COMP.REHENSIVE
`
`CO:V.ERAGE
`
`COMP.UTER
`
`Oxford
`
`Ex. 2010
`Page 1 of 3
`
`

`

`Contents
`
`Preface
`
`Guide to the Dictionary
`
`General Editor and Contributors
`Dictionary
`
`Appendices
`
`Generic Domain Names
`Country-Code Domain Names
`File Extensions
`Character Set
`Greek Alphabet
`Useful Web Sites
`
`OXFORD
`
`UNIVERSITY PRESS
`Great Clarendon Street. Oxford 0X2 6DP
`
`Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.
`It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship.
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`Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press
`in the UK and in certain other countries
`
`0 Market House Books Ltd. 1983, 1986, 1990, 1996, 2004
`
`The moral rights of the author have been asserted
`
`Database right Oxford University Press (maker)
`
`First published 1983
`Second edition 1986
`Third edition 1990
`Fourth edition 1996
`Fifth edition 2004
`
`All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
`stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means.
`without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press.
`or as expressly permitted bylaw, or under terms agreed with the appropriate
`reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction
`outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department.
`Oxford University Press, at the address above
`
`You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover
`and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer
`
`British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
`Data available
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
`Data available
`
`ISBN 0-19-860877-2
`
`1 T
`
`ypeset in Swift by Market House Books Ltd.
`
`Printed in Great Britain by Clays Ltd, St Ives plc
`
`Ex. 2010
`Page 2 of 3
`
`

`

`more than one operand; the locations of
`exist. Some operation codes deal with
`*nonmemory reference instructions can
`location or -address in memory though
`ing an *operand, most commonly by its
`*operation code and some way of specify-
`normally made up of a combination of an
`instruction format An instruction is
`execute cycle. See CONTROL UNIT.
`instruction cycle Another name for fetch-
`program.
`subsequent restarting of an interrupted
`the *processor status word: this enables
`get. The instruction counter forms part of
`the next instruction from the branch tar-
`changed by branch instructions to obtain
`This counter will have its contents
`instructions) from the memory locations.
`the program sequence (i.e. the sequence of
`ments in each instruction cycle to obtain
`A counting *register that normally incre-
`instruction counter (program counter)
`computer. See also INSTRUCTION FORMAT.
`set of operations available in a particular
`code of an instruction specifies one of the
`fixed length. The *operation code or order
`instructions. They may or may not be of
`structions, *logic instructions, and "I/0
`metic instructions, *program control in-
`often divided into classes such as "arith-
`result of the operation. Instructions are
`their locations) and the disposition of the
`method of specifying the operands (or
`operation to be performed and some
`puter. It consists of a statement of an
`tion that is to be performed by a com-
`instruction The description of an Opera-
`meters.
`stract data type to a particular set of para-
`2.The application of a parameterized ab-
`unit, or template.
`ular instance of an object class, generic
`instantiation 1. The creation of a partic-
`CODES.
`instantaneously decodable See PREFIX
`See also OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING.
`instance See INSTANTIATION, UNIFICATION.
`puter.
`2. To fit new hardware features to a com-
`custom, or full installations.
`gram will offer choices of minimum,
`ware to install. A typical installation pro-
`installer to choose how much of the soft-
`
`instruction format
`
`environment, and perhaps allowing the
`files, configuring the software to suit its
`copy as it involves unpacking compressed
`installation process is not just a straight
`cation from where it will be executed. The
`computer, and place it in its permanent lo-
`CD-ROM, tapes, or on a remote networked
`bution files, which can be on floppy disks,
`install 1. To take software from the distri-
`other.
`list, not necessarily at one end or the
`*lists, that places a new element into a
`2. One of the basic actions performed on
`ON SETS.
`the membership of S. See also OPERATIONS
`ready in S the operation has no effect on
`adds the element el to the set S. If el is al-
`insert(el, S)
`form
`formed on *sets that, when applied in the
`insert 1. One of the basic actions per-
`tion. See also INTERROGATION.
`terminal is an example of an inquiry sta-
`ing from an inquiry. An airline booking
`information as the result of an action aris-
`search. An inquiry station may also update
`that successively narrow the field of
`will show a series of possible selections
`from a menu on the display. The display
`in plain text or by indicating a selection •
`keyboard either in the form of a question
`reader. The user makes the inquiry via the
`be ancillary devices such as a *badge
`display and a keyboard. but there may also
`a "database. Generally the terminal has a
`which information can be retrieved from
`inquiry station Obsolete A terminal from
`code.
`package and translates it into an ASCII
`code scanner reads the data-encoded
`chine-readable signals, as when a *bar-
`be translation between two types of ma-
`generated by people. In some cases it may
`actions, or symbols that are understood or
`host processor's signals and the sounds,
`equipment is the translation between the
`activity. An important function of most I/O
`of the system primarily dedicated to this
`ing unit of a computer system. or the part
`mation into or out of the central process-
`input/output (I/O) The passing of infor-
`which input data is available or obtained.
`speed of execution is limited by the rate at
`
`input-limited process A process whose
`VICE.
`ment scanners. See also LOGICAL INPUT DE-
`units, magnetic *card readers, and *docu-
`collection terminals, *speech recognition
`devices include "pointing devices, *data
`cards but these are now obsolete. Current
`ers also used punched paper tape and
`the most common example. Early comput-
`computer interface, the *keyboard being
`system. Such devices provide the human-
`data, programs, or signals into a processor
`input device Any device that transfers
`transfer to backing store.
`cation line and clear the output area by
`such as an input peripheral or communi-
`replenish the input area from a source
`Subroutines are usually organized so as to
`cessing may be written to an *output area.
`fore it is processed. The result of the pro-
`transfer it to a working area or register be
`ally retrieve data from the input area and
`ing data. The processing system will usu-
`that is currently allocated to hold incom-
`input area The area of main memory
`3.To enter data or apply a signal.
`circuit, such as a logic circuit.
`2. A signal that is applied to an electrical
`vice, or the data that is entered.
`a processing system or a peripheral de
`input 1. The process of entering data into
`metric order traversal.
`inorder traversal Another name for sym-
`own signature.
`code by detecting the presence of their
`that are programmed to avoid reinfecting
`fective only against those specific viruses
`liberately added to a program. This is ef-
`(but not the harmful code) of a virus, is de-
`vention in which a vaccine, the *signature
`inoculation A technique for virus pre-
`SYSTEM.
`inner code See CONCATENATED CODING
`head of a normal function call.
`point of call, thereby avoiding the over-
`code is inserted by the compiler at the
`in-line function A short function whose
`the long-term stability of the dyes used.
`ity, though there are still concerns about
`can produce prints of photographic qual-
`in recent years and some inkjet printers
`
`263
`
`262
`
`; have been made
`ces do.
`per for good re-
`dvantage is that it
`it reaches the
`as a liquid but re-
`k that is heated so
`The phase-change
`ice necessary to
`ter fires ink only
`:er. The
`1 deflecting un-
`se surface. The de--
`lly charged ink
`:let printer a contin-
`types of inkjet de-
`rinters can also act
`(see oviy, CMYK
`fed with three or
`) suitable for color
`such lower cost.
`Ind quality to the
`itable media) offer
`) the extent that
`nozzles. The tech-
`using piezoelec-
`d each nozzle, or
`;sing tiny electric
`e achieved by sur-
`:o eject the drops
`ozzles. The rapid
`t surface from one
`ihics by tiring a
`put device that cre-
`aI numbers.
`.H•s, into a larger
`ne smaller set,
`tions is to map or
`x, =
`
`codomain. For-
`re mapped onto
`that distinct el-
`function) A "func-
`
`PARTIAL DIFFEREN-
`11 See ORDINARY DIE-
`
`sble is first de-
`y for specifying ini-
`
`rn
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`Ex. 2010
`Page 3 of 3
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