UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`ZTE (USA) Inc.,
`Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., and
`Samsung Electronics America, Inc.,
`
`Petitioner
`
`v.
`
`Evolved Wireless LLC,
`
`Patent Owner
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`OF U.S. PATENT NO. 8,218,481
`
`Case No. IPR2016-01342
`
`Mail Stop Patent Board
`Patent Trial and Appeal Board
`U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
`P.O. Box 1450
`Alexandria, VA 22313-1450
`
`

`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`I.
`
`Mandatory Notices (37 C.F.R. § 42.8) ............................................................1
`
`A.
`
`B.
`
`C.
`
`Real Parties-in-Interest (§ 42.8(B)(1)) ..................................................1
`
`Related Matters (§ 42.8(B)(2))..............................................................1
`
`Counsel Information (§ 42.8(b)(3)).......................................................2
`
`II.
`
`Payment of Fees (37 C.F.R. § 42.15(A)).........................................................2
`
`III. Grounds for Standing (37 C.F.R. § 42.104(A))...............................................3
`
`IV. Background of 481 Patent ...............................................................................3
`
`A.
`
`B.
`
`C.
`
`Summary ...............................................................................................3
`
`Prosecution History...............................................................................3
`
`Claimed Priority Date............................................................................4
`
`V.
`
`Background of Technology .............................................................................5
`
`A.
`
`B.
`
`C.
`
`Person of Ordinary Skill in the Art .......................................................5
`
`Technical Background...........................................................................5
`
`State of the Art ......................................................................................8
`
`VI.
`
`Prior Art References ......................................................................................10
`
`A.
`
`B.
`
`C.
`
`Panasonic 700 (Ex. 1002)....................................................................10
`
`Panasonic 114 (Ex. 1003)....................................................................12
`
`Chu (Ex. 1004) ....................................................................................13
`
`D. Motorola 595 (Ex. 1020).....................................................................14
`
`E.
`
`“Printed Publication” Status................................................................18
`
`1.
`
`Panasonic References................................................................18
`
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`2.
`
`Chu ............................................................................................23
`
`VII. Claim Construction (37 C.F.R. § 42.104(B)(3)) ...........................................24
`
`A.
`
`“repeating a specific sequence, having a length (L), N times to
`generate a consecutive sequence having a length (N*L)” (claims 1
`and 8)...................................................................................................24
`
`B.
`
`“preamble generation unit” and “transmission unit” (claim 8)...........25
`
`VIII. Grounds of Rejection (37 C.F.R. § 42.104(B)(1)-(2), (4))............................26
`
`A.
`
`Ground 1: Claims 1 and 2 are invalid based on Panasonic 700..........27
`
`1.
`
`2.
`
`Independent claim 1 is invalid..................................................27
`
`Dependent claim 2 is invalid.....................................................34
`
`B.
`
`Ground 2: Claim 3 is invalid based on Panasonic 700 and
`Panasonic 114......................................................................................35
`
`1.
`
`2.
`
`Dependent claim 3 is invalid.....................................................35
`
`Reasons to Combine the Panasonic References .......................37
`
`C.
`
`Ground 3: Claims 4 and 6 are invalid based on Panasonic 700,
`Panasonic 114, and Chu. .....................................................................39
`
`1.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`Dependent claim 4 is invalid.....................................................39
`
`Dependent claim 6 is invalid.....................................................42
`
`Reasons to Combine the Panasonic References and Chu.........43
`
`D.
`
`Ground 4: Claims 8 and 9 are invalid based on Panasonic 700 and
`Motorola 595. ......................................................................................44
`
`1.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`Independent claim 8 is invalid..................................................44
`
`Dependent claim 9 is invalid.....................................................50
`
`Reasons to Combine the Panasonic References and/or
`Chu with Motorola 595.............................................................52
`
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`E.
`
`F.
`
`Ground 5: Claim 10 is invalid based on Panasonic 700, Panasonic
`114, and Motorola 595. .......................................................................53
`
`1.
`
`Dependent claim 10 is invalid...................................................53
`
`Ground 6: Claims 11 and 13 are invalid based on Panasonic 700,
`Panasonic 114, Chu, and Motorola 595. .............................................54
`
`1.
`
`2.
`
`Dependent claim 11 is invalid...................................................54
`
`Dependent claim 13 is invalid...................................................55
`
`G.
`
`No ground is redundant.......................................................................55
`
`IX. Conclusion .....................................................................................................57
`
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`Exhibit No. Short Name
`
`Description
`
`EXHIBIT LIST
`
`481 Patent
`
`U.S. Patent No. 8,218,481
`
`“RACH preamble evaluation in E-UTRA
`uplink,” 3GPP Tdoc R1-060700, Panasonic,
`TSG-RAN WG1 Meeting #44, Denver, USA,
`February 13-17, 2006
`
`“Random access design for E-UTRA uplink,”
`3GPP Tdoc R1-061114, Panasonic, TSG-RAN
`WG1 Meeting #45, Shanghai, China, May 8-12,
`2006
`
`“Polyphase Codes With Good Periodic
`Correlation Properties,” D.C. Chu, IEEE
`Transactions on Information Theory, pp. 531-
`32, July 1972
`
`1001
`
`1002
`
`Panasonic 700
`
`1003
`
`Panasonic 114
`
`1004
`
`Chu
`
`1005
`
`1006
`
`1007
`
`1008
`
`481 File History
`
`File History of U.S. Patent Application No.
`12/303,947, which issued as the 481 Patent
`
`Huawei 797
`
`“RACH design for E-UTRA,” 3GPP Tdoc R1-
`060797, Huawei, TSG-RAN WG1 Meeting
`#44bis, Athens, Greece, March 27-31, 2006
`
`Samsung 028
`
`U.S. Patent No. US 7,702,028 B2, originally
`assigned to Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
`
`Motorola/TI 893
`
`“Proposal for RACH Preambles,” 3GPP Tdoc
`TSGR1#6(99)893, Motorola and Texas
`Instruments, TSG-RAN WG1 Meeting #6,
`Espoo, Finland, July 13-16, 1999
`
`Patent 8,218,481
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`Exhibit No. Short Name
`
`Description
`
`1009
`
`TI 058
`
`1010
`
`Motorola 884
`
`1011
`
`Nortel 908
`
`1012
`
`TI 867
`
`1013
`
`NTT/NEC 992
`
`“RACH Preamble Design,” 3GPP Tdoc R1-
`051058, Texas Instruments, TSG-RAN WG1
`Meeting #42bis, San Diego, USA, October 10-
`14, 2005
`
`“Random Access Sequence Design,” 3GPP
`Tdoc R1-060884, Motorola, TSG-RAN WG1
`Meeting #44-bis, Athens, Greece, March 24-26,
`2006
`
`“On the performances of LTE RACH,” 3GPP
`Tdoc R1-060908, Nortel Networks, TSG-RAN
`WG1 Meeting #44-bis, Athens, Greece, March
`27-31, 2006
`
`“A new preamble shape for the Random Access
`preamble in E-UTRA,” 3GPP Tdoc R1-060867,
`Texas Instruments, TSG-RAN WG1 Meeting
`#44-bis, Athens, Greece, March 27-31, 2006
`
`“Investigations on Random Access Channel
`Structure for E-UTRA Uplink,” 3GPP Tdoc R1-
`060992, NTT DoCoMo and NEC, TSG-RAN
`WG1 Meeting #44bis, Athens, Greece, March
`27-31, 2006
`
`1014
`
`1015
`
`1016
`
`1017
`
`1018
`
`Min Decl.
`
`Declaration of Paul S. Min, Ph.D
`
`Zhisong Decl.
`
`Declaration of Zuo Zhisong
`
`Butler Aff.
`
`3GPP FAQs
`
`Delegates Corner
`
`Affidavit of Christopher Butler
`
`Printout of 3GPP FAQs, available at
`http://www.3gpp.org/about-3gpp/3gpp-faqs
`
`Printout of Delegates Corner, available at
`http://www.3gpp.org/specifications-
`groups/delegates-corner
`
`Patent 8,218,481
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`
`Exhibit No. Short Name
`
`Description
`
`1019
`
`1020
`
`1021
`
`1022
`
`1023
`
`1024
`
`1025
`
`1026
`
`1027
`
`1028
`
`1029
`
`44 Docs
`
`Printout of http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_ran/
`WG1_RL1/TSGR1_44/Docs/
`
`Motorola 595
`
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US
`2007/0058595 A1
`
`Tdoclist 44
`
`45 Docs
`
`Printout of list of Tdocs submitted at RAN1
`Meeting 44
`
`Printout of http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_ran/
`WG1_RL1/TSGR1_45/Docs/
`
`5/2/06 Hiramatsu
`E-Mail
`
`Printout of archived version of e-mail from
`Katsuhiko Hiramatsu to RAN1’s e-mail
`exploder list on May 2, 2006
`
`Tdoclist 45
`
`Chu Citations
`
`Printout of list of Tdocs submitted at RAN1
`Meeting 45
`
`Printout of IEEE Xplore Abstract (Citations) -
`Polyphase codes with good periodic correlation
`properties (Corresp.), available at
`http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/abstractCitations.js
`p?tp=&arnumber=1054840&filter%3DAND%2
`8p_IS_Number%3A22664%29
`
`LG 916
`
`153 Patent
`
`U.S. Patent No. 7,746,916
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,553,153
`
`284 Publication
`
`U.S. Patent App. Pub. 2004/0047284
`
`3GPP FAQs
`Archive
`
`Printout of archived version of 3GPP Frequency
`Asked Questions, available at
`http://web.archive.org/web/20060225053110/htt
`p://www.3gpp.org/faq/faq_2005_2.htm
`
`Patent 8,218,481
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`Exhibit No. Short Name
`
`Description
`
`1030
`
`1031
`
`1032
`
`1033
`
`4/30/06 List
`Archives
`
`Printout of archived version of LISTSERV
`Archives at LIST.ETSI.ORG, available at
`https://web.archive.org/web/20060430104216/ht
`tp://list.3gpp.org/
`
`44 Participant List Printout of 3GPP Meeting Registration
`
`45 Participant List Printout of 3GPP Meeting Registration
`
`Dahlman
`
`Excerpts from Dahlman, Erik. 3G Evolution:
`HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband.
`Amsterdam: Academic, 2008
`
`1034
`
`TI 062
`
`1035
`
`1036
`
`1037
`
`3GPP TR 21.905
`v7.0.0
`
`3GPP TR 25.814
`v1.0.2
`
`Ericsson 445
`
`1038
`
`Motorola 025
`
`“On Uplink Pilot in EUTRA SC-FDMA,” 3GPP
`Tdoc R1-051062, Texas Instruments, TSG-RAN
`WG1 Ad Hoc on LTE, San Diego, USA,
`October 10-14, 2005
`
`3GPP TR 25.905 v7.0.0 (2005-09)
`
`3GPP TR 25.814 v1.0.2 (2006-01)
`
`“E-UTRA Random Access,” 3GPP Tdoc R1-
`051445, Ericsson, TSG-RAN WG1 #43, Seoul,
`Korea, November 7-11, 2005
`
`“RACH Design for EUTRA,” 3GPP Tdoc R1-
`060025, Motorola, TSG-RAN WG1 #43,
`Helsinki, Finland, January 23-25, 2006
`
`1039
`
`3GPP TS 25.211
`v6.7.0
`
`3GPP TS 25.211 v6.7.0 (2005-12)
`
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`Exhibit No. Short Name
`
`Description
`
`1040
`
`1041
`
`1042
`
`Joint Claim
`Construction Chart
`
`Joint Claim Construction Chart, filed as
`Document 57-1 in Case 1:15-cv-00546-SLR-
`SRF (D. Del.)
`
`Motorola 595
`Provisional
`
`U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/666,494
`
`Kim Decl.
`
`Declaration of Youngbum Kim
`
`Patent 8,218,481
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`ZTE (USA) Inc., Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., and Samsung Electronics
`
`America, Inc. (collectively, “Petitioner”) request inter partes review of claims 1-4,
`
`6, 8-11, and 13 of U.S. Patent No. 8,218,481 (“the 481 patent”). There is a
`
`reasonable likelihood that Petitioner will prevail with respect to at least one claim
`
`challenged in this petition for the following reasons.
`
`I.
`
`Mandatory Notices (37 C.F.R. § 42.8)
`
`A.
`
`Real Parties-in-Interest (§ 42.8(B)(1))
`
`ZTE Corporation, ZTE (USA) Inc., Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., and
`
`Samsung Electronics America, Inc. are the real parties-in-interest.
`
`B.
`
`Related Matters (§ 42.8(B)(2))
`
`The 481 patent is the subject of the following pending matters, which may
`
`affect, or be affected by, a decision in this proceeding: Evolved Wireless, LLC v.
`
`Apple, Inc., C.A. 15-cv-542 (D. Del.); Evolved Wireless, LLC v. HTC Corp., C.A.
`
`15-cv-543 (D. Del.); Evolved Wireless, LLC v. Lenovo Group Ltd., C.A. 15-cv-544
`
`(D. Del.); Evolved Wireless, LLC v. Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., C.A. 15-cv-545
`
`(D. Del.); Evolved Wireless, LLC v. ZTE Corp., C.A. 15-cv-546 (D. Del.); and
`
`Evolved Wireless, LLC v. Microsoft Corp., C.A. 15-cv-547 (D. Del.).
`
`The 481 patent is also the subject of inter partes review proceeding nos.
`
`IPR2016-00758, IPR2016-00981, and IPR2016-01349. As discussed in Section
`
`VIII.G (pp. 55-57), none of the grounds in the present petition is redundant to any
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`ground presented in the other proceedings.
`
`Petitioner is unaware of any other pending judicial or administrative matter
`
`that would affect, or by affected by, a decision in this proceeding.
`
`C.
`
`Counsel Information (§ 42.8(b)(3))
`
`Lead Counsel
`Charles M. McMahon (Reg. 44,926)
`cmcmahon@mwe.com
`MCDERMOTT WILL & EMERY
`227 W. Monroe
`Chicago, IL 60606
`Telephone: (312) 984-7764
`Fax: (312) 984-7700
`Back-Up Counsel
`James M. Glass (Reg. 46,729)
`jimglass@quinnemanuel.com
`John McKee (Reg. 65,926)
`johnmckee@quinnemanuel.com
`QUINN EMANUEL URQUHART &
`SULLIVAN, LLP
`51 Madison Avenue, 22nd Floor
`New York, NY 10010
`Telephone: (212) 849-7000
`Fax: (212) 849-7100
`
`Back-Up Counsel
`Hersh H. Mehta (Reg. 62,336)
`hmehta@mwe.com
`MCDERMOTT WILL & EMERY
`227 W. Monroe
`Chicago, IL 60606
`Telephone: (312) 984-7682
`Fax: (312) 984-7700
`Back-Up Counsel
`Kevin P.B. Johnson (Reg. 38,927)
`kevinjohnson@quinnemanuel.com
`Todd M. Briggs (Reg. 44,040)
`toddbriggs@quinnemanuel.com
`QUINN EMANUEL URQUHART &
`SULLIVAN, LLP
`555 Twin Dolphin Dr., 5th Floor
`Redwood Shores, CA 94065
`Telephone: (650) 801-5000
`Fax: (650) 801-5100
`
`A power of attorney accompanies this petition. Petitioner consents to service
`
`by e-mail. Please send all correspondence to lead and back-up counsel at the
`
`addresses provided above.
`
`II.
`
`Payment of Fees (37 C.F.R. § 42.15(A))
`
`Petitioner authorizes the Office to charge the filing fee specified by 37
`
`C.F.R. § 42.15(a), and any other necessary fee, to Deposit Account No. 50-0417.
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`III. Grounds for Standing (37 C.F.R. § 42.104(A))
`
`Petitioner certifies that it has standing to request and is not barred from
`
`requesting an inter partes review of the 481 patent pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 315.
`
`Neither petitioner nor any privy of petitioner has filed any civil action challenging
`
`the validity of any claim of the 481 patent. Petitioner files this petition in
`
`accordance with the time restrictions set in 35 U.S.C. § 315(b) and 37 C.F.R. §§
`
`1.7(a) , 42.1.
`
`IV. Background of 481 Patent
`
`A.
`
`Summary
`
`The 481 patent relates to “a method of expanding a code sequence, a
`
`structure of a random access channel and a method of transmitting data in a mobile
`
`communication system.” (Ex. 1001, 481 Patent, at 1:16-20.) The 481 patent has 16
`
`claims, of which claims 1 and 8 are independent.
`
`B.
`
`Prosecution History
`
`On December 8, 2008, U.S. Patent Application No. 12/303,947 was filed as
`
`a national stage filing of International Application No. PCT/KR07/02784, filed on
`
`June 8, 2007 (“PCT 784”), which claims priority to Korean Application Nos. 10-
`
`2006-0052167, filed on June 9, 2006 (“KR 167”), and 10-2006-0057488, filed on
`
`June 26, 2006 (“KR 488”).
`
`On September 16, 2011, the examiner issued a non-final office action
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`rejecting every pending claim under 35 U.S.C. § 102(b) based on U.S. Patent
`
`Application No. 2006/0153282 (“Jung”). (Ex. 1005, 481 File History, at 1005-
`
`0374 – 380.)
`
`On December 16, 2011, in response to the office action, the applicant
`
`amended prosecution claim 31 (which corresponds to issued claim 1) as follows,
`
`amended prosecution claim 38 (which corresponds to issued claim 8) in a similar
`
`manner, and argued that the as-amended claims are patentable over Jung.
`
`(Id. at 1005-0541 – 548.)
`
`On March 6, 2012, the examiner issued a notice of allowance, leading to the
`
`issuance of the 481 patent. (Id. at 1005-0692 – 696.)
`
`C.
`
`Claimed Priority Date
`
`On its face, the 481 patent claims priority to KR 167, filed on June 9, 2006.
`
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`V.
`
`Background of Technology
`
`A.
`
`Person of Ordinary Skill in the Art
`
`The person of ordinary skill in the art of the subject matter of the 481 patent
`
`would have had a master’s degree in electrical engineering with 2-3 years of
`
`experience in cellular communication systems, and would have been aware of the
`
`efforts of the Third Generation Partnership Project (“3GPP”) and its various
`
`groups. (Ex. 1014, Min Decl., at ¶ 34.) Alternatively, that person would have had a
`
`Ph.D. in electrical engineering with the same familiarity with the work of the 3GPP
`
`and its various groups. (Id.)
`
`B.
`
`Technical Background
`
`In 2006, before the 481 patent’s claimed priority date, the
`
`telecommunications industry was developing the cellular standard now known as
`
`Long Term Evolution (“LTE”). (Ex. 1014, Min Decl., at ¶ 35.) Development of
`
`LTE took place in a standard-setting organization called the Third Generation
`
`Partnership Project (“3GPP”). (Id.) 3GPP had members from virtually every
`
`telecommunications company or organization in the world. (Id.)
`
`3GPP had several groups. (Id. at ¶ 36.) Relevant here is Technical
`
`Specification Group Radio Access Network (“TSG RAN”). (Id.) TSG RAN
`
`developed LTE’s radio access network, which allows user equipment (“UE”), such
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`as a phone, to communicate with the cellular network. (Id.) TSG RAN itself had
`
`several working groups, of which Working Group 1 (“WG1”) is relevant here. (Id.)
`
`WG1 was developing the Random Access Channel (“RACH”) of LTE. (Id.
`
`at ¶ 37.) The RACH had a few purposes. (Id.) It would allow a UE to access a
`
`cellular network for the first time, for example, when the UE powers up. (Id.) The
`
`RACH would also allow the cellular network to perform a handover, a process by
`
`which the network transfers a UE from one cell of the network to another cell. (Id.)
`
`Finally, the RACH would allow the UE to become time-synchronized with the
`
`network. (Id.) This was all well-known in WG1 before the 481 patent’s claimed
`
`priority date. (Id.)
`
`Also well-known was the risk of interference if multiple UEs used the same
`
`RACH sequence, called a preamble sequence. (Id. at ¶ 38.) At a given time, several
`
`UEs can perform respective random access procedures, each ideally using a
`
`different RACH preamble sequence to identify itself to a base station, or an
`
`eNodeB in the context of LTE. (Id.) There are a number of RACH preambles
`
`available for a given eNodeB, and when a UE performs a random access
`
`procedure, the UE selects, often randomly, a RACH preamble among the multitude
`
`of RACH preambles available for the eNodeB. (Id.) Because the UEs do not
`
`communicate among themselves, when two or more UEs happen to use the same
`
`RACH preamble sequence at the same time, the eNodeB cannot differentiate these
`
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`UEs, and for that matter, the eNodeB may not even know there are multiple UEs
`
`performing the random access procedure at the same time. (Id.) To correctly
`
`perform the random access procedure, different UEs should use different RACH
`
`preamble sequences. (Id.) Well aware of this problem, WG1 was working on
`
`designing a sufficiently large number of preamble sequences that would be
`
`available to the UEs to reduce the probability that multiple UEs choose the same
`
`RACH preamble. (Id.)
`
`Two mathematical functions guided WG1’s design: (1) auto-correlation, and
`
`(2) cross-correlation. (Id. at ¶ 39.) The auto-correlation function compares a signal
`
`to a time-shifted version of itself. (Id.) The cross-correlation function compares
`
`different signals. (Id.) For both functions, a result of zero is ideal, while a higher
`
`value typically indicates a higher probability of interference. (Id.) When a signal is
`
`periodic, slightly different terminology applies. (Id.) An auto-correlation of a
`
`periodic signal is called a circular auto-correlation; a cross-correlation of that
`
`signal is called a circular cross-correlation; and the time shift of that signal is
`
`called a cyclic shift. (Id.)
`
`WG1 members knew these properties well. (Id. at ¶ 40.) WG1 members also
`
`knew that the RACH preamble sequence they were designing should have
`
`excellent auto-correlation and cross-correlation properties so that the eNodeB can
`
`perform time estimation accurately without RACH preamble sequences interfering
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`with one another. (Id.) Finally, WG1 members knew that sequences called
`
`Constant Amplitude Zero Auto Correlation (“CAZAC”) sequences were well-
`
`suited to be used as RACH preamble sequences. (Id.)
`
`Those skilled in the art also knew that transmissions occurred within a radio
`
`frame, which, as of early 2006, was known to be a 10 ms duration. (Id. at ¶ 41.)
`
`Members of 3GPP WG1 who were developing the radio frame structures for the
`
`4G LTE standards were the same companies and organizations that developed and
`
`managed the 3G WCDMA standards wherein the duration of a radio frame is 10
`
`ms. (Id.) As such, in early 2006, WG1 members advocated the same 10 ms
`
`duration for a radio frame in LTE. (See Ex. 1038, Motorola 025, at 3.) Skilled
`
`artisans also knew that the 10 ms radio frame was constructed of sub-frames. (Id.
`
`(citing Ex. 1036, 3GPP TR 25.814, at § 6.2.1.1.2; Ex. 1035, 3GPP TR 21.905, at
`
`21); Ex. 1020, Motorola 595, at ¶¶ [0036]-[0040].)
`
`C.
`
`State of the Art
`
`The challenged claims are directed to a RACH preamble that includes a
`
`single cyclic prefix followed by repetitions of a cyclic-shifted CAZAC sequence.
`
`(Ex. 1014, Min Decl., at ¶ 42 (citing Ex. 1001, 481 Patent, at claims 1-4, 6, 8-11,
`
`13).) Before the 481 patent’s claimed priority date, this concept was well-known to
`
`persons of ordinary skill in the art. (Id.)
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`First, it was well-known that the RACH preamble could include a CAZAC
`
`sequence. (Id. at ¶ 43.) In July 1972, David C. Chu authored an IEEE article that
`
`introduced a type of CAZAC sequence now known as the Zadoff-Chu sequence.
`
`(Id. (citing Ex. 1004, Chu).) Citing to the Chu article more than 30 years later,
`
`several companies proposed to WG1 that the RACH preamble include a Zadoff-
`
`Chu sequence or other CAZAC sequence. (Id. (citing Ex. 1002, Panasonic 700, at
`
`2; Ex. 1003, Panasonic 114, at 1, 4-5; Ex. 1006, Huawei 797, at 2; Ex. 1007,
`
`Samsung 028, at 8:8-11; Ex. 1010, Motorola 884, at 1; Ex. 1011, Nortel 908, at 1;
`
`Ex. 1012, TI 867, at 5).)
`
`It was also well-known that the RACH preamble could use cyclic shifts of a
`
`CAZAC sequence. (Id. at ¶ 44.) For example, in May 2006, Panasonic employees
`
`studied cyclic-shifted Zadoff-Chu sequences (which are CAZAC sequences) and
`
`concluded that the RACH preamble should use those cyclic-shifted sequences. (Id.
`
`(citing Ex. 1003, Panasonic 114, at 1).)
`
`Those skilled in the art also knew that the RACH preamble could be
`
`constructed using a repeating code, including a repeating CAZAC sequence. (Id. at
`
`¶ 45.) In 1999, Motorola and Texas Instruments proposed a RACH preamble
`
`structure formed of 256 repeated codes. (Id. (citing Ex. 1008, Motorola/TI 893, at
`
`3).) In August 2005, citing to the 1999 paper, Texas Instruments proposed that
`
`same preamble structure for the RACH in LTE. (Id. (citing Ex. 1009, TI 058, at
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`1).) Motorola and Texas Instruments’ papers also disclosed multiplying the
`
`repetitions of the code with another code. (Id. (citing Ex. 1008, Motorola/TI 893, at
`
`3; Ex. 1009, TI 058, at 1).) In March 2006, NTT DoCoMo and NEC specifically
`
`proposed a RACH preamble with a repeating CAZAC sequence. (Id. (citing Ex.
`
`1013, NTT/NEC 992, at 1).) Similarly, Panasonic proposed that the RACH
`
`preamble contain repetitions of a Zadoff-Chu CAZAC sequence. (Id. (citing Ex.
`
`1002, Panasonic 700, at 2).) Panasonic also proposed that the RACH preamble
`
`contain repetitions of a cyclic-shifted Zadoff-Chu CAZAC sequence. (Id. (citing
`
`Ex. 1003, Panasonic 114, at 3).) Finally, skilled artisans knew that a RACH
`
`preamble could have a cyclic prefix followed by repetitions of a CAZAC sequence.
`
`(Id.) For example, Panasonic’s March 2006 submission to 3GPP WG1 proposed
`
`that the RACH preamble contain a cyclic prefix followed by repetitions of a
`
`Zadoff-Chu CAZAC sequence. (Id. (citing Ex. 1002, Panasonic 700, at 2).)
`
`VI. Prior Art References
`
`A.
`
`Panasonic 700 (Ex. 1002)
`
`“Panasonic 700” refers to a meeting contribution document titled “RACH
`
`preamble evaluation in E-UTRA uplink” and numbered R1-060700. (Ex. 1002,
`
`Panasonic 700, at 1.) Panasonic 700 is provided as Exhibit 1002. Panasonic
`
`submitted Panasonic 700 to WG1 for Meeting 44, held on February 13-17, 2006, in
`
`Denver, USA. (Id. at 1.) Panasonic 700 was not cited to the Patent Office or
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`considered by the examiner during the prosecution of the application that issued as
`
`the 481 patent.
`
`Panasonic 700 is prior art to every claim of the 481 patent under pre-AIA 35
`
`U.S.C. § 102(a) and (b). Panasonic 700 is § 102(b) prior art because its publication
`
`date (on or before February 17, 2006) predates the 481 patent’s claimed U.S. filing
`
`date (June 8, 2007) by more than one year. Panasonic 700 is § 102(a) prior art
`
`because its publication date (on or before February 17, 2006) predates the 481
`
`patent’s claimed priority date (June 9, 2006). Panasonic 700 is a “printed
`
`publication” under §§ 102(a) and (b) for the reasons in Section VI.E, infra at pp.
`
`18-24.
`
`Panasonic 700 discloses a RACH preamble structure. (Ex. 1014, Min Decl.,
`
`at ¶ 48 (citing Ex. 1002, Panasonic 700, at 2).) The preamble structure is shown
`
`below.
`
`(Ex. 1002, Panasonic 700, at 2.) The preamble structure consists of M repetitions
`
`of a Zadoff-Chu CAZAC sequence. (Ex. 1014, Min Decl., at ¶ 51 (citing Ex. 1002,
`
`Panasonic 700, at 2).) A cyclic prefix (labeled “CP” in Figure 1) is added to the
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`preamble by concatenating at the front of the repeated CAZAC sequence. (Id.) A
`
`UE transmits the RACH preamble to a Node B. (Id.)
`
`B.
`
`Panasonic 114 (Ex. 1003)
`
`“Panasonic 114” refers to a meeting contribution document titled “Random
`
`access design for E-UTRA uplink” and numbered R1-061114. (Ex. 1003,
`
`Panasonic 114, at 1.) Panasonic 114 is provided as Exhibit 1003. Panasonic
`
`submitted Panasonic 114 to 3GPP WG1 for Meeting 45, held on May 8 to 12,
`
`2006, in Shanghai, China. (Id.)
`
`Panasonic 114 was not cited to the Patent Office or considered by the
`
`examiner during the prosecution of the application that issued as the 481 patent.
`
`Panasonic 114 is prior art to every claim of the 481 patent under pre-AIA 35
`
`U.S.C. § 102(a) and (b). Panasonic 114 is § 102(b) prior art because its publication
`
`date (on or before May 2, 2006) predates the 481 patent’s claimed U.S. filing date
`
`(June 8, 2007) by more than one year. Panasonic 114 is § 102(a) prior art because
`
`its publication date (on or before May 2, 2006) predates the 481 patent’s claimed
`
`priority date (June 9, 2006). Panasonic 114 is a “printed publication” under §§
`
`102(a) and (b) for the reasons in Section VI.E, infra at pp. 18-24.
`
`Panasonic 114 discloses a RACH preamble design. (Ex. 1014, Min Decl., at
`
`¶ 54 (Ex. 1003, Panasonic 114, at 1-2).) Panasonic 114 provides test results of the
`
`performance of WCDMA sequences, CAZAC sequences, and cyclic-shifted
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`CAZAC sequences, concluding that the “cyclic-shifted CAZAC sequence has
`
`superior performance among compared sequences.” (Id. (quoting Ex. 1003,
`
`Panasonic 114, at 2).) Panasonic 114 therefore “propose[s] to choose cyclic-shifted
`
`Zadoff-Chu CAZAC as preamble sequence mainly.” (Id. (quoting Ex. 1003,
`
`Panasonic 114, at 2).) Panasonic 114 provides “two preamble lengths, around 400
`
`usec and around 800 usec” and discloses that “[f]or supporting larger cell size,
`
`repeating this [cyclic-shifted CAZAC sequence] twice (i.e. 800 usec) can be used.”
`
`(Id. (quoting Ex. 1003, Panasonic 114, at 2-3).)
`
`C.
`
`Chu (Ex. 1004)
`
`“Chu” refers to a publication titled “Polyphase Codes with Good Periodic
`
`Correlation Properties” in the July 1972 issue of IEEE Transactions on
`
`Information Theory. (Ex. 1004, Chu, at 1.) Chu is provided as Exhibit 1004.
`
`Chu was not cited to the Patent Office or considered by the examiner during
`
`the prosecution of the application that issued as the 481 patent.
`
`Chu is prior art to every claim of the 481 patent under pre-AIA 35 U.S.C.
`
`§ 102(a) and (b) because Chu’s publication date (on or before July 1972) predates
`
`the 481 patent’s claimed priority date (June 9, 2006) and claimed U.S. filing date
`
`(June 8, 2007) by more than one year. Chu is a “printed publication” under §§
`
`102(a) and (b) for the reasons in Section VI.E, infra at pp. 18-24.
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`Chu discloses and introduces the sequence that is now known as the Zadoff-
`
`Chu sequence. (Ex. 1014, Min Decl., at ¶ 56.) Chu teaches that sequence in the
`
`=exp
`=exp ()
`
`
`form of the following equations:
`
`(4)
`
`(7)
`
`(Id. (citing Ex. 1004, Chu, at 1-2).) Equation (4) applies if the sequence length is
`
`an even number, while equation (7) applies if the sequence length is an odd
`
`exp (2/)
`
`number. (Id.) Chu also discloses that this sequence, ak, may be subjected to
`“[t]rivial variations such as cyclic shifts” and that “certain linear phase shifts of the
`
`form
`
`, where q is any integer, when introduced into the code also
`
`will not affect the correlation.” (Id. (quoting Ex. 1004, Chu, at 2).)
`
`D. Motorola 595 (Ex. 1020)
`
`“Motorola 595” refers to U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US
`
`2007/0058595 A1, which names Motorola, Inc. as its assignee.
`
`Motorola 595 was not cited to the Patent Office or considered by the
`
`examiner during the prosecution of the application that issued as the 481 patent.
`
`Motorola 595 is prior art to every claim of the 481 patent under pre-AIA 35
`
`U.S.C. § 102(e) because Motorola 595’s filing date (March 20, 2006) predates the
`
`481 patent’s claimed priority date (June 9, 2006). Motorola 595 is also § 102(e)
`
`prior art because its priority provisional application’s filing date (March 30, 2005)
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`predates the 481 patent’s claimed priority date (June 9, 2006). Motorola 595 is
`
`entitled to the March 30, 2005 filing date of its priority provisional application
`
`(provided as Ex. 1041) because the provisional application supports Motorola
`
`595’s claims. For example, as shown by the exemplary citations in the following
`
`table, Motorola 595’s priority provisional application supports Motorola 595’s
`
`independent claim 1.1
`
`Motorola 595 Claim 1
`
`“A method for reducing round-trip
`latency within a communication system,
`the method comprising the steps of:”
`
`Exemplary Supporting Disclosure in
`Motorola 595’s Priority Provisional
`Application
`“Therefore, there is a need for an
`improved method for reducing both
`round-trip latency and overhead.”
`(page 1)
`
`“The different frame durations may be
`used to reduce latency and overhead
`based on the type of traffic served.”
`(page 1)
`
`“receiving data to be transmitted over a
`radio frame, wherein the radio frame is
`comprised of a plurality of subframes;”
`
`As the Board has indicated, the petitioner “need not show that every claim of
`1
`
`“Data transmission is provided by:
` Receiving data to be transmitted over
`a radio frame, wherein the radio
`
`[the prior art patent] is supported by the [priority provisional] to demonstrate that
`
`subject matter disclosed in both [the patent] and the [provisional] is entitled to the
`
`benefit of the filing date of the [provisional].” Cisco v. Capella, IPR2014-01276,
`
`Paper 40 at 22 n.9 (P.T.A.B. Feb. 17, 2016).
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`Motorola 595 Claim 1
`
`Exemplary Supporting Disclosure in
`Motorola 595’s Priority Provisional
`Application
`frame is comprised of a plurality of
`subframes wherein the duration of a
`subframe is substantially constant
`and the duration of the radio frame is
`constant;”
`(page 2)
`
`“Data transmission is provided by:
`
`…
`
`Selecting a frame duration from two
`or more frame durations, wherein the
`frame duration is substantially the
`subframe duration multiplied by a
`number;”
`(page 2)
`
`“Data transmission is provided by:
`
`…
`
`Based on the frame duration,
`grouping into a frame the number of
`subframes
` Placing the data within the
`subframes”
`(page 2)
`
`“Data transmission is provided by:
`
`…
`
`Transmitting the frame having the
`number of subframes over the radio
`frame.”
`(page 2)
`
`“selecting a frame duration from two or
`more possible frame durations, wherein
`a frame is substantially equal to a
`multiple of subframes;”
`
`“placing the data within the multiple
`subframes to produce multiple
`subframes