THIRD EDITION
`
`P ETER DYSON
`
`CLEAR DEFINITIONS FOR
`THOUSANDS OF NETWORKING
`TERMS, ACRONYMS, AND
`A BBREVIATIONS
`
`COVERS WINDOWS 2000,
`N ETW/ARE 5, UNIX, LINUX,
`SOLARIS AND MORE
`
`FOR NETWORK USERS,
`N ETWORK ADMINISTRATORS,
`A ND STUDENTS
`
`I NCLUDES COVERAGE OF
`N ETWORKING CERTIFICATIONS
`
`~~I~
`
`CD CONTAINS A
`FULLY SEARCHABLE
`ELECTRONIC VERSION OF THE
`DICTIONARY OF NETWORKING
`
`CISCO SYSTEMS
`~~
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`0
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`COMPLIMENTS OF CISCO SYSTEMS
`
`Dish
`Exhibit 1060, Page 1
`
`

`

`The Dictionary of Networking
`
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`See inside back cover for details...
`
`Dish
`Exhibit 1060, Page 2
`
`

`

`Dictionarv
`of
`Networki ng
`
`Third Edition
`
`Dish
`Exhibit 1060, Page 3
`
`

`

`Dictionarv
`of
`Networki ng
`
`third Edition
`
`Peter Dyson
`
`San Francisco Paris Dusseldorf Soest London
`
`Dish
`Exhibit 1060, Page 4
`
`

`

`Associate Publisher: Guy Hart-Davis
`Contracts and Licensing Manager: Kristine O'Callaghan
`Acquisitions 8z Developmental Editor: Neil Edde
`Editor: Pat Coleman
`Project Editor: Jeremy Crawford
`Technical Editor: Mark Kovach
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`Electronic Publishing Specialist: Bill Gibson
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`SYBEX, Network Press, and the Network Press logo are registered trademarks of SYBEX Inc.
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`The CD Interface music is from GIRA Sound AURIA Music LibraryOGIRA Sound 1996.
`
`TRADEMARKS: SYBEX has attempted throughout this book to distinguish proprietary trademarks
`from descriptive terms by following the capitalization style used by the manufacturer.
`
`The author and publisher have made their best efforts to prepare this book, and the content is based
`upon final release software whenever possible. Portions of the manuscript may be based upon pre-
`release versions supplied by software manufacturer(s). The author and the publisher make no represen-
`tation or warranties of any kind with regard to the completeness or accuracy of the contents herein and
`accept no liability of any kind including but not limited to performance, merchantability, fitness for any
`particular purpose, or any losses or damages of any kind caused or alleged to be caused directly or indi-
`rectly from this book.
`
`The first edition of this book was published under the title Novell's Dictionary o f Networking copyright
`OO 1994 SYBEX Inc.
`
`Second edition copyright 01995 SYBEX Inc.
`
`Copyright OO 1999 SYBEX Inc., 1151 Marina Village Parkway, Alameda, CA 94501. World rights
`reserved. No part of this publication may be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or reproduced in
`any way, including but not limited to photocopy, photograph, magnetic or other record, without the
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`Library of Congress Card Number: 99-62864
`ISBN: 0-7821-2461-5
`
`Manufactured in the United States of America
`
`1098765,4
`
`Dish
`Exhibit 1060, Page 5
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`

`

`Switched 56
`
`been swapped out of memory temporarily
`to make room for other running programs.
`
`For more information on Sybase, Inc., see
`www.sybase.com.
`
`A swap file may be permanent, always occu-
`pying the same amount of hard-disk space,
`even though the application that created it
`inay not be running, or temporary, created
`as and when needed.
`
`See also permanent swap file; temporary
`swap file; virtual memory.
`
`Switched 56 A switched four-wire digi-
`tal data service available from a local ex-
`change carrier that operates at 56Kbps.
`
`See also Virtual Private Network.
`
`Switched Multimegabit Data
`Services Abbreviated SMDS. A high-
`speed metropolitan-area network service
`based on the 802.6 standard for use over T1
`and T3 circuits. SMDS supports Ethernet,
`Token Ring, and FDDI (Fiber Distributed
`Data Interface) gateways.
`
`See also Asynchronous Transfer Mode.
`
`switched virtual circuit Abbreviated
`SVC. A communications circuit that is es-
`tablishedfor the duration of the session and
`then disconnected, much like a normal
`voice telephone call. SVCs are used exten-
`sively in X.25 networks
`
`See also permanent virtual circuit.
`
`Sybase, Inc. A leading supplier of data-
`base management and applications devel-
`opment software, including PowerBuilder,
`a rapid application development environ-
`ment, and PowerJEnterprise, aJava devel-
`opment package.
`
`Symantec Corporation A leading de-
`veloper of utility programs for the PC and
`the Macintosh whose products include ap-
`plication and system software, security and
`antivirus packages, remote productivity,
`and Internet access.
`
`For more information on Symantec Corpo-
`ration, see www. symantec . com.
`
`Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line
`See Single-Line Digital Subscriber Line
`
`symmetrical multiprocessing A mul-
`tiprocessing design that assigns a task to a
`processor in response to system load as the
`application starts running. This design
`makes for a much more flexible system
`than asymmetrical multiprocessing, in
`which the programmer matches a specific
`task to a certain processor while writing
`the program.
`
`In symmetrical multiprocessing, the overall
`workload is shared by all processors in the
`system; system performance increases as
`more processors are added into the system.
`The drawback is that symmetrical multi-
`processing operating systems are much
`harder to design than asymmetrical multi-
`processing operating systems.
`
`See a/so asymmetrical multiprocessing.
`
`synchronization The timing of separate
`elements or events to occur simultaneously.
`In computer-to-computer communica-
`tions, the hardware and software must be
`
`358
`
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`Exhibit 1060, Page 6
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`

`

`Synchronous Optical Network
`
`Synchronized so that file transfers can take
`place.
`$ee also asynchronous transmission; syn-
`chronous transmission.
`Synchronous Data Link Control Ab-
`breviated SDLC. The data-link protocol
`most widely used in networks that con-
`form to IBM's SNA (Systems Network
`A.rchitecture).
`SDLC is abit-oriented synchronous proto-
`colthat organizes information into well-de-
`fined units known as frames. SDLC is
`similar to the HDLC (High-level Data Link
`Control) protocol defined by the Interna-
`tional Organization for Standardization
`(ISO).
`See also data-link layer; High-level Data
`Link Control; Systems Network
`Architecture.
`
`Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Ab-
`breviated SDH. A set of fiber-optic—based
`standards from the ITU for use with
`SONET and ATM in Europe
`
`synchronous DRAM Abbreviated
`SDRAM. A high-speed memory technolo-
`
`gy, faster than EDO RAM; used in work-
`stations and servers.
`
`synchronous graphics RAM Abbrevi-
`ated SGRAM. A type of high-speed dynam-
`ic RAM used in video adapters.
`
`Synchronous Optical Network Ab-
`breviated SONET. A set of fiber-optic—
`based communications standards with
`transmission rates from S 1.84Mbps to
`13.22Gbps.
`
`First proposed by Bellcore in the mid-
`1980s, SONET was standardized by ANSI,
`and the ITU adapted SONET in creating the
`worldwide Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
`(SDH) standard.
`
`SONET uses synchronous transmissions in
`which individual channels (called tributar-
`ies) are merged into higher-level channels
`using time-division multiplexing tech-
`niques. Data is carried in frames of 810
`bytes, which also includes control informa-
`tion known as the overhead.
`
`See also Optical Carrier; Synchronous
`Digital Hierarchy.
`
`SYNCHRONOUS DATA LINK CONTROL
`
`d~~
`start
`field
`
`address
`field
`
`control
`field
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`information
`field
`
`~Yc{1c
`«dundancy
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`
`data
`redundancy
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`end
`flag.
`
`~~~
`
`Dish
`Exhibit 1060, Page 7
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`

`

`OF
`
`~1 t Last—Clear and Comprehensible Definitions of
`All the Networking Acronyms, Termss and
`Abbreviations You llleed to Know
`The Dictionary of Networking is a highly read-
`able, authoritative guide to the extensive —and
`often bewildering —terminology of networking
`computing. This completely updated and expand-
`ed third edition spans al l aspects of networking
`hardware and software —from peer-to-peer net-
`works to enterprise wide area networks (WANs),
`the Internet, and internetworking—and covers
`every major network operating system. Topics
`i nclude:
`n Certification prograrx~s
`n Communications
`n Industry standards
`n The Interned and intranefis
`n LANs, MANs, WANs
`n Mobile and wireless computing
`n Networking administration
`n Networking theory and concepts
`n Operating systems and environments
`n PC and server hardware
`n Protocols
`n Security
`n Slang
`n Voice and data transmissions
`
`90000
`
`The CD contains a fully searchable electronic
`edition of the Dictionary of Networking.
`
`9
`
`780782 124613
`
`~
`
`~gIX~
`
`Lit#954959
`
`US $29.99 CAN $45.00 UK £19.99
`
`ISBN 0- 7 8 21,- 2 4 61- 5
`
`Dish
`Exhibit 1060, Page 8
`
`