TQ Delta Exhibit 2007
`
`Cisco Systems, Inc. v. TQ Delta, LLC
`
`
`IPR2016-01466
`
` 1
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`“When I use a word,” Humpty Dumptysaid in rather a scornful tone,
`“jt means just what I choose it to mean—neither more norless.”
`“The question is,” said Alice, “Whether you can make words mean so
`many different things.”
`“The question is,” said Humpty Dumpty, “which is to be master — that’s
`all.”
`
`From Through the Looking Glass
`
`For effective communication, perhaps there can be no master. Both sender
`and receiver must have arrived at a basic agreement on the meaning of the
`terms and their codes in a given message. If agreement has not been reached,
`the sender must include definitions of the words and codes that are in the
`message,
`in which case there must have been prior agreement on the
`definition of the terms used in the definitions, ad infinitum. Standard
`Dictionary of Computers and Information Processing is designed to advance
`the ability of men and machines to communicate with one another.
`
`Vocabulary developmentin the broadfield of information processing, par-
`ticularly in computers and automatic data processing, passed a major mile-
`stone when the first American Standard Vocabulary for Information Proc-
`cessing was published by the United States of America Standards Institute
`(formerly the American Standards Association) in 1966. It required three
`years of painstaking effort on the part of Subcommittee X3.5, a highly skilled
`group of professional experts in information processing. Each memberof the
`group headeda glossary effort for either a computer manufacturer, a technical
`society, an educational institution, or the federal government. In addition to
`this standard, six other major vocabulary efforts were undertaken and com-
`pleted. They included:
`(1) The First Glossary of Programming Terminology, published in 1954,
`and Glossary of Terms in the Computer and Information Processing Field,
`both prepared by the Association for Computing Machinery.
`(2) Computer Programming and Engineering Terminology, glossaries
`prepared from 1954 through 1964 by the authorofthis dictionary as a series
`of revised vocabularies that were published both separately and as part of the
`Computer Surveys conducted by the Computing Laboratory of the Ballistic
`Research Laboratories. These glossaries were reprinted by many trade
`associations, computer manufacturers, and technical societies.
`
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`expressed by a given convention, such as
`by an exponent of the radix of the
`numeration
`system.
`In
`floating-point
`notation, a numberis usually expressed as
`a
`fixed-point numeral
`that serves as a
`multiplying coefficient and an exponential
`part
`that consists of the radix of the
`numeration system raised to a power,
`which,
`in effect,
`locates the arithmetic
`point; hence,
`the term floating point. In
`the numeral 0.397 X 104, or 0,397 X 04,
`the 0.397 is
`the coefficient, sometimes
`called the fractional part, if it is less than
`unity, and the 04, or 4,
`is the power to
`which the radix is
`to be raised. The
`product is the magnitude of the number.
`In this case, 0.397 X 04 is equivalent to
`3970. Floating-point notation permits
`wide ranges of numbers to be expressed
`and helps to reduce scaling
`problems in
`computers, when it is difficult to predict
`the magnitude of computed quantities. A
`numeral resulting from an operation, such
`as 94,000,000 that might exceed the
`capacity of
`a
`register, might
`be
`represented as 9.4,7, or 94,6, where the
`third digit in the examples is an exponent
`of the radix. The radix,
`raised to the
`indicated power, is then multiplied by the
`remaining two digits, usually a fixed-point
`number. By proper selection of the value
`of the exponent, representing the
`power
`to which the radix is to be raised,
`the
`fractional part of the number may be held
`within a given range, still permitting the
`expression of numbers
`of
`greater
`magnitude.
`(Contrast with point, fixed
`and with point, variable.)
`point,
`index—In punch-card machines con-.
`taining rotating machinery driven by a
`main shaft, one of the equally spaced
`rotational reference positions of the main
`shaft. The
`equally
`spaced
`reference
`positions are usually chosen to be those at
`which successive card rows or columnsare
`at the sensing or punching station of the
`card reader or punch. Extra index points
`may be required to allow for a gap
`between cards while they are traversing
`the card track. The index point may be
`labeled according to the row or column,if
`any, to which it corresponds.
`point,
`load—A marked position on magnetic
`tape that is positioned under the recording
`head when the reel is mounted in a tape
`station. Reading and writing begin and
`end at this point. A metallic strip may be
`used to mark the load point, indicating to
`both the operator and the machine where
`to start or stop reading or writing.
`point, radix—Same aspoing, arithmetic.
`point,
`rerun—A location or a point
`computer
`program at which
`information
`required
`to
`repeat
`
`in a
`all
`the
`
`checkpoint in the event of an error or a
`malfunction. The rerun points may be
`only three to five minutes apart, so that
`instead of returning to the beginning of a
`. program in the eventofan error, it is only
`necessary to return to the last rerun point.
`All
`information pertinent
`to a rerun is
`available in stored or recorded form during
`the whole time from one rerun point to
`the next. One purpose of a checkpointis
`to permit
`the rerunning of the program
`from the checkpoint;
`thus, a checkpoint
`may serve as a rerun point. In any case, a
`computer run may be reconstituted and
`run again
`from a
`rerun point or
`checkpoint.
`(Synonymous with restart .
`point.
`point, restart—Sameas point, rerun.
`point, variable~A radix numeration system in
`which each number is represented by a
`numeral; that is, a set of digits, with the
`arithmetic
`point explicitly indicated by a
`character placed among the digits by the
`writer according to the magnitude of the
`number desired to be expressed;
`for
`example, 85.96, 8.596, or 859P6. Usually
`the point
`is
`a dot or period, and its
`position separates the coefficients of the
`negative powers of the radix from the
`coefficients of the positive powers of the
`radix, being just
`to the right of the
`coefficient of the zero powerof the radix;
`that
`is,
`just
`to the right of the units
`position.
`(Contrast with point, floating
`and with point, fixed.)
`point, zero-level
`transmission reference—An
`arbitrarily chosen
`physical point
`in a
`circuit
`to which alf transmission levels,
`such as current, voltage, and powerlevels,
`are referred or
`referenced, and so are
`measured from. The transmission level at
`the transmitting switchboard is frequently
`taken
`as
`the
`zero-level
`transmission
`reference level, and thus the transmitting
`switchboard becomes
`the
`zero-level
`transmission reference point.
`polarization diversity—See
`olarization.
`Polish notation—See notation, Polish.
`poll—In switching networks,
`to request a
`station to send data.
`of
`a mode
`to
`polymorphic—Pertaining
`computing system organization,
`configuration, or arrangement of major
`component parts in a manner such thatall
`components at a given installation are held
`ina common pool, and, as each program to
`be executed is selected, a specific set of
`components
`is chosen from the pool,
`electrically connected, used to execute the
`program, and, upon completion, returned
`to
`the
`pool. Each
`configuration
`of
`equipment is matched to the program, and
`as many
`programs
`can
`be
`run
`
`diversity,
`
`221
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