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`Cisco Systems, Inc. v. TQ Delta, LLC
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`IPR2016-01466
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`STANDARD
`DICTIONARY
`OF |
`COMPUTERS
`AND
`INFORMATION
`PROCESSING
`
` 2
`
`
`
`martin h. weik
`
`Chief
`Data ManagementDivision
`U. S. Army Research Office
`
`Chairman
`Subcommittee X3.5 (Terminology and Glossary)
`USA Standards Committee X3 (Computers and
`Information Processing)
`American National Standards Institute
`
`Chairman
`Information Retrieval Group
`Information Systems Subdivision
`Manufacturing Systems Division
`American Society of Tool and Manufacturing Engineers
`
`Chairman
`Subcommittee | (Glossary)
`Technical Data and Standardization Policy Committee
`Department of Defense
`
`Former Chief
`Special Systems Section
`Computing Laboratory
`_ Ballistic Research Laboratories
`U. S. Army
`
`Former USA Chief Delegate
`Subcommittee | (Vocabulary)
`Technical Committee 97 (Computers and Information Processing)
`International Organization for Standards
`
`Former Chairman
`Task Group on Glossary
`Committee on Scientific and Technical Information
`Office of Science and Technology
`Executive Office of the President
`
`Former Secretary
`Subcommittee 8.4 (Electronic Computer Definitions)
`Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
`
`Former Member
`
` 3
`
`
`
`~ STANDARD
`DICTIONARY
`OF |
`COMPUTERS —
`
`ANDINFORMATION.
`
`“PROCESSING
`
` 4
`
`
`
`To my wife and children, whose
`patience with me wasoften tried during
`the years of preparation, and to the
`many wonderful friends with whom I have
`worked in many vocabulary efforts.
`
`END PAPERS:
`Computertree traces
`growth of computers
`starting with the
`ENIAC
`in 1945,
`
`Third printing, 1970
`
`Copyright © 1969
`HAYDEN Book Company,INc. All rights reserved. This book or
`any parts thereof may not be reproduced in any form or in any
`language without permission of the publisher. Library of Congress
`
` 5
`
`
`
`expressed by a given convention, such as
`by an exponent of the radix of the
`numeration
`system.
`In
`floating-point
`notation, a numberis usually expressed as
`a
`fixed-point numeral
`that serves as a
`multiplying coefficient and an exponential
`part
`that consists of the radix of the
`numeration system raised to a power,
`which,
`in effect,
`locates the arithmetic
`point; hence,
`the term floating point. In
`the numeral 0.397 X 104, or 0,397 X 04,
`the 0.397 is
`the coefficient, sometimes
`called the fractional part, if it is less than
`unity, and the 04, or 4,
`is the power to
`which the radix is
`to be raised. The
`product is the magnitude of the number.
`In this case, 0.397 X 04 is equivalent to
`3970. Floating-point notation permits
`wide ranges of numbers to be expressed
`and helps to reduce scaling
`problems in
`computers, when it is difficult to predict
`the magnitude of computed quantities. A
`numeral resulting from an operation, such
`as 94,000,000 that might exceed the
`capacity of
`a
`register, might
`be
`represented as 9.4,7, or 94,6, where the
`third digit in the examples is an exponent
`of the radix. The radix,
`raised to the
`indicated power, is then multiplied by the
`remaining two digits, usually a fixed-point
`number. By proper selection of the value
`of the exponent, representing the
`power
`to which the radix is to be raised,
`the
`fractional part of the number may be held
`within a given range, still permitting the
`expression of numbers
`of
`greater
`magnitude.
`(Contrast with point, fixed
`and with point, variable.)
`point,
`index—In punch-card machines con-.
`taining rotating machinery driven by a
`main shaft, one of the equally spaced
`rotational reference positions of the main
`shaft. The
`equally
`spaced
`reference
`positions are usually chosen to be those at
`which successive card rows or columnsare
`at the sensing or punching station of the
`card reader or punch. Extra index points
`may be required to allow for a gap
`between cards while they are traversing
`the card track. The index point may be
`labeled according to the row or column,if
`any, to which it corresponds.
`point,
`load—A marked position on magnetic
`tape that is positioned under the recording
`head when the reel is mounted in a tape
`station. Reading and writing begin and
`end at this point. A metallic strip may be
`used to mark the load point, indicating to
`both the operator and the machine where
`to start or stop reading or writing.
`point, radix—Same aspoing, arithmetic.
`point,
`rerun—A location or a point
`computer
`program at which
`information
`required
`to
`repeat
`
`in a
`all
`the
`
`checkpoint in the event of an error or a
`malfunction. The rerun points may be
`only three to five minutes apart, so that
`instead of returning to the beginning of a
`. program in the eventofan error, it is only
`necessary to return to the last rerun point.
`All
`information pertinent
`to a rerun is
`available in stored or recorded form during
`the whole time from one rerun point to
`the next. One purpose of a checkpointis
`to permit
`the rerunning of the program
`from the checkpoint;
`thus, a checkpoint
`may serve as a rerun point. In any case, a
`computer run may be reconstituted and
`run again
`from a
`rerun point or
`checkpoint.
`(Synonymous with restart .
`point.
`point, restart—Sameas point, rerun.
`point, variable~A radix numeration system in
`which each number is represented by a
`numeral; that is, a set of digits, with the
`arithmetic
`point explicitly indicated by a
`character placed among the digits by the
`writer according to the magnitude of the
`number desired to be expressed;
`for
`example, 85.96, 8.596, or 859P6. Usually
`the point
`is
`a dot or period, and its
`position separates the coefficients of the
`negative powers of the radix from the
`coefficients of the positive powers of the
`radix, being just
`to the right of the
`coefficient of the zero powerof the radix;
`that
`is,
`just
`to the right of the units
`position.
`(Contrast with point, floating
`and with point, fixed.)
`point, zero-level
`transmission reference—An
`arbitrarily chosen
`physical point
`in a
`circuit
`to which alf transmission levels,
`such as current, voltage, and powerlevels,
`are referred or
`referenced, and so are
`measured from. The transmission level at
`the transmitting switchboard is frequently
`taken
`as
`the
`zero-level
`transmission
`reference level, and thus the transmitting
`switchboard becomes
`the
`zero-level
`transmission reference point.
`polarization diversity—See
`olarization.
`Polish notation—See notation, Polish.
`poll—In switching networks,
`to request a
`station to send data.
`of
`a mode
`to
`polymorphic—Pertaining
`computing system organization,
`configuration, or arrangement of major
`component parts in a manner such thatall
`components at a given installation are held
`ina common pool, and, as each program to
`be executed is selected, a specific set of
`components
`is chosen from the pool,
`electrically connected, used to execute the
`program, and, upon completion, returned
`to
`the
`pool. Each
`configuration
`of
`equipment is matched to the program, and
`as many
`programs
`can
`be
`run
`
`diversity,
`
`221
`
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