US009094268B2
`
`(12) United States Patent
`Greszczuk et a1.
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 9,094,268 B2
`Jul. 28, 2015
`
`(54) MULTICARRIER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
`WITH LOW POWER SLEEP MODE AND
`RAPID-ON CAPABILITY
`
`Applicant: TQ DELTA, LLC, Austin, TX (US)
`
`Inventors: John A. Greszczuk, Stow, MA (US);
`Richard W. Gross, Acton, MA (US);
`Hall] Padir, Lexington, MA (US);
`Michael A. Tzannes, Lexington, MA
`(US)
`
`52/0235 (2013.01); H04W 52/0241 (2013.01);
`H04L 12/40169 (2013.01); Y02B 60/50
`(2013.01)
`
`(58) Field of Classification Search
`CPC ..... .. H04B 1/402; H04B 3/23; H04L 27/2601
`USPC ....... .. 375/219, 220, 222, 260, 282, 356, 373,
`375/376; 370/311, 378, 505; 455/500, 551,
`455/560, 574
`See application file for complete search history.
`References Cited
`
`TQ DELTA, LLC, Austin, TX (US)
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. l54(b) by 0 days.
`
`14/295,931
`
`Jun. 4, 2014
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2014/0286379 A1
`
`Sep. 25, 2014
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`5,206,886 A
`5.224.152 A
`
`4/1993 Bingham
`6/1993 Harte
`
`(Continued)
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`0473465
`0840474
`
`3/1992
`5/ 1998
`
`(Continued)
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
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`Oflicial Action for Canadian Patent Application No. 2,800,005. dated
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`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(Continued)
`
`Continuation of application No. 14/092,248, filed on
`Nov. 27, 2013, now Pat. No. 8,750,352, which is a
`continuation of application No. 13/887,889, filed on
`May 6, 2013, now Pat. No. 8,611,404, which is a
`
`Int. Cl.
`H04L 5/I6
`H04L 27/26
`
`(Continued)
`
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(Continued)
`
`U.S. Cl.
`CPC
`
`H04L 27/2601 (2013.01); H04L IMI0006
`(2013.01); H04/ll II/06 (2013.01); H01/W
`
`Primary Examiner — Khai Tran
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm —Jason H. Vick; Sheridan
`Ross, PC
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`A multicarrier transceiver is provided with a sleep mode in
`which it idles with reduced powerconsumption when it is not
`needed to transmit or receive data. The full transmission and
`reception capabilities of the transceiver are quickly restored
`when needed, without requiring the full (and time-consum-
`ing) initialization commonly needed to restore such trans-
`ceivers to operation after inactivity.
`
`28 Claims, 4 Drawing Sheets
`
`Dish
`Exhibit 1001, Page 1
`
`

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`
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`
`US 9,094,268 B2
`Page 2
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`continuation of application No. 13/152,558, filed on
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`
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`Jun. 3, 2011, now Pat. No. 8,437,382, which is a con-
`
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`>>D>>CI>>D>D>>3>3>D>>D>>
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`Dish
`Exhibit 1001, Page 2
`
`

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`US 9,094,268 B2
`Page 3
`
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`(56)
`
`
`
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`Apr. 13, 2015.
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`
`Communication Under Rule 71(3) EPC—lntention to Grant for
`
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`
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`European Patent Application No. 1001 1996.5, dated Mar. 25, 2015.
`
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`* cited by examiner
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`Dish
`Exhibit 1001, Page 3
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jul. 28, 2015
`
`.4.101HB_h__S
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`US 9,094,268 B2
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`Dish
`Exhibit 1001, Page 4
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`

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`U.S. Patent
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`Jul. 23, 2015
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`Sheet 2 of4
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`US 9,094,268 B2
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`Subchannel
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`5-0
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`51
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`Dish
`Exhibit 1001, Page 5
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`U.S. Patent
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`Jul. 28, 2015
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`Sheet 3 of 4
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`US 9,094,268 B2
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`C0 Transceiver
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`Notify:
`Acknowledge Sleep
`Mode
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`Detect "Entering Sleep
`Mode"
`Notify: "Entering Sleep
`Mode"
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`Enter Sleep
`Mode Store
`State Continue Sync
`Monitor
`For Exit
`Reduce Power
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`Dectect "Exiting Sleep
`Mode"
`Exit Sleep Mode
`Restore State
`Restore Power
`Resume Transmission
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`Verify Data
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`Full Data
`Communltlon
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`CPE Transceiver
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`80
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`Receive Power Down /V
`Indication
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`82
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`Notify: 'lntend To Enter /7//
`Sleep Mode"
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`Notify "Entering Sleep
`Mode"
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`86
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`2/
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`ZI?
`Detect CO Entrance
`Into Sleep Mode
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`92
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`/V
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`: E
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`nter Sleep Mode
`Store State Continue
`Frame Counter
`Redirect PLL Input
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`Sleep
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`Awaken
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`:I:
`Exit Sleep Mode
`Notify
`Restore State Restore
`Power Restore PLL
`Input
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`ZI?
`Send Test Data
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`Resume Full Data
`Communication
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`Dish
`Exhibit 1001, Page 6
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`U.S. Patent
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`Jul. 23, 2015
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`Sheet 4 of4
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`US 9,094,268 B2
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`Analog Front
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`Data Buffer
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`Dish
`Exhibit 1001, Page 7
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`

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`US 9,094,268 B2
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`1
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`MULTICARRIER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
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`VVITH LOW POVVER SLEEP MODE AND
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`RAPID-ON CAPABILITY
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`CROSS—REFERENCE TO RELATED
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`APPLICATIONS
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`This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser.
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`No. 14/092,248, filedNov. 27, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,750,
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`352, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.
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`13/887,889, filed May 6, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,611,404,
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`which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/152,
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`558, filed Jun. 3, 201 1, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,437,382, which is
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`a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/615,946, filed
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`Nov. 10, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,978,753, wl1icl1 is a
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`continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/425,507, filed
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`Jtm. 21, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,697,598, which is a con-
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`tinuation ofU.S. application Ser. No. 11/289,516, filed Nov.
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`30, 2005, which is a continuation ofU.S. application Ser. No.
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`11/090,183, filed Mar. 28, 2005, which is a continuation of
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`US application Ser. No. 10/778,083, filed Feb. 17, 2004,
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`which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/175,
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`815, filed Jun. 21, 2002, which is a continuation of U.S.
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`application Ser.No. 09/581,400, filed Jun. 13, 2000, now U.S.
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`Pat. No. 6,445,730, which is a 371 of International Applica-
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`tion No. PCT/US99/01539, filed Jan. 26, 1999, which claims
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`the benefit of and priority to U.S. application Ser. No. 60/072,
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`447, filed Jan. 26, 1998 entitled “Multicarrier Transmission
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`System with a Low Power Sleep Mode and with Instant-On
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`Capability” each of which are incorporated herein by refer-
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`ence in their entirety.
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`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
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`The invention relates to multicarrier transmission systems,
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`and comprises method and apparatus for establishing a power
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`management sleep state in a multicarrier system.
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`SUMMARY OF THE 1NVl:'N'l'l()N
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`Multicarrier transmission systems provide high speed data
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`links between communication points. Such systems have
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`recently been introduced for communications over the local
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`subscriber loop that connects a telephone service subscriber
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`to a central telephone office; in this important application they
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`are commonly referred to as “XDSL” systems, where the “x”
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`specifies a particular variant of DSL (digital subscriber loop)
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`communications, e.g., ADSL (asynchronous digital sub-
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`scriber loop), HDSI, (High-Speed Digital Subscriber Loop),
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`etc. These will be referred to generically herein simply as
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`“DSL” systems.
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`In such systems, a pair of transceivers communicate with
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`other by dividing the overall bandwidth of the channel inter-
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`connecting the subscriber and the central office into a large
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`number of separate subchamiels, each of limited bandwidth,
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`operating in parallel with each other. For example, one com-
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`mon system divides the subscriber line charmel into two
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`hundred and fifty six subchannels, each of 4.3 kilohertz band-
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`width. A first group of these (e.g., one hundred ninety six) is
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`allocated to communications from the central office to the
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`subscriber (this is known as the “downstream” direction); a
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`second group (e.g., thirty-two) is allocated to communica-
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`tions from the subscriber to the central office (this is known as
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`the “upstream” direction). The remaining subchannels are
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`allocated to administrative, overhead and control (AOC)
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`ftmctions.
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`2
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`Data to be communicated over the link is divided into
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`groups of bits. one group for each subcharmel. The group of
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`bits allocated to a given subchannel is modulated onto a
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`carrier whose frequency is specific to that channel. Typically,
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`quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is used for this
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`purpose, and the group ofbits is mapped into a vector defined
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`by one of the points of a “constellation” which specifies the
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`allowable data points for transmission over that subcl1a1mel at
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`a particular time. Each vector or data point thus comprises a
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`unique symbol representing a specific bit configuration for
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`transmission as a group over its associated subcharmel. Dur-
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`ing the time period allocated for transmission of a symbol
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`(commonly referred to as a “symbol period” or “frame”),
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`each subchannel transmits its symbol in parallel with all other
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`subchannels so that large amounts of data can be transmitted
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`during each frame.
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`The number ofbits carried by a symbol is dependent on the
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`characteristics of the subchannel over which it is to be trans-
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`mitted. This may vary from one subchannel to another. The
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`principal determinant is the signal—to—noise ratio of the sub-
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`charmel. Accordingly, this parameter is measured from time
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`to time in order to ascertain its value for each subchamiel, and
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`thus determine the number of bits to be transmitted on the
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`particular subcharmel at a given time.
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`The telephone charmel is subject to a number of impair-
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`ments which must be compensated for in order to ensure
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`reliable transmission. Phase (delay) distortion of the trans-
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`mitted signal is typically the most limiting of these i1npair—
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`ments. This distortion is frequency-dependent, and thus com-
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`aonents of a signal at different frequencies are shifted by
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`varying amounts, thereby distorting the signal and increasing
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`he likelihood oferroneous detection unless provision is made
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`0 combat it. To this end, frequency domain equalizers (FDQ)
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`and time domain equalizers (TDQ) are commonly incorpo-
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`rated into the transmission cl1am1el i11 order to equalize the
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`aha se (time) delay across the channel frequency band. Other
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`impairments also exist. For example, frequency-dependent
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`signal attenuation adversely affects signal transmission on
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`he telephone line. This is compensated by the use of gain
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`equalizers on the line, while echo on the line is handled by the
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`use of echo cancellers.
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`The problem of signal impairment is especially serious in
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`hose XDSL configurations which carry the DSL communi-
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`cations on a common line with ordinary voice communica-
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`ions but which omit the use of a “splitter” at either the
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`subscriber premises the central oflice or both. A “splitter” is
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`aasically a filter which separates the low—frequency voice
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`communications (e.g., from zero to four kilohertz) from the
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`iigher frequency data commtmications (which may extend
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`up into the megahertz band) and provides a strong degree of
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`isolation between the two. In the absence of a splitter, unique
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`orovisions must be made to accommodate voice and data
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`communications on the same line. For a more detailed
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`description of the problem and its solution, see the co-pend-
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`ing application of Richard Gross et al. entitled “Splitterless
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`\/Iulticarrier Modem”, Serial No. PCT/US98 21442, filed
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`Oct. 9, 1998, a11d assigned to the assignee of the present
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`invention, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by
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`reference.
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`Because of their extensive use in Internet communications
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`as well as in other applications, DSL transceivers are com-
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`monly maintained in the “on” state, ready to transmit or
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`receive once they have been installed and initialized. Thus,
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`such modems consume a significant amount of power, even
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`when they are not actively transmitting or receiving data. It is
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`generally desirable to li1nit this power consumption, both for
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`environmental reasons as well as to prolong the life of the
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`'
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`Dish
`Exhibit 1001, Page 8
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`

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`US 9,094,268 B2
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`3
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`equipment. Further, such modems may be implemented or
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`incorporated in part or in wl1ole ir1 computer equipment such
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`as in personal computers forhome andbusiness use, and such
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`computers increasingly incorporate power conservation pro-
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`cedures. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,428,790, “Com-
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`puter Power Management System”, issued Jun. 27, 1995 on
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`the application ofL. D. Harper. Thus, it is desirable to provide
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`an ADSL modem which can accommodate power conserva-
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`tion procedures in equipment with which it is associated, as
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`well as independently of such equipment as may be appro-
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`priate.
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`Because of the complexity of DSL transceivers, and the
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`conditions under which they must operate, it is necessary to
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`initialize them prior to the transmission and reception of data.
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`This initialization includes, inter alia, channel corrections
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`such as “training” the frequency—domain and time—domain
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`equalizers and the echo cancellers; setting the channel gains;
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`negotiating the transmission and reception data rates; adjust-
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`ing the fine gains on the subchamiels over which communi-
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`cation is to take place; setting the coding parameters; and the
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`like.
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`it
`Additionally,
`includes measuring the signal-to -noise
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`ratio of each ofthe subcharmels, calculating the bit—allocation
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`tables characteristic of each under given conditions of trans-
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`mission, and exchanging these tables with other modems with
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`which a given modem communicates. For more detailed dis-
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`cussion of these procedures, refer to the application of Rich-
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`ard Gross et al., cited above and incorporated herein by ref-
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`erence. These procedures car1 require from seconds to tens of
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`seconds. In a new installation, the time required is inconse-
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`quential. However, in an already-operating installation, the
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`time required to initialize or re-initialize the system after a
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`suspension of operation in connection with power conserva-
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`tion is generally unacceptable, since it is typically desired to
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`have the modem respond to request for service nearly instan-
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`taneously.
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`Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a
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`multicarrier transmission system having a low power sleep
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`mode and a rapid—on capability.
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`Further, it is ar1 object of tlie invention to provide a multi-
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`carrier transmission system for use in digital subscriber line
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`communications that can rapidly switch from a sleep mode to
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`a full—on condition.
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`Still another object of the invention is to provide a DSL
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`system that can readily be integrated into a computer having
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`a low power sleep mode and which is capable of rapid return
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`to full operation.
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`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THF DRAWINGS
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`The invention description below refers to the accompany-
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`ing drawings, of wl1icl1:
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`FIG. 1 is a block and line diagram of a multicarrier trans-
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`mission system in accordance with a preferred embodiment
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`of the present invention;
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`FIG. 1A is a portion of an exemplary chart showing a
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`possible bit distribution among subchamiels;
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`FIG. 1B illustrates a timing signal used in accordance with
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`the invention;
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`FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of the operation of the present
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`invention; and
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`FIG. 3 is a block and line diagram of still another aspect of
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`the present invention.
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`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN
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`ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENT
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`For purposes of explanation, the present invention will be
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`described in tlie context of a11 ADSL system having a first
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`4
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`transceiver located at the site of a customer’s premises (re-
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`ferred to hereinafter as the “CPE transceiver”) and a second
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`transceiver located at a local central telephone oflice (herein-
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`after referred to as the “CO transceiver”). The two are inter-
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`connected for communication by means of a common tele-
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`phone line over which voice and data are to be transmitted,
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`and the CO transceiver is commonly connected into a broader
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`network such as the Internet to and fro111 which data is to be
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`communicated. The system will be described as using Fourier
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`transform technology for modulation and demodulation of
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`the data to be transmitted. It will be understood, however, that
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`tl1e invention is not limited to this environment, and is appli-
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`cable to point-to-point communications is other environ-
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`ments, and with other forms of 1nodulation/demodulation.
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`Further, since the CPE transceiver and CO transceiver are
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`very similar, the invention will be explained in comiection
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`with a detailed illustration of the CPE transceiver only.
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`In FIG. 1, a DSL transceiver 10 in accordance with the
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`present invention has a transmitter section 12 for transmitting
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`data over a digital subscriber line 14 and a receiver section 16
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`for receiving data fror11 the line. The transmitter section 12 is
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`formed from an input buffer and converter (IBC) 18 that
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`receives a serial string of data (e.g., binary digits) b, to be
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`transmitted and converts the data into a plurality of pairs of
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`complex-valued symbols X, and their conjugates XN_,.:X*,..
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`. N. Typically, the buffer 18 holds at least a frame of
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`data (a frame comprising the amount of data to be transmitted
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`during one symbol period). The pairs of symbols Xi and X*,.
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`are applied to an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) 20 to
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`provide real time output signals X], j—0, 1, N/2-1. The latter
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`in turn are converted to serial form in a parallel-to-serial
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`Convener (PSC) 22 and then applied to a digital-to-analog
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`converter (DAC) 24 for application to a line driver 26. The
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`converter 24 may apply a cyclic prefix to the signals X]. to
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`combat intersymbol interference caused by tl1e transmission
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`medium. The driver 26 may incorporate a gain control section
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`(GC) 26a for controlling the signal amplitude (and thus
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`power) as it is applied to a communication chamiel such as the
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`digital subscriber line 14.
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`IFFT 20 may be viewed as a data modulator. The symbols
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`Xi, and their conjugates XN_,., correspondto datapoints defin-
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`ing signal vectors in a quadrature amplitude modulation
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`(QAM) constellation set. The converter 18 forms the respec-
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`tive symbols fror11 the input data with tl1e aid ofa bit allocation
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`table (BAT) 28 which specifies, for each subchannel, the
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`number of bits to be carried by the symbol transmitted over
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`that subcharmel, and thus defines the data point to be associ-
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`ated with the symbol. This table is typically calculated at the
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`transceiver and is transmitted to other transceivers with which
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`the instant transceiver communicates, to thereby enable them
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`to decode the symbols received by them from the instant
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`transceiver.
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`The number of bits which each symbol carries is deter-
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`mined by the characteristics ofthe subchannel over which the
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`symbol is to be transmitted, and particularly by the signal-to-
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`noise ratio of the subchamiel. Procedures for this calculation
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`are known. FIG. 1A shows an example of such a table as
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`formed and stored at transceiver 10. Thus, the symbol to be
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`transmitted over subchannel 50 may be determined to have an
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`allocation of six bits; that of subchannel 51, six bits; that of
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`subchannel 52, seven bits, etc.
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`A Clock 30 controls tl1e timing of the operation of the
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`transmitter 12. It supplies input to a Controller 32 which
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`controls the individual units of the transmitter. In the case of
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`the CO transceiver, the clock 30 typically is a master clock to
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`which a remote transceiver, such as at a subscriber premises.
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`will be synchronized. I11 the case ofa transceiver at the sub-
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`2
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`Dish
`Exh