate multiple zones
`
`aga-
`
`97
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`and allowed the stimulations to be precisely targeted within the
`reservoir. The case history data will provide comparisons in
`operational times between traditional stimulations and this new
`method as well as the significant enhancements to cost efficiency
`that resulted from its use. Additionally, this completion method
`allowed the stimulations to be designed and matched to the
`requirements of each reservoir zone, which provided the most
`cost efficient treatments possible.
`
`Introduction
`
`The Judy/Joanne Fields are located in the central North Sea on
`block 30/7a (commonly known as the J Block of the UK North
`Sea), 280 kilometers South East of Aberdeen. The water depth
`is approximately 80 meters.
`The complete field development consists of a 24-slot
`platform for Judy and a 12-slot subsea template for Joanne.
`Production from the Joanne subsea manifold is transported
`through two 12-inch pipelines, 5—kilometers in length, to the Judy
`platform.
`To date, five Joanne subsea wells have been drilled and
`completed, four of which were in chalk formations, and thus,
`comprehensive acid stimulation programs were required for their
`completions.Figure 1 is a map showing the location of the J-
`Block Judy/Joanne Fields.
`
`Well Design
`Phillips‘ original plan had been to drill 60—degree wells in these
`fields; however, since drilling horizontal wells would allow a
`reduction in the number of well slots, which would subsequently
`reduce overall drilling costs, the decision was made to complete
`horizontally. Additionally, it was felt that stimulation programs
`would be necessary to achieve the necessary production poten-
`tials. The new wells were designed to intersect the most produc-
`tive reservoir layers twice to further maximize production.
`Ideally, each reservoir layer was to be stimulated using a design
`developed for its specific needs. Thus, it would be necessary to
`perform multiple stimulations targeted at the reservoir layers.
`Figure 2 shows how the well path would intersect the individual
`reservoir layers.
`A review of similar completions carried out by Phillips and
`other operators indicated that each zone would require between
`three to four days to stimulate. This would have meant a
`minimum of thirty days per well to complete the stimulation
`
`Page 12 of 26
`
`Pa e 12 of26
`
`

`
`2
`
`D. W. THOMSON and M. F. NAZROO
`
`T
`
`APPENDIX A
`APPENDIX A
`
`SPE 37432
`
`procedures. From the initial review, it was clear that the project
`could not support such greatly increased costs, and thus, an
`alternative method was needed. The resulting completion design
`was based on earlier completions performed by Phillips on the
`Hewett Field in the Southern UKCS. During these completions,
`the initial development phase of the Multi Stage Acid Frac Tool
`(MSAF) had taken place. This tool was instrumental in the
`success of the design, and will be described in more detail later.
`The primary difference in the completion designs concerned
`the number of zones stimulated. The Hewett Field completions
`typically used only two MSAF tools that resulted in 3 stimulated
`zones, whereas the first Joanne completion (well M1) utilized six
`MSAF tools and the completions for wells M3, M4, and M5
`used nine MSAF tools. Figure 3 is a schematic of a typical
`Joanne completion.
`
`Typical Joanne Completion Design
`1.
`5-1/8-in. Tubing Hanger. Horizontal (lateral) sub-sea trees
`were used to allow the completions to be run through them. The
`final operation prior to leaving the wells was the installation of
`wireline—set, metal-to-metal-sealing wellhead plugs in the tubing
`hangers.
`
`51/2-in. Tubing Retrievable Safety Valve (TRSV). A non-
`2.
`equalizing TRSV with metal-to— metal seals was used to ensure
`reliability.
`
`41/2-in. x 11/2-in. Side Pocket Mandrel (SPM). These
`3.
`were run with blanked off annulus ports to enable electronic
`memory gauges with the same envelope dimensions as a standard
`1‘/2-in. gas lift valve to be installed in the completions during the
`stimulation without compromising full bore access. These gauges
`were run and retrieved using conventional gas-lift kick—over tools
`and gave valuable bottomhole information during the stimula-
`tions, clean—up procedures, and well tests.
`
`4‘/2-in. Sliding Sleeve Circulating Devices. The SSD's
`4.
`were run to enable the upper completion/casing annulus to be
`circulated to inhibited brine.
`
`30-ft.-Stroke Polished Bore Receptacle (PBR) / Seal
`5.
`Assembly with Annular Pressure Release. Tubing calculations
`for operational conditions, particularly high volume acid
`stimulation and well testing, showed that a 30-ft. stroke expan-
`sion device was necessary. Ryton®/Teflon® /Ryton®(RTR).‘
`premium seals were considered the most appropriate seals for the
`operating conditions that would be faced.
`
`A molded seal was added to the RTR premium seals to
`ensure good sealing at the lower temperatures expected during
`stimulation.
`
`A conventional shear—pinned PBR/seal assembly was used
`on M1 but concerns over induced torque led to the design of a
`special, annular pressure release that fitted on top of the
`PBR/seal assembly. In the closed (running) position, the PBR
`
`and seal assembly were clutched together to handle applied or
`induced torque. As a back up, it had a secondary shear-screw
`release mechanism that was isolated from any torque that could
`be applied or induced.
`
`6. and 9. 7-in. Permanent/7-in. Retrievable Packer (Multi.
`ple). An important requirement in completions using multiple
`hydraulic—set packers is that no mandrel movement in relation to
`the slips of the packer should occur while setting. This enables
`any number of hydraulic—set packers to be set simultaneously
`without the requirement for expansion devices between the
`packers to account for mandrel movement. The packer selected
`for this project was a new hydraulic-set retrievable packer that
`had its first usage on the Joanne project (Fig. 4).
`The packer could be set up as either a permanent or a
`retrievable packer simply by installing a lock ring (permanent) or
`installing up to 16 shear screws (retrievable). When set up in the
`permanent mode, the packer could be retrieved by chemically
`cutting the mandrel.
`This packer had large outside-diameter (OD) gauge rings at
`either end, which kept the other components of the packer from
`contacting the 7-in. liner. The packer elements and slips had a
`smaller OD in the running position than the adjacent parts. After
`completion of the first well (M1), the gauge rings were fluted to
`assist in fluid by-pass while the completion was installed in the
`liner.
`
`7. Selective Landing Nipple. This nipple was run below the
`top packer as a contingency in case there were problems during
`installation of the completion and for use in future workover
`operations.
`
`8. 41/2-in. Multi Stage Acid Frac Tool (MSAF) [Multiple].
`This tool is the "heart" of the completion system.
`It is a sliding
`sleeve device that can allow communication between the tubing
`and annulus once the sleeve is moved to the open position. A
`ball seat is threaded on the bore of this sleeve, and when the
`correct size ball lands on the ball seat, applied pressure from
`above moves the sleeve to the down/open position. The ball and
`seat form a seal that prevents pumped fluid from entering lower
`zones, and thereby, diverts the fluid through the tool and into the
`tubing liner annulus. The MSAF tool is shown in both the closed
`and open positions in Figure 5.
`For 41/2—in. tubing, up to nine different ball/seat configura-
`tions can be used (see Table 1). The smallest ID seat is run at
`the bottom of the completion, and the largest ID seat is run at the
`top.
`
`The sleeve in the MSAF was designed with an opening
`profile and a closing profile so that the tool could be selectively
`opened or closed as required during workovers. A hydraulically
`operated shifting tool run on coiled tubing was designed for this
`purpose. Note that in the tool version used on Joanne, the ball
`seats must be milled out before the shifting tool can be used.
`
`Page 13 of 26
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`Il\J
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`SPE 37482
`
`DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF A COST EFFECTIVE COMPLETION SYSTEM FOR HORIZONTAL CHALK
`WELLS WHERE MULTIPLE ZONES REQUIRE ACID STIMULATION
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`3
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`APPENDIX A
`APPENDIX A
`
`10. Pump Out/Cycle Plug. On M1, a conventional shear—out
`shoe was run. This was replaced on the remaining completions
`with a cycle type plug, which allowed up to ten pressure cycles
`to be applied to the tubing before it was expelled. This was
`carried in a shear—out sub that could be sheared in the ev