‘-
`
`+1.1|val"II1I'i1l"‘1ll"‘L:l':‘~zil
`
`ELECTRONICS
`
`ENGINEERING
`
`DICTIONARY
`
`STEVEN M. KAPLAN
`
`•
`
`•
`
`!
`
`~·
`
`

`

`WILEY ELECTRICAL AND
`ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
`DICTIONARY
`
`Steven M. Kaplan
`Lexicographer
`
`+.IEEE
`
`IEEE PRESS
`
`ffiWILEY(cid:173)
`\VINTERSCIENCE
`A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION
`
`I
`
`

`

`Copyright 11' 2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
`
`Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
`Published simultaneously in Canada.
`
`No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by
`any means. electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted
`under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written
`permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the
`Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 0 l 923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-
`8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed
`to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-
`6011 , fax (201) 748-6008.
`
`Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in
`preparing this book, they make no representation or warranties with respect to the accuracy or
`completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of I
`merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales
`representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable
`for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor
`author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to
`special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
`
`For general information on our other products and services please contact our Customer Care Department
`within the U.S. at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993 or fax 317-572-4002.
`
`Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print, however,
`may not be available in electronic format.
`
`Libl'lllJ' of Congress Catalogi11g-i11-P11blicatio11 Data is available.
`
`Kaplan, Steven M.
`
`Wiley Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dictionary
`
`ISBN 0-4 7 l-40224-9
`
`Printed in the United States of America.
`
`10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
`
`

`

`·ubnanosecond
`
`755
`
`subtractive color system
`
`of 44. I, as the latter has been divided by 2. Also spelled
`submultiple.
`;ubnanosecond A time interval shorter than a nanosecond.
`Also spel led sub-nanosecond.
`;ubnet Abbreviation of subnetwork.
`su bnet mask Abbreviation of subnetwork mask.
`· ubnetwork A network within a larger network. Fo r exam(cid:173)
`ple, the Internet is a worldwide network of interconnected
`Its
`autonomous networks, each of which is a subnetwork.
`abbreviation is subnet. Also spelled sub-network.
`subnetwork mask A bit combination which identifies which
`portion of an IP address corresponds to the network or sub(cid:173)
`network. and blocks out the rest. For example. a network
`may use the same values in the first three address fields of a
`four field address such as WWW.XXX. YYY.ZZZ, and
`block out, or mask, all but the ZZZ portion, since it is the
`Its abbreviation is subnet mask.
`only one that will vary.
`Also spelled sub-network mask. Also called address
`mask, or network mask.
`·ubnotebook Same as subnotebook computer. Also spelled
`sub-notebook.
`subnotebook computer A computer which is lighter and
`smaller than a notebook computer, but larger than a hand(cid:173)
`held computer. Such a computer usually weighs less than
`one kilogram, and generally features computing power simi(cid:173)
`lar to a desktop model. Also spelled sub-notebook com(cid:173)
`puter. Also called subnotebook, or mini-notebook.
`~u bpaneI A panel which fom1s part of a larger panel. For
`instance, that which provides additional controls. Also
`spelled sub-panel.
`rn bprogram A part, such as a subroutine or module, of a
`larger program. For example, a subrouti ne can be invoked
`by a program to perform a given task , then return control to
`the invoking program. Also spelled sub-program.
`ubroutine Within a computer program, a small group of
`instructions which perform a given task. Also spelled sub(cid:173)
`routine. Also called routine (1 ), function (3), or proce(cid:173)
`dure (2).
`It may consist, for
`bschema A subset within a schema.
`instance, of a database description from the perspective of a
`specific application , or the part of a database pertaining to a
`given department within an enterprise. Also spelled sub(cid:173)
`schema .
`bscribe I. To pay or otherwise sign-up for a given service,
`such as CA TV. 2. To authorize an entity to send informa-
`1ion. For example to agree to become part of a mailing list.
`~b scriber A user or other entity which has been authorized
`: utilize or receive one or more services. For example, a
`user who has paid for access to the Internet, telephone ser(cid:173)
`•·ice, or satellite channels.
`bsc riber Identity Module Same as SIM.
`_!J sc riber Identity Module card Same as SIM card .
`· ~ criber line A pair of wires, or its equiva lent, extending
`·:om a telephone central office to the premises of a cus-
`mer. Also called subscriber loop, loop (7), local loop,
`lo al line, or line loop.
`::scri ber line interface circuit A circuit, usually in the
`- rm of a chip, that converts a two-wire subscriber line sig-
`- I into a four-wire signal, and vice versa, at a central office,
`? BX, or the like, and which in addition performs other func(cid:173)
`.wns such as line supervision. Its acronym is SLIC.
`scriber loop Same as subscriber line.
`bscription television Same as subscription TV.
`-bsc ription TV Abbreviation ·of subscription television .
`. .>,lso called pay TV. I. A service in which payment is made
`' be able to view TV content which is otherwise unavail(cid:173)
`:ible at a given location. Examples include pay-per-view,
`
`and premium channels. A decoder box is usually necessary
`for such programming. 2. Any TY service which requires
`payment. These include subscription TV (1), basic satel(cid:173)
`lite, premium cable, and so on.
`subset A set which is contained within or forms part of an(cid:173)
`other larger set.
`subsonic Pertaining to, generating, sensitive to, or utilizing
`subsonic frequencies . Also spelled sub-sonic. Also called
`infrasonic.
`subsonic frequency A frequency below the range that hu(cid:173)
`mans can hear. That is, below about 20 Hz. Also spelled
`sub-sonic frequency . Also called subaudiblc frequency ,
`or infrasonic frequenc y.
`subsonic phenomena Phenomena occurring within. or per(cid:173)
`taining to subsonic frequencies. Also spelled su b-so nic
`phenomen a. Also called infrasonic phenomena.
`substation A station which is a part of a larger station, which
`supplements a larger station, or which is located between
`larger stations or between a larger station and an other loca(cid:173)
`tion. For example, a station between a power stati on and a
`group of homes. Also spelled sub-station.
`substitution method I. A method of measurement in which
`an unknown quantity is determined via the replacement with
`known quantities which have the same effect as that which
`has been replaced. For example, the determination of an
`unknown resistance by placing a resistor with a known value
`in its place. 2. The substitution of a component or device
`with an equivalent one, for testing, troubleshooting, or per(cid:173)
`fom1ing repairs.
`substrate 1. The base layer, or other surface upon which
`something is deposited, etched, attached, or otherwise pre(cid:173)
`pared or fabricated. A substrate also provides physical sup(cid:173)
`port and insulation. For example, the base film of a mag(cid:173)
`netic tape, or the plastic base of a compact disc. 2. A sub(cid:173)
`strate (1) utilized in the manufacturing of circuits and mi(cid:173)
`crocircuits. Such a substrate may be made, for instance, of
`ceramic, plastic, glass, or a semiconductor material. An ac(cid:173)
`tive substrate has active elements, such as
`transistors,
`formed directly on it, while passive substrates have compo(cid:173)
`nents mounted upon them.
`substring A subset within, or portion of, a string. Also
`spelled sub-string.
`subsystem Also spelled sub-system . I. A system wh ich is a
`part of, or assists, a larger system. Cache memory, for in(cid:173)
`stance, is a specialized high-speed storage subsystem. 2. A
`system which is subordinate to another system.
`subterranean Located or utili zed beneath the surface of the
`earth.
`subtitles In TY programming, and similar multimedia presen(cid:173)
`tations such as films presented in theaters, the providing of
`text, and symbols such as JJ , which are intended to accu(cid:173)
`rately transcribe the dialogue and describe the sounds of that
`being presented. A decoder is not necessary to show subti(cid:173)
`tles , as the displayed text and symbols arc always superim·
`posed on the viewed image. Useful, for instance, for those
`with
`reduced hearing.
`This contrasts with closed(cid:173)
`captioning, which requires a decoder to appear on-screen.
`subtracter Same as subtractor.
`subtracter circuit Same as subtractor. Also spelled sub(cid:173)
`tractor circuit.
`subtractive color A color fom1ed by a subtractive mixture.
`subtractive color process A method of producing colors
`through a subtractive mixture. Also called subtractive
`process, or subtractive synthesis.
`subtractive color system A system of combining subtractive
`primary colors in varying proportions to yield a full range of
`colors.
`
`