Author of IDG Books Worldwide’s
`f’g
`ggg Modems For Dummies”, 2nd Edition
`
`
`
` g by Tina Rathbone
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`MORE Modems For Dummies®
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`7 28 Part III: More E-Mail, Files, and Other Riches
`
`
`
`“Join NewNet! We offer the most subscribers!" Occasionally your eye catches an
`ad that touts a particular online service’s large subscriber base as some sort of
`big deal. Back when the services were little islands unto themselves, this
`marketing ploy worked: Joining an online service that offered scads o’ subscrib-
`ers meant reaching more scads of discussion groups, conferences, and e—mail
`boxes.
`
`N C T
`0,?
`
`65b
`
`E E
`
`Today, any service worth its dial tone offers Internet e—mail, discussion groups,
`and World Wide Web access. The number of subscribers to your particular
`online service or BBS no longer matters. Actually, less is more, in this case. A
`larger subscriber base means more callers clamoring to get online at the same
`time — and possibly a busy signal for you.
`
`In spite of the hoards of new computers hooking up to the Net each day, one
`truth remains constant. (In fact, this truth is what enables all these computers
`to join the network at all.) Every computer on the Internet has a universally
`recognizable address.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Atisket, a packet
`
`among other things. Most importantly, TCP en—
`sures that the packets can be reassembled into
`meaningful data — or e—mail, for this chapter—
`on the receiving end.
`
`Together, lP and TCP make it possible for com-
`puters on the lnternetto communicate. Although
`they're two separate protocols, they work to-
`gether so often that most people just refer to the
`whole scheme as TCP/IP. And finally, TCP works
`on top of IP as a layer. That's why you’re bound to
`see the relationship expressed as a TCP/IP stack.
`
`And now, a moment ofthanks to IP and TCP. They
`remain the most popular way for computers to
`send, receive, and forward packets to and fro on
`the Internet.
`
`To learn more than you ever dreamed possible
`about TCP, IP, and lnternet addresses, check out
`MORE InternetFor Dummies, by that most charm-
`ing siblingesque duo, John Levine and Margaret
`Levine Young.
`
`
`
`
`
`Before I can get into addresses, I have to talk
`about packets. See, every piece of data that
`passes through the lnternet— every file, every
`message — must first be broken up into smaller
`chunks called packets. (Even your humblest little
`"Me too" e-mail messages agreeing with your
`friends on the indisputable superiority of the old
`crayon colors.)
`
`For the budding metrologists among you, each
`packet measures no more than about 1000 char—
`acters. It's done automatically, thankfully—you
`don’t have to even think about it.
`
`A computer must be able to yell, "Hey! I'm over
`here!" to other computers. So a fancy Internet
`Protocol (IP) evolved.
`lP pushes the packets
`around according to the universally accepted
`rules for Internet addresses.
`
`An additional protocol oversees the packets’
`orderliness: TCP, for Transfer Control Protocol
`TCP dices the packets and numbers them,
`
` M
`
`First rule of intelligent tinkering: Save all
`
`the parts.
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