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`"
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`‘Hike the tortgevttyét
`downright toughness
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`Open- Hole Or Cased And Cern erted
`
`‘It just doesn t‘ quit".
`Rog Mxtthrlry
`—Owner. Operator
`
`'
`
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`THE urresr ISSUE
`
`Open-Hole Or Cased And Cemented
`nwnagtnapms and cons armmwm obotoae flsrcmflhsc
`hattzontab
`
`[PrhtMtds: tvamosrzan. by 5'-°etRodra] As the use of multiple tracture
`stimuiafions in horizontal wefibores skyrocketed in recent yeats. a debate
`emerged overthe best comptetion method: open-hoie be! drop orcased and
`cemented hotes‘?
`
`It boils down to a question ot whether mechanical packets or cement provide the
`best means of isoiating between trac stages duting muttipie commetions in
`hotizontal weibores.
`
`Murray Fteynoids. a veteran completions engneer with TAQA North Ltd.. iooked
`at the advantages and disadvantages of each system in a presentafion at an
`Intocast tight oi conference in Catgary in September.
`
`The open-note bafl-drop system is typicatty associated with Calgary-based
`Packers Pius Energy SBMDBS |nc.. though a number of competito also run
`sirrflar systems. A packeris set in the extemal casing. uncemerled. In the case of
`the Packers Ptus Shct(FRAc system, bans made otthermat-piastic material such
`as Teflon are dropped into the we! to start asteeve. isdate the previous trac and
`open the next trac port up-hole.
`
`Other open-hoie systems use a dart instead ot a bal to shift the steeve. Others
`use swefiabie packets where an eiastomerelement reacts with the wefibore fluid
`or temperature to expand. thus creating a seat with the open-hot. Depending on
`conditions. it coutd take a week or more tor these to be set up in a wfibore betore
`atrac operation begins.
`Mmt of the fractured horizontatwefl compteions in western Canada use open-
`hote packer-based systems. which may be the cheapest option.
`
`Protessinnat The Barnett shale is currentty aimost 100 per cent cased and cerrented.
`
`Be a Supply Chain
`
`tril. nnnmnuuun, ennu-
`nNILex
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`
`Fteynotds noted that earty experimens with open-hate gave poorerresuttstrom
`the standpoint ot microseisrnic monitoring as we! as production pertormance.
`On the otherside ot the debate are the advocates of my cemented tinets. These
`
`wek are typicaiy more expensive Aato complete. but aitow rnax'mum control of
`fracture placement providing there is good Agcemenfing in the horizontal section.
`which can sometimes be achafienge.
`
`Listing the pros and cons of each system. Reynoids sad the big advantage of the
`open-note packer system is that its a fitgcontinuous trac process. It can be done
`quictdy it logistics flow everything to be located on site. "If you're pumping
`100.000 kiograms pertracture stage. you might I1ot be able to da italt in one
`day.” he said."But generaaymyou can do 15 tracsin aday. or more."
`
`t1:tp::'twww.rt-ewtecrunage:irte.oomttrtdes<.pt'tptrtenrstarchived-arfic|est1853-opet't-hole-or-cased-and-oemeroed
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`1 of 4
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`1.-'4
`Exhibit 2010
`IPR2016-01496
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`

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`6f24J2D15
`
`Open- Hole Or Cased And Cern erted
`
`NEW TECHNOLOGY MABAZINE SUPPLEMENT
`
`MUL'I15TAflE FRAGIGNG
`AND HORIZONTAL DRILLING
`
`WINUZIHUH
`QNITIIHU
`
`FOUNDATIONS MAGAZINE
`
`PRESCRIPTION FOR PROGRESS
`
`,_,r-u _-._...._.__._..—......._...
`] Foundations
`
`
`
`Other advantages include high pump rates and the fact that there's no frac fluid or
`proppant imit. Also. Reynolds said open-hole completions may enjoy a slight cost
`advantage over cased and cemented wels.
`
`on the downside. one of the disadvantages of open-hole Agsystenrs is the
`number of frac intervds has historicatty been fimited to about 2:1 stages. fir¢',"But
`now mtfltipiier systems Agate beconing avdtabie where we can frac up to E0
`stages." firgso there may be fewer limits Agin the number of stages. Fteynotds
`conceded.
`
`Open-hate systems have less control over frar: length and frac ptacement. he
`said. "In tight oi. as in ightgas. fracture hatf-length is everything." Frac fir¢',haff-
`tength refers to the radiat distance from the weflbore to the outer tip of a fracture.
`Atso. he said seting the hydraufic paclers may create frac initiation points.
`
`If the has aren't recovered. the operator may need to mil out the baits and seats.
`addng sigrrificant cost. However. Fleyndds noted one vendor has retrievabte
`baiitseat assembfies.
`
`Looking at the pros and cons of the cased and cemented systems. Reynolds said
`two big advantages are longerfracs and more control over where each frac
`initiates. He beieves one of the biggest future innovations of cemented
`comptetions we be the opponurnty to use cemented frac ports. which can be
`shifted with a bal or coded tubing.
`
`"This is. I ttink. the future. We've mn a coupte of these. [We've had] very good
`results in terms of fracture placement and productivity." he said about cemented
`frac ports. which he cafied a"potentiai breakthrough technotogy for cemented
`completions."
`
`He said cemented frac ports are cunentiy being used in retativetyshflow
`appficaions such as in tiikirrg fight oi in Saskatchewan.
`
`Other new technaloges forcased-hate fmcisotation inciude dnmpite bridge
`plugs that can be easiy rnfled out Fteynotds said Haitiburton Energy Services
`has a seif-removing bridge plug that can be set on a timer to explode into a we of
`ceranic dust-"a reaiy good way to remove bridge ptugs.”
`
`On the downside. it takes figionger to frac the sarrre number of intenrais in a
`cased and cemented wefl than in an open-hate wett. Th is because of the time it
`tak to perforate and the fact that it isn't a continuous process.
`"People who are looking strictiy at cost are going to probably stick with ha!-drop
`systems." Fteyndds said. But if the operator and its senece companies are adept-
`and don‘t encounter any probiems that extend the operation-the cemented
`completion "can be cost competitive." he added.
`
`In some cases. reservotrcondiions may dictate the use of rased and cememed
`comptetions. In the Horn River. forexampte. paclrersystems can‘! withstand the
`high temperatures.
`Reynolds said many innovative toois and techniques are emerging that he
`beiieves have the potential to change the way mufti-fractured horizontat webs are
`completed in the future. "Hang onto your hat-there‘s a tot of technical innovation
`going on." he said.
`
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`Open- Hole Or Cased And CeI'neI'l:ed
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`energy regulator to avoid a potenim coniicl with its
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`>7.'=3r:er‘l Elsi,-il'_r :'-ir‘=;r:'IJir‘-31'» Tier: in i»-‘.l',;-.'-‘-
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